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share: attributionbohairicSource: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_023
Attribution: 19_Psalmi_23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_023, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
The text
11 lines · a line number is a link to itselfEnglish: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.
| ref | L0 witness | L1 Cairene | L2 Kemetic | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23:0 | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ϧⲉⲛⲫ̀ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ | ǹte david xen f̀ouai ǹte nisabbaton | A Psalm for David on the first day of the week. The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof; the world, and all that dwell in it. |
| 23:1 | ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁ ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ: ϯⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ . | ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ: ϯⲟⲓⲕⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ. | pikahi fa p̀ċois pe nem pefgōk èvol: tioikoumeny nem ouon niven etṡop ǹxyts. | A Psalm for David on the first day of the week. The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof; the world, and all that dwell in it. |
| 23:2 | ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲁϥϩⲓⲥⲉⲛϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛⲛⲓⲁ̀ⲙⲁⲓⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲥⲉⲃⲧⲱⲧⲥ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛⲛⲓⲓⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ . | Ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲁϥϩⲓⲥⲉⲛϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲁ̀ⲙⲁⲓⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲥⲉⲃⲧⲱⲧⲥ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲓⲁⲣⲱⲟⲩ. | Ǹθof afhisenti m̀mos èjen niàmaiou ouoh afsevtōts èjen niiarōou. | He has founded it upon the seas, and prepared it upon the rivers. |
| 23:3 | ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣ̀ϣⲉ ⲉ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛⲡ̀ⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲓⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣ̀ⲟ̀ϩⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲁⲧϥ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ . | Ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣ̀ϣⲉ ⲉ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲓⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣ̀ⲟ̀ϩⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲁⲧϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ. | Nim eθnaṡ̀ṡe èh̀ryi èjen p̀tōou ǹp̀ċois ie nim eθnaṡ̀òhi èratf xen pefma eθouab. | Who shall go up to the mountain of the Lord, and who shall stand in his holy place? |
| 23:4 | ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲓϫ: ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ: ⲫⲏⲉⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϭⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥ\'ⲩⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲉⲫⲗⲏⲟ:ⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲉⲣⲁⲛⲁϣ ϧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϣ̀ⲫⲏⲣ . | Ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲓϫ: ⲉϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ: ⲫⲏⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϭⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥ\'ⲩⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲉⲫⲗⲏⲟ: ⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲉⲣⲁⲛⲁϣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥϣ̀ⲫⲏⲣ. | Efouab xennefjig: eftouvyout xenpefhyt: fyète m̀pefċi ǹtef\'yky xenoumeteflyo: y ouoh m̀peferanaṡ xen ouk̀rof ǹte pefṡ̀fyr. | He that is innocent in his hands and pure in his heart; who has not lifted up his soul to vanity, nor sworn deceitfully to his neighbour. |
| 23:5 | ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉϥⲉ̀ϭⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ: ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ | Ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉϥⲉ̀ϭⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ: ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲛⲁⲏⲧ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ | Fai efèċi ǹous̀mou èvol hitenpċois: nem oumeθnayt èvol hiten f̀nouti pefsōtyr | He shall receive a blessing from the Lord, and mercy from God his Saviour. |
| 23:6 | ⲑⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ϯⲅⲉⲛⲉⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲏⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ: ⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁⲡ̀ϩⲟ ⲙ̀ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ . | ⲑⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ϯⲅⲉⲛⲉⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲏⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ: ⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲡ̀ϩⲟ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ. | θai te tigeneà ǹte nyetkōti ǹsapċois: etkōti ǹsa p̀ho ǹf̀nouti ǹiakōb. | This is the generation of them that seek him, that seek the face of the God of Jacob. Pause. |
| 23:7 | ϥⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲱϣⲓ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ: ϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ: ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲱⲟⲩ . | Ϥⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲱϣⲓ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ: ϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ: ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲱ̀ⲟⲩ. | Fai ǹnetenpily èp̀ōṡi niarxōn: ċisi m̀mōten nipily ǹèneh: ouoh efèì èxoun ǹje p̀ouro ǹte p̀ṑou. | Lift up your gates, ye princes, and be ye lifted up, ye everlasting doors; and the king of glory shall come in. |
| 23:8 | ⲛⲓⲙ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲱⲟⲩ . ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲁ̀ⲙⲁϩⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϣ̀ϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ: ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉⲧϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲓⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ . | Ⲛⲓⲙ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲱ̀ⲟⲩ. Ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲁ̀ⲙⲁϩⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϣ̀ϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ: ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉⲧϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲡⲟⲗⲉⲙⲟⲥ. | Nim hōf pe paiouro ǹte p̀ṑou. P̀ċois etàmahi ète ouon ṡ̀gom m̀mof: p̀ċois etjemgom xen nipolemos. | Who is this king of Glory? the Lord strong and mighty, the Lord mighty in battle. |
| 23:9 | ϥⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲱϣⲓ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ: ϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ: ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲱⲟⲩ . | Ϥⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲱϣⲓ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ: ϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲡⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ: ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲱ̀ⲟⲩ. | Fai ǹnetenpily èp̀ōṡi niarxōn: ċisi m̀mōten nipily ǹèneh: ouoh efèì èxoun ǹje p̀ouro ǹte p̀ṑou. | Lift up your gates, ye princes, and be ye lifted up, ye everlasting doors; and the king of glory shall come in. |
| 23:10 | ⲛⲓⲙ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲱⲟⲩ . ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓϫⲟⲙ: ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲱⲟⲩ | Ⲛⲓⲙ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲱ̀ⲟⲩ. Ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓϫⲟⲙ: ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲱ̀ⲟⲩ | Nim hōf pe paiouro ǹte p̀ṑou. P̀ċois ǹtenigom: ǹθof pe p̀ouro ǹte p̀ṑou | Who is this king of glory? The Lord of hosts, he is this king of glory. |
Provenance
- title
- 19_Psalmi_23
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_023
- licence
- CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- 19_Psalmi_23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_023, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- annotation
- segmentation ? · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.0.0, 2024-10-31)
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/023.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt
- title
- 19_Psalmi_23 — Cairene
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from 023.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_023)
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- 19_Psalmi_23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_023, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- generated by
- tools/cairene.py from_witness on the L0 text (L1 = Cairene(N(L0)), RI-038 2026-09-16; RI-029 2026-09-11; DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09: punctuation O-6, jinkim O-3; segmentation-aware jinkim + spelling verdicts from the witness-aligned CoNLL-U segmentation, C3b; 2026-09-09 evening rulings: word division church, "until" base ϣⲁⲧⲉ-, nomina sacra ⲓ̅ⲥ̅/ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦/Ⲑⲥ̅/Ⲩⲥ̅ expanded; numerals and abbreviations resolved by the normalization stage)
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/023.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
- title
- 19_Psalmi_23 — Kemetic
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from 023.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- 19_Psalmi_23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_023, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- generated by
- tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/023.bohairic.scriptorium.L2.txt
- what it is
- DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
- lines
- 11 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 23:7 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_023, verse 23:7, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (2 lines)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 23:1 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_023, verse 23:0, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 23:1 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_023, verse 23:1, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 23:2 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_023, verse 23:2, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 23:3 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_023, verse 23:3, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 23:4 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_023, verse 23:4, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
- quoted from
- and 4 further credits
L0 witness
L1 Cairene
L2 Kemetic
English
Cite as:
19_Psalmi_23. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_023. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/psalms/023.bohairic.scriptorium/. 19_Psalmi_23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_023, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.