19_Psalmi_45 — Coptic · Cairene

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share: attributionbohairic

Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_045

Attribution: 19_Psalmi_45 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_045, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Full provenance and citation

The text

12 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
45:0	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲕⲟⲣⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲛⲏⲉⲧϩⲏⲡ	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲕⲟⲣⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲏⲉⲧϩⲏⲡ	ǹte david èp̀gōk èvol èjen nenṡyri ǹkore eθve nyet·hyp	draft · highOf David. For the end, concerning the sons of Kore, concerning the hidden things.
45:1	ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲁⲙ̀ⲫⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲧⲉⲛϫⲟⲙ: ⲡⲉⲛⲃⲟⲏ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲑ̀ⲗⲩ\'ⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩϫⲉⲙⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲙⲁϣⲱ .	ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲁⲙ̀ⲫⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲧⲉⲛϫⲟⲙ: ⲡⲉⲛⲃⲟⲏ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛⲑ̀ⲗⲩ\'ⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩϫⲉⲙⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲙⲁϣⲱ.	pennouti pe penmam̀fōt nemtengom: penboỳθos pe xennenθ̀li\'is ètavjemten èmaṡō.	God is our refuge and strength, a help in the afflictions that have come heavily upon us.
45:2	ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲫⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣϩⲟϯ: ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲛⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲁ̀ⲙⲁⲓⲟⲩ .	Ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣϩⲟϯ: ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲁ̀ⲙⲁⲓⲟⲩ.	Eθve fai ǹnenerhoti: afṡanṡ̀θorter ǹje p̀kahi ouoh ǹtououōteb ǹje nitōou xen nihyt ǹte niàmaiou.	Therefore will we not fear when the earth is troubled, and the mountains are removed into the depths of the seas.
45:3	ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲛⲓⲙⲱⲟⲩ: ⲁⲩϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲛⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉϥⲁ̀ⲙⲁϩⲓ .	Ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲛⲓⲙⲱⲟⲩ: ⲁⲩϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲁ̀ⲙⲁϩⲓ.	Avōṡ ouoh avṡ̀θorter ǹjenimōou: avṡ̀θorter ǹje nitōou xen pefàmahi.	Their waters have roared and been troubled, the mountains have been troubled by his might. Pause.
45:4	ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲫ̀ⲓⲁⲣⲟ ⲥⲉⲑ̀ⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑ̀ⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲙ̀ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ .	Ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲓⲁⲣⲟ ⲥⲉⲑ̀ⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑ̀ⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ.	Niouoi ǹte f̀iaro seθ̀ro ǹθ̀vaki ǹf̀nouti ounof.	The flowings of the river gladden the city of God: the Most High has sanctified his tabernacle.
45:5	ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁⲛ̀ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲫⲏⲉⲧϭⲟⲥⲓ: ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲕⲓⲙ ϧⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏϯ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲉⲣⲃⲟⲏ̀ⲑⲓⲛ ⲉ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲟ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ .	Ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁⲛ̀ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲫⲏⲉⲧϭⲟⲥⲓ: ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲕⲓⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲏϯ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲉⲣⲃⲟⲏ̀ⲑⲓⲛ ⲉ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲟ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ.	Aftouvo m̀pefmaǹṡōpi ǹjefyetċosi: ouoh f̀nouti ǹnefkim xen tesmyti efèerboỳθin èpes·ho ǹje f̀nouti.	God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved: God shall help her with his countenance.
45:6	ⲁⲩϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ϫⲉϩⲁⲛⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ: ⲁⲩⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲉϩⲁⲛⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ: ⲁϥϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ⲁϥⲕⲓⲙ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ .	Ⲁⲩϣ̀ⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̀ϫⲉϩⲁⲛⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ: ⲁⲩⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲉϩⲁⲛⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ: ⲁϥϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ⲁϥⲕⲓⲙ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ.	Avṡ̀θorter ǹjehaneθnos: avriki ǹjehanmetourōou: afti ǹtefs̀my afkim ǹje p̀kahi.	The nations were troubled, the kingdoms tottered: he uttered his voice, the earth shook.
45:7	ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓϫⲟⲙ ⲁϥⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ: ⲡⲉⲛⲣⲉϥϣⲟⲡⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ .	Ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϫⲟⲙ ⲁϥⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ: ⲡⲉⲛⲣⲉϥϣⲟⲡⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ.	P̀ċois f̀nouti ǹte nigom afky neman: penrefṡopten èrof pe f̀nouti ǹiakōb.	The Lord of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our helper. Pause.
45:8	ⲁⲙⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲛⲓϩ̀ⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛⲓϣ̀ⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁϥⲥⲉⲙⲛⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲏⲉⲧⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲃⲱⲧⲥ ϣⲁⲁⲩⲣⲏϫϥ ⲙ̀ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ .	Ⲁⲙⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲛⲓϩ̀ⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛⲓϣ̀ⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁϥⲥⲉⲙⲛⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲏⲉⲧⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲃⲱⲧⲥ ϣⲁ ⲁⲩⲣⲏϫϥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ.	Amōini ǹtaretennav ènih̀vyouì ǹte p̀ċois niṡ̀fyri ètafsemnytou hijen p̀kahi fyettalċo ǹhanvōts ṡa avrygf ǹp̀kahi.	Come, and behold the works of the Lord, what wonders he has achieved on the earth.
45:9	ⲉϥⲉ̀ϧⲟⲙϧⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲫⲓϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲕⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϩⲟⲡⲗⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲕⲉϣⲉⲃϣⲓ: ⲉϥⲉⲣⲟⲕϩⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲱⲙ .	Ⲉϥⲉ̀ϧⲟⲙϧⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲫⲓϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲕⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϩⲟⲡⲗⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲕⲉϣⲉⲃϣⲓ: ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕϩⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲱⲙ.	Efèxomxem ǹnoufiti ouoh efèkōṡ ǹnouhoplon ǹoukeṡevṡi: efèrok·hou xen pik̀rōm.	Putting an end to wars as for the ends of the earth; he will crush the bow, and break in pieces the weapon, and burn the bucklers with fire.
45:10	ⲥⲣⲱϥⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ̀ⲣⲓⲉ̀ⲙⲓ ϫⲉⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ: ⲉⲓⲉ̀ϭⲓⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲓⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲓⲉ̀ϭⲓⲥⲓ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ .	Ⲥⲣⲱϥⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ̀ⲣⲓⲉ̀ⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ: ⲉⲓⲉ̀ϭⲓⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲓⲉ̀ϭⲓⲥⲓ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ.	Srōft ouoh àrièmi je ànok pe f̀nouti: eièċisi xen nieθnos ouoh eièċisi hijen p̀kahi.	Be still, and know that I am God: I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted in the earth.
45:11	ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓϫⲟⲙ ⲁϥⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲣⲉϥϣⲟⲡⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ	Ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϫⲟⲙ ⲁϥⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲡⲉⲛⲣⲉϥϣⲟⲡⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ	P̀ċois f̀nouti ǹte nigom afky neman penrefṡopten èrof pe f̀nouti ǹiakōb	The Lord of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our helper. Pause.

Provenance

title: 19_Psalmi_45
dialect: bohairic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_045
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)
share: attribution
attribution: 19_Psalmi_45 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_045, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation ? · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.0.0, 2024-10-31)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/045.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: 19_Psalmi_45 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 045.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_045)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 19_Psalmi_45 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_045, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/cairene.py from_witness on the L0 text (L1 = Cairene(N(L0)), RI-038 2026-09-16; RI-029 2026-09-11; DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09: punctuation O-6, jinkim O-3; segmentation-aware jinkim + spelling verdicts from the witness-aligned CoNLL-U segmentation, C3b; 2026-09-09 evening rulings: word division church, "until" base ϣⲁⲧⲉ-, nomina sacra ⲓ̅ⲥ̅/ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦/Ⲑⲥ̅/Ⲩⲥ̅ expanded; numerals and abbreviations resolved by the normalization stage)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/045.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: 19_Psalmi_45 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 045.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 19_Psalmi_45 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_045, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/045.bohairic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 11 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 1 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 45:7 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_045, verse 45:7, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (2 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 45:1 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_045, verse 45:1, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 45:2 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_045, verse 45:2, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 45:3 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_045, verse 45:3, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 45:4 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_045, verse 45:4, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 45:5 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_045, verse 45:5, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: and 4 further credits

Cite as:

19_Psalmi_45. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_045. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/psalms/045.bohairic.scriptorium/. 19_Psalmi_45 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_045, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.