Source and licence
share: attributiongreekSource: Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; IV Maccabees 1; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md)
Attribution: Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 — Swete's Greek text via the Open Greek and Latin Project (First1KGreek, urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527) and the tokenised edition nathans/lxx-swete, both CC BY-SA 4.0 (repository README + upstream license.md, read 2026-09-10; outputs/REPORT-W2-terms.md, LICENCES.md §12.1)
The text
34 lines · a line number is a link to itself| ref | L0 witness |
|---|---|
| 1:1 | ΦIΔΟΣOΦΩΤΑΤΟΝ λόγον ἐπιδείκνυσθαι μέλλων, εἰ αὐτοδέσποτός ἐστιν τῶν παθῶν ὁ εὐσεβὴς λογισμός, συμβουλεύσαιμʼ ἂν ὑμῖν ὀρθῶς ὅπως προθύμως προσέχητε τῇ φιλοσοφίᾳ. |
| 1:2 | καὶ γὰρ ἀναγκαῖος εἰς ἐπιστήμην παντὶ ὁ λόγος, καὶ ἄλλως τῆς μεγίστης ἀρετῆς, λέγω δὴ φρονήσεως, περιέχει ἔπαινον. |
| 1:3 | εἰ ἄρα τῶν σωφροσύνης κωλυτικῶν παθῶν ὁ λογισμὸς φαίνεται ἐπικρατεῖν, γαστριμαργίας τε καὶ ἐπιθυμίας· |
| 1:4 | ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἐμποδιστικῶν παθῶν κυριεύειν ἀναφαίνεται, οἶον κακοηθείας, καὶ τῶν τῆς ἀνδρίας ἐμποδιστικῶν παθῶν, θυμοῦ τε καὶ πόνου καὶ φόβου. |
| 1:5 | πῶς οὖν, ἴσως εἵποιεν ἄν τινες, εἰ τῶν παθῶν ὁ λογισμὸς κρατεῖ, λήθης καὶ ἀγνοίας οὐ δεσπόζει; γελοῖον ἐπιχειροῦντες λέγειν· |
| 1:6 | οὐ γὰρ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ παθῶν ὁ λογισμὸς κρατεῖ, ἀλλὰ τῶν τῆς δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἀνδρείας καὶ σωφροσύνης καὶ φρονήσεως ἐναντίων· καὶ τούτων, οὐχ ὥστε αὐτὰ καταλῦσαι, ἀλλ᾿ ὥστε αὐτοῖς μὴ εἶξαι. |
| 1:7 | Πολλαχόθεν μὲν οὗν καὶ ἀλλαχόθεν ἔχοιμʼ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπιδεῖξαι, ὅτι αὐτοκράτωρ ἐστὶν τῶν παθῶν ὁ εὐσεβὴς λογισμός. |
| 1:8 | πολὺ δὲ πλέον τοῦτο ἀποδείξαιμι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀνδραγαθείας τῶν ὑπέρ ἀρετὴν ἀποθανόντων, Ἐλεαζάρου τε καὶ ἑπτὰ ἀδελφῶν καὶ τῆς τούτων μητρός. |
| 1:9 | ἄπαντες γὰρ οὗτοι τῶν ἕως θανάτου πόνων ὑπεριδόντες ἐπεδείξαντο ὅτι περικρατεῖ τῶν παθῶν ὁ λογισμός. |
| 1:10 | τῶν μέν οὗν ἀρετῶν ἔπεστί μοι ἐπαινεῖν τοὺς κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν ὑπέρ τῆς καλοκἀγαθίας ἀποθανόντας μετὰ τῆς μητρὸς ἄνδρας· τῶν δὲ τιμῶν μακαρίσαιμʼ ἄν. |
| 1:11 | θαυμασθέντες γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι οὐ μόνον ὑπὸ πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνδρίᾳ καὶ τῇ ὑπομονῇ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν αἰκισαμένων, αἴτιοι κατέστησαν τοῦ καταλυθῆναι τὴν κατὰ τοῦ ἔθνους τυραννίδα, νικήσαντες τὸν τύραννον τῇ ὑπομονῇ, ὥστε καθαρισθῆναι δι᾿ αὐτῶν τὴν πατρίδα. |
| 1:12 | ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τούτου νῦν αὐτίκα δὴ λέγειν ἐξέσται, ἀρξαμένων τῆς ὑποθέσεως, ὅπερ εἴωθα ποιεῖν, καὶ οὕτως εἰς τὸν περὶ αὐτῶν τρέψομαι λόγον, δόξαν διδοὺς τῷ πανσόφῳ θεῷ. |
| 1:13 | Ζητοῦμεν δὴ τοίνυν, εἰ αὐτοκράτωρ ἐστὶν τῶν παθῶν ὁ λογισμός. |
| 1:14 | διακρίνωμεν δέ, τί ποτέ ἐστιν λογισμός, καὶ τί πάθος, καὶ πόσαι παθῶν εἰδέαι, καὶ εἰ πάντων ἐπικρατεῖ τούτων ὁ λογισμός. |
| 1:15 | λογισμὸς μέν δὴ τοίνυν ἐστὶν νοῦς μετὰ ὀρθοῦ βίου προτιμῶν τὸν σοφίας λόγον. |
| 1:16 | σοφία δὴ τοίνυν ἐστὶν γνῶσις θείων καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων, καὶ τῶν τούτων αἰτιῶν. ¹⁷αὕτη δὴ τοίνυν ἐστὶν ἡ τοῦ νόμου παιδία, δι᾿ ἧς τὰ θεῖα σεμνῶς καὶ τὰ ἀνθρώπινα συμφερόντως μανθάνομεν. |
| 1:18 | Τῆς δὲ σοφίας εἰδέαι καθεστᾶσιν φρόνησις καὶ δικαιοσύνη καὶ ἀνδρία καὶ σωφροσύνη. |
| 1:19 | κυριωτάτη δὲ πάντων ἡ φρόνησις, ἐξ ἧς δὴ τῶν παθῶν ὁ λογισμὸς ἐπικρατεῖ |
| 1:20 | παθῶν δὲ φύσεις εἰσὶν αἱ περιεκτικώταται δύο, ἡδονή τε καὶ πόνος· τούτων δὲ ἑκάτερον καὶ περὶ τὴν ψυχὴν πέφυκεν. |
| 1:21 | πολλαὶ δὲ καὶ περὶ τὴν ἡδονὴν καὶ τὸν πόνον παθῶν εἰσιν ἀκολουθίαι. |
| 1:22 | πρὸ μὲν οὗν τῆς ἡδονῆς ἐστιν ἐπιθυμία· μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἡδονήν, χαρά. |
| 1:23 | πρὸ δὲ τοῦ πόνου ἐστὶν φόβος· μετὰ δὲ τὸν πόνον, λύπη. |
| 1:24 | θυμὸς δὲ κοινὸν πάθος ἐστὶν ἡδονῆς καὶ πόνου, ἐὰν ἐννοηθῇ τις ὅτε αὐτῷ περιέπεσεν. |
| 1:25 | ἐν δὲ τῇ ἡδονῇ ἐστιν καὶ ἡ κακοήθης διάθεσις, πολυτροπωτάτη πάντων τῶν παθῶν οὖσα. |
| 1:26 | κατὰ μέν ψυχῆς ἀλαζονία καὶ φιλαργυρία καὶ φιλοδοξία καὶ φιλονεικία καὶ βασκανία· |
| 1:27 | κατὰ δὲ τὸ σῶμα παντοφαγία καὶ λαιμαργία καὶ μονοφαγία. |
| 1:28 | καθάπερ οὗν δυοῖν τοῦ σώματος καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς φυτῶν ὄντων ἡδονῆς τε καὶ πόνου, πολλαὶ τούτων τῶν παθῶν εἰσιν παραφυάδες· |
| 1:29 | ὦν ἕκαστος ὁ πανγέωργος λογισμὸς περικαθαίρων τε καὶ ἀποκνίζων καὶ περιπλέκων καὶ ἐπάρδων καὶ πάντα τρόπον μεταχέων ἐξημεροῖ τὰς τῶν ἠθῶν καὶ παθῶν ὕλας. |
| 1:30 | Ὁ γὰρ λογισμὸς τῶν μέν ἀρετῶν ἐστιν ἡγεμών, τῶν δὲ παθῶν αὐτοκράτωρ. ἐπιθεώρει γε τοίνυν πρῶτον διὰ τῶν κωλυτικῶν τῆς σωφροσύνης ἔργων, ὅτι αὐτοδέσποτός ἐστιν τῶν παθῶν ὁ λογισμός. |
| 1:31 | σωφροσύνη δὴ τοίνυν ἐστὶν ἐπικράτεια τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν. |
| 1:32 | τῶν δὲ ἐπιθυμιῶν αἱ μέν εἰσιν ψυχικαί, αἱ δὲ σωματικαί καὶ τούτων ἀμφοτέρων ὁ λογισμὸς ἐπικρατεῖν φαίνεται. |
| 1:33 | ἐπεὶ πόθεν κινούμενοι πρὸς τὰς ἀπειρημένας τροφάς, ἀποτρεπόμεθα τὰς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἡδονάς; οὐχ ὅτι δύναται τῶν ὀρέξεων ἐπικρατεῖν ὁ λογισμός ; ἐγὼ μέν οἶμαι. |
| 1:34 | τοιγαροῦν ἐνύδρων ἐπιθυμοῦντες καὶ ὀρνέων καὶ τετραπόδων, παντοίων βρωμάτων τῶν ἀπηγορευμένων ἡμῖν κατὰ τὸν νόμον ἀπεχόμεθα διὰ τὴν τοῦ λογισμοῦ ἐπικράτειαν. |
| 1:35 | ἀντέχεται γὰρ τὰ τῶν ὀρέξεων πάθη ὑπὸ τοῦ σώφρονος νοὸς ἀνακαμπτόμενα· καὶ φιλοτιμοῦνται πάντα τὰ τοῦ σώματος κινήματα ὑπὸ τοῦ λογισμοῦ. |
Provenance
- title
- IV Maccabees 1 (Greek, Swete)
- dialect
- greek
- source
- Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; IV Maccabees 1; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md)
- licence
- CC-BY-SA 4.0 — Swete's Greek text via the Open Greek and Latin Project (First1KGreek, urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527) and the tokenised edition nathans/lxx-swete, both CC BY-SA 4.0 (repository README + upstream license.md, read 2026-09-10; outputs/REPORT-W2-terms.md, LICENCES.md §12.1)
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/IV Maccabees/01.greek.swete.L0.txt
L0 witness
Cite as:
IV Maccabees 1 (Greek, Swete). Swete, The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge 1896-1912), via nathans/lxx-swete; IV Maccabees 1; verse table corpus/greek/verses.tsv (tools/greek_verses_index.py, outputs/REPORT-W2-ingest.md). Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/iv-maccabees/01.greek.swete/. Septuagint (Greek Old Testament), The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint, ed. Henry Barclay Swete (Cambridge University Press, 1896-1912). TEI text from the Open Greek and Latin Project, First1KGreek (urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527), CC BY-SA 4.0; tokenised edition lxx-swete by Nathan D. Smith (https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete), CC BY-SA 4.0 (text), MIT (code). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Re-cut into one line per verse by tools/greek_verses_index.py and filed by tools/build_repository.py; the wording is unchanged, and the only renumbering is the Psalter (title = verse 0 and the poem numbered from 1, ruled 2026-09-10; every label Swete prints is kept in corpus/greek/verses.tsv, column swete_verse).
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.