Proverbs 1 — Coptic · Cairene

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Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 20_Proverbs_01

Attribution: Proverbs 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

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33 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
1:1	ⲙⲡⲁⲣϩⲟⲓⲙⲓⲁ ⲛⲥⲟⲗⲟⲙⲱⲛ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲇⲁⲩⲉⲓⲇ ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲣⲣⲣⲟ ϩⲙⲡⲓ︤ⲏ︦ⲗ︥	ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲣϩⲟⲓⲙⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲗⲟⲙⲱⲛ ⲡ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ⲡⲉⲧⲁϥⲣⲣⲣⲟ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲣⲁⲏⲗ	ǹparhoimia ǹsolomōn p̀ṡyri ǹdavid petafrrro xen pisrayl	The Proverbs of Solomon son of David, who reigned in Israel;
1:2	ⲉⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲧⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲙⲛⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⲛⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲙⲛⲧⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ	ⲉⲉⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲃⲱ ⲉⲉⲣⲛⲟⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ	eemi èt̀sofia nem t̀s̀vō eernoin ǹǹsaji ǹt̀m̀ntrmnhyt	to know wisdom and instruction, and to perceive words of understanding;
1:3	ⲉϫⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟ ⲛϩⲉⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲛⲛⲃⲱⲗ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓⲅⲙⲁ ⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ ⲙⲙⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲧⲛⲟⲩϩⲁⲡ	ⲉ̀ϭⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲃⲱⲗ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓⲅⲙⲁ ⲉⲉⲣⲛⲟⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ ⲛ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲛⲟⲩϩⲁⲡ	èċi ǹpekto ǹhansaji nem ǹvōl ǹhanainiġma eernoin ǹouḋikaiosiny ǹmyi ouoh èsoutnouhap	to receive also hard saying, and to understand true justice, and how to direct judgment;
1:4	ϫⲉⲉⲓⲉϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲛⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲙⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ϣⲏⲙ	ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲉ̀ϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ϣⲏⲙ	je eièti ǹoum̀ntremnhyt ǹteǹvalhyt ouoh ouaisθysis nem oumevi ǹte ouṡyri ṡym	that he might give subtlety to the simple, and to the young man discernment and understanding.
1:5	ⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ϥⲛⲁⲣϩⲟⲩⲉⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲡⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉⲛⲁϫⲡⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙⲙⲉ	ⲡ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉ̀ⲛⲁⲓ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲣϩⲟⲩⲉⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲡ̀ⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϩⲙⲙⲉ	p̀·sofos ġar etnasōtem ènai f̀narhouesofos p̀rmnhyt je nagfo naf ǹouhmme	For by the hearing of these a wise man will be wiser, and man of understanding will gain direction;
1:6	ϥⲛⲁⲛⲟⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ ⲙⲛⲟⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉϥϩⲏⲡ ⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲙⲛⲛⲛⲉⲩⲁⲓⲛⲓⲅⲙⲁ	ϥⲛⲁⲉⲣⲛⲟⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲗⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉϥϩⲏⲡ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲓⲛⲓⲅⲙⲁ	fnaernoin ǹouparaboly nem ousaji efhyp ǹsaji ǹǹsofos nem ǹnouainiġma	and will understand a parable, and a dark speech; the saying of the wise also, and riddles.
1:7	ⲧⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲛⲧⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲧⲙⲛⲧⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲛⲁⲁⲁⲥ ⲧⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲙⲛⲧⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲥⲱϣϥ ⲛⲧⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲙⲛⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ	ⲧ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲧⲉ ⲧ̀ϩⲟϯ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲧ̀ⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲛⲁⲥ ⲧ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲧⲉ ⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲥⲱϣϥ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲃⲱ	t̀arṡy ǹt̀sofia te t̀·hoti ǹf̀nouti nanet̀m̀ntrmnhyt ḋe ǹouon niven etnas t̀arṡy ǹtaisθysis te t̀metmainouti ǹàsebys ḋe nasōṡf ǹt̀sofia nem t̀s̀vō	The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom; and there is good understanding to all that practise it: and piety toward God is the beginning of discernment; but the ungodly will set at nought wisdom and instruction.
1:8	ⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲣⲕⲱ ⲛⲥⲱⲕ ⲛⲛⲁⲛⲥⲙⲙⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲁⲩ	ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲭⲱ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲕ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲙⲙⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲩ	sōtem paṡyri èt̀s̀vō ǹpekiōt ouoh m̀perkō ǹsōk ǹnansmme ǹtekmav	Hear, my son, the instruction of thy father, and reject not the rules of thy mother.
1:9	ⲕⲛⲁϫⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲙ ⲛϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲉϫⲛⲧⲉⲕⲁⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲕⲗⲁⲗ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲉⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲕϩ	ⲕⲛⲁϭⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲗⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩ̀ⲙⲟⲧ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲕⲁ̀ⲫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲭⲗⲁⲗ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲉ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲕϩ	knaċi ġar ǹouk̀lom ǹh̀mot èjen tekàfe ouoh ouklal ǹnoub èpekmak·h	For thou shalt receive for thine head a crown of graces, and a chain of gold round thy neck.
1:10	ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϩⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲣⲉϥⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ	ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϩⲁⲛⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉϥⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲡ̀ⲗⲁⲛⲁ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ	paṡyri mpenθrehanrōmi ǹrefernovi p̀lana m̀mok	My son, let not ungodly men lead thee astray, neither consent thou to them.
1:11	ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲉⲡⲥⲱⲡⲕ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲁⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲙⲙⲁⲛ ⲛⲅⲕⲟⲓⲛⲱⲛⲓ ⲉⲡⲉⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ	ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲉⲡⲥⲱⲡⲕ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲟⲓⲛⲱⲛⲉⲓ ⲉ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ	ouḋe mperouōṡ avṡansep·sōpk evgō m̀mos je àmou neman ǹtekkoinōnei èpaixōteb	If they should exhort thee, saying, Come with us, partake in blood, and let us unjustly hide the just man in the earth:
1:12	ⲛⲧⲛϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲡⲕⲁⲛⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϩⲛⲟⲩϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲕⲁⲛⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ	ǹtenhōtp ḋe èp̀kanourōmi ǹḋikeos xen ouċingons	and let us swallow him alive, as Hades would, and remove the memorial of him from the earth:
1:13	ⲛⲧⲛⲟⲙⲕϥ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥⲟⲛϩ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲁⲙⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲛϥⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲣⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓϫⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲧⲛϫⲡⲟ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲛⲕⲁ ⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲛⲙⲉϩⲛⲉⲛⲏⲓ ⲛϣⲱⲗ	ⲛ̀ⲧⲛⲟⲙⲕϥ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥⲟⲛϧ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲙⲉⲛϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϥⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉϥⲣⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲉⲛⲭⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉϩⲛⲉⲛⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ϣⲱⲗ	ǹtnomkf ḋe efonx ǹf̀ryti ǹàmenti ouoh ǹtetenfai ǹpefrpmeeve èvol hijen kahi ǹtetengfo nan ǹnefenkai etnaṡōou ǹtetenmehnenyi ǹṡōl	let us seize on his valuable property, and let us fill our houses with spoils:
1:14	ⲛⲅⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲙⲙⲁⲛⲧⲉⲟⲩⲧⲱⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲕⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲕ̀ⲗⲏⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲁⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ	ǹknouje ǹpekk̀lyros nem maǹte outomi ǹouōt ṡōpi nan	but do thou cast in thy lot with us, and let us all provide a common purse, and let us have one pouch:
1:15	ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲡⲣⲃⲱⲕ ϩⲓⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ ⲛⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲣⲉⲕⲧⲧⲉⲕⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲛⲉⲩϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ	ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲃⲱⲕ ϩⲓ ⲫ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲟⲩ ⲣⲉⲕⲧⲧⲉⲕⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲱⲓⲧ	paṡyri m̀pervōk hi f̀mōit nemaou rekttekoueryte ḋe èvol xen noumōit	go not in the way with them, but turn aside thy foot from their paths:
1:16	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲏⲧ ⲉⲩⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ ⲉⲡⲛⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ	ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲫⲏⲧ ⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩϭⲉⲡⲏ ⲉ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥ̀ⲛⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ	èrenououeryte ġar fyt èoukakia ouoh evċepy èpens̀nof èvol	For their feet run to do evil, and are swift to shed blood.
1:17	ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲡⲣϣϣⲛⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲛϩⲁⲗⲁⲧⲉ ⲉⲡⲣⲁ	ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ̀ⲣϣϣⲛⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲗⲁϯ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲁ	ǹnoup̀rṡṡne ġar an èvol èǹhalati èp̀ra	for nets are not without cause spread for birds.
1:18	ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲧⲉⲭⲉ ⲉϩⲉⲛⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲩϩⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲧⲉⲭⲉ ⲉ̀ϩⲁⲛⲥ̀ⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲩϩⲡⲉⲧϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ	ǹθōou ġar evmeteṡe èhans̀nof evsevhpet·hoou nōou èxoun	For they that are concerned in murder store up evils for themselves; and the overthrow of transgressors is evil.
1:19	ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲡϣⲟⲣϣⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϩⲛⲧⲉⲩⲙⲛⲧⲁⲧϣⲁϥⲧ	ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲡ̀ϣⲟⲣϣⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲟⲩⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲁⲧϣⲁϥⲧ	nai ne ǹmōit ǹouon niven etgōk èvol ǹǹnovi p̀ṡorṡr ḋe ǹǹrōmi ǹparanomos hoou evnatako ġar ǹtoupsiṡy xen toum̀ntatṡaft	These are the ways of all that perform lawless deeds; for by ungodliness they destroy their own life.
1:20	ⲥⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ϩⲛⲛϩⲓⲣ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲛⲧⲥⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϩⲛⲛⲉⲡⲗⲁⲧⲓⲁ ⲥⲉⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲓϫⲛⲛⲕⲟⲟϩ ⲛⲛⲥⲟⲃⲧ	ⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ϩⲓⲣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲧⲥⲡⲁⲣⲣⲏⲥⲓⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲗⲁⲧⲓⲁ ⲥⲉⲧⲁϣⲉⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲕⲟⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲃⲧ	ous̀mou èt̀sofia xen ǹhir ouoh ouentsparrysia xen ǹp̀latia setaṡeoeiṡ ḋe m̀mos hijen ǹkooh ǹǹsovt	Wisdom sings aloud in passages, and in the broad places speaks boldly.
1:21	ϣⲁⲥϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲥⲧⲏⲕ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ϩⲓϫⲛⲙⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲛⲙⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ	ϣⲁ ⲥ̀ϫⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲥⲧⲏⲕ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲧ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ	ṡa s̀gos ḋe estyk ǹhyt hijen ǹpily ǹǹpolis	And she makes proclamation on the top of the walls, and sits by the gates of princes; and at the gates of the city boldly says,
1:22	ϫⲉⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ ϭⲟⲗϫ ⲛⲧⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲓ ϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲁⲑⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲩⲟ ⲛⲣϥⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓ ⲉⲡⲥⲱϣ ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲣⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲁⲩⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲉⲩϭⲏⲡ ⲉϩⲉⲛϫⲡⲓⲟ	ϫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ ϭⲟⲗϫ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϭⲓ ϣⲓⲡⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲩⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲉⲣϥⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲥⲱϣ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲁⲩⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲑⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲩϭⲏⲡ ⲉ̀ϩⲁⲛϫⲡⲓⲟ	je ǹsyou niven èreǹvalhyt ċolg ǹt̀ḋikaiosiny senaċi ṡipe an ǹat·hyt ḋe evoi ǹerfepiθimi èp̀·sōṡ ètaverasebys avmestetaisθysis ouoh avṡōpi evċyp èhangpio	So long as the simple cleave to justice, they shall not be ashamed: but the foolish being lovers of haughtiness, having become ungodly have hated knowledge, and are become subject to reproofs.
1:23	ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ ⲙⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲡⲛⲟⲏ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲥⲁⲃⲱⲧⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲡⲁϣⲁϫⲉ	ⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ϯⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲡ̀ⲛⲟⲏ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ	is hyppe tinagō nōten ǹp̀·saji ǹtap̀noy tinatsavoten ḋe èpasaji	Behold, I will bring forth to you the utterance of my breath, and I will instruct you in my speech.
1:24	ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲓⲡⲣϣⲛⲁϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛϯϩⲧⲏⲧⲛ	ⲉⲡⲓⲇⲏ ⲁⲓⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲓⲡ̀ⲣϣⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϯϩⲧⲏⲧⲉⲛ	epiḋy aimouti erōten m̀petensōtem èroi ouoh aip̀rṡnasaji èvol m̀petentihtyten	Since I called, and ye did not hearken; and I spoke at length, and ye gave no heed;
1:25	ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲥⲧⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲁϣⲟϫⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲣⲁⲧⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲛⲥⲁⲛⲁϫⲡⲓⲟ	ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲁⲧⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲛⲁϫⲡⲓⲟ	alla aretentasθo èvol ǹnasoċni ouoh areteneratsōtem ǹsa nagpio	but ye set at nought my counsels, and disregarded my reproofs;
1:26	ⲉⲧⲃⲉⲡⲁⲓ ϩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲃⲉ ⲛⲥⲁⲡⲉⲧⲛⲧⲁⲕⲟ ϯⲛⲁⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲧⲛ	ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϩⲱ ϯⲛⲁⲥⲱⲃⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲟ ϯⲛⲁⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲡ̀ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲧⲉⲛ	eθve fai hō tinasōvi ǹsa petentako tinaraṡi ḋe m̀mōten erṡanp̀tako ì ègōten	therefore I also will laugh at your destruction; and I will rejoice against you when ruin comes upon you:
1:27	ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲡⲉϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ⲧⲁϩⲉⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ ϩⲛⲟⲩϣⲥⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲡϣⲟⲣϣⲣ ⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲧⲛ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲁⲧⲏⲩ ⲏ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲉⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲧⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲉⲓ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ ⲙⲛⲟⲩⲕⲧⲟ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲛ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲡ̀ϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲧⲁϩⲉ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲥⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ϣⲟⲣϣⲣ ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϩⲁⲧⲏⲩ ⲓⲉ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲡ̀ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲑ̀ⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲓ̀ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲧⲟ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ouoh erṡanp̀ṡ̀θorter tahe θynou xen ouṡsne ǹtep̀ṡorṡr ì ègōten ǹf̀ryti ǹouhatyv ie erṡanp̀tako ì ègōten ouoh erṡanouθ̀lipsis ì nōten m̀mon oukto erōten	yea when dismay suddenly comes upon you, and your overthrow shall arrive like a tempest; and when tribulation and distress shall come upon you, or when ruin shall come upon you.
1:28	ⲥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲙⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲛ ⲛⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲥⲱⲓ ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲙϭⲛⲧ	ⲥ̀ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲧϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϭⲛⲧ	s̀naṡōpi ġar ǹtetnmouti ehrai ouvyi anok ḋe ǹtaṡtemsōtem erōten net·hoou naṡini ǹsōi ǹtouṡtemċnt	For it shall be that when ye call upon me, I will not hearken to you: wicked men shall seek me, but shall not find me.
1:29	ⲁⲩⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉⲧⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲡ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲧⲙⲛⲧⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ	ⲁⲩⲙⲉⲥⲧⲉⲧ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲱⲧⲡ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ	avmestet̀sofia ġar ouoh ǹpousōtp nōou ǹt̀metmainouti	For they hated wisdom, and did not choose the word of the Lord:
1:30	ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲉϣϯϩⲧⲏⲩ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲟϫⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲗⲕϣⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲥⲁⲛⲁϫⲡⲓⲟ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲟⲩⲉϣϯϩⲧⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲁⲩⲗⲕϣⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲛⲁϫⲡⲓⲟ	ouoh m̀peoueṡtihtyou ènasoċni avlkṡa ḋe ǹsa nagpio	neither would they attend to my counsels, but derided my reproofs.
1:31	ⲉⲧⲃⲉⲡⲁⲓ ϭⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲛⲛⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲩϩⲓⲏ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲉⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲙⲛⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲉ	ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲙ̀ⲛⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲉ	eθve fai oun senaouōm ǹǹkarpos ǹpoumōit ouoh senasi ǹtoum̀ntṡafte	Therefore shall they eat the fruits of their own way, and shall be filled with their own ungodliness.
1:32	ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉⲁⲩϫⲓ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲕⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲟⲧⲃⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲛⲟ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲉⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ	ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩϭⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϧⲟⲑⲃⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡ̀ϫⲛⲟ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲉⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ	èvol ġar je avċi ǹhankouji ǹgons senaxoθvou ouoh p̀gno natakenàsebys	For because they wronged the simple, they shall be slain; and an inquisition shall ruin the ungodly.
1:33	ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ϥⲛⲁⲙⲧⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲛⲁϭⲱ ⲁϫⲛϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲙ	ⲡⲉⲧⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲓ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥ̀ⲛⲁϭⲱ ⲛ̀ϩⲟϯ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲧϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ	petsōtem ḋe èroi f̀nam̀ton m̀mof xen oueiryny eftagryout ouoh f̀naċō ǹhoti èvol xen pet·hoou niven	But he that hearkens to me shall dwell in confidence, and shall rest securely from all evil.

Provenance

title: Proverbs 1
dialect: sahidic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 20_Proverbs_01
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Proverbs 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Proverbs/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: Proverbs 1 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 01.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 20_Proverbs_01)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Proverbs 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: abbrev=1 abbrev_unstroked_left=1 lexeme_L1-S-3=1 stroke_unified=3 th_resolved=7 tokens=315
file: Bible/Old Testament/Proverbs/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: Proverbs 1 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 01.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Proverbs 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Proverbs/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 33 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 20_Proverbs_01 (33 lines)

Cite as:

Proverbs 1. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 20_Proverbs_01. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/proverbs/01.sahidic.scriptorium/. Proverbs 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.