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30 lines · a line number is a link to itselfEnglish: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.
Editors' readings (papyri, ruled PAP-3): in ‹ ›, the plain form is what the scribe wrote; after → the editors' regularised form, after ⇒ their correction, | between two forms they give — set off in colour. Hover a form to see whose it is.
| ref | L0 witness | L0.5 transliteration | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fr1,rrp | Fr1,rrp | |
| 1 | ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ θ(εο)ῦ | ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ θ°εο°ῦ | |
| 2 | τοῦ ἐλεήμωνος | τοῦ ‹ἐλεήμωνος→ἐλεήμονος› | |
| 3 | Arabic | Arabic | |
| 4 | οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς | οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς | |
| 5 | εἰ μὴ ὁ θ(εὸ)ς μόνος | εἰ μὴ ὁ θ°εὸ°ς μόνος | |
| 6 | […] [ἁγί]ου πνεύματος τῆς ἁγίας καὶ ζωοποίου καί | […] *ἁγί*ου πνεύματος τῆς ἁγίας καὶ ζωοποίου καί | |
| 7 | […] ☩ ἐγρ(άφη) μη(νὸς) Φαμ(ενὼ)θ ιθ ἰ(ν)δ(ικτίωνος) ἑβδόμης ☩ | […] ☩ ἐγρ°άφη° μη°νὸς° Φαμ°ενὼ°θ ιθ ἰ°ν°δ°ικτίωνος° ἑβδόμης ☩ | |
| 8 | […] [ⲡⲧⲟϣ] ⲛⲯⲟⲓ ⲙⲛ ⲕⲟⲗⲗⲟⲩⲑ(ⲟⲥ) ⲡϣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉⲛⲧⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲗⲁϣⲁ[ⲛⲉ] | […] *ⲡⲧⲟϣ* ⲛⲯⲟⲓ ⲙⲛ ⲕⲟⲗⲗⲟⲩⲑ°ⲟⲥ° ⲡϣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉⲛⲧⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲗⲁϣⲁ*ⲛⲉ* | draft · medium[… district] of Psoi, and Kollouthos son of Oualentios the headman |
| 10 | Fr2 | Fr2 | |
| 4 | ⲉⲛⲉ̣ⲧ̣ⲟ̣ⲥ̣[…] [ⲕⲁⲙ] | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲟⲥ[…] ‹*ⲕⲁⲙ* | draft · guess[…] […] [if he] |
| 5 | ⲧⲉⲓ ⲉⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲁ ϩⲓⲱⲱⲩ ⲕ[ⲁⲙⲡⲧⲉⲓ] ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲩⲫⲉⲙⲱⲥ ⲛⲥⲏⲛⲃⲟⲩⲗⲟ[ⲥ] [ⲛ]ⲁϩⲟⲣⲓⲍⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϫⲱⲛ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲡ̣ⲓ̣ ̣ ̣[…] | ⲧⲉⲓ→κάμπτειν› ‹ⲉⲓ→εἰ› ‹ⲧⲉ→δέ› ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲁ ϩⲓⲱⲱⲩ ‹ⲕ*ⲁⲙⲡⲧⲉⲓ*→κάμπτειν› ϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ‹ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲩⲫⲉⲙⲱⲥ→πανεύφημος› ⲛ‹ⲥⲏⲛⲃⲟⲩⲗⲟ*ⲥ*→σύμβουλος› *ⲛ*ⲁ‹ϩⲟⲣⲓⲍⲉ→ὁρίζειν› ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϫⲱⲛ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲓ[…][…] | draft · lowturns back (?), or if one of them turns back (?), our lord the most illustrious councillor will impose it upon us for the […] |
| 6 | ☩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲕⲱⲣⲑⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲉ ⲛ[ⲟⲩ]ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲣⲁϣ̣ⲉ ⲛ̣[ⲥ]ⲁ̣ⲕⲱⲱ[ⲣⲉ ⲧ]ⲓⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭ(ⲉⲓ) ⲁⲧⲓⲉⲅⲅⲏⲇⲓⲅⲏ ⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧ[ⲓ][ⲕⲓⲛ] | ☩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲕⲱⲣⲑⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲉ ⲛ*ⲟⲩ*ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲛ*ⲥ*ⲁⲕⲱⲱ*ⲣⲉ ⲧ*ⲓ‹ⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭ°ⲉⲓ°→στοιχεῖν› ⲁⲧⲓ‹ⲉⲅⲅⲏⲇⲓⲅⲏ→ἐγγυητικός› ‹ⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓ→ὁμολογία› ‹ⲡⲣⲟⲥ→πρός› ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧ*ⲓ*‹*ⲕⲓⲛ* | draft · medium☩ I, Korthos son of Ouarentios, the […] of [S]akoore (?), consent to the surety agreement according to its tenor, and I stand |
| 7 | ⲇⲉⲛⲉⲩⲉ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲡⲣⲟⲍⲟⲡⲟⲛ ⲛⲙⲟⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡϣⲉ ⲛⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲉⲉϥ ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲕ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲁⲝⲓⲧⲟⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ […] | ⲇⲉⲛⲉⲩⲉ→κινδυνεύειν› ϩⲁ ⲡⲉ‹ⲡⲣⲟⲍⲟⲡⲟⲛ→πρόσωπον› ⲛⲙⲟⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡϣⲉ ⲛⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲛⲉⲉϥ ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲕ ⲡⲉϥ‹ⲧⲁⲝⲓⲧⲟⲛ→ταξίδιον› ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ […] | draft · mediumsurety for the person of Mouses son of Makare, the sailor, that he complete (?) his tour of service up[stream] […] |
| 8 | ⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲥⲟⲕ ϩⲁ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲓⲙⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲩⲫⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲥⲏⲛⲃⲟⲩⲗⲟ[ⲥ] […] | ⲧⲉ ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲥⲟⲕ ϩⲁ ‹ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲓⲙⲟⲛ→πρόστιμον› ⲛⲓⲙ ‹ⲡⲣⲟⲥ→πρός› ⲑⲉ ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ‹ⲡⲁⲛⲉⲩⲫⲏⲙⲟⲥ→πανεύφημος› ⲛ‹ⲥⲏⲛⲃⲟⲩⲗⲟ*ⲥ*→σύμβουλος› […] | draft · medium[…], so that I bear every penalty, as our lord the most illustrious councillor […] |
| 9 | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲓⲕⲧⲱⲣ ⲡϣⲉ ⲛⲑⲉⲟⲇⲟⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲃϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲉⲣ[ⲟⲓ ⲁⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲣ]ⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁϥⲛⲟⲓ ⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ☩ | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲁⲡⲁ ⲃⲓⲕⲧⲱⲣ ⲡϣⲉ ⲛⲑⲉⲟⲇⲟⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲁⲃϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲉⲣ*ⲟⲓ ⲁⲓⲥϩⲁⲓ ϩⲁⲣ*ⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁϥ‹ⲛⲟⲓ→νοεῖν› ⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ☩ | draft · highI, Apa Victor son of Theodosios: he asked me, [I wrote for] him, since he does not know letters ☩ |
| 10 | ☩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲛ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲓⲟ [ⲛ]ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓⲁ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ☩ | ☩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲁⲑⲁⲛⲁⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲛ ⲡ‹ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ→μακάριος› ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉ ⲧⲓⲟ *ⲛ*ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓ‹ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲉⲓⲁ→ὁμολογία› ‹ⲡⲣⲟⲥ→πρός› ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ☩ | draft · high☩ I, Athanasios son of the late Makare, am witness to the agreement according to its tenor ☩ |
| 11 | ☩ ⲇⲁⲩⲉⲓⲇ ⲉⲗⲁⲭ(ⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ) ⲡⲣⲉ(ⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ) ⲡϣⲛ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲓⲁⲕⲟⲃ ⲧ[ⲓ]ⲱ ⲛⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓⲉⲛⲕⲏⲧⲓⲕⲏ ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲓⲁ | ☩ ⲇⲁⲩⲉⲓⲇ ‹ⲉⲗⲁⲭ°ⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ°→ἐλάχιστος› ‹ⲡⲣⲉ°ⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ°→πρεσβύτερος› ⲡϣⲛ ⲡ‹ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ→μακάριος› ⲓⲁⲕⲟⲃ ⲧ*ⲓ*ⲱ ⲛⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓ‹ⲉⲛⲕⲏⲧⲓⲕⲏ→ἐγγυητικός› ‹ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲓⲁ→ὁμολογία› | draft · high☩ David, the most humble presbyter, son of the late Iakob: I am witness to the surety agreement |
| 12 | ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ☩ […] | ‹ⲡⲣⲟⲥ→πρός› ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ☩ […] | draft · highaccording to its tenor ☩ […] |
| 13 | ☩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲓⲟⲥⲕⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲛ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ ⲡⲣⲱⲙ ⲧϫⲕⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲓⲟ ⲛⲙⲛⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅ[ⲓⲁ] | ☩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇⲓⲟⲥⲕⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲛ ⲡ‹ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ→μακάριος› ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ ⲡⲣⲱⲙ ⲧϫⲕⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲓⲟ ⲛⲙⲛⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓ‹ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅ*ⲓⲁ*→ὁμολογία› | draft · high☩ I, Dioskoros son of the late Isaak, the man of Djkow, am witness to the agreement |
| 14 | ϩⲓⲧⲛ ⲧⲁⲓⲧⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲡⲉⲧⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ☩ ☩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲫⲟⲓⲃⲁⲙⲱⲛ ⲡϣⲉ ⲛⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲑⲉⲟⲇⲱⲣⲟ[ⲥ] | ϩⲓⲧⲛ ⲧ‹ⲁⲓⲧⲏⲥⲓⲥ→αἴτησις› ⲛⲡⲉⲧⲥⲙⲓⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ☩ ☩ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲫⲟⲓⲃⲁⲙⲱⲛ ⲡϣⲉ ⲛⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲑⲉⲟⲇⲱⲣⲟ*ⲥ* | draft · highat the request of the one who drew it up ☩ ☩ I, Phoibamon son of the late Theodoros, |
| 15 | ⲧⲓⲱ ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲓⲅⲓⲁ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ☩ | ⲧⲓⲱ ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓ‹ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗⲓⲅⲓⲁ→ὁμολογία› ‹ⲡⲣⲟⲥ→πρός› ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ☩ | draft · higham witness to the agreement according to its tenor ☩ |
| 16 | ☩ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲱ ⲡⲓⲉⲗⲁⲭ(ⲓⲥ)ⲧ(ⲟⲥ) ⲛⲡⲣⲉ(ⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ) ⲡϣⲛ ⲡⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣ(ⲓⲟⲥ) ⲑⲱⲙⲁⲥ ⲧⲓⲟ ⲛⲙⲛⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓⲉⲅⲅⲩⲏⲧⲓⲕⲏ ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗ[ⲟⲅⲓⲁ] | ☩ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲱ ⲡⲓ‹ⲉⲗⲁⲭ°ⲓⲥ°ⲧ°ⲟⲥ°→ἐλάχιστος› ⲛ‹ⲡⲣⲉ°ⲥⲃⲩⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ°→πρεσβύτερος› ⲡϣⲛ ⲡ‹ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣ°ⲓⲟⲥ°→μακάριος› ⲑⲱⲙⲁⲥ ⲧⲓⲟ ⲛⲙⲛⲧⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲓ‹ⲉⲅⲅⲩⲏⲧⲓⲕⲏ→ἑγγυητικός› ‹ϩⲟⲙⲟⲗ*ⲟⲅⲓⲁ*→ὁμολογία› | draft · high☩ Apollo, the most humble presbyter, son of the late Thomas: I am witness to the surety agreement |
| 17 | ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ☩ | ‹ⲡⲣⲟⲥ→πρός› ⲧⲉⲥϭⲟⲙ ☩ | draft · highaccording to its tenor ☩ |
| 18 | γνῶ(σις) ἐγγυητ(ική) | γνῶ°σις° ἐγγυητ°ική° | |
| 19 | Πατερμουθ(ίου) Μηνᾶ μείζο(νος) ἀπὸ ἐποικ(ί)ο(υ) Βουνῶ(ν) Κολλούθου Οὐαλεντίου μείζ(ονος) ἀπ[ὸ ἐποικ(ί)ο(υ) Σακοορε] | Πατερμουθ°ίου° Μηνᾶ μείζο°νος° ἀπὸ ἐποικ°ί°ο°υ° Βουνῶ°ν° Κολλούθου Οὐαλεντίου μείζ°ονος° ἀπ*ὸ ἐποικ°ί°ο°υ° Σακοορε* | |
| 20 | ☩ διʼ ἐμοῦ Θεοδώρου σὺ[ν] Θ[(εῷ)][ συμβολεογρ(ράφου) ☩ ☩ ☩] | ☩ διʼ ἐμοῦ Θεοδώρου σὺ*ν* Θ*°εῷ°** ‹συμβολεογρ°ράφου°→συμβολαιογράφου› ☩ ☩ ☩* | |
| 28 | Fr1,v | Fr1,v | |
| 21 | ☩ ἐγγυητικὴ ὁμολ(ογία) γεν(αμένη) (παρὰ) Πατερμουθ(ίου) Μηνᾶ μείζο(νος) ἀπὸ Βουνῶ(ν) (καὶ) Κολλούθ(ου) μείζο(νος) ἀπὸ Σακ[οορε] | ☩ ἐγγυητικὴ ὁμολ°ογία° γεν°αμένη° °παρὰ° Πατερμουθ°ίου° Μηνᾶ μείζο°νος° ἀπὸ Βουνῶ°ν° °καὶ° Κολλούθ°ου° μείζο°νος° ἀπὸ Σακ*οορε* | |
| 22 | χάρ(ιν) ἐκπ(έμψεως) ναυτ(ῶν) γ λόγῳ̣ ναυτ(ῶν) καρ(άβων) κού(ρσου) Αἰγ(ύ)π(του) ἐπὶ π[…] κού(ρσου) ἰ(ν)δ(ικτίωνος) η γρ(αφεῖσα) μ(ηνὸς) Φαμ(ενὼ)θ [ιθ ἰ(ν)δ(ικτίωνος) ἑβδόμης ☩] | χάρ°ιν° ἐκπ°έμψεως° ναυτ°ῶν° γ λόγῳ ναυτ°ῶν° καρ°άβων° κού°ρσου° Αἰγ°ύ°π°του° ἐπὶ π[…] κού°ρσου° ἰ°ν°δ°ικτίωνος° η γρ°αφεῖσα° μ°ηνὸς° Φαμ°ενὼ°θ *ιθ ἰ°ν°δ°ικτίωνος° ἑβδόμης ☩* |
Provenance
- title
- DDbDP p.lond.4.1499
- dialect
- sahidic
- source
- DDbDP p.lond.4.1499 (TM 19924), EpiDoc TEI from corpus/incoming/ddbdp-papyri-info/extracted/idp.data-master/DDbDP/19/19924.xml (github.com/papyri/idp.data, branch master, staged 2026-09-10 by worker W-B2)
- licence
- CC-BY 3.0 — Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri, via the papyri.info IDP data repository (github.com/papyri/idp.data), tarball of branch master fetched 2026-09-10, sha256 b4bbfdc3…10fcaf. The repository README says verbatim "This data is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, with copyright and attribution to the respective projects", and every file's TEI header repeats it. Attribution only — NO ShareAlike
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- file
- Documentary/DDbDP/p.lond.4.1499.papyri-info.L0.txt
- title
- DDbDP p.lond.4.1499 — L0.5 (editorial symbols)
- dialect
- sahidic
- source
- DDbDP p.lond.4.1499 (TM 19924) — generated from p.lond.4.1499.papyri-info.L0.txt by tools/papyri_l05.py (the edition's Leiden marks as the project symbol scheme, ruling PAP-1 2026-09-26)
- licence
- CC-BY 3.0 — Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri, via the papyri.info IDP data repository (github.com/papyri/idp.data), tarball of branch master fetched 2026-09-10, sha256 b4bbfdc3…10fcaf. The repository README says verbatim "This data is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, with copyright and attribution to the respective projects", and every file's TEI header repeats it. Attribution only — NO ShareAlike
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- generated by
- tools/papyri_l05.py to_l05() v2 (PAP-2: reads the printed L0, 2026-09-28; mapping unchanged since v1, PAPYRI-L05 2026-09-26) on the L0 text — ruling PAP-1 (Yousef 2026-09-26); symbols R-6 (RULED 2026-09-10, CLAUDE.md §3.9), lacuna mark O-6 (DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09)
- file
- Documentary/DDbDP/p.lond.4.1499.papyri-info.L0.5.txt
- what it is
- DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
- lines
- 0 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 15 model drafts (marked “draft”)
L0 witness
L0.5 transliteration
English
Cite as:
DDbDP p.lond.4.1499. DDbDP p.lond.4.1499 (TM 19924), EpiDoc TEI from corpus/incoming/ddbdp-papyri-info/extracted/idp.data-master/DDbDP/19/19924.xml (github.com/papyri/idp.data, branch master, staged 2026-09-10 by worker W-B2). Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/documentary/ddbdp/p.lond.4.1499.papyri-info/. © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.