19_Psalmi_51 — Coptic · Cairene

Source and licence

share: attributionbohairic

Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_051

Attribution: 19_Psalmi_51 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_051, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Full provenance and citation

The text

9 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
51:0	ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩⲕⲁϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ϧⲉⲛⲡ̀ϫⲓⲛⲑ̀ⲣⲉϥⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲇⲱⲏⲕ ⲡⲓϩⲩⲇⲟⲩⲙⲉⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲥⲁⲟⲩⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉⲓⲥ ⲁ̀ ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲡⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲃⲓⲙⲉⲗⲉⲭ ⲓⲥ ⲉϥⲭⲏⲡ ϩⲁⲣⲟⲛ	ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩⲕⲁϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ϫⲓⲛⲑ̀ⲣⲉϥⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲇⲱⲏⲕ ⲡⲓϩⲩⲇⲟⲩⲙⲉⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲙⲉ ⲥⲁⲟⲩⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲁ̀ ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲃⲓⲙⲉⲗⲉⲭ ⲓⲥ ⲉϥⲭⲏⲡ ϩⲁⲣⲟⲛ	èp̀gōk èvol evkati ǹte david xen p̀jinθ̀refì ǹje ḋōyk pihiḋoumeos ètame saoul ouoh ègos naf je is à david ì èp̀yi ǹabimelex is efkyp haron	draft · highFor the end. For understanding, of David, when Doek the Idumean came and told Saoul and said to him, 'Behold, David came to the house of Abimelech; behold, he is hiding with us.'
51:1	ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲟⲩ ⲡⲓϫⲱⲣⲓ ϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ ϧⲉⲛϯⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ . ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲥ ⲁϥⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ϯⲁⲇⲓⲕⲓⲁ .	ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲓϫⲱⲣⲓ ϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ. Ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲥ ⲁϥⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ϯⲁ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲓⲁ.	eθve ou pigōri ṡouṡou m̀mok xen tikakia ǹouànomia ǹte pièhoou tyrf. Peklas afsoċni ètiàḋikia.	Why dost thou, O mighty man, boast of iniquity in thy mischief? All the day
51:2	ⲙⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲑⲟⲕ ⲉϥϣⲉⲃϣⲱⲃ: ⲁⲕⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲣⲟϥ . ⲁⲕⲙⲉⲛⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ: ⲟⲩⲁⲇⲓⲕⲓⲁ ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉ̀ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ .	Ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲑⲟⲕ ⲉϥϣⲉⲃϣⲱⲃ: ⲁⲕⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲣⲟϥ. Ⲁⲭⲙⲉⲛⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲕⲓⲁ ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ: ⲟⲩⲁ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲓⲁ ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉ̀ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ.	Ǹf̀ryti ǹouθok efṡevṡōb: akìri ǹouk̀rof. Akmenre oukakia èhote oupeθnanef: ouàḋikia èhote èsaji ǹoumeθmyi.	thy tongue has devised unrighteousness; like a sharpened razor thou hast wrought deceit. Thou hast loved wickedness more than goodness; unrighteousness better than to speak righteousness. Pause.
51:3	ⲁⲕⲙⲉⲛⲣⲉ ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ⲱⲙⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲩⲗⲁⲥ ⲛ̀ⲭ̀ⲣⲟϥ . ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲫⲁⲓ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲣⲁϧⲧⲕ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ϣⲁϧⲁⲉ̀ .	Ⲁⲭⲙⲉⲛⲣⲉ ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲱⲙⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲥ ⲛ̀ⲭ̀ⲣⲟϥ. Ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲣⲁϧⲧⲕ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ϣⲁ ϧⲁⲉ̀.	Akmenre saji niven ǹte p̀ōms nem oulas ǹk̀rof. Eθve fai f̀naraxtk ǹje f̀nouti ṡa xaè.	Thou has loved all words of destruction, and a deceitful tongue.
51:4	ⲉϥⲉ̀ϥⲟϫⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲑⲃⲉⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲛ̀ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲧⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲏⲉⲧⲟⲛϧ .	Ⲉϥⲉ̀ϥⲟϫⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲑⲃⲉⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲁⲛ̀ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲏⲉⲧⲟⲛϧ.	Efèfogk ouoh efèouoθvek èvol xen pekmaǹṡōpi nem teknouni èvol xen p̀kahi ǹte nyetonx.	Therefore may God destroy thee for ever, may he pluck thee up and utterly remove thee from thy dwelling, and thy root from the land of the living. Pause.
51:5	ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲛⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲉⲣϩⲟϯ: ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲥⲱⲃⲓ ⲉ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ϫⲟⲥ:	Ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲑ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲉⲣϩⲟϯ: ⲉⲩⲉ̀ⲥⲱⲃⲓ ⲉ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ϫⲟⲥ:	Evènav ǹje niθ̀myi ouoh evèerhoti: evèsōvi èh̀ryi ègōf ouoh evègos:	And the righteous shall see, and fear, and shall laugh at him, and say,
51:6	ϫⲉϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲭⲁ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲙ̀ⲃⲟⲏ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲉⲣϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛⲡ̀ⲁ̀ϣⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲣⲁⲙⲁⲟ̀ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲉⲫⲗⲏⲟⲩ .	ϫⲉ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲭⲁ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲃⲟⲏ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲉⲣϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲁ̀ϣⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲣⲁⲙⲁⲟ̀ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲉⲫⲗⲏⲟⲩ.	je hyppe is ourōmi m̀pefka f̀nouti ǹboỳθos naf alla aferhelpis èjen p̀àṡai ǹte tefmetramaò ouoh afjemgom èjen nefmeteflyou.	Behold the man who made not God his help; but trusted in the abundance of his wealth, and strengthened himself in his vanity.
51:7	ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓⲟⲓ ⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ϫⲱⲓⲧ ⲉ̀ⲟⲡⲧ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ ϧⲉⲛⲡ̀ⲏⲓ ⲙ̀ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ: ⲁⲓⲉⲣϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ϣⲁⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲉⲙϣⲁⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲉⲛⲉϩ .	Ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲓⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ϫⲱⲓⲧ ⲉ̀ⲟⲡⲧ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ: ⲁⲓⲉⲣϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ϣⲁ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ϣⲁⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ.	Anok ḋe aioi ǹf̀ryti ǹouvō ǹgōit èopt ǹououtah xen p̀yi ǹf̀nouti: aierhelpis èpinai ǹte f̀nouti ṡa èneh nem ṡaèneh ǹte pièneh.	But I am as a fruitful olive in the house of God: I have trusted in the mercy of God for ever, even for evermore.
51:8	ϯⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ ϣⲁⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ϫⲉⲁⲕⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ: ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲛⲁⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲉϥ̀ϩⲟⲗϫ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲛⲏⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲕ .	Ϯⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ϣⲁ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ: ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲛⲁⲁ̀ⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ϥ̀ϩⲟⲗϫ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲛⲏⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲕ.	Tinaouōnh nak èvol p̀ċois ṡa èneh je akìri nyi: ouoh tinaàmoni ǹtotm̀pekran je f̀holg ǹpem̀θo ǹnyeθouab ǹtak.	I will give thanks to thee for ever, for thou hast done it: and I will wait on thy name; for it is good before the saints.

Provenance

title: 19_Psalmi_51
dialect: bohairic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_051
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)
share: attribution
attribution: 19_Psalmi_51 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_051, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation ? · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.0.0, 2024-10-31)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/051.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: 19_Psalmi_51 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 051.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_051)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
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attribution: 19_Psalmi_51 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_051, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/cairene.py from_witness on the L0 text (L1 = Cairene(N(L0)), RI-038 2026-09-16; RI-029 2026-09-11; DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09: punctuation O-6, jinkim O-3; segmentation-aware jinkim + spelling verdicts from the witness-aligned CoNLL-U segmentation, C3b; 2026-09-09 evening rulings: word division church, "until" base ϣⲁⲧⲉ-, nomina sacra ⲓ̅ⲥ̅/ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦/Ⲑⲥ̅/Ⲩⲥ̅ expanded; numerals and abbreviations resolved by the normalization stage)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/051.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: 19_Psalmi_51 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 051.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 19_Psalmi_51 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_051, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/051.bohairic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 8 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 1 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 51:1 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_051, verse 51:1, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 51:2–3 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_051, verse 51:2, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 51:4 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_051, verse 51:3, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 51:5 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_051, verse 51:4, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 51:6 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_051, verse 51:5, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 51:7 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.ot, 19_Psalmi_051, verse 51:6, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: and 2 further credits

Cite as:

19_Psalmi_51. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.ot", document 19_Psalmi_051. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/psalms/051.bohairic.scriptorium/. 19_Psalmi_51 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.ot, document 19_Psalmi_051, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.