Psalms 20 — Coptic · Cairene

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share: attributionsahidic

Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 19_Psalms_020

Attribution: Psalms 20 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_020, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Full provenance and citation

The text

14 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
20:0	ⲉⲡϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲇⲁⲩⲉⲓⲇ	ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡ̀ⲯⲁⲗⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ	èp̀gōk èvol p̀psalmos ǹdavid	draft · highFor the end. The psalm of David.
20:1	ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲣⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ϩⲛⲧⲉⲕϭⲟⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ ϥⲛⲁⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ ϩⲙⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ	ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲕϫⲟⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲑⲉⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ̀ⲙⲁϣⲱ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ	p̀ċois p̀ouro naevfrane xen tekgom ouoh f̀naθelyl èmaṡō xen pekougai	O Lord, the king shall rejoice in thy strength; and in thy salvation he shall greatly exult.
20:2	ⲁⲕϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲕϩⲟⲩⲣⲱⲱϥ ⲙⲡⲥⲟⲡⲥ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ	ⲁⲕϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟⲩⲣⲱⲱϥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϯϩⲟ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ	akti naf ǹp̀ouōṡ ǹpefhyt ouoh m̀pek·hourōōf ǹp̀tiho ǹnefspotou	Thou hast granted him the desire of his soul, and hast not withheld from him the request of his lips. Pause.
20:3	ϫⲉⲁⲕⲧⲣⲉϥⲣϣⲟⲣⲡ ϩⲛⲛⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛⲧⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ ⲁⲕⲕⲱ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲗⲟⲙ ⲉϫⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲡⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲉ	ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲑⲣⲉϥⲣϣⲟⲣⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ ⲁⲕⲭⲱ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲗⲟⲙ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲁ̀ⲫⲉ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲱⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲙⲏⲓ	je akθrefrṡorp xen ǹs̀mou ǹtekm̀ntxristos ḋiapsalma akkō ǹouk̀lom èjen tefàfe èvol xen ouōni ǹmyi	For thou hast prevented him with blessings of goodness: thou has set upon his head a crown of precious stone.
20:4	ⲁϥⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲁⲕⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ϣⲁⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ	ⲁϥⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲁⲕⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ	afaitei m̀mok ǹouōnh aktyif naf ouaṡy ǹèhoou ṡa èneh ouoh ṡa èneh ǹèneh	He asked life of thee, and thou gavest him length of days for ever and ever.
20:5	ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲉⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲕⲛⲁⲕⲱ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛⲟⲩⲥⲁ	ⲟⲩ ⲛⲓϣϯ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲕ̀ⲛⲁⲭⲱ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱ̀ⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲥⲁ	ou niṡti pe pefōou xen pekougai k̀nakō ègōf ǹouṑou nem ousa	His glory is great in thy salvation: thou wilt crown him with glory and majesty.
20:6	ϫⲉⲕⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲙⲟⲩ ϣⲁⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲕⲛⲁⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙⲛⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ	ϫⲉ ⲕ̀ⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲕ̀ⲛⲁⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲕϩⲟ	je k̀nati naf ǹous̀mou ṡa èneh ǹèneh k̀naevfrane m̀mof xen ouraṡi nem pek·ho	For thou wilt give him a blessing for ever and ever: thou wilt gladden him with joy with thy countenance.
20:7	ϫⲉⲡⲣⲣⲟ ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲍⲉ ⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲕⲓⲙ ϩⲙⲡⲛⲁ ⲙⲡⲉⲧϫⲟⲥⲉ	ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲍⲉ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲕⲓⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲧϭⲟⲥⲓ	je p̀ouro helpize èp̀ċois ouoh ǹnefkim xen p̀na ǹpetċosi	For the king trusts in the Lord, and through the mercy of the Highest he shall not be moved.
20:8	ⲉⲩⲉϩⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲕϭⲓϫ ϩⲛⲛⲉⲕϫⲁϫⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲕⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ϩⲉ ⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ	ⲉⲩⲉ̀ϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉⲕϫⲓϫ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲕϫⲁϫⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲕⲟⲩⲓ̀ⲛⲁⲙ ϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲙⲟⲥϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ	evèjimi ètekjig xen nekgaji tyrou èretekouìnam jimi èouon niven etmosti m̀mok	Let thy hand be found by all thine enemies: let thy right hand find all that hate thee.
20:9	ⲉⲕⲉⲕⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲣⲓⲣ ⲛⲕⲱϩⲧ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲙⲧⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲕⲛⲁϣⲧⲣⲧⲱⲣⲟⲩ ϩⲛⲧⲉⲕⲟⲣⲅⲏ ⲛⲧⲉⲟⲩⲥⲁⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲙⲟⲩ	ⲉⲕⲉ̀ⲭⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲑⲣⲓⲣ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲱϩⲧ ⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲕ̀ⲛⲁϣⲧⲉⲣⲑⲱⲣⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲕⲟⲣⲅⲏ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲟⲩⲥⲁⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲙⲟⲩ	ekèkav ǹf̀ryti ǹouθrir ǹtekōht èousyou ǹte pekm̀θo èvol p̀ċois p̀ċois k̀naṡterθōrou xen tekorgy ǹteousate ouomou	Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven at the time of thy presence: the Lord shall trouble them in his anger, and fire shall devour them.
20:10	ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲙⲡⲉⲩⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲩⲥⲡⲉⲣⲙⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ	ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲙⲁ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ	knatako ǹpoukarpos èvol xen p̀kahi ouoh pous̀perma èvol xen ǹṡyri ǹǹrōmi	Thou shalt destroy their fruit from the earth, and their seed from among the sons of men.
20:11	ϫⲉⲁⲩⲣⲓⲕⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲡⲉⲧϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉϩⲉⲛϣⲟϫⲛⲉ ⲉⲛⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ	ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲉ̀ϩⲁⲛⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲉⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲧⲁϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ	je avriki èrok ǹhanpet·hōou avmevi èhansoċni eǹsenaṡtahoou èratou an	For they intended evils against thee; they imagined a device which they shall by no means be able to perform.
20:12	ϫⲉⲕⲛⲁⲕⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲟⲙⲟⲩ ⲕⲛⲁⲥⲟⲃⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲩϩⲟ ϩⲛϩⲉⲛⲥⲉⲉⲡⲉ	ϫⲉ ⲕ̀ⲛⲁⲭⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲉⲩϩⲟⲙⲟⲩ ⲕ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲃϯ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲟ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲥⲉⲡⲓ	je k̀nakō m̀mōou èθrevhomou k̀nasovti ǹpouho xen hansepi	For thou shalt make them turn their back in thy latter end, thou wilt prepare their face.
20:13	ϫⲓⲥⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲛⲧⲉⲕϭⲟⲙ ⲧⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲧⲛⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ ⲛⲛⲉⲕϭⲟⲙ	ϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲕϫⲟⲙ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲱ ⲧⲉⲛⲯⲁⲗⲗⲉⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϫⲟⲙ	ċisi p̀ċois xen tekgom tennagō tenpsallei ǹnekgom	Be thou exalted, O Lord, in thy strength: we will sing and praise thy mighty acts.

Provenance

title: Psalms 20
dialect: sahidic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 19_Psalms_020
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Psalms 20 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_020, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/020.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: Psalms 20 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 020.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 19_Psalms_020)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Psalms 20 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_020, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: th_resolved=1 tokens=117
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/020.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: Psalms 20 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 020.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Psalms 20 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_020, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/020.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 13 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 1 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 20:1 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_020, verse 20:2, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 20:2 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_020, verse 20:3, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 20:3 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_020, verse 20:4, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 20:4 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_020, verse 20:5, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 20:5 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_020, verse 20:6, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · agrees with the number) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 20:6 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_020, verse 20:7, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · agrees with the number) (1 lines)
quoted from: and 7 further credits

Cite as:

Psalms 20. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 19_Psalms_020. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/psalms/020.sahidic.scriptorium/. Psalms 20 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_020, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.