II Kings 2

Bible/Old Testament · II Kings · sahidic · L0 witness · L1 Cairene · L2 Kemetic · English

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Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 12_II_Kings_02

Attribution: II Kings 2 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 12_II_Kings_02, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

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refL0 witnessL1 CaireneL2 KemeticEnglish
2:1ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲣⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲕⲙⲧⲟ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲡⲉ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲙⲛⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲅⲁⲗⲅⲁⲗⲱⲛⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲙⲧⲟ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲅⲁⲗⲅⲁⲗⲱⲛasṡōpi ḋe ère p̀ċois naanalambane ǹhylias xen oukmto ehrai èt̀fe hylias ḋe afmoṡi nem elisaios èvol xen ġalġalōnAnd it came to pass, when the Lord was going to take Eliu with a whirlwind as it were into heaven, that Eliu and Elisaie went out of Galgala.
2:2ⲡⲉϫⲉϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛⲉⲗⲓⲥⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉⲛⲧⲁⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲣⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁⲃⲁⲓⲑⲏⲗ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉϥⲟⲛϩ ⲛϭⲓⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲟⲛϩ ⲛϭⲓⲧⲉⲕⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϫⲉⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁⲕ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲁⲓⲑⲏⲗⲡⲉϫⲉϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛ̀ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲃⲉⲑⲏⲗ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϥ̀ⲟⲛϧ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲟⲛϧ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲧⲁⲭⲁⲕ ⲁⲩⲓ̀ ⲇⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲁⲓⲑⲏⲗpejehylias ǹelissaios je hemsi nak ǹpaima èvol je nta p̀ċois ouahsahni nyi èθravōk ṡa beθyl pejeelisaios naf je f̀onx ǹje p̀ċois ouoh sonx ǹje tekpsiṡy je eṡōp tinavōk takak avì ḋe ehrai ebaiθylAnd Eliu said to Elisaie, Stay here, I pray thee; for God has sent me to Baethel. And Elisaie said, As the Lord lives and thy soul lives, I will not leave thee; so they came to Baethel.
2:3ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲛⲃⲁⲓⲑⲏⲗ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ϣⲁⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉⲉⲛⲉⲁⲕⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁϥⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲡⲉ ϩⲁⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉⲁⲓⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϩⲱ ⲕⲁⲣⲱⲧⲛⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲃⲉⲑⲏⲗ ⲁⲩⲓ̀ ϣⲁ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲉⲁⲕⲉⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁϥⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲕϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲫⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ϧⲁ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲉⲙⲓ ϩⲱ ⲭⲁⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛouoh ǹṡyri ǹniprofytys etxen beθyl avì ṡa elisaios evgō m̀mos naf je eneakemi je p̀ċois f̀nouti nafai ǹpekċois ǹfoou ehrai èt̀fe xa pek·ho pejeelisaios nōou je aiemi hō karōtenAnd the sons of the prophets who were in Baethel came to Elisaie, and said to him, Dost thou know, that the Lord this day is going to take thy lord away from thy head? And he said, Yea, I know it; be silent.
2:4ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉⲁⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲣⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁϩⲓⲉⲣⲓⲭⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉϥⲟⲛϩ ⲛϭⲓⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲕⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲛϩ ϫⲉⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁⲕ ⲁⲩⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϩⲓⲉⲣⲓⲭⲱϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̀ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲁ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲓⲉⲣⲓⲭⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϥ̀ⲟⲛϧ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲕⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲛϧ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲁⲓⲕ ⲁⲩⲓ̀ ⲇⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲓⲉⲣⲓⲭⲱhylias ḋe on pegaf ǹelisaios je hemsi nak ǹpaima èvol je a p̀ċois ouahsahni nyi èθravōk ṡa ierixō pejeelisaios naf je f̀onx ǹje p̀ċois ouoh tekpsiṡy onx je eṡōp tinavōk etakaik avì ḋe ehrai èierixōAnd Eliu said to Elisaie, Stay here, I pray thee; for the Lord has sent me to Jericho. And he said, As the Lord lives and thy soul lives, I will not leave thee. And they came to Jericho.
2:5ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲛϩⲓⲉⲣⲓⲭⲱ ⲁⲩⲱ ϯⲡⲉⲩⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉⲁⲕⲉⲓⲙⲉ ϫⲉⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲁⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ⲁⲓⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲕⲁⲣⲱⲧⲛⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲓⲉⲣⲓⲭⲱ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲡⲟⲩⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲉⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲫⲟⲟⲩ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲕϭⲟⲓⲥ ϧⲁ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ⲁⲓⲉⲙⲓ ⲭⲁⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛouoh ǹṡyri ǹniprofytys etxen ierixō ouoh tipououoi èxoun eelisaios pegav naf je akemi je ǹfoou p̀ċois f̀nouti naanalambane ǹpekċois xa pek·ho pejelisaios nōou je anok hō aiemi karōtenAnd the sons of the prophets who were in Jericho drew near to Elisaie, and said to him, Dost thou know that the Lord is about to take away thy master to-day from thy head? And he said, Yea, I know it; hold your peace.
2:6ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲙⲁ ϫⲉⲛⲧⲁⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲣⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉϥⲟⲛϩ ⲛϭⲓⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲕⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲛϩ ϫⲉⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲁⲁⲕ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲇⲉ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁ ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲁⲃⲱⲕ ϣⲁ ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϥ̀ⲟⲛϧ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲕⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲛϧ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲁⲓⲕ ⲁⲩⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲇⲉ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲙ̀ⲡ̀ⲥ̀ⲛⲁⲩhylias ḋe on pegaf naf je hemsi nak ǹpaima je nta p̀ċois gos nyi èθravōk ṡa piordanys ouoh elisaios pegaf naf je f̀onx ǹje p̀ċois ouoh tekpsiṡy onx je eṡōp tinavōk etakaik avmoṡi ḋe hi ousop m̀p̀·s̀navAnd Eliu said to him, Stay here, I pray thee, for the Lord has sent me to Jordan. And Elisaie said, As the Lord lives and thy soul lives, I will not leave thee: and they both went on.
2:7ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲁⲓⲟⲩ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲛⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲁⲩⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲩⲙⲧⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲩⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲓϫⲙⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲁⲓⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲛ̀ϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲁⲩⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲉⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡ̀ⲥ̀ⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲩⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥouoh taiou ǹrōmi èt̀ǹṡyre ne ǹniprofytys avmoṡi nemaou avaheratou ǹp̀ouei ǹpoum̀θo èvol ǹθōou ḋe m̀p̀·s̀nav avaheratou hijen piordanysAnd fifty men of the sons of the prophets went also, and they stood opposite afar off: and both stood on the bank of Jordan.
2:8ⲁⲩⲱ ϩⲏⲧⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲗⲱⲧⲏ ⲁϥⲥⲉϩⲥⲱϩⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲣⲉϩⲧⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ ⲁⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲡⲱⲣϫ ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲁⲙⲛ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϫⲓⲟⲣ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲙⲡⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲏⲧⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲗⲱⲧⲏ ⲁϥⲥⲉϩⲥⲱϩⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲣⲉϩⲧⲫ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ ⲁ ⲫ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲫⲱⲣϫ ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲁⲙⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩϫⲓⲟⲣ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩouoh hytlias afċi ǹtefmelōty afsehsōhs ouoh afrehtf̀mou ǹxyts a f̀mou fōrg èpisamn fai ouoh avjior hi ousop ǹp̀petṡouṡouAnd Eliu took his mantle, and wrapped it together, and smote the water: and the water was divided on this side and on that side, and they both went over on dry ground.
2:9ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲉϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ϣⲁⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡⲉⲕⲛⲁ ⲕⲱⲃ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲓⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲟⲩϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲉϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛ̀ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲧⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲓ ϣⲁ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲁ ⲕⲱⲃ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲓètaoujioor ḋe pejehylias ǹelisaios je aitei m̀moi ǹouhōb ettyif nak m̀patouanalambane m̀moi ṡa pek·ho pejeelisaios naf je mare pekna kōb ehrai ègōiAnd it came to pass while they were crossing over, that Eliu said to Elisaie, Ask what I shall do for thee before I am taken up from thee. And Elisaie said, Let there be, I pray thee, a double portion of thy spirit upon me.
2:10ⲡⲉϫⲉϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉⲁⲕⲣϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉⲡϣⲓⲉⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲉⲩⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ϩⲁⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲉⲡϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉⲩⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙ ⲛⲛⲉⲡⲉⲓϩⲱⲃ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ [...]ⲡⲉϫⲉϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲉⲣϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϣⲓⲉⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲓ ⲉⲩⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲓ ϧⲁ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉ ⲡ̀ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉⲩⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲃ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ […]pejehylias naf je akerhouo èp̀ṡieaitei akṡannav èroi evanalamba m̀moi xa pek·ho ère p̀ṡōpi nak evlamvane ḋe m ǹnepaihōb ṡōpi nak […]And Eliu said, Thou hast asked a hard thing: if thou shalt see me when I am taken up from thee, then shall it be so to thee; and if not, it shall not be so.
2:11ⲁⲩⲡⲟⲣϫⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲕⲙⲧⲟ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲡⲉⲁⲩⲫⲟⲣϫⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϯⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲁⲛⲁⲗⲁⲙⲃⲁⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲙⲧⲟ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲫⲉavforgou èvol ǹnoueryou ǹtiounou avanalambane ǹhylias xen oukmto ehrai èt̀feAnd it came to pass as they were going, they went on talking; and, behold, a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and it separated between them both; and Eliu was taken up in a whirlwind as it were into heaven.
2:12ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲡⲁⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲟⲭⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲓ︤ⲏ︦ⲗ︥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϥϩⲓⲡⲡⲉⲩⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ϭⲉ ⲁⲩⲗⲟ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥϯⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲛⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲓⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲁⲁⲩ ⲙⲡⲟϭⲉ ⲥⲛⲧⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲱϣ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲟⲭⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲣⲁⲏⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϥϩⲓⲡⲡⲉⲩⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲩⲗⲟ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̀ϯⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲁϥϯⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲓⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲫⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲁⲓⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟϭⲉ ⲥ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯelisaios ḋe nafnav ouoh afōṡ èvol efgō m̀mos je paiōt penioxos ǹpisrayl ouoh pefhippevs ouoh oun avlo efnav èrof ǹtiounou aftitootf ǹnefhoite affahou afaiou ǹpoċe s̀noutiAnd Elisaie saw, and cried, Father, father, the chariot of Israel, and the horseman thereof! And he saw him no more: and he took hold of his garments, and rent them into two pieces.
2:13ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲙⲉⲗⲱⲧⲏ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲉ ⲉϫⲛⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲕⲧⲟϥ ⲁϥⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ϩⲓϫⲙⲡⲉⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲗⲱⲧⲏ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲉⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲕⲧⲟϥ ⲁϥⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥouoh aftōoun ehrai ǹt̀melōty ǹhylias θai etas·hei èjen elisaios ouoh afktof afaheratf hijen p̀·spotou ǹpiordanysAnd Elisaie took up the mantle of Eliu, which fell from off him upon Elisaie; and Elisaie returned, and stood upon the brink of Jordan;
2:14ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲙⲉⲗⲱⲧⲏ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲣⲉϩⲧⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲡⲱⲣϫ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲛ ⲛϭⲓⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁϥⲣⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲕⲁⲓⲥⲟⲡ ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣϫ ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲥⲁ ⲙⲛⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩⲁϥϭⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲗⲱⲧⲏ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲧⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲉⲓ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲣⲉϩⲧⲫ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉϥⲫⲱⲣϫ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϥⲑⲱⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁϥⲣⲁϩⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲕⲁⲓⲥⲟⲡ ⲁⲩⲫⲱⲣϫ ⲉ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩafċi ǹt̀melōty ǹhylias tetas·hei ehrai ègōf ouoh afrehtf̀mou ǹxyts ouoh f̀mou ǹpeffōrg pejeelisaios je tinou oun efθōn ǹje f̀nouti ǹhylias tinou ḋe ǹθof pe f̀nouti m̀moou ǹeiooue afrahtou ǹkaisop avfōrg èpaisa nem fai elisaios ḋe afjioor m̀mōouand he took the mantle of Eliu, which fell from off him, and smote the water, and said, Where is the Lord God of Eliu? and he smote the waters, and they were divided hither and thither; and Elisaie went over.
2:15ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛϭⲓⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲛϩⲓⲉⲣⲓⲭⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ ϫⲉⲡ︤ⲛ︦ⲁ︥ ⲛϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲁϥⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉϫⲛⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲛ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲓⲉⲣⲓⲭⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲁϥⲙ̀ⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥavnav ḋe èrof ǹje ǹṡyri ǹniprofytys etxen ierixō pegav ǹnoueryou je p̀na ǹhylias afm̀ton m̀mof èjen elisaiosAnd the sons of the prophets who were in Jericho on the opposite side saw him, and said, The spirit of Eliu has rested upon Elisaie. And they came to meet him, and did obeisance to him to the ground.
2:19ⲧⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲑⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲙⲙⲟⲩⲛⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲛϥϯⲟⲩⲱ ⲁⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓⲧ̀ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲙⲟⲩⲛⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲛ̀ϥϯⲟⲩⲱ ⲁⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓt̀polis nanef kata f̀ryti ète p̀ċois nōou èrof ǹmouneiooue ḋe sehoou ouoh p̀kahi ǹftiouō an ehraiAnd the men of the city said to Elisaie, Behold, the situation of the city is good, as our lord sees; but the waters are bad, and the ground barren.
2:20ⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉϫⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϩⲩⲇⲣⲓⲁ ⲛⲃⲣⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲛⲉϫϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϫⲓⲧⲥ ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥⲡⲉϫⲉⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ϭⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲩⲇⲣⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲃⲣⲣⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϭⲓⲧⲥ ⲁⲩⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥpejeelisaios nōou je ċi nyi ǹoukouji ǹhiḋria ǹvrre ǹtetenneghmou ehrai èros avċits avìni m̀mos nafAnd Elisaie said, Bring me a new pitcher, and put salt in it. And they took one, and brought it to him.
2:21ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲙⲙⲁ ⲛϩⲁⲧⲉ ⲛⲙⲙⲟⲩⲛⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁϥⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲡⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉⲛⲉⲓⲙⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲗϭⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓ[...]ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲗⲓⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲁϥⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ⲛ̀ⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ϧⲁϯ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲙⲟⲩⲛⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁϥⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϩⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲙⲁ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲙⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲗϭⲟⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ̀ⲓ̀[…]ouoh elisaios aftōoun afì èvol èǹma ǹxati ǹǹmouneiooue afnouje ǹp̀hmou èp̀ma ète m̀mav efgō m̀mos je nai nète p̀ċois gō m̀mōou je naimooue aitalċoou ouoh àì[…]And Elisaie went out to the spring of the waters, and cast salt therein, and says, Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters; there shall not be any longer death thence or barren land.

Provenance

L0 witness

title
II Kings 2
dialect
sahidic
source
Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 12_II_Kings_02
licence
CC-BY-SA 4.0
share
attribution
attribution
II Kings 2 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 12_II_Kings_02, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation
segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
file
Bible/Old Testament/II Kings/02.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt

L1 Cairene

title
II Kings 2 — Cairene
dialect
bohairic
source
generated from 02.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 12_II_Kings_02)
licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
share
attribution
attribution
II Kings 2 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 12_II_Kings_02, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation
segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by
tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: abbrev=2 editorial_lacuna=2 stroke_unified=6 th_resolved=1 tokens=353
file
Bible/Old Testament/II Kings/02.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt

L2 Kemetic

title
II Kings 2 — Kemetic
dialect
bohairic
source
generated from 02.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
share
attribution
attribution
II Kings 2 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 12_II_Kings_02, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation
segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by
tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file
Bible/Old Testament/II Kings/02.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt

English

what it is
DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines
18 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from
Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 12_II_Kings_02 (18 lines)

Cite as:

II Kings 2. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 12_II_Kings_02. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/ii-kings/02.sahidic.scriptorium/. II Kings 2 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 12_II_Kings_02, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.