Source and licence
share: attributiongreekSource: Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; I Esdras 1; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md)
Attribution: Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 — Swete's Greek text via the Open Greek and Latin Project (First1KGreek, urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527) and the tokenised edition nathans/lxx-swete, both CC BY-SA 4.0 (repository README + upstream license.md, read 2026-09-10; outputs/REPORT-W2-terms.md, LICENCES.md §12.1)
The text
55 lines · a line number is a link to itself| ref | L0 witness |
|---|---|
| 1:1 | ΚΑΙ ἤγαγεν Ἰωσείας τὸ πάσχα ἐν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῷ κυρίῳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔθυσαν τὸ πάσχα τῇ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ πρώτου, |
| 1:2 | στήσας τοὺς ἱερεῖς κατʼ ἐφημερίας ἐστολισμένους ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τοῦ κυρίου. |
| 1:3 | καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς Λευείταις, ἱεροδούλοις τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, ἁγιάσαι αὐτοὺς τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν τῇ θέσει τῆς ἁγίας κιβωτοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ ᾧ ᾠκοδόμησεν Σαλωμὼν ὁ τοῦ Δαυεὶδ ὁ βασιλεύς· |
| 1:4 | Οὐκ ἔσται ὑμῖν ἄραι ἐπʼ ὤμῶν αὐτήν· καὶ νῦν λατρεύετε τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ ὑμῶν, καὶ θεραπεύετε τὸ ἔθνος αὐτοῦ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ ἑτοιμάσατε κατὰ τὰς πατριὰς καὶ τὰς φυλὰς ὑμῶυ )(⁵)κατὰ τὴν γραφὴν Δαυεὶδ βασιλέως Ἰσραὴλ καὶ κατὰ τὴν μεγαλειότητα Σαλωμὼν τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ· |
| 1:5 | καὶ στάντες ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ κατὰ τὴν μεριδαρχίαν τὴν πατρικὴν ὑμῶν τῶν Λευειτῶν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ |
| 1:6 | ἐν τάξει, (5) θύσατε τὸ πάσχα, καὶ τὰς θυσίας ἑτοιμάσατε τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὑμῶν, καὶ ποιήσατε τὸ πάσχα κατὰ τὸ πρόσταγμα τοῦ κυρίου τὸ δοθὲν τῷ Μωυσῆ. |
| 1:7 | καὶ ἐδωρήσατο Ἰωσείας τῷ λαῷ τῷ εὑρεθέντι ἀρνῶν καὶ ἐρίφων τριάκοντα χιλιάδας, μόσχ χους τρισχιλίους· (8) ταῦτα ἐκ τῶν βασιλικῶν ἐδόθη κατʼ ἐπαγγελίαν τῷ λαῷ καὶ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν καὶ Λευείταις. |
| 1:8 | καὶ ἔδωκεν Κελκείας καὶ Ζαχαρίας καὶ Ἠσύηλος οἱ ἐπιστάται τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν εἰς πάσχα πρόβατα δισχίλια ἑξακόσια, μόσχους τριακοσίους. |
| 1:9 | καὶ Ἰεχονίας καὶ Σαμαίας καὶ Ναθαναὴλ ὁ ἀδελφὸς καὶ Σαβίας καὶ Οχίηλος καὶ Ἰωρὰμ χιλίαρχοι ἔδωκαν τοῖς Λευείταις εἰς πάσχα πρόβατα χίλια, μόσχους ἑπτακοσίους. |
| 1:10 | καὶ ταῦτα τὰ γενόμενα· εὐπρεπῶς ἔστησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευεῖται, ἔχοντες τὰ ἄζυμα, κατὰ τὰς φυλὰς (¹¹)καὶ κατὰ τὰς μεριδαρχίας τῶν πατέρων ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ λαοῦ, προσενεγκεῖν τῷ κυρίῳ κατὰ τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν βιβλίῳ Μωυσῆ· καὶ οὕτω τὸ πρωινόν. |
| 1:11 | καὶ ὤπτησαν τὸ πάσχα ἐν πυρὶ ὡς καθήκει, καὶ τὰς θυσίας ἥψησαν ἐν τοῖς χαλκίοις καὶ λέβησιν μετʼ εὐωδίας, (¹³)καὶ ἀπήνεγκαν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ. |
| 1:12 | μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἡτοι μασαν ἑαυτοῖς τε καὶ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν υἱοῖς Ἀαρών. |
| 1:13 | οἱ γὰρ ἱερεῖς ἀνέφερον τὰ στέατα ἕως ἀωρίας· καὶ οἱ Λευεῖται ἡτοίμασαν ἑαυτοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἀδελφοῖς αὐτῶν υἱοῖς Ἀαρών. |
| 1:14 | καὶ οἱ ἱεροψάλται υἱοὶ Ἀσὰφ ἦσαν ἐπὶ τῆς τάξεως αὐτῶν κατὰ τὰ ὑπὸ Δαυεὶδ τεταγμένα, καὶ Ἀσὰφ καὶ Ζαχαρίας καὶ Ἐβδεινοῦς οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως. |
| 1:15 | καὶ οἱ θυρωροὶ ἐφʼ ἑκάστου πυλῶος· οὐκ ἔστιν παραβῆναι ἕκαστον τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐφημερίαν· οἱ γὰρ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν οἱ Λευεῖται ἡτοίμασαν ἑαυτοῖς. |
| 1:16 | καὶ συνετελέσθη τὰ τῆς θυσίας τοῦ κυρίου (¹8)ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρα, ἀχθῆναι τὸ πάσχα καὶ προσαχθῆναι τὰς θυσίας ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ κυρίου θυσιαστήριον κατὰ τὴν ἐπιταγὴν τοῦ βασλέως Ἰωσείου. |
| 1:17 | καὶ ἠγάγοσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ οἱ εὑρεθέντες ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ τὸ πάσχα καὶ τὴν ἑορτὴν τῶν ἀζύμων ἡμέρας ἑπτά. |
| 1:18 | καὶ οὐκ ἤχθη τὸ πάσχα τοιοῦτο ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ ἀπὸ τῶν χρόνων Σαμουὴλ τοῦ προφήτου· |
| 1:19 | καὶ πάντες οἱ βασιλεῖς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ οὐκ ἠγάγοσαν πάσχα τοιοῦτον οἷον ἥγαγεν Ἰωσείας καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευεῖται καὶ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι καὶ πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ ὁ εὑρεθεὶς ἐν τῇ κατοικήσει αὐτῶν ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ. |
| 1:20 | ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ ἔτει βασιλεύοντος Ἰωσείου ἤχθη τὸ πάσχα τοῦτο. |
| 1:21 | καὶ ὠρθώθη τὰ ἔργα Ἰωσείου ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ ἐν καρδίᾳ πλήρει εὐσεβείας. |
| 1:22 | καὶ τὰ κατʼ αὐτὸν δὲ ἀναγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν χρόνοις, περὶ τῶν ἡμαρτηκότων καὶ ἠσεβηκότων εἰς τὸν κύριον παρὰ πᾶν ἔθνος καὶ βασιλείαν, καὶ ἃ ἐλύπησαν αὐτὸν ἔστιν· καὶ οἱ λόγοι τοῦ κυρίου ἀνέστησαν ἐπὶ Ἰσραήλ. |
| 1:23 | Καὶ μετὰ πᾶσαν τὴν πρᾶξιν ταύτην Ἰωσείου συνέβη Φαραὼ βασιλέα Αἰγύπτου ἐλθόντα πόλεμον ἐγεῖραι ἐν Καρκαμὺς ἐπὶ τοῦ Εὐφράτου· καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς ἀπάντησιν αὐτῷ Ἰωσείας. |
| 1:24 | καὶ διεπέμψατο βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου πρὸς αὐτὸν λέγων Τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί ἐστιν, βασιλεῦ τῆς Ἰουδαίας; |
| 1:25 | οὐχὶ πρὸς σέ ἐξαπέσταλμαι ὑπὸ Κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐπὶ γὰρ τοῦ Εὐφράτου ὁ πόλεμός μού ἐστιν· καὶ νῦν Κύριος μετʼ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν, καὶ Κύριος μετʼ ἐμοῦ ἐπισπεύδων ἐστίν· ἀπόστηθι, καὶ μὴ ἐναντιου τῷ κυρίῳ. |
| 1:26 | καὶ οὐκ ἀπέστρεψεν ἑαυτὸν Ἰωσείας ἐπὶ τὸ ἄρμα αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ πολεμεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπιχειρεῖ, οὐ προσέχων ῥήμασιν Ἰερεμίου προφήτου ἐκ στόματος Κυρίου· |
| 1:27 | ἀλλὰ συνεστήσατο πρὸς αὐτὸν πόλεμον ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ Μετααδδοῦς· καὶ κατέβησαν οἱ ἄρχοντες πρὸς βασιλέα Ἰωσείαν. |
| 1:28 | καὶ εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῖς παισὶν αὐτοῦ Ἀποστήσατέ με ἀπὸ τῆς μάχης. ἠσθένησα γὰρ λίαν. καὶ εὐθέως ἀπέστησαν αὐτὸν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς παρατάξεως, |
| 1:29 | καὶ ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὸ ἄρμα τὸ δευτέριον αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἀποκατασταθεὶς εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ μετήλλαξεν τὸν βίον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν τῷ πατρικῷ τάφῳ. |
| 1:30 | καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ἐπένθησαν τὸν Ἰωσείαν· καὶ ἐθρήνησεν Ἱερεμίας ὁ προφήτης ὑπέρ Ἰωσείου, καὶ οἱ προκαθήμενοι σὺν γυναιξὶν ἐθρηνοῦσαν αὐτὸν ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης· καὶ ἐξεδόθη τοῦτο γενέσθαι αἰεὶ εἰς πᾶν τὸ γένος Ἰσραήλ. |
| 1:31 | ταῦτα δὲ ἀναγέγραπται ἐν τῇ βύβλῳ τῶν ἱστορουμέναων περὶ τῶν βασιλέων τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ τὸ καθʼ ἔν πραχθέν τῆς πράξεως Ἰωσείου καὶ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς συνέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου· τά τε πραχθέντα ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ νῦν ἱστόρηται ἐν τῷ βυβλίῳ τῶν βασιλέων Ἰσραὴλ καὶ Ἰούδα. |
| 1:32 | Καὶ ἀναλαβόντες οἱ ἐκ τοῦ ἔθνους τὸν Ἰεχονίαν υἱὸν Ἰωσείου ἀνέδειξαν βασιλέα ἀντὶ Ἰωσείου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, ὄντα ἐτῶν εἴκοσι τριῶν. |
| 1:33 | καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ἰσραὴλ καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ μῆνας τρεῖς· καὶ ἀπεκατέστησεν αὐτὸν βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου βασιλεύειν ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ, |
| 1:34 | καὶ ἐζημίωσεν τὸ ἔθνος ἀργυρίου ταλάντοις ἑκατὸν καὶ χρυσίου ταλάντῳ ἑνί. |
| 1:35 | καὶ ἀνέδειξεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Αἰγύππου βασιλέα Ἰωακειμ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ βασιλέα τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ. |
| 1:36 | καὶ ἔδησεν Ἰωακεὶμ τοὺς μεγιστᾶνας, Ζάριον δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ συλλαβὼν ἀνήγαγεν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου. |
| 1:37 | Ἐτῶν δὲ ἦν εἶκοσι πέντε Ἰωακεὶμ ὅτε ἐβασίλευσεν τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ, καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου. |
| 1:38 | τʼ αὐτὸν δὲ ἀνέβη Ναβουχοδονοσὸρ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτὸν ἐν χαλκείῳ δεσμῷ καὶ ἀπήγαγεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα. |
| 1:39 | καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν σκευῶν τοῦ κυρίου λαβὼν Ναβουχοδονοσὸρ καὶ ἀπενέγκας ἀπηρείσατο ἐν τῷ ναῷ αὐτοῦ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι. |
| 1:40 | τὴ δὲ ἱστορηθέντα περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκαθαρσίας καὶ δυσσεβείας ἀναγέγραπται ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τῶν χρόνων τῶν βασιλέων. |
| 1:41 | Καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ Ἰωακεὶμ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ· ὅτε γὰρ ἀνεδείχθη, ἦν ἐτῶν ὀκτώ. |
| 1:42 | βασιλεύει δὲ μῆνας τρεῖς καὶ ἡμέρας δέκα ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ, καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἔναντι Κυρίου. |
| 1:43 | Καὶ μετʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἀποστείλας Ναβουχοδονοσὸρ μετήγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ἄμα τοῖς ἱεροῖς σκεύεσιν τοῦ κυρίου, |
| 1:44 | καὶ ἀνέδειξε Σεδεκίαν βασιλέα τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ. Σεδεκίαν ὄντα ἐτῶν εἶκοσι ἑνός· βασιλεύει δὲ ἔτη ἕνδεκα. |
| 1:45 | καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ πονηρὸν ἐνώπιον Κυρίου, καὶ οὐκ ἐνετράπη ἀπὸ τῶν ὸηθέντων λόγων ὑπὸ Ἰερεμίωυ τοῦ προφήτου ἐκ στόματος τοῦ κυρίου. |
| 1:46 | καὶ ὁρκισθεὶς ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως Ναβουχοδονοσὸρ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου, ἐφιορκήσας ἀπέστη, καὶ σκληρύνας αὐτοῦ τὸν τράχηλον καὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ παρέβη τὰ νόμιμα Κυρίου θεοῦ Ἰσραήλ. |
| 1:47 | καὶ οἱ ἡγούμενοι δὲ τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ τῶν ἱερέων πολλὰ ἠσέβησαν καὶ ἠνόμησαν ὑπέρ πάσας τὰς ἀκαθαρσίας πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἐμίαναν τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ κυρίου τὸ ἁγιαζόμενον ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ. |
| 1:48 | καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου αὐτοῦ μετακαλέσαι αὐτούς, καθὸ ἐφείδετο αὐτῶν καὶ τοῦ σκηνώματος αὐτῦ. |
| 1:49 | αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐμυκτήρισαν ἐν τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ, καὶ ᾖ ἡμέρᾳ ἐλάλησεν Κύριος, ἦσαν ἐκπαίζοντες τοὺς προφήτας αὐτοῦ· (52)ἕως οὗ θυμῶντα αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ ἔθνει αὐτοῦ διὰ τὰ δυσσεβήματα προστάξαι ἀναβιβάσαι ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς τοὺς βασιλεῖς τῶν Χαλδαίων. |
| 1:50 | οὗτοι ἀπέκτειναν τοὺς νεανίσκους αὐτῶν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ περικυκλῶ τοῦ ἁγίου ἱεροῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐφείσαντο νεανίσκου καὶ παρθένου καὶ πρεσβύτου καὶ νεαντέρου, (54)ἀλλὰ πάοτας παρέδωκασ εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῶν, |
| 1:51 | καὶ πάντα τὰ ἱερὰ σκεύη τοῦ κυρίου, τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρά, καὶ τὰς κιβωτοὺς τοῦ κυρίου καὶ τὰς βασιλικὰς ἀποθήκας ἀναλαβόντες ἀπήνεγκαν εἰς Βαβυλώνα. |
| 1:52 | καὶ ἐνεπύρισαν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ ἔλυσαν τὰ τείχη Ἰερουσαλήμ, καὶ τοὺς πύργους αὐτῆς ἐνεπύρισαν ἐν πυρί, |
| 1:53 | καὶ συνετέλεσαν πάντα τὰ ἔνδοξα αὐτῆς ἀχρεῶσαι· καὶ τοὺς ἐπιλοίπους ἀπήγαγεν μετὰ όομφαίας εἰς Βαβυλώνα. |
| 1:54 | καὶ ἦσαν παῖδες αὐτῷ καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ μέχρι οὗ βασιλεῦσαι Ιέρσας, εἰς ἀναπλήρωσιν τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ κυρίου ἐν στόματι Ἰερεμίου |
| 1:55 | Ἕως τοῦ εὐδοκῆσαι τὴν γῆν τὰ σάββατα αὐτῆς, πάντα τὸν χρόνον τῆς ἐρημώσεως αὐτῆς σαββατιεῖ εἰς συνπλήρωσιν ἐτῶν ἑβδομήκοντα. |
Provenance
- title
- I Esdras 1 (Greek, Swete)
- dialect
- greek
- source
- Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; I Esdras 1; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md)
- licence
- CC-BY-SA 4.0 — Swete's Greek text via the Open Greek and Latin Project (First1KGreek, urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527) and the tokenised edition nathans/lxx-swete, both CC BY-SA 4.0 (repository README + upstream license.md, read 2026-09-10; outputs/REPORT-W2-terms.md, LICENCES.md §12.1)
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/I Esdras/01.greek.swete.L0.txt
L0 witness
Cite as:
I Esdras 1 (Greek, Swete). Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; I Esdras 1; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md). Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/i-esdras/01.greek.swete/. Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.