23_I John_01 — Coptic · Cairene

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share: attributionbohairic

Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 23_I_John_01

Attribution: 23_I John_01 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 23_I_John_01, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Full provenance and citation

The text

10 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
1:1	ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ϩⲏ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉϥ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲟⲙⲥ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲉⲛϫⲓϫ ϫⲉⲙϫⲱⲙϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲱⲛϧ	ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ϩⲏ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉϥ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲟⲙⲥ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲉⲛϫⲓϫ ϫⲉⲙϫⲱⲙϥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲱⲛϧ	fy etṡop isjen hy fy etaǹsoθmef fy etannav èrof ǹnenval fy etansoms èrof ouoh anenjig jemgōmf eθve pisaji ǹte p̀ōnx	That which was from the beginning, that which we have heard, that which we have seen with our eyes, that which we saw, and our hands touched, concerning the Word of life
1:2	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲙⲟ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ϩⲁⲫⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉⲣⲟⲛ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲙⲟ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ϩⲁ ⲫ̀ⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲛ	ouoh piōnx afouonh èvol ouoh annav èrof ouoh tenermeθre ouoh tentamo m̀mōten èpiōnx ǹèneh fy etṡop ha f̀iōt ouoh afouonh èron	(and the life was revealed, and we have seen, and testify, and declare to you the life, the eternal life, which was with the Father, and was revealed to us);
1:3	ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉϥ ⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲱⲓϣ ⲙⲙⲟ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲫⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲭⲥ	ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉϥ ⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲱⲓϣ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲥ̀ⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫ̀ⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ	fy etannav èrof ouoh ansoθmef tenhiōiṡ m̀mo nōten hina ǹθōten hōten ǹte oumetṡfyr ṡōpi nōten neman tenmetṡfyr ḋe s̀ṡy nem f̀iōt nem pefṡyri iysous pix̀ristos	that which we have seen and heard we declare to you, that you also may have fellowship with us. Yes, and our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son, Jesus Christ.
1:4	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥϫⲏⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲧⲉⲛⲥ̀ϧⲁⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲣⲁϣⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥϫⲏⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ	ouoh nai tens̀xai m̀mōou nōten hina ǹte petenraṡi ṡōpi efjyk èvol	And we write these things to you, that our joy may be fulfilled.
1:5	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲱϣ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉϥ ⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲱⲓϣ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϫⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲱϣ ⲉⲧⲁⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉϥ ⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲱⲓϣ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϫⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ϩ̀ⲗⲓ ⲛ̀ⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧϥ	ouoh fai pe piōṡ etaǹsoθmef tenhiōiṡ m̀mof nōten je f̀nouti ououōini pe ouoh m̀mon h̀li ǹkaki ǹxytf	This is the message which we have heard from him and announce to you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.
1:6	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏ ⲣⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲉⲛϫⲉⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ⲛⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲁⲛ	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏ ⲣⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲛ̀ⲙⲟϣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲉ̀ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲛⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲑ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ⲁⲛ	eṡōp anṡangos je ouontan ǹoumetṡfy rnemaf ouoh èǹmoṡi xen pikaki èǹje meθnoug ouoh tenìri ǹθ̀myi an	If we say that we have fellowship with him and walk in the darkness, we lie, and don't tell the truth.
1:7	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲟϣⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲛⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲁⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉϥⲙⲟϣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡ̀ⲥ̀ⲛⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲁ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ	eṡōp anṡanmoṡi xen piouōini ǹf̀ryti hōf ètefmoṡi xen piouōini ouontan ǹoumetṡfyr nem neneryou ouoh p̀·s̀nof ǹiysous pefṡyri f̀natouvon èvol ha novi niven	But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus Christ, his Son, cleanses us from all sin.
1:8	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲙⲙⲟⲛⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣϩⲁⲗ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲑⲙⲏⲓ ϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲛ	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣϩⲁⲗ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲑⲙⲏⲓ ϣⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲛ	eṡōp anṡangos je m̀mon ten novi m̀mav tenerhal m̀mon mmavaten ouoh θmyi ṡop ǹxyten an	If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.
1:9	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϥⲉⲛϩⲟⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲭⲁ ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟⲛ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϥ̀ⲉⲛϩⲟⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲑ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲭⲁ ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟⲛ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ	eṡōp anṡanouōnh ǹnennovi èvol f̀enhot ouoh ouθ̀myi pe hina ǹtefka nennovi nan èvol ouoh f̀natouvon savol ǹċingons niven	If we confess our sins, he is faithful and righteous to forgive us the sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
1:10	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲥⲁⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ ϣⲟⲡ ⲛϧⲏⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲛ .	ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲧⲉⲛⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ ϣⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲛ.	eṡōp anṡangos je m̀penernovi tenìri m̀mof ǹsameθnoug ouoh pefsaji ṡop ǹxyten an.	If we say that we haven't sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.

Provenance

title: 23_I John_01
dialect: bohairic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 23_I_John_01
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)
share: attribution
attribution: 23_I John_01 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 23_I_John_01, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.0.0, 2024-10-31)
file: Bible/New Testament/I John/01.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: 23_I John_01 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 01.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 23_I_John_01)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 23_I John_01 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 23_I_John_01, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/cairene.py from_witness on the L0 text (L1 = Cairene(N(L0)), RI-038 2026-09-16; RI-029 2026-09-11; DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09: punctuation O-6, jinkim O-3; segmentation-aware jinkim + spelling verdicts from the witness-aligned CoNLL-U segmentation, C3b; 2026-09-09 evening rulings: word division church, "until" base ϣⲁⲧⲉ-, nomina sacra ⲓ̅ⲥ̅/ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦/Ⲑⲥ̅/Ⲩⲥ̅ expanded; numerals and abbreviations resolved by the normalization stage)
file: Bible/New Testament/I John/01.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: 23_I John_01 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 01.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 23_I John_01 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 23_I_John_01, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/New Testament/I John/01.bohairic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 10 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: World English Bible (WEB) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.nt, 23_I_John_01 (10 lines)

Cite as:

23_I John_01. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 23_I_John_01. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/new-testament/i-john/01.bohairic.scriptorium/. 23_I John_01 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 23_I_John_01, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.