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Attribution: Wisdom 18 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 70_Wisdom_18, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
The text
25 lines · a line number is a link to itselfEnglish: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.
| ref | L0 witness | English |
|---|---|---|
| 18:1 | ⲛⲉⲕⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲡⲉ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲏⲙⲉⲛ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲉⲩⲥⲙⲏ ⲉⲛⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ ϩⲛⲛⲉⲓϩⲓⲥⲉ | Nevertheless thy saints had a very great light, whose voice they hearing, and not seeing their shape, because they also had not suffered the same things, they counted them happy. |
| 18:2 | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩϣⲡ[ϩ]ⲙⲟⲧ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ ϫⲉⲛⲥⲉⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ [ⲛⲁ]ⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲛϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲁⲁⲩ [...] ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩ[...]ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲃⲉⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲁⲩ[...]ⲩ ⲛϫⲁϫⲉ | But for that they did not hurt them now, of whom they had been wronged before, they thanked them, and besought them pardon for that they had been enemies. |
| 18:3 | ⲉⲡⲙⲁ ⲛⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲕⲧⲛⲛⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲧⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ[ⲕⲱϩ]ⲧ ⲉⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟ [ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉϩⲓ]ⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲛⲟⲩⲣ[ⲏ ⲉⲙⲉϥ]ⲣⲱⲕϩ ⲁⲛ ⲉϥϫⲓⲙⲟⲉⲓⲧ ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ | Instead whereof thou gavest them a burning pillar of fire, both to be a guide of the unknown journey, and an harmless sun to entertain them honourably. |
| 18:4 | ⲛⲏⲅⲁⲣ ⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲉⲧⲣⲉⲩϥⲓⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲥⲉⲟⲧⲡⲟⲩ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲛⲉⲕϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲩⲟⲧⲡ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲩⲛ[ⲁϯ] ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲛⲁⲧⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲙⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ | For they were worthy to be deprived of light and imprisoned in darkness, who had kept thy sons shut up, by whom the uncorrupt light of the law was to be given unto the world. |
| 18:5 | ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϫⲓϣⲟϫⲛⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲉⲁⲩⲛⲟⲩϫⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲉⲡⲉⲩϫⲡⲓⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲕϥⲓⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲕϥⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϥ | And when they had determined to slay the babes of the saints, one child being cast forth, and saved, to reprove them, thou tookest away the multitude of their children, and destroyedst them altogether in a mighty water. |
| 18:6 | ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲁⲕⲧⲁⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲩⲉⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩϣ ⲛⲥⲉⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲱⲕ ⲛϩⲏⲧ | Of that night were our fathers certified afore, that assuredly knowing unto what oaths they had given credence, they might afterwards be of good cheer. |
| 18:7 | ⲛⲧⲉⲟⲩⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲙⲉⲛϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲟⲥ ϩⲙⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲟⲩ[ⲧⲁⲕⲟ] ⲇⲉ ⲛ[ⲛⲉⲛϫⲁϫⲉ] | So of thy people was accepted both the salvation of the righteous, and destruction of the enemies. |
| 18:8 | ϩⲙⲡⲁⲓ ⲁ[... ⲛⲓϫ]ⲁϫⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ ⲁⲕ[ϯⲉⲟⲟ]ⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ | For wherewith thou didst punish our adversaries, by the same thou didst glorify us, whom thou hadst called. |
| 18:9 | ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁ[ⲃ ⲛⲛⲣ]ⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲁⲗⲉⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲙⲫⲱⲡ ⲉⲩⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲙ[ⲡⲛⲟ]ⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲧⲃⲃⲟ ⲉⲧⲣⲉⲛⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲙ[ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲉ ⲙⲛ]ⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ ⲉⲛⲓⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲛ ⲙⲛⲛⲓ[...]ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩϫⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲱⲧ | For the righteous children of good men did sacrifice secretly, and with one consent made a holy law, that the saints should be like partakers of the same good and evil, the fathers now singing out the songs of praise. |
| 18:10 | ⲡⲉϩⲣⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲛϫⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥϣⲟⲃⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲏ ⲛⲣⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲩⲧⲟⲉⲓⲧ ⲉⲛⲉⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ | But on the other side there sounded an ill according cry of the enemies, and a lamentable noise was carried abroad for children that were bewailed. |
| 18:11 | ⲟⲩϩⲙϩⲁⲗ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛⲡⲉϥϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲩⲕⲟⲗⲁⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ϩⲙⲡⲓϩⲁⲡ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲙⲛⲟⲩⲣⲣⲟ ⲉⲩϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲛⲓϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲧ | The master and the servant were punished after one manner; and like as the king, so suffered the common person. |
| 18:12 | ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲩϩⲙⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛⲉ ⲙⲛⲏⲡⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲣⲉϥⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲛϩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲉⲩⲣⲱϣⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲱⲙⲥ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲙⲟⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲧⲃⲉϫⲉⲡⲉⲩϫⲡⲟ ⲉⲧⲧⲁⲉⲓⲏⲩ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ ϩⲛⲟⲩϣⲡⲛϣⲱⲡ | So they all together had innumerable dead with one kind of death; neither were the living sufficient to bury them: for in one moment the noblest offspring of them was destroyed. |
| 18:13 | ⲉⲩⲟ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲁⲧⲛⲁϩⲧⲉ ⲉϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲃⲉⲛⲉⲩⲙⲛⲧⲣⲉϥⲣⲡⲁϩⲣⲉ ϩⲙⲡⲧⲣⲉⲛⲉⲩϣⲣⲡⲙⲙⲓⲥⲉ ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲁⲩϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ ϫⲉⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ | For whereas they would not believe any thing by reason of the enchantments; upon the destruction of the firstborn, they acknowledged this people to be the sons of God. |
| 18:14 | ⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲥϭⲣⲁϩⲧ [...]ⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲥⲙⲟⲛⲧ ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲛ[...] | For while all things were in quiet silence, and that night was in the midst of her swift course, |
| 18:15 | ⲡⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲧϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ⲉϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲁϥⲉⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲙⲡⲏⲩⲉ ϩⲓⲧⲛⲛⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛⲧⲣⲣⲟ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲉ[ϥⲙⲓϣ]ⲉ ⲉϥϣⲱⲱⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁϥϥⲱϭⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ [ⲉ]ⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲛϫⲁ[ϫⲉ] | Thine Almighty word leaped down from heaven out of thy royal throne, as a fierce man of war into the midst of a land of destruction, |
| 18:16 | ⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩϣⲏϥⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲉⲥⲧⲏⲙ ϩⲙⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲉ ⲁϫⲛϩⲩⲡⲟⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉ ⲁϩⲁⲣⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲁϥⲙⲉϩⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲙⲙⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱϩ ⲉⲧⲡⲉ ⲉⲣⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ϩⲓϫⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ | And brought thine unfeigned commandment as a sharp sword, and standing up filled all things with death; and it touched the heaven, but it stood upon the earth. |
| 18:17 | ⲛⲧⲉⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲩϣⲧⲣⲧⲱⲣⲟⲩ ⲛϭⲓϩⲉⲛⲫⲁⲛⲧⲁⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲣⲁⲥⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϣⲧ ⲙⲛϩⲉⲛϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲩⲛⲏⲩ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲥⲉⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ | Then suddenly visions of horrible dreams troubled them sore, and terrors came upon them unlooked for. |
| 18:18 | ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲛⲏϫ ⲛⲥⲁⲟⲩⲥⲁ ⲉϥⲟ ⲙⲡϣⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲙⲟ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲗⲟⲉⲓϭⲉ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧⲥ | And one thrown here, and another there, half dead, shewed the cause of his death. |
| 18:19 | ⲣⲣⲁⲥⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉⲧϣⲧⲟⲣⲧⲣ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲁⲓ ϫⲉⲛⲉⲩⲣⲁⲧⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲛⲉⲓⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧϥ ⲛⲥⲉϥⲱⲧⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ | For the dreams that troubled them did foreshew this, lest they should perish, and not know why they were afflicted. |
| 18:20 | ⲁⲩϫⲛⲧⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ϩⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙⲡϫⲁⲉⲓⲉ [...] | Yea, the tasting of death touched the righteous also, and there was a destruction of the multitude in the wilderness: but the wrath endured not long. |
| 18:21 | [... ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙ]ⲉ ⲛⲥⲱⲧⲡ ⲁϥⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ [...] ⲁϥϫⲓ ⲙⲡϩⲟⲡⲗⲟⲛ [ⲙⲡⲉϥ]ϣⲙϣⲉ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲃϩ ϩⲓⲧⲛⲟⲩϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲙⲛⲟⲩϣⲟⲩϩⲏⲛⲉ ⲉϥⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲟⲩ[ⲃⲉ ⲡϭ]ⲱⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲉⲧⲉ[...] ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉⲡⲉⲕϩⲙϩⲁⲗ ⲡⲉ | For then the blameless man made haste, and stood forth to defend them; and bringing the shield of his proper ministry, even prayer, and the propitiation of incense, set himself against the wrath, and so brought the calamity to an end, declaring that he was thy servant. |
| 18:22 | ⲁϥϫⲣⲟ ⲉⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ϩⲛ[ⲟⲩϭ]ⲟⲙ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲛⲁϣⲧⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲛϩⲟⲡⲗⲟⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϩⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲁϫⲉ ⲁϥⲥⲉⲡⲥⲡⲉⲧⲕⲟⲗⲁⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲁϥⲧⲣⲉϥⲣⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩϣ ⲛⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲙⲛⲧⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ | So he overcame the destroyer, not with strength of body, nor force of arms, but with a word subdued him that punished, alleging the oaths and covenants made with the fathers. |
| 18:23 | ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛϭⲓⲛⲣⲉϥⲙⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲩϩⲏⲩ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲛⲛⲉⲩⲉⲣⲏⲩ ⲁϥⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ϩⲛⲧⲉⲩⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲗϭⲉ ⲧⲟⲣⲅⲏ ⲁϥⲡⲣϫⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ ⲟⲩⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲛⲛⲉⲧⲟⲛϩ | For when the dead were now fallen down by heaps one upon another, standing between, he stayed the wrath, and parted the way to the living. |
| 18:24 | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲡⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲡⲟϩⲧ ϩⲓⲧⲡⲟⲇⲏⲣⲏ ⲛⲧⲉϥϩⲃⲥⲱ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲛϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲥⲧⲉⲓⲭⲟⲥ ⲉϥϣⲉⲧϣⲱⲧ ϩⲛϩⲉⲛⲱⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲛⲧⲛⲟϭ ϩⲓϫⲛⲧⲉϭⲣⲏⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲡⲉ | For in the long garment was the whole world, and in the four rows of the stones was the glory of the fathers graven, and thy Majesty upon the diadem of his head. |
| 18:25 | ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲓⲡⲉ ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛϭⲓⲡⲉⲧⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲣϩⲟⲧⲉ ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ [...] ⲣⲱ[ϣⲉ ...]ⲙⲁⲧⲉ ⲛⲧ[...] | Unto these the destroyer gave place, and was afraid of them: for it was enough that they only tasted of the wrath. |
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- Wisdom 18
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- sahidic
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- Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 70_Wisdom_18
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- attribution
- attribution
- Wisdom 18 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 70_Wisdom_18, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- annotation
- segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Wisdom/18.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
- what it is
- DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
- lines
- 25 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 70_Wisdom_18 (25 lines)
L0 witness
English
Cite as:
Wisdom 18. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 70_Wisdom_18. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/wisdom/18.sahidic.scriptorium/. Wisdom 18 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 70_Wisdom_18, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.