Source and licence
share: attributiongreekSource: Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; I Esdras 4; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md)
Attribution: Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 — Swete's Greek text via the Open Greek and Latin Project (First1KGreek, urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527) and the tokenised edition nathans/lxx-swete, both CC BY-SA 4.0 (repository README + upstream license.md, read 2026-09-10; outputs/REPORT-W2-terms.md, LICENCES.md §12.1)
The text
62 lines · a line number is a link to itself| ref | L0 witness |
|---|---|
| 4:1 | Καὶ ἤρξατο ὁ δεύτερος λαλεῖν ὁ εἴπας περὶ τῆς ἰσχύος τοῦ βασιλέως |
| 4:2 | Ὦ ἄνδρες, οὐχ ὑπερι σχύουσιν οἱ ἄνθραωποι, τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν κατακρατοῦντες καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς; |
| 4:3 | ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ὑπερισχύει καὶ κυριεύει αὐτῶν καὶ δεσπόζει αὐτῶν, καὶ πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν εἴπῃ αὐτοῖς ἐνακούουσιν. |
| 4:4 | ἐὰν εἴπῃ αὐτοῖς ποιῆσαι πόλεμον ἕτερος πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον, ποιοῦσιν· ἐὰν δὲ ἐξαποστείλῃ αὐτοὺς πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, βαδίζουσιν καὶ κατεργάζονται τὰ ὄρη καὶ τὰ τείχη καὶ τοὺς πύργους. |
| 4:5 | φονεύουσιν καὶ φονεύονται, καὶ τὸν λόγον τοῦ βασιλέως οὐ παραβαίνουσιν· ἐὰν δὲ νικήσωσιν, τῷ βασιλεῖ κομίζουσιν πάντα, καὶ ἐὰν προνομεύσαωσιν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα. |
| 4:6 | καὶ ὅσοι οὐ στρατεύονται οὐδὲ πολεμοῦσιν ἀλλὰ γεωργοῦσιν τὴν γῆν, πάλιν ὅταν σπείρωσι, θερίσαντες ἀναφέρουσιν τῷ βασιλεῖ· καὶ ἕτερος τὸν ἕτερον ἀναγκάζοντες ἀναφέρουσι τοὺς φόρους τῷ βασιλεῖ. |
| 4:7 | καὶ αὐτὸς εἰ μόνος ἐστίν, ἐὰν εἴπῃ ἀποκτεῖναι, ἀποκτέννουσιν· εἶπεν ἀφεῖναι, ἀφίουσιν· |
| 4:8 | εἶπε πατάξαι, τύπτουσιν· εἶπεν ἐρημῶσαι, ἐρημοῦσιν· εἶπεν οἰκοδομῆσαι, οἰκοδομοῦσιν· |
| 4:9 | εἶπεν ἐκκόψαι, ἐκκόπτουσιν· εἶπεν φυτεῦσαι, φυτεύουσιν· |
| 4:10 | καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ ἐνακούουσιν. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις αὐτὸς ἀνάκειται, ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει καὶ καθεύδει. |
| 4:11 | αὐτοὶ δὲ τηροῦσιν κύκλῳ περὶ αὐτόν, καὶ οὐ δύνανται ἕκαστος ἀπελθεῖν καὶ ποιεῖν τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲ παρακούουσιν αὐτοῦ. |
| 4:12 | ὦ ἄνδρες, πῶς οὐχ ὑπερισχύει ὁ βασιλεὺς ὅτι οὕτως ἐπακουστός ἐστιν; καὶ ἐσίγησεν. |
| 4:13 | Ὁ δὲ τρίτος ὁ εἴπας περὶ τῶν γυναικῶν καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας, οὗτός ἐστιν Ζοροβαβέλ, ἤρξατο λαλεῖν |
| 4:14 | Ἄνδρες, οὐ μέγας ὁ βασιλεύς, καὶ πολλοὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἰσχύεις τίς οὖν ὁ δεσπόζων αὐτῶν, ἢ τίς ὁ κυριεύων; (¹⁵)οὐχ αἱ γυναῖκες; |
| 4:15 | αἱ γυναῖκες ἐγέννησαν τὸν βασιλέα καὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν ὃς κυριεύει τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ τῆς γῆς· |
| 4:16 | καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐγένοντο, καὶ αὗται ἐξέθρεψαν αὐτοὺς τοὺς φυτεύσαντας τοὺς ἀμπελῶνας ἐξ ὦν ὁ οἶνος γίνεται, |
| 4:17 | καὶ αὗται ποιοῦσιν τὰς στολὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ αὗται ποιοῦσιν δόξαν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, καὶ οὐ δύνανται οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι χωρὶς τῶν γυναικῶν. |
| 4:18 | ἐὰν δὲ συναγάγωσιν χρυσίον καὶ ἀργύριον καὶ πᾶν πρᾶγμα ὡραῖον, καὶ ἴδωσιν γυναῖκα μίαν καλὴν τῷ εἴδει καὶ τῷ κάλλει, ¹⁹καὶ ταῦτα πάντα ἀφέντες εἰς αὐτὴν κέχηναν, καὶ χάσκοντες τὸ στόμα θεωροῦσιν αὐτήν, καὶ πάντες αὐτὴν αἱρετίζουσιν μᾶλλον ἢ τὸ χρυσίον καὶ τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ πᾶν πρᾶγμα ὡραῖον. |
| 4:20 | ἄνθρωπος τὸν ἑαυτοῦ πατέρα ἐνκαταλείπει ὃς ἐξέθρεψεν αὐτὸν καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν χώραν, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν γυναῖκα κολλᾶται, |
| 4:21 | καὶ μετὰ τῆς γυναικὸς ἀφίησι τὴν ψυχήν, καὶ οὔτε τὸν πατέρα μέμνηται οὔτε τὴν μητέρα οὔτε τὴν χώραν. |
| 4:22 | καὶ ἐντεῦθεν δεῖ ὑμᾶς γνῶναι ὅτι αἱ γυναῖκες κυριεύουσιν ὑμῶν· οὐχὶ πονεῖτε καὶ μοχθεῖτε, καὶ πάντα ταῖς γυναιξὶν δίδοτε καὶ φέρετε; |
| 4:23 | καὶ λαμβάνει ἄνθρωπος τὴν ῥομφαίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκπορεύεται ἐξοδεύειν καὶ λῃστεύειν καὶ κλέπτειν, καὶ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν πλεῖν καὶ ποταμούς, |
| 4:24 | καὶ τὸν λέοντα θεωρεῖ, καὶ ἐν σκότει βαδίζει· καὶ ὅταν κλέψῃ καὶ ἁρπάσῃ καὶ λωποδυτήσῃ, τῇ ἐρωμένῃ ἀποφέρει. |
| 4:25 | καὶ πλεῖον ἀγαπᾷ ἄνθρωπος τὴν ἰδίαν γυναῖκα μᾶλλον ἢ τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα. |
| 4:26 | καὶ πολλοὶ ἀπενοήθησαν ταῖς ἰδίαις διανοίαις διὰ τὰς γυναῖκας, καὶ δοῦλοι ἐγένοντο δι᾿ αὐτάς· |
| 4:27 | καὶ πολλοὶ ἀπώλοντο καὶ ἐσφάλησαν καὶ ἡμάρτοσαν διὰ τὰς γυναῖκας. |
| 4:28 | καὶ νῦν οὐ πιστεύετέ μοι; οὐχὶ μέγας ὁ βασιλεὺς τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ αὐτοῦ; οὐχὶ πᾶσαι αἱ χῶραι εὐλαβοῦνται ἅψασθαι αὐτοῦ; |
| 4:29 | ἐθεώρουν αὐτὸν καὶ Ἀπάμην τὴν θυγατέρα Βαρτάκου τοῦ θαυμαστοῦ τὴν παλλακὴν τοῦ βασιλέως καθημένην ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ βασιλέως, |
| 4:30 | καὶ ἀφαιροῦσαν τὸ διάδημα ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐπιτιθοῦσαν αὑτῇ· καὶ ἐράπιζεν τὸν βασιλέα τῇ ἀριστερᾷ. |
| 4:31 | καὶ πρὸς τούτοις ὁ βασιλεὺς χάσκων τὸ στόμα ἐθεώρει αὐτήν· καὶ ἐὰν γελάσῃ αὐτῷ, γελᾷ· ἐὰν δὲ πικρανθῇ ἐπʼ αὐτόν, κολακεύει αὐτὴν ὅπως διαλλαγῇ αὐτῷ. |
| 4:32 | ὦ ἄνδρες, πῶς οὐκ ἰσχυραὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ὅτι οὕτως πράσσουσιν; |
| 4:33 | καὶ τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ οἱ μεγιστᾶνες ἔβλεπον εἷς τὸν ἕτερον. καὶ ἤρξατο λαλεῖν περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας |
| 4:34 | Ἄνδρες. οὐκ ἰσχυραὶ αἱ γυναῖκες; μεγάλη ἡ γῆ, καὶ ὑψηλὸς ὁ οὐρανός, καὶ ταχὺς τῷ δρόμῳ ὁ ἥλιος, ὅτι στρέφεται ἐν τῷ κύκλῳ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ πάλιν ἀποτρέχει εἰς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ τόπον ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ. |
| 4:35 | οὐχὶ μέγας ὃς ταῦτα ποιεῖ; καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια μεγάλη καὶ ἰσχυροτέρα παρὰ πάντα. |
| 4:36 | πᾶσα ἡ γῆ τὴν ἀλήθειαν καλεῖ, καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς αὐτὴν εὐλογεῖ, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα σείεται καὶ τρέμει, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἄδικον οὐθέν. |
| 4:37 | ἄδικος ὁ οἶνος, ἄδικος ὁ βασιλεύς, ἄδικοι αἱ γυναῖκες, ἄδικοι πάντες οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἄδικα πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν, πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα· καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀλήθεια, καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀδικίᾳ αὐτῶν ἀπολοῦνται. |
| 4:38 | καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια μένει καὶ ἰσχύει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, καὶ ζῇ καὶ κρατεῖ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος. |
| 4:39 | καἰ οὐκ ἔστιν παρʼ αὐτὴν λαμβάνειν πρόσωπα οὐδὲ διάφορα, ἀλλὰ τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἀδίκων καὶ πονηρῶν· καὶ πάντες εὐδοκοῦσι τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτῆς, |
| 4:40 | καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῇ κρίσει αὐτῆς οὐθὲν ἄδικον. καὶ αὕτη ἡ ἰσχὺς καὶ τὸ βασίλειον καὶ ἡ ἐξουσία καὶ ἡ μεγαλειότης τῶν πάντων αἰώνων· εὐλογητὸς ὁ θεὸς τῆς ἀληθείας. |
| 4:41 | καὶ ἐσιώπησεν τοῦ λαλεῖν· καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς τότε ἐφώνησεν καὶ τότε εἶπον Μεγάλη ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ὑπερισχύει. |
| 4:42 | Τότε ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶπεν αὐτῷ Αἴτησαι ὃ θέλεις πλείω τῶν γεγραμμένων, καὶ δώσομέν σοι, ὃν τρόπον εὑρέθης σοφώτερος· καὶ ἐχόμενός μου καθήσῃ, καὶ συγγενής μου κληθήσῃ. |
| 4:43 | τότε εἶπεν τῷ βασιλεῖ Μνήσθητι τὴν εὐχὴν ἣν ηὔξω οἰκοδομῆσαι τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ τὸ βασίλειόν σου παρέλαβες, |
| 4:44 | καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη τὰ λημφθέντα ἐξ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ ἐκπέμψαι ἃ ἐχώρισεν Κῦρος, ὅτε ηὔξατο ἐκκόψαι Βαβυλῶνα, καὶ ηὔξατο ἐξαποστεῖλαι ἐκεῖ |
| 4:45 | καὶ σὺ εὔξω οἰκοδομῆσαι τὸν ναὸν ὃν ἐνεπύρισαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ὅτε ἐρημώθη ἡ Ἰουδαία ὑπὸ τῶν Χαλδαίων. |
| 4:46 | καὶνῦν τοῦτό ἐστιν ὅσα ἀξιῶ, κύριε βασιλεῦ, καὶ ὁ αἰτοῦμαί σε, καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μεγαλωσύνη ἡ παρὰ σοῦ· δέομαι οὖν ἵνα ποιήσῃς τὴν εὐχὴν ἣν ηὔξω τῷ βασιλεῖ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ποιῆσαι ἐκ στόματός σου. |
| 4:47 | Τότε ἀναστὰς Δαρεῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς κατεφίλησεν αὐτόν, καὶ ἔγραψεν αὐτῷ τὰς ἐπιστολὰς πρὸς πάντας οἰκονόμους καὶ τοπάρχας καὶ στρατηγοὺς καὶ σατράπας, ἵνα προπέμψωσιν αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς μετʼ αὐτοῦ πάντας ἀναβαίνοντας οἰκοδομῆσαι τὴν Ἰερουσαλήμ. |
| 4:48 | καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς τοπάρχαις ἐν κοίλῃ Συρίᾳ καὶ Φοινίκῃ καὶ τοῖς ἐν τῷ Λβάνῳ καὶ ἔγραψεν ἐπιστολάς, μεταφέρειν ξύλα κέδρινα ἀπὸ τοῦ Λιβάνου εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ, καὶ ὅπως οἰκοδομήσωσιν μετʼ αὐτοῦ τὴν πόλιν. |
| 4:49 | καὶ ἔγραψεν πᾶσι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις τοῖς ἀναβαίνουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλείας εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν ὑπέρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας, πάντα δυνατὸν καὶ σατράπην καὶ τοπάρχην καὶ οἰκονόμον μὴ ἐπελεύσεσθαι ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας αὐτῶν, |
| 4:50 | καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν χώραν ἣν κρατήσουσιν ἀφορολόγητον αὐτοῖς ὑπάρχειν· καὶ ἵνα οἱ Χαλδαῖοι ἀφίουσι τὰς κώμας ἃς διακρατοῦσιν τῶν Ἰουδαίων· |
| 4:51 | καὶ εἰς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ ἱεροῦ δοθῆναι κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν τάλαντα εἴκοσι μέχρι τοῦ οἰκοδομηθῆναι. |
| 4:52 | καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ὁλοκαυτώματα καρποῦσθαι καθʼ ἡμέραν, καθὰ ἔχουσιν ἐντολὴν ἑπτὰ καὶ δέκα προσφέρειν, ἄλλα τάλαντα, δέκα κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν· |
| 4:53 | καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς προσβαίνουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς Βαβυλωνίας κτίσαι τὴν πόλιν, ὑπάρχειν τὴν ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς τε καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτῶν, καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἱερεῦσι τοῖς προσβαίνουσιν. |
| 4:54 | ἔγραψεν δὲ καὶ τὴν χορηγίαν καὶ τὴν ἱερατικὴν στολὴν ἐν τίνι λατρεύουσιν ἐν αὐτῇ. |
| 4:55 | καὶ τοῖς Λευείταις ἔγραψεν δοῦναι τὴν χορηγίαν ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ᾖ ἐπιτελεσθῇ ὁ οἶκος καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ οἰκοδομηθῆναι. |
| 4:56 | καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς φρουροῦσι τὴν πόλιν, ἔγραψε δοῦναι αὐτοῖς κλήρους καὶ ὀψώνια. |
| 4:57 | καὶ ἐξαπέστειλεν πάντα τὰ σκεύη ἃ ἐχώρισεν Κῦρος ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος· καὶ πάντα ὅσα εἶπεν Κῦρος ποιῆσαι, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπέταξεν ποιῆσαι καὶ ἐξαποστεῖλαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ. |
| 4:58 | Καὶ ὅτε ἐξῆλθεν ὁ νεανίσκος, ἄρας τὸ πρόσωπον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐναντίον Ἰερουσαλὴμ εὐλόγησεν τῷ βασιλεῖ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ (59)λέγων |
| 4:59 | Παρὰ σοῦ νίκη, καὶ παρὰ σοῦ ἡ σοφία, καὶ σὴ ἡ δόξα, καὶ ἐγὼ σὸς οἰκέτης. |
| 4:60 | εὐλογητὸς εἶ, ὃς ἔδωκάς μοι σοφίαν· καὶ σοὶ ὁμολογῶ, δέσποτα τῶν πατέρων. |
| 4:61 | καὶ ἔλαβεν τὰς ἐπιστολὰς καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ πᾶσιν. |
| 4:62 | καὶ εὐλόγησαν τὸν θεὸν τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἄνεσιν καὶ ἄφεσιν |
| 4:63 | ἀναβῆναι καὶ οἰκοδομῆσαι Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν οὗ ὠνομάσθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ· καὶ ἐκωθωνίζοντο μετὰ μουσικῶν καὶ χαρᾶς ἡμέρας ἑπτά. |
Provenance
- title
- I Esdras 4 (Greek, Swete)
- dialect
- greek
- source
- Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; I Esdras 4; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md)
- licence
- CC-BY-SA 4.0 — Swete's Greek text via the Open Greek and Latin Project (First1KGreek, urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527) and the tokenised edition nathans/lxx-swete, both CC BY-SA 4.0 (repository README + upstream license.md, read 2026-09-10; outputs/REPORT-W2-terms.md, LICENCES.md §12.1)
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/I Esdras/04.greek.swete.L0.txt
L0 witness
Cite as:
I Esdras 4 (Greek, Swete). Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; I Esdras 4; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md). Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/i-esdras/04.greek.swete/. Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.