Source and licence
share: publicnoneSource: OCR (tools/batch_ocr.py, model coptic+eng) of Volume I-1/10.4. The Eleventh Dynasty - Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I.pdf; page files: L0/ocr/Volume_I-1/10.4._The_Eleventh_Dynasty_-_Reign_of_Nibhotep-Mentuhotep_I/pages
Attribution: Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: The Eleventh Dynasty – Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I; public domain in Canada (death year verified: Breasted d.1935 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): PD-US (published ≤1930)
Jurisdiction note: this text is public domain under Canadian law (the project is published from Canada; LICENCES.md §7: author died in or before 1971). It may still be in copyright elsewhere — in countries with a life + 70 term, or where a later edition claims its own rights. The licence line above says what was verified. If you are outside Canada, check your own law before re-using it.
The text
47 lines · a line number is a link to itself| ref | L0 witness (OCR) |
|---|---|
| page 1 | |
| 1 | REIGN OF NIBHOTEP-MENTUHOTEP I |
| 2 | TEMPLE FRAGMENTS FROM GEBELEN® |
| 3 | 423H. These scanty fragments tell a remarkable story, not |
| 4 | yet noticed, as far as I know, in any of the histories. The |
| 5 | first block bears the Horus-name of the king, and thus |
| 6 | identifies him as Nibhotep-Mentuhotep® (I). It repre- |
| 7 | sents him smiting an enemy bearing the inscription: “Chief |
| 8 | of Tehenu and -ⲓ The second block represents the |
| 9 | king again smiting the enemy, four in number. The king |
| 10 | bears the inscription: “Son of Hathor, Mistress of Dendera, |
| 11 | Mentuhotep.” The first enemy is without inscription, but |
| 12 | represents an Egyptian!® The other three are designated |
| 13 | as: “Nubians, Asiatics (sttyw), Libyans.¥’ Over the |
| 14 | whole is the inscription: “Binding the chiefs of the Two |
| 15 | Lands, capturing the South and Northland, the highlands |
| 16 | and the two regions, the Nine Bows and the Two Lands” |
| 17 | (sic!). The king makes no distinction between his vic- |
| 18 | tories over foreign foes and his conquest of Egypt itself, |
| 19 | and actually places the figure of the conquered Egyptian |
| 20 | among those of the barbarians on the temple wall. Mentu- |
| 21 | aInscribed blocks, now in Cairo, from a temple of Mentuhotep I at Gebelen, |
| 22 | which had been rebuilt into a Ptolemaic temple wall. They have been very inac- |
| 23 | curately published by Daressy (Recueil, XIV, 26, and XVI, 42); much better by |
| 24 | Frazer (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeology, XV, 409, PL XV). |
| 25 | Fortunately, I also found Erman’s copy of them among the Lexicon manuscripts. |
| 26 | bThe Intef-custom of putting “Son of Re” within the cartouche is observable |
| 27 | here. |
| 28 | cOverlooked by Daressy; and seemingly not identified by Frazer. |
| 29 | dOf these three, the first two are the same in appearance; the Libyan as usual |
| 30 | wears a feather. They symbolize the foes of Egypt on south, east, and west, in |
| 31 | harmony with the same king’s inscription on the Island of Konosso (Lepsius, |
| 32 | Denkmiler, II, 150, b= de Morgan, Catalogue des monuments, 73, 44) which |
| 33 | states: “all countries are beneath his feet.” |
| 34 | 204 |
| page 2 | |
| 35 | § 423] TEMPLE FRAGMENTS FROM GEBELEN 20§ |
| 36 | hotep I therefore acquired the land of Egypt by conquest, |
| 37 | and made no effort to conceal the source of his title by pre- |
| 38 | tense to legitimacy. It was evidently this conquest which |
| 39 | overthrew the Heracleopolitans of the Tenth Dynasty. |
| 40 | Hence the reign of Mentuhotep I marks the conclusion of |
| 41 | the war with the North. The place of his reign is clearly |
| 42 | after Intef IT, and before the last three Mentuhoteps who |
| 43 | controlled the whole country.* |
| 44 | aSchaefer states that similar representations were found by Borchardt in the |
| 45 | temple of Nuserre at Abusir. The conception may therefore be more general than |
| 46 | I have supposed above. See also Papyrus Anastasi II, II, 7, for similar state- |
| 47 | ments concerning Ramses II. |
Provenance
- title
- Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: The Eleventh Dynasty – Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I
- dialect
- none
- source
- OCR (tools/batch_ocr.py, model coptic+eng) of Volume I-1/10.4. The Eleventh Dynasty - Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I.pdf; page files: L0/ocr/Volume_I-1/10.4._The_Eleventh_Dynasty_-_Reign_of_Nibhotep-Mentuhotep_I/pages
- licence
- public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): PD-US (published ≤1930)
- share
- public
- attribution
- Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: The Eleventh Dynasty – Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I; public domain in Canada (death year verified: Breasted d.1935 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- file
- Ancient Egyptian/Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I- The Eleventh Dynasty – Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I/10.4._The_Eleventh_Dynasty_-_Reign_of_Nibhotep-Mentuhotep_I.ocr.L0.txt
L0 witness (OCR)
Cite as:
Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: The Eleventh Dynasty – Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I. OCR (tools/batch_ocr.py, model coptic+eng) of Volume I-1/10.4. The Eleventh Dynasty - Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I.pdf; page files: L0/ocr/Volume_I-1/10.4._The_Eleventh_Dynasty_-_Reign_of_Nibhotep-Mentuhotep_I/pages. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/ancient-egyptian/breasted-ancient-records-of-egypt-1906-vol.i-the-eleventh-dynasty-reign-of-nibho-cf27fe/10.4.the-eleventh-dynasty-reign-of-nibhotep-mentuhotep-i.ocr/. Breasted – Ancient Records of Egypt (1906), vol. I: The Eleventh Dynasty – Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I; public domain in Canada (death year verified: Breasted d.1935 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.