23_Isaias_18 — Coptic · Cairene

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Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 23_Isaias_18

Attribution: 23_Isaias_18 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 23_Isaias_18, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Full provenance and citation

The text

7 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
18:1	ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲧⲉⲛϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲉϫⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲥⲁⲙⲉⲛϩⲏ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲓⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯⲑⲉⲟ̀ⲛⲓⲁ̀ .	ⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲧⲉⲛϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲉϫⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲥⲁⲙⲉⲛϩⲏ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲓⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϯⲑⲉⲟ̀ⲛⲓⲁ̀.	ouoi ǹnitenh ǹte niejyou ǹte p̀kahi samenhy ǹniiarōou ǹte tiθeònià.	Woe to you, ye wings of the land of ships, beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.
18:2	ⲫⲏⲉⲑⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ϧⲉⲛⲫ̀ⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲉⲙϩⲁⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ϫⲱⲙ ⲥⲁⲡ̀ϣⲱⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ϣⲉⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϫⲉϩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲁ̀ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩ ϩⲁⲟⲩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲩⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉϥϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲥⲁⲙ̀ⲛⲏ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϣ̀ⲗⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ⲁⲩϩⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ .	Ⲫⲏⲉⲑⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ϫⲱⲙ ⲥⲁⲡ̀ϣⲱⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ϣⲉⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲁ̀ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩ ϩⲁ ⲟⲩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲉϥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉϥϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲥⲁⲙ̀ⲛⲏ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϣ̀ⲗⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧ̀ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ⲁⲩϩⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ.	Fyeθouōrp xen f̀iom ǹhanṡini nem hanepistoly ǹgōm sap̀ṡōi ǹpimōou ouoh evèṡenōou ǹje hanangelos evàsiṑou ha oueθnos efnyou nem oulaos efhōou nim eθnaìni sam̀ny m̀mof ǹouṡ̀lol ǹat̀·helpis èavhōmi ègōf.	He sends messengers by the sea, and paper letters on the water: for swift messengers shall go to a lofty nation, and to a strange and harsh people. Who is beyond it? a nation not looked for, and trodden down.
18:3	ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲓⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲉⲣ ⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲉⲩϣⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ : ⲧⲟⲩⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲟⲗⲥ ⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ⲁⲩⲟⲗϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲡⲓⲅⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉϥ .	Ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲓⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲉⲩϣⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ: ⲧⲟⲩⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲟⲗⲥ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ⲁⲩⲟⲗϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲡⲓⲅⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉϥ.	Tinou niiarōou ǹte p̀kahi evèer ǹf̀ryti ǹouxōra evṡop ǹxyts: touxōra evèols ǹf̀ryti ǹoumyini èavolf èvol hijen outōou ǹf̀ryti ǹt̀s̀my ǹte ousalpinġos evèsoθmef.	Now all the rivers of the land shall be inhabited as an inhabited country; their land shall be as when a signal is raised from a mountain; it shall be audible as the sound of a trumpet.
18:4	ϫⲉⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲡϭ̅ⲥ̅ ϫⲉⲟⲩⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲉϥⲉ̀ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲟⲩⲕⲁⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϩⲁⲛⲁ̀ⲙⲉⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϭⲏⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲱⲥϧ ⲉ̀ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ .	Ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲉϥⲉ̀ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲓⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛⲁ̀ⲙⲉⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϭⲏⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲱⲥϧ ⲉ̀ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ.	Je pairyti afgos ǹje p̀ċois je outagro efèṡōpi xen taivaki ǹf̀ryti ǹouōini ǹte oukavma ǹte hanàmeri nem ǹf̀ryti ǹouċypi xen pièhoou ǹte p̀ōsx èasṡōpi.	For thus said the Lord to me, There shall be security in my city, as the light of noonday heat, and it shall be as a cloud of dew in the day of harvest.
18:5	ϧⲁϫⲱϥ ⲙ̀ⲡ̀ⲱⲥϧ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϫⲉϯϩ̀ⲣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙϯϣⲉⲗϣⲏⲓⲗⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲱⲗⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥ̀ⲙⲁϩ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲓⲥⲏϥⲓ ⲛ̀ϣⲱⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲕ̀ⲗⲏⲙⲁ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲟⲗⲟⲩ .	Ϧⲁϫⲱϥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲱⲥϧ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ϯϩ̀ⲣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϣⲉⲗϣⲏⲓⲗⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲱ̀ⲗⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥ̀ⲙⲁϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲥⲏϥⲓ ⲛ̀ϣⲱⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲕ̀ⲗⲏⲙⲁ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲟⲗⲟⲩ.	Xagōf ǹp̀ōsx eṡōp asṡangōk èvol ǹje tih̀ryri nem tiṡelṡyili ouoh efèṑli ǹnikouji ǹs̀mah xen nisyfi ǹṡōl ouoh nik̀lyma efèolou.	Before the reaping time, when the flower has been completely formed, and the unripe grape has put forth its flower and blossomed, then shall he take away the little clusters with pruning-hooks, and shall take away the small branches, and cut them off;
18:6	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲛⲓϩⲁⲗⲁϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲟⲩ .	Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲛⲓϩⲁⲗⲁϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲟⲩ.	Ouoh evèθōouti èh̀ryi ègōou ǹje nihalati ǹte t̀fe ouoh niθyrion tyrou ǹte p̀kahi evì ègōou.	And he shall leave them together to the birds of the sky, and to the wild beasts of the earth: and the fowls of the sky shall be gathered upon them, and all the beasts of the land shall come upon him.
18:7	ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ ⲙ̀ⲡϭ̅ⲥ̅ ⲥⲁⲃⲁⲱⲑ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉϥϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ ⲉⲩⲱⲗⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙϣⲁⲡ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲟⲩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲁⲩϩⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ ⲫⲏⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲓⲁⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉϥⲭⲱⲣⲁ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̀ⲡϭ̅ⲥ̅ ⲥⲁⲃⲁⲱⲑ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛⲡ̀ⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲥⲓⲱⲛ .	Ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲇⲱⲣⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲥⲁⲃⲁⲱⲑ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉϥϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ ⲉⲩⲱ̀ⲗⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ϣⲁ ⲡ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲟⲩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧ̀ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲁⲩϩⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ ⲫⲏⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲓⲁⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲭⲱⲣⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲥⲁⲃⲁⲱⲑ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲥⲓⲱⲛ.	Xen pisyou ète m̀mav evèìni ǹhanḋōron ǹte p̀ċois sabaōθ ǹtenoulaos efheghōg evṑli m̀mof èvol nem ǹtenouniṡti ǹlaos isjen tinou nem ṡa p̀·syou ǹte p̀èneh oueθnos ǹat̀·helpis avhōmi ègōf fyetky xen oumeros ǹte f̀iaro ǹte tefxōra xen pima etavmouti èf̀ran ǹp̀ċois sabaōθ m̀mof hijen p̀tōou ǹsiōn.	In that time shall presents be brought to the Lord of hosts from a people afflicted and peeled, and from a people great from henceforth and for ever; a nation hoping and yet trodden down, which is in a part of a river of his land, to the place where is the name of the Lord of hosts, the mount Sion.

Provenance

title: 23_Isaias_18
dialect: bohairic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 23_Isaias_18
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)
share: attribution
attribution: 23_Isaias_18 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 23_Isaias_18, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation ? · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.0.0, 2024-10-31)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Isaiah/18.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: 23_Isaias_18 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 18.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 23_Isaias_18)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 23_Isaias_18 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 23_Isaias_18, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/cairene.py from_witness on the L0 text (L1 = Cairene(N(L0)), RI-038 2026-09-16; RI-029 2026-09-11; DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09: punctuation O-6, jinkim O-3; segmentation-aware jinkim + spelling verdicts from the witness-aligned CoNLL-U segmentation, C3b; 2026-09-09 evening rulings: word division church, "until" base ϣⲁⲧⲉ-, nomina sacra ⲓ̅ⲥ̅/ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦/Ⲑⲥ̅/Ⲩⲥ̅ expanded; numerals and abbreviations resolved by the normalization stage)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Isaiah/18.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: 23_Isaias_18 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 18.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
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attribution: 23_Isaias_18 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 23_Isaias_18, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Isaiah/18.bohairic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 7 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 23_Isaias_18 (7 lines)

Cite as:

23_Isaias_18. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 23_Isaias_18. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/isaiah/18.bohairic.scriptorium/. 23_Isaias_18 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 23_Isaias_18, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.