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Licence: public domain — Hugh G. Evelyn-White (d. 1924), completed by W. Hauser (d. 1959) and W. E. Crum (d. 1944), The Monasteries of the Wâdi ’n Natrûn, Part I: New Coptic Texts from the Monastery of Saint Macarius, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition 1926; public domain in the United States by age (published before 1930) AND in Canada by the LICENCES.md §7 author-death-year rule (died ≤ 1971); scan from archive.org, identifier monasteriesofwdi01evel, fetched 2026-09-23; the item states: nothing — no licenseurl, no rights, no possible-copyright-status (Princeton Theological Seminary Library scan; the alternate copy monasteriesofwad0000evel states nothing either; the Met's own MetPublications page could not be read by script, HTTP 429)
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140 lines · a line number is a link to itselfA part of a container file (WORK-9): lines 18,440–18,635, pdf pp. 238-241 of New Coptic Texts from the Monastery of Saint Macarius (Evelyn-White 1926) — a witness of Homily on Penitence by Severian of Gabala (ruling WORK-1: a container is read inside the compositions it holds). Only this range is shown here; the whole file holds every part. Fragment only: this is the only copy of the work served on this site, and it is a fragment of the work.
| ref | L0 witness (OCR) |
|---|---|
| 1 | A. SEVERIAN OF GABALA |
| 2 | Homily on Penitence. |
| 3 | Parchment. Two fragments (Cairo, 34, 3) from a single Ms. Theformer (17.7 x 16 cm.), the upper part of the |
| 4 | first leaf of a fourth quire, is headed = ⲛⲁⲓ & ⲛⲁⲛ [. .];! the second (27 x 15.5 cm.) is the larger portion |
| 5 | of a leaf from which the outer and lower edges have been torn.? Both in script and general style the fragments |
| 6 | are closely similar to Nos. xx1ic and xxix. The arbitrary shortening of the lines is a noteworthy feature. |
| 7 | The contents indicate that the two leaves are consecutive, for Frag. 1 verso introduces the Angels who |
| 8 | separate soul and body—a subject which is continued on Frag. 2 recto. Further, the text of Frag. 1 recto |
| 9 | and verso, ll. 3-6 reproduces the Greek text of the Homily on Penitence spuriously attributed to S. John |
| 10 | Chrysostom? but ascribed by the Copts to Severian of Gabala. Consequently there can be little doubt that |
| 11 | our two fragments once belonged to Cod. Vat. Copt. Lxv111, 9 (brought from the monastery of Saint Macarius |
| 12 | by Assemani), where the Coptic text of the main part, but not the conclusion, of that Homily is preserved. |
| 13 | Presumably when the final attempt to rehabilitate the Library was made,® the concluding quire of this |
| 14 | tract was discarded as too deeply stained or too damaged to be worthy of preservation, and the remainder |
| 15 | was bound up with other matter in the volume of which it now forms part. |
| 16 | As De Vis has remarked,® the Coptic version of the Homily is a paraphrase rather than a translation of the |
| 17 | Greek. The new fragments bear out this view; for though Frag. ⲓ recto follows the Greek fairly closely, the |
| 18 | presence of Angels at the death-bed, on which the Coptic lays stress (Frag. 1 verso—2 recto), is there barely |
| 19 | suggested by the words:. ..dyyéhovs poBepols ⲧⲟⲩ ddveiov Ths Yruyfs ϭⲟⲙ dmairotvras. éav pév ⲫ TLRS |
| 20 | aka ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲓ ϥⲕⲱ 17 Yuyn, ⲡⲟⲩ TOV ⲩⲩⲉ⸍ⲗⲱⲩ Sopudopnhicerar: éav ⲉ̀ avihews ⲧⲣⲟⲩϩ Tovs ouodUAovs ⲧⲉⲧⲟ |
| 21 | avaTpadeloa, avilews kaTaxpidicerar. |
| 22 | 1 The heading is written in yellow-brown ink (as is the |
| 23 | note or rubric ϣⲟⲣⲡⲓ (szc), inscribed on the extreme upper |
| 24 | edge). The faded quire-number ⲇ̅ has been retraced in black |
| 25 | ink by a later hand. The half-petition ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ corre- |
| 26 | sponded to ⲓ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡ︦ⲥ︦ on the opposite (left-hand) page. |
| 27 | 2 The upper and left margins have been cropped, doubt- |
| 28 | less to supply material for bookbinders, as also the left |
| 29 | margin of Frag. ⲓ. |
| 30 | 3 See P.G. Lx, 767-8. It is not found in the Armenian |
| 31 | collection of sermons by Severian: see Aucher, Severiani |
| 32 | . . .Homiliae (Venice, 1827). |
| 33 | 4 See the edition by H. De Vis, Homélies Coples de la |
| 34 | Vaticane, pp. 198 ff. Unfortunately De Vis says nothing |
| 35 | about the Coptic pagination of the Vatican fragment. |
| 36 | 5 See Introduction, § 4. |
| 37 | 6 ed. cit., ⲣ. 108. |
| page 239 | |
| 38 | HOMILETIC FRAGMENTS |
| 39 | Frag. 1 (Cairo, no. 34). |
| 40 | ⲉ︦ |
| 41 | ⲛ︦ ⲫ ⲛ︦ rs) |
| 42 | ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ +]... ⲡⲓⲧⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓ̄ ⲛⲥⲱⲥ |
| 43 | ⲉ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲩⲡⲅ[ⲉ‐ ⲛⲧⲟⲩ]ⲟⲗⲥ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϯ‐ |
| 44 | ⲛⲏⲥ ⲉⲩⲟϩⲓ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲟ[ⲕ ⲉⲩ‐ gan] ⲙⲫϯ |
| 45 | ⲣⲓⲙⲓ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ «+ Jo ϩⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛ̄ⲁⲑⲛⲁⲓ |
| 46 | 5 ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲃⲟⲏⲑⲓⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ...] ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ ⲛⲉⲥϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛ̄- |
| 47 | ⲛⲁⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲓⲙⲓ ⲉⲩϫ[ⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲅⲉⲛⲟ]ⲥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϩⲏⲕⲓ |
| 48 | ⲉ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϥⲓ ⲉⲑⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ ⲡϣⲟⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ- ⲛⲉ |
| 49 | Den ⲡⲉⲕϣⲁⲓ ⲉⲩϣ[ⲑ]ⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲁⲣⲉ.. ] ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓ̄ ⲛⲥⲱⲥ ϯϩⲟϯ ⲛⲁⲥ |
| 50 | ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙ̃ⲕⲁϩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ..ⲁϣ . Jie ⲉⲧⲓ ⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ |
| 51 | ⲓⲟ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲓϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϣⲱ[ⲛⲓ ⲉⲧ‐ ⲓⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲥⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲡⲉⲃⲓⲏⲛ |
| 52 | ϩⲟⲣϣ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϩⲓϫⲱⲕ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩϩⲓⲧⲥ] ⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲁⲕⲓ ⲉⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ |
| 53 | ϫⲓ ⲛ̄ϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲣⲓⲙⲓ] ϥⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙ̃‐ |
| 54 | ⲙ ) ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛⲧⲉ |
| 55 | Ⲟⲩⲟϩ. ⲛⲓⲛⲁϫϩⲓ] |
| 56 | . ⲛⲉ f ⲧ da |
| 57 | * ⲉ ⲛ 1 sic (not ⲛⲓⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ) : ⲉ is added above the line by a |
| 58 | second hand. |
| 59 | ϫ.. ⲫⲓⲥⲓ surround thee, when thou beholdest? thy friends and thy kindred standing by thee lamenting |
| 60 | for thee; and no help cometh to thee through their weeping, as they watch the breath? which goeth up from |
| 61 | thy nostril, convulsed with grief because of the anguish of the heavy sickness which lieth upon thee;. . . |
| 62 | ϫ.. the last when they? come for it (sc. thy soul) to take it away to God the Judge. ..a soul pitiless |
| 63 | towards its race-fellows, that is, the poor,?. . . when they come for it, I fear. . ., while they are still bringing it |
| 64 | forth from its wretched body to cast it into the outer darkness where there shall be weeping and gnashing |
| 65 | of teeth,’. .. |
| 66 | ϫ * * ⲙ * |
| 67 | 1 =P.G. LX, 767 pa Tovs kikAe ϭⲟⲙ TepeaTdras ⲫⲟⲩ, 4 Cp. the Greek &w ⲟⲉ dvilews mpds Tovs Guogilous |
| 68 | yelrovas, ovyyevels &c. ⲧⲉⲩϥⲧⲟ &c. (quoted in the Introductory Note). |
| 69 | 2 Or ‘the spirit which goeth up from,” &c. 5 Maitth. viii, 12. |
| 70 | 3 sc. the Angels who separate soul and body (cp. |
| 71 | Frag. 2). |
| 72 | 179 |
| 73 | ϫ Recto |
| 74 | ⲭ Verso |
| page 240 | |
| 75 | * Recto |
| 76 | * Verso |
| 77 | NEW TEXTS FROM THE MONASTERY OF SAINT MACARIUS |
| 78 | Frag. 2 (Cairo, no. 3). |
| 79 | ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲫⲟⲣϫⲧ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲁ[ⲗⲗⲁ ⲣⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲛ‐ |
| 80 | ⲭⲁⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ f= ⲥⲱⲧ]ⲉⲙ ⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲓ ⲣⲏϯ |
| 81 | ⲧⲁⲉⲣⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲛ Ben] ⲟⲩⲓⲱⲥ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡⲉⲣⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓ‐ |
| 82 | ⲕϩⲉϫϩⲱϫ ⲕⲛⲉϩⲡⲓ ⲕⲑ .[ ⲍⲉⲥ ⲑⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϯⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉⲙ‐ |
| 83 | 5 ⲛϩⲁⲛϩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁ[ⲕ 5 ⲙⲁⲩ] |
| 84 | Ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲗⲟⲓⲡⲟⲛ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ Ϩⲓⲛⲁ] ⲛⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲛⲥⲉⲃ‐ |
| 85 | ⲉ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛ̄ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲧⲱ]ⲧ ⲕⲁⲛ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲩⲛⲏ‐ |
| 86 | ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲩϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲑⲓⲁ]ⲧⲉ ⲉⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ |
| 87 | Ϫⲉ & ϯϫⲟⲃⲓ ⲙⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲱ ϯ... Ⲟⲩⲟϩ] ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ |
| 88 | ⲓⲟ ⲛϣⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲥ ⲓⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϭⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲛ ⲉⲛⲉⲣⲙⲉⲧⲁ‐ |
| 89 | ⲛⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϣⲛϧ ⲛⲟⲓ ⲛ] |
| 90 | ⲁⲣⲉⲁⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲉⲉⲣⲁⲙⲉⲗⲓⲏⲥ ⲙⲡⲉϯⲣⲥⲱⲣⲉⲙ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϥϣⲟⲡ |
| 91 | ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ ⲉⲣⲙⲉⲧ‐ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲡϯϩⲁⲡ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲕⲟ‐ |
| 92 | AMON ⲗⲁⲥⲓⲥ | ϩⲁⲛϣⲁ ⲉⲡⲉϩ |
| 93 | 5 UI ϯϯⲩⲭⲏ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲩ... 15 ⲛⲉ] |
| 94 | ⲛϫⲉ ⲫⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ane.[ . . . . ⲟⲩⲭⲣⲱⲙ | ⲟⲩⲁⲧϭⲉⲛⲟ ⲡⲉ |
| 95 | ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲩϫⲱⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϫⲉ ⲛⲓ... ⲟⲩϥⲉⲛⲧ | ⲟⲩⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ⲡⲉ |
| 96 | ⲟⲩⲭⲁⲕⲓ | ϥⲧⲉⲙⲑⲱⲙ |
| 97 | ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ] ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲣⲧⲁⲣⲟⲥ |
| 98 | ⲡⲓ ⲁⲩϧⲱⲛⲧ ⲛ̄ϫⲉ ⲛⲓ- |
| 99 | ϧⲓⲥⲓ |
| 100 | 20 Ⲁ]ϥⲉⲣⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲓⲛ ⲛ̄ϫⲉ. .. ⲍⲟ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲧ ⲛ̄ϧⲏⲧϥ ⲡⲓⲣⲓⲙⲓ |
| 101 | ⲫⲱⲣϫ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ O[. . .. ...... ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲥⲑⲉⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ |
| 102 | ⲱ ϯⲯⲩϩⲥⲏ ⲟⲩ ⲧⲧⲧ. ⲛⲓⲛⲁϫϩⲓ] |
| 103 | ϯ ϩⲁⲡ ⲉⲣⲟ ⲉ ⲡⲓ[ Fro Ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲉ]ⲧ ⲁ ⲡϭ︦ⲥ︦ ϫⲟⲥ ⲉϥ‐ |
| 104 | ϯⲥⲃⲱ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛ|ⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ |
| 105 | ⲛⲉϩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲛⲉϩⲃ[ⲏ‐ |
| 106 | ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ | Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲁⲧ‐ |
| 107 | 25 ⲟⲩⲓ̄ 25 |
| 108 | Ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲁⲕ af ⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲛⲑⲟϥ ⲡⲉ] |
| 109 | ) Hexae ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲡⲕⲁ]ϩⲓ ⲛⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲟ[ϩ |
| 110 | ⲛⲓⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ̄ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲓ |
| 111 | . Hm |
| 112 | ⲛⲟⲩϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ [ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲙ‐ |
| 113 | ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲟⲩ ⲉ |
| 114 | ⲁⲗ]ⲗⲁ .. |
| 115 | ⲕ * * |
| 116 | [The soul will say to the Angels of death] Ⲣⲟ not separate me from my body, but leave me a little while |
| 117 | that [ may repent.”! Thou art distressed, thou grievest, thou [recallest ?] thy deeds, that they may have |
| 118 | mercy upon thee. |
| 119 | Then when the Angels hear these things, they say unto us:? “O wretched soul! O miserable (soul) ! All |
| 120 | the days of thy life thou didst spend in heedlessness; and now thou desirest to repent. O soul, from hence- |
| 121 | forth the light of thy. . .[is gone 7], ended now are [pleasures 7}, afflictions draw nigh. [God 7] hath commanded |
| 122 | (us) to separate (thee from thy body). ..O soul, a. ..will pass judgment on thee for ever (?) according to |
| 123 | thy works.” Thou hast not. . .of hope at that time to repent, but. . . |
| 124 | * * * * *k ⲕ |
| 125 | [Since we shall be dismayed] *of a truth, my brethren, when we hear such things as these, let us make |
| 126 | haste to strive because of that time that we may find ourselves prepared, even if our habit be to sin, and |
| 127 | let us return and take upon us to repent. Be not deceived, my brethren: there is the Place of Judgment, and |
| 128 | the punishments are everlasting—fire that is not quenched, the worm that dieth not, thick darkness.® These |
| 129 | are the things that are in Tartarus, the place wherein shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.* For harken to |
| 130 | those things which the Lord saith in His teaching on all these matters in the Gospel—and He is infallible, |
| 131 | for He said: “The earth shall pass away and the Heavens also shall pass ⲛ... |
| 132 | * ⲕ * * ⲛ ⲕ |
| 133 | 1 Cp. .oll. Pair., Sisoes x1v (P.G. LXV, 36 where For what follows cp. the reproaches of the Guardian Angels |
| 134 | Sisoes says: i0ov, dyyehot ϥⲗⲑⲟⲩ Aafetv pe, koi wapaxadd in the Apocalypseof Paul (Budge, Misc. Copt. Texts, p. 556). |
| 135 | va ⲉ̀ⲫⲉϭⲱ̀ peravooar pupév. (Sisoes XLIX is a variant of 3 =P.G. LX, 768: ope ⲙⲟⲓ ⲧⲟⲩⲩ okdAnka ⲧⲟⲩⲩ dkolpnTov |
| 136 | the same anecdote.) ⲕⲧ.ⲗ. |
| 137 | 2 For the beings who attend on death-beds cp. the Boh. 4 Maith. vin, 12. |
| 138 | Life of Pisenti (extract ap. Budge, Copt. Apocrypha, p. 329). 5 id. XX1V, 35. |
| 139 | 180 |
| page 241 | |
| 140 | HOMILETIC FRAGMENTS |
Provenance
- title
- Evelyn-White, The Monasteries of the Wâdi ’n Natrûn, Part I: New Coptic Texts from the Monastery of Saint Macarius (1926) — OCR
- dialect
- mixed
- source
- corpus/incoming/w-boh-evelyn-white-wadi-natrun-i-1926/monasteriesofwdi01evel.pdf (staged 2026-09-23 by worker W-BOH; provenance, terms as fetched and SHA-256 in corpus/incoming/w-boh-evelyn-white-wadi-natrun-i-1926/README.md); OCR by tools/batch_ocr.py (A5d, tools/run_a5d.sh), model coptic+eng; page files: L0/ocr/Incoming/monasteriesofwdi01evel/pages
- licence
- public domain — Hugh G. Evelyn-White (d. 1924), completed by W. Hauser (d. 1959) and W. E. Crum (d. 1944), The Monasteries of the Wâdi ’n Natrûn, Part I: New Coptic Texts from the Monastery of Saint Macarius, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition 1926; public domain in the United States by age (published before 1930) AND in Canada by the LICENCES.md §7 author-death-year rule (died ≤ 1971); scan from archive.org, identifier monasteriesofwdi01evel, fetched 2026-09-23; the item states: nothing — no licenseurl, no rights, no possible-copyright-status (Princeton Theological Seminary Library scan; the alternate copy monasteriesofwad0000evel states nothing either; the Met's own MetPublications page could not be read by script, HTTP 429)
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- public
- OCR
- tesseract coptic+eng (models/coptic.traineddata v3c), 300 dpi, psm 3, 476 of 476 pages, mean word confidence 80.8 (Tesseract's own figure — NOT a CER, CLAUDE.md §1.3); apparatus language eng (genre_map). Raw page text: the edition's apparatus, translation and running heads are interleaved with the Coptic, and a Greek or Latin word can come out as Coptic letters. `=== page N ===` markers are PDF pages
- file
- Hagiography/New Coptic Texts from the Monastery of Saint Macarius (Evelyn-White 1926)/Evelyn-White, The Monasteries of the Wâdi ’n Natrûn, Part I- New Coptic Texts from the Monastery of Saint Macarius (1926.ocr.L0.txt
L0 witness (OCR)
Cite as:
XXXV A. Severian of Gabala, Homily on Penitence — lines 18440–18635, pdf pp. 238-241 (Evelyn-White, The Monasteries of the Wâdi ’n Natrûn, Part I: New Coptic Texts from the Monastery of Saint Macarius (1926) — OCR). corpus/incoming/w-boh-evelyn-white-wadi-natrun-i-1926/monasteriesofwdi01evel.pdf (staged 2026-09-23 by worker W-BOH; provenance, terms as fetched and SHA-256 in corpus/incoming/w-boh-evelyn-white-wadi-natrun-i-1926/README.md); OCR by tools/batch_ocr.py (A5d, tools/run_a5d.sh), model coptic+eng; page files: L0/ocr/Incoming/monasteriesofwdi01evel/pages. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/hagiography/new-coptic-texts-from-the-monastery-of-saint-macarius-evelyn-white-1926/evelyn-white-the-monasteries-of-the-wadi-n-natrun-part-i-new-coptic-texts-from-t-69082f/L18440-18635/.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.