Source and licence
share: attributionsahidicSource: DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50 (TM 87797), EpiDoc TEI from corpus/incoming/ddbdp-papyri-info/extracted/idp.data-master/DDbDP/87/87797.xml (github.com/papyri/idp.data, branch master, staged 2026-09-10 by worker W-B2)
Attribution: © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: CC-BY 3.0 — Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri, via the papyri.info IDP data repository (github.com/papyri/idp.data), tarball of branch master fetched 2026-09-10, sha256 b4bbfdc3…10fcaf. The repository README says verbatim "This data is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, with copyright and attribution to the respective projects", and every file's TEI header repeats it. Attribution only — NO ShareAlike
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
The text
25 lines · a line number is a link to itselfEnglish: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.
Editors' readings (papyri, ruled PAP-3): in ‹ ›, the plain form is what the scribe wrote; after → the editors' regularised form, after ⇒ their correction, | between two forms they give — set off in colour. Hover a form to see whose it is.
| ref | L0 witness | L0.5 transliteration | L1 Cairene | L2 Kemetic | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | r | r | r | r | |
| 1 | ☩ | ☩ | ☩ | ☩ | |
| 2 | ⳨ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲙⲛ̅ ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲛ | ⳨ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲙⲛ̅ ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲛ | ⳨ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡ̀ⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲛ | ⳨ anok p̀papa hylias nem pason | draft · high+ I, the papa Hêlias, and the brother |
| 3 | ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̅ ⲅⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛⲉ ⲡⲛⲟⲧⲁⲣ(ⲓⲟⲥ) | ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲛ̅ ⲅⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛⲉ ⲡ‹ⲛⲟⲧⲁⲣ°ⲓⲟⲥ°→νοτάριος› | ⲡⲁⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲅⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛⲉ ⲡ̀ⲛⲟⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ | paf̀nouti nem germane p̀notarios | draft · highPapnoute, and Germane the notary, |
| 4 | ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ ⲙ̅ⲡⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲱ | ⲛⲉ‹ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ→μοναχός› ⲙ̅ⲡ‹ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ→τόπος› ⲛⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲱ | ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲛⲟⲭⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲱ | nemonoxos ǹp̀topos ǹapa apollō | draft · highthe monks of the place of Apa Apollo, |
| 5 | ⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̅ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲛ̅ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲱ | ⲉⲛⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛ̅ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲛ̅ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲱ | ⲉⲛⲥ̀ϧⲁⲓ ⲛ̅ⲗⲁⲍⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲡϣⲛ̅ ⲁⲡⲟⲗⲗⲱ | ens̀xai nlazaros pṡn apollō | draft · highwe write to Lazaros son of Apollo, |
| 6 | ⲡⲉⲃⲓⲉⲓⲧ ⲡⲣⲱⲙ ⲧⲃⲁⲕⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ | ⲡⲉⲃⲓⲉⲓⲧ ⲡⲣⲱⲙ ⲧⲃⲁⲕⲉ ϫⲉ ‹ⲉⲡⲉⲓⲇⲏ→ἐπειδή› | ⲡ̀ⲃⲓⲉⲓⲧ ⲡⲣⲱⲙ ⲧⲃⲁⲕⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲡⲓⲇⲏ | p̀vieit prōm tvake je epiḋy | draft · lowthe bee-keeper(?), the man of Tbake: Since |
| 7 | ⲁⲕⲥⲙⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥⲑⲱⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ | ⲁⲕⲥⲙⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ‹ⲙⲓⲥⲑⲱⲥⲓⲥ→μίσθωσις› ⲛⲁⲛ | ⲁⲕⲥⲙⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲓⲥⲑⲱⲥⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ | ak·smen oumisθōsis nan | draft · highyou have drawn up a lease for us |
| 8 | ϩⲁ̣ ϣⲏⲧ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲃⲧⲉ ⲛ̅ⲛⲁⲃ | ϩⲁ ϣⲏⲧ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲃⲧⲉ ⲛ̅ⲛⲁⲃ | ϧⲁ ϣⲏⲧ ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲃⲧⲉ ⲛ̅ⲛⲁⲃ | xa ṡyt metavte nnab | draft · lowfor two hundred and fourteen […] |
| 9 | ⲛ̅ⲛⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̅ⲛⲉⲃⲓⲱ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ‹ⲇⲉ→δέ› ⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ̀ⲃⲓⲱ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲉⲛ | ǹnèviō tinou ḋe ten | draft · mediumof honey. Now, then, we |
| 10 | ⲕⲓⲛⲇⲩⲛⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ϩⲁ ⲉⲛⲱⲭ | ‹ⲕⲓⲛⲇⲩⲛⲉⲩⲉ→κινδυνεύειν› ⲛⲁⲕ ϩⲁ ⲉⲛⲱⲭ | ⲕⲓⲛⲇⲩⲛⲉⲩⲉ ⲛⲁⲕ ϧⲁ ⲉⲛⲱⲭ | kinḋineve nak xa enōx | draft · mediumtake the risk for you on behalf of Enoch |
| 11 | ⲡⲉⲃⲓⲉⲓⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲧⲣⲉϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ | ⲡⲉⲃⲓⲉⲓⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲧⲣⲉϥ‹ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ→παράγειν› | ⲡ̀ⲃⲓⲉⲓⲧ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲑⲣⲉϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲅⲉ | p̀vieit ète m̀θrefparage | draft · mediumthe bee-keeper(?), that he will not transgress |
| 12 | ⲙ̅ⲙⲟⲕ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲱϥ ⲉⲃϣⲁⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁ | ⲙ̅ⲙⲟⲕ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲩϩⲱϥ ⲉⲃϣⲁⲛ‹ⲡⲁⲣⲁ | ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ ϧⲁ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱϥ ⲉⲃϣⲁⲛⲡⲁⲣⲁ | m̀mok xa pouhōf evṡanpara | draft · mediumagainst you in their matter. If he trans- |
| 13 | ⲅⲉ ⲙ̅ⲙⲟⲕ ⟨ⲉ⟩ⲓⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲡⲱϥ ⲡⲉ | ⲅⲉ→παράγειν› ⲙ̅ⲙⲟⲕ <ⲉ>ⲓⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲡⲱϥ ⲡⲉ | ⲅⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ ⲓⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲫⲱϥ ⲡⲉ | ge m̀mok ie rōmi èfōf pe | draft · lowgresses against you, then the man is ours; |
| 14 | ⲕⲟ ⲛⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲕⲟ ⲛⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲕ̀ⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ ϧⲁⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ | k̀oi ǹremhe xaroou ànon | draft · lowyou are free of them; we |
| 15 | ϣⲁⲛⲡⲱⲗϭ̅ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲃ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ϣⲁⲛⲡⲱⲗϭ̅ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲃ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ϣⲁⲛⲡⲱⲗϭ̅ ⲛ̀ⲙⲁⲃ ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ | ṡanpōlċ ǹmab ànon | draft · mediumwill settle with you. We, |
| 16 | ⲡⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲙⲛ̅ ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ | ⲡⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲙⲛ̅ ⲡⲁⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ | ⲡ̀ⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϩⲏⲗⲓⲁⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ | p̀papa hylias nem paf̀nouti | draft · highthe papa Hêlias and Papnoute |
| 17 | ⲙⲛ̅ ⲅⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛⲉ ⲧⲛ̅ⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭⲉ | ⲙⲛ̅ ⲅⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛⲉ ⲧⲛ̅‹ⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭⲉ→στοιχεῖν› | ⲛⲉⲙ ⲅⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭⲉ | nem germane tenstoiṡe | draft · highand Germane, agree |
| 18 | ⲉⲧⲓⲁⲥⲫⲁⲗ(ⲉⲓⲁ) ⲛ̅ⲑⲉ ⲉⲥⲥⲏϩ ⲙ̅ⲙⲟⲥ | ⲉⲧⲓ‹ⲁⲥⲫⲁⲗ°ⲉⲓⲁ°→ἀσφάλεια› ⲛ̅ⲑⲉ ⲉⲥⲥⲏϩ ⲙ̅ⲙⲟⲥ | ⲉⲧⲓⲁⲥⲫⲁⲗⲉⲓⲁ ⲛ̅ⲑⲉ ⲉⲥⲥ̀ϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ | etiasfaleia nθe ess̀xyout m̀mos | draft · highto the security as it is written. |
| 19 | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲱϥ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ ϩⲙ̅ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲓⲙⲉ | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲱϥ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ ϩⲙ̅ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲓⲙⲉ | ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲱϥ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲓⲙⲉ | ouoh erṡanhōf tahok xen pektime | draft · mediumAnd if the matter reaches you in your village |
| 20 | ϩⲁ ⲫⲱϥ ⲛ̅ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲃ ⲧⲛ̅ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲟⲃⲉ ⲙ̅ⲙⲟⲕ | ϩⲁ ‹ⲫⲱϥ→ⲡϩⲱⲃ› ⲛ̅ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲃ ⲧⲛ̅‹ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲟⲃⲉ→ἀποσοβεῖν› ⲙ̅ⲙⲟⲕ | ϧⲁ ⲡ̀ϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̅ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲃ ⲧⲛ̅ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲟⲃⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ | xa p̀hōb nnenab tnaposove m̀mok | draft · lowconcerning the […] of our […], we will protect(?) you. |
| 21 | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲉ ⲡϣⲏ ⲛⲙⲏⲛⲁ ⲛ̅ⲧⲓⲛ ⲧⲓⲟ ⲙⲙⲉ(ⲧⲣⲉ) | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲉ ⲡϣⲏ ⲛⲙⲏⲛⲁ ⲛ̅ⲧⲓⲛ ⲧⲓⲟ ⲙⲙⲉ°ⲧⲣⲉ° | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲉ ⲡ̀ϣⲏ ⲛⲙⲏⲛⲁ ⲛ̅ⲧⲓⲛ ⲧⲓⲟ ⲛ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉ | anok pavle p̀ṡy nmyna ntin tio ǹmetre | draft · mediumI, Paule son of Mêna of Tin(?), am witness. |
| 22 | ἐγράφη Παῦ(νι) ιη ἰνδ(ικτίωνος) β | ἐγράφη Παῦ°νι° ιη ἰνδ°ικτίωνος° β | ἐγράφη Παῦνι ιη ἰνδικτίωνος β | ἐγράφη Παῦνι ιη ἰνδικτίωνος β | |
| 24 | v | v | v | v | |
| 23 | ☩ ἀσφάλ(εια) γενομ(ένη) ὑ̣(πὸ) Ἡλιας π̣ρε(σβυτέρου) (καὶ) Παπνοῦ̣τε̣ Σφληνικ(οῦ) (καὶ) Γερμανος περὶ τ̣οῦ̣ μελισσουρ̣γ(οῦ) ☩ | ☩ ἀσφάλ°εια° γενομ°ένη° ὑ°πὸ° ‹Ἡλιας→Ἡλία› πρε°σβυτέρου° °καὶ° Παπνοῦτε ‹Σφληνικ°οῦ°→Σπληνικ°οῦ°› °καὶ° ‹Γερμανος→Γερμανοῦ› περὶ τοῦ μελισσουργ°οῦ° ☩ | ☩ ἀσφάλεια γενομένη ὑπὸ Ἡλιας πρεσβυτέρου καὶ Παπνοῦτε Σφληνικοῦ καὶ Γερμανος περὶ τοῦ μελισσουργοῦ ☩ | ☩ ἀσφάλεια γενομένη ὑπὸ Ἡλιας πρεσβυτέρου καὶ Παπνοῦτε Σφληνικοῦ καὶ Γερμανος περὶ τοῦ μελισσουργοῦ ☩ |
Provenance
- title
- DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50
- dialect
- sahidic
- source
- DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50 (TM 87797), EpiDoc TEI from corpus/incoming/ddbdp-papyri-info/extracted/idp.data-master/DDbDP/87/87797.xml (github.com/papyri/idp.data, branch master, staged 2026-09-10 by worker W-B2)
- licence
- CC-BY 3.0 — Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri, via the papyri.info IDP data repository (github.com/papyri/idp.data), tarball of branch master fetched 2026-09-10, sha256 b4bbfdc3…10fcaf. The repository README says verbatim "This data is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, with copyright and attribution to the respective projects", and every file's TEI header repeats it. Attribution only — NO ShareAlike
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- file
- Documentary/DDbDP/p.mon.apollo.1.50.papyri-info.L0.txt
- title
- DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50 — L0.5 (editorial symbols)
- dialect
- sahidic
- source
- DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50 (TM 87797) — generated from p.mon.apollo.1.50.papyri-info.L0.txt by tools/papyri_l05.py (the edition's Leiden marks as the project symbol scheme, ruling PAP-1 2026-09-26)
- licence
- CC-BY 3.0 — Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri, via the papyri.info IDP data repository (github.com/papyri/idp.data), tarball of branch master fetched 2026-09-10, sha256 b4bbfdc3…10fcaf. The repository README says verbatim "This data is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, with copyright and attribution to the respective projects", and every file's TEI header repeats it. Attribution only — NO ShareAlike
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- generated by
- tools/papyri_l05.py to_l05() v2 (PAP-2: reads the printed L0, 2026-09-28; mapping unchanged since v1, PAPYRI-L05 2026-09-26) on the L0 text — ruling PAP-1 (Yousef 2026-09-26); symbols R-6 (RULED 2026-09-10, CLAUDE.md §3.9), lacuna mark O-6 (DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09)
- file
- Documentary/DDbDP/p.mon.apollo.1.50.papyri-info.L0.5.txt
- title
- DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50 — Cairene
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from p.mon.apollo.1.50.papyri-info.L0.5.txt (DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50 (TM 87797), EpiDoc TEI from corpus/incoming/ddbdp-papyri-info/extracted/idp.data-master/DDbDP/87)
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- generated by
- tools/segment_sahidic.py segment() (SC-9 c) then tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier c, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: lexeme_open=1 numeral_single_ambiguous=4 stroke_kept=8 tokens=64
- file
- Documentary/DDbDP/p.mon.apollo.1.50.papyri-info.L1.txt
- title
- DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50 — Kemetic
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from p.mon.apollo.1.50.papyri-info.L1.txt
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- generated by
- tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
- file
- Documentary/DDbDP/p.mon.apollo.1.50.papyri-info.L2.txt
- what it is
- DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
- lines
- 0 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 20 model drafts (marked “draft”)
L0 witness
L0.5 transliteration
L1 Cairene
L2 Kemetic
English
Cite as:
DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50. DDbDP p.mon.apollo.1.50 (TM 87797), EpiDoc TEI from corpus/incoming/ddbdp-papyri-info/extracted/idp.data-master/DDbDP/87/87797.xml (github.com/papyri/idp.data, branch master, staged 2026-09-10 by worker W-B2). Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/documentary/ddbdp/p.mon.apollo.1.50.papyri-info/. © Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri / Digital Corpus of Literary Papyri (papyri.info, IDP data), licensed CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), "with copyright and attribution to the respective projects"; the edition credited in this document's own `# edition:` line is the project to credit. Changes: the Coptic edition div extracted from the EpiDoc TEI to plain text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.