Source and licence
share: publicnoneSource: OCR (tools/batch_ocr.py, model coptic+eng) of Volume I-1/12. From The Thirteenth Dynasty to The Hyksos - Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe.pdf; page files: L0/ocr/Volume_I-1/12._From_The_Thirteenth_Dynasty_to_The_Hyksos_-_Reign_of_Sekhemre-Khutowe/pages
Attribution: Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: From the Thirteenth Dynasty to the Hyksos – Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe; public domain in Canada (death year verified: Breasted d.1935 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): PD-US (published ≤1930)
Jurisdiction note: this text is public domain under Canadian law (the project is published from Canada; LICENCES.md §7: author died in or before 1971). It may still be in copyright elsewhere — in countries with a life + 70 term, or where a later edition claims its own rights. The licence line above says what was verified. If you are outside Canada, check your own law before re-using it.
The text
30 lines · a line number is a link to itself| ref | L0 witness (OCR) |
|---|---|
| page 1 | |
| 1 | FROM THE THIRTEENTH DYNASTY TO |
| 2 | THE HYKSOS |
| page 2 | |
| 3 | REIGN OF SEKHEMRE-KHUTOWE |
| 4 | RECORDS OF NILE-LEVELS® |
| 5 | 7st. These four inscriptions are the latest of the well- |
| 6 | known records on the rocks at Semneh, above the second |
| 7 | cataract, which mark the maximum level of the river. |
| 8 | They begin under Amenemhet III, and continue into the |
| 9 | reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe, when they abruptly cease with |
| 10 | these four, here discussed, which thus possess a certain im- |
| 11 | portance. These Nile records are indeed our only his- |
| 12 | torical inscriptions from the reign of this obscure king,® and |
| 13 | the first ray of light after the fall of the Twelfth Dynasty. |
| 14 | They continue uninterruptedly from the year 1 to the year 4, |
| 15 | inclusive, but only that of the year 3° contains more than |
| 16 | the words, “Height of the Nile of the year —,” it is as follows: |
| 17 | 752. Height of the Nile of the year 3, under the majesty of King |
| 18 | Sekhemre-Khutowe (S§m-R ¢-hw-t°> wy), living forever; when the wearer |
| 19 | of the royal seal, the commander of the army, Renseneb (Rn $ub), was |
| 20 | commanding in the fortress: *Mighty-is-Khekure” (Sesostris III). |
| 21 | eInscribed on the rocks above Semneh; published by Lepsius, Denkmdler, |
| 22 | II, 151, ad. : |
| 23 | bAdministrative documents from his first, and probably also his second and |
| 24 | fifth years, are found in the Kahun Papyri (Griffith, Kahun Papyri, Pl. X, Il. 1, 3; |
| 25 | and PL IX, 1. 9 see Griffith’s remarks, p. 86). Blocks bearing his name were |
| 26 | found also at Bubastis. There is no evidence connecting this king with the name |
| 27 | Sebekhotep. |
| 28 | cLepsius, Denkmdler, 11, 151, C. |
| 29 | dThis is evidently either the fortress of Semneh or that of Kummeh opposite. |
| 30 | 331 |
Provenance
- title
- Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: From the Thirteenth Dynasty to the Hyksos – Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe
- dialect
- none
- source
- OCR (tools/batch_ocr.py, model coptic+eng) of Volume I-1/12. From The Thirteenth Dynasty to The Hyksos - Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe.pdf; page files: L0/ocr/Volume_I-1/12._From_The_Thirteenth_Dynasty_to_The_Hyksos_-_Reign_of_Sekhemre-Khutowe/pages
- licence
- public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): PD-US (published ≤1930)
- share
- public
- attribution
- Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: From the Thirteenth Dynasty to the Hyksos – Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe; public domain in Canada (death year verified: Breasted d.1935 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- file
- Ancient Egyptian/Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I- From the Thirteenth Dynasty to the Hyksos – Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe/12._From_The_Thirteenth_Dynasty_to_The_Hyksos_-_Reign_of_Sekhemre-Khutowe.ocr.L0.txt
L0 witness (OCR)
Cite as:
Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: From the Thirteenth Dynasty to the Hyksos – Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe. OCR (tools/batch_ocr.py, model coptic+eng) of Volume I-1/12. From The Thirteenth Dynasty to The Hyksos - Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe.pdf; page files: L0/ocr/Volume_I-1/12._From_The_Thirteenth_Dynasty_to_The_Hyksos_-_Reign_of_Sekhemre-Khutowe/pages. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/ancient-egyptian/breasted-ancient-records-of-egypt-1906-vol.i-from-the-thirteenth-dynasty-to-the-052d33/12.from-the-thirteenth-dynasty-to-the-hyksos-reign-of-sekhemre-khutowe.ocr/. Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: From the Thirteenth Dynasty to the Hyksos – Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe; public domain in Canada (death year verified: Breasted d.1935 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.