Oldfather – Diodorus of Sicily, vol. I: books I–II.34 (Loeb 279, 1933) — archive.org text layer

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Attribution: Oldfather – Diodorus of Sicily, vol. I: books I–II.34 (Loeb 279, 1933); public domain in Canada (death year verified: Oldfather d.1954 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064817 d. 1954-08-20; creator field "(1887-1954)" in https://archive.org/metadata/diodorus-of-sicily-in-twelve-volumes.-vol.-1-loeb-279) — staged at corpus/incoming/histories/historians/diodorus-bibliotheca-i/diodorus-loeb-279-vol1.pdf from https://archive.org/details/diodorus-of-sicily-in-twelve-volumes.-vol.-1-loeb-279 (HIST-1, 2026-09-29)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): US: published 1931–1963 — renewal not checked (records the US position only; PD-CA 2026-09-26: Canada decides)

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ref	L0 witness
p. 224
21207	DIODORUS OF SICILY
21208	7T o r a f i o v
21209	епХррш ст е
21210	т рѵ
21211	n o \ i v
21212	ѵЬ ат оч.
21213	т аѵт а
21214	/леѵ о ѵ ѵ е п о і р а е ѵ еѵ тр М p h l a .
21215	14. М ета he т аѵт а е п р Х Ѳ е т рѵ те ПерстІЬа
21216	к а \ трѵ а Х Х р ѵ % ю р а ѵ а п а с г а ѵ р ч е п р р х е к а т а
21217	т р у
21218	А с п а ѵ .
21219	7г а ѵ т а у о ѵ Se та р,еѵ opt]
21220	к а і та?
21221	а п о р р ш у а ч 7гетра? Ь іако п т о ѵ ст а
21222	катесткеѵастеѵ
21223	оЬоѵч п о Х ѵ т е Х е іч , еѵ he тоіч п е Ы о і ч етгоіеі х ш р ,а т а ,
21224	7готе р.еѵ т а ф о ѵ ч к а т а а к еѵ сі^ о ѵ ст а тоіч теХеѵтшсгі
21225	тшѵ р у е р о ѵ ш ѵ , тгот е h e п б Х е і ч еѵ тоіч аѵасттррасті
21226	2 кат оік і^ оѵ ст а.
21227	еіш Ѳ еі he к а і к а т а тач сттрато-
21228	7ГеЬ е іа ч р і к р а
21229	у о з р м т а
21230	к а т а а к е ѵ а ^ е і ѵ ,
21231	і ф '
21232	шѵ
21233	каѲісттаста т рѵ i h i a v а к р ѵ р ѵ ат гасгаѵ к а т ш п т е ѵ е
21234	трѵ i r a p e p f j o X p v h io к а і ттоХХа к а т а трѵ ’А ст іа ѵ
21235	Р’і х р і тоѵ
21236	ѵѵ ѵ h i a p e v e i тшѵ ѵтг' е к е іѵ р ч
21237	к а т а
21238	ет кеѵастѲеѵтшѵ к а і к а Х е і т а і 3Lep.ipdp.iho4 е р у а .
21239	3
21240	М ета he т а ѵ т а трѵ те А і у ѵ п т о ѵ паст аѵ еттрХѲе
21241	к а і
21242	трч
21243	А і / З ѵ р ч
21244	т а
21245	пХеістта
21246	кат аст т реф гареѵр
21247	7т аррХѲ еѵ еіч “А р р ш ѵ а , х Р Ѵ а о Н-ІрѴ Т Ѵ Ѳеш тгері
21248	трч ІЬ іа ч теХеѵтрч.
21249	Х е у е т а і
21250	h ’
21251	а ѵ т р
21252	у е ѵ е а Ѳ а і
21253	Х о у ю ѵ е% а ѵ Ѳ р а п гш ѵ а ф аѵ кт Ѳ раест Ѳ аі к а і к а т а
21254	трѵ ’А ст іа ѵ
21255	тгар’
21256	еѵ іо іч
21257	тшѵ
21258	еѲѵшѵ
21259	а Ѳ а ѵ а т о ѵ
21260	теѵ^естѲаі т ір р ч• 07ге/э е а е а Ѳ а і к а Ѳ ' оѵ а ѵ ^ р о ѵ о ѵ
21261	4 о ѵ іо ч а ѵ т р Ntima? е п і / З о ѵ Х е ѵ а р .
21262	а п о he тоѵ-
21263	тшѵ у е ѵ о р е ѵ р трч А І Ѳ ю п і а ч е п р Х Ѳ е т а п Х е і а т а
21264	к а т а ет т р еф о р еѵ р к а і та к а т а т рѵ х ш р а ѵ Ѳ е ш р е ѵ р
21265	n a p a h o ^ a .
21266	e l v a i
21267	y a p
21268	еѵ
21269	а ѵ т р
21270	ф а с п
21271	Х і р ѵ р ѵ
21272	т ет р а уш ѵ о ѵ , т рѵ р е ѵ п е р і р е т р о ѵ e ^ o v a a v п о Ь ш ѵ
21273	шч
21274	е к а т о ѵ е ^ р к о ѵ т а , то
21275	h’
21276	v h w p тр р е ѵ %/эоа
21277	п а р а п Х р с п о ѵ
21278	K i v v a f t a p e i ,
21279	трѵ
21280	h’
21281	остррѵ
21282	к а Ѳ '
21283	ѵ п е р /З о Х р ѵ p h e i a v ,
21284	о ѵ к а ѵ о р ш о ѵ оіѵ ш п а Х а і ш •
21285	1 This is obviously an attempt to explain the many mounds
21286	which dotted the landscape of this region in the time of
21287	396
21288	BOOK II. 13. 8-14. 4
21289	which flowed from the lake, and filled the city with
21290	water.
21291	Now this is what she did in Media.
21292	14.
21293	A fter this she visited Persis and every other
21294	country over which she ruled throughout Asia.
21295	Everywhere she cut through the mountains and the
21296	precipitous cliffs and constructed expensive roads,
21297	while on the plains she made mounds, sometimes
21298	constructing them as tombs for those of her generals
21299	who died, and sometimes founding cities on their
21300	tops.
21301	And it was also her custom, whenever she
21302	made camp, to build little mounds, upon which
21303	setting her tent she could look down upon all the
21304	encampment.
21305	As a consequence many of the works
21306	she built throughout Asia remain to this day and are
21307	called Works of Semiramis.1
21308	A fter this she visited all Egypt, and after subduing
21309	most of Libya she went also to the oracle of Ammon 2
21310	to inquire of the god regarding her own end.
21311	And
21312	the account runs th at the answer was given her that
21313	she would disappear from among men and receive
21314	undying honour among some of the peoples of Asia,
21315	and th at this would take place when her son Ninyas
21316	should conspire against her.
21317	Then upon her return
21318	from these regions she visited most of Ethiopia, sub
21319	duing it as she w ent and inspecting the wonders of the
21320	land.
21321	For in th at country, they say, there is a lake,
21322	square in form, writh a perim eter of some hundred and
21323	sixty feet, and its w ater is like cinnabar in colour and
21324	the odour of it is exceeding sweet, not unlike th a t of
21325	Diodorus as well as to-day and are the remains of ancient
21326	dwelling sites.
21327	2 The shrine of Zeus-Ammon in the Oasis of Siwah, which is
21328	described in Book 17. 50, in connection with the celebrated
21329	visit to it of Alexander.
21330	397
p. 225
21331	DIODORUS OF SICILY
21332	Su va p iv S ' e%eiv
21333	TrapaSo^ov
21334	tov y a p
21335	iriovTa
21336	4>acrlv elg p a v ia v e p ir’iirTeiv kcu irdvd' a. nrpoTepov
21337	SieXaOev d p a p rrja a ^
21338	eavTov
21339	/caTTjyopeiv.
21340	t o i5
21341	p ev
21342	ovv
21343	T a v r a
21344	Xeyovcriv
21345	ovk
21346	a v
21347	t i 5 paSLm5
21348	avy/caTadoiTO.
21349	15.
21350	Tacfjdg Se tgov TeXevTT]<rdvTcov ISico5 1 ol
21351	Kara tt)v AWioiriav voiovvTar Tapr^evaavTeg
21352	yap t& a go par a ical TrepfyeavTes avrolt ttoXXtjv
21353	veXov itTTatriv €7ri aTjjXrjg, Scrre toi5 7rapiovai
21354	<f>aivecrdai Sia rr 75 veXov to tov TeTeXevT/jxoTO1}
21355	2 crcopa, Kaddirep 'H/>oSoto5 eiprj/ce.
21356	K.Tr]criag S' 6
21357	K 1/1 S1 0 5 diro<paivopevo<; to v to v c^eStdfetv, auro?
21358	<
21359	to pev auipa Tapi^eveadai, Ttjv pevToi ye
21360	veXov pr) uepvytiadai yvpvols rot5 ampacn- /eara-
21361	KavQrpaeaQal yap Tat/Ta /cal XvpavOevTa TeXecos
21362	3 tt)V opoioTTjTa prj Svvrjaecrdai StaTrjpelv.
21363	Sio /cal
21364	•Xpvariv e'ucova /caTaa/cevd^eodai KoiXrjv, els f}v
21365	evTedevTO<i t o v ve/cpov irepl Tpv el/cova yelaOai
21366	Trjv veXov tov Se /caTaa/cevdapaTOi TedevTOt eirl
21367	tov Tacf/ov Sia r »?5 veXov (fiavrjvai
21368	tov ■ypvaov
21369	4 atfraspoiaypevov to> t eTeXevTT)/cot 1.
21370	t o v s pev ovv
21371	TrXovaLov; ai/Twv ovtgo ddiTTeodai (fyrjcn, tow? S'
21372	¿XaTTOva<i /caTaXnrovTat overlap dpyvpd<; Tvy%a-
21373	veiv el/covos, t o v s Se Trevr)Ta<; /cepapivipf- tt]v Se
21374	veXov iratriv e£ap/ceiv Sia to nXeiaTijv yevvaadai
21375	1 ISlas Bekker, V ogel: W as Dindorf.
21376	1 Herodotus (3. 24) says nothing of the sort.
21377	According to
21378	him the body is shrunk and covered with gypsum, which is
21379	painted in such a way as to make it resemble a living man;
21380	then “ they set it within a hollow pillar of hyelos.” It is diffi
21381	cult to understand how some translators and commentators
21382	take this word to mean “ porcelain,’ ’ for Herodotus goes on
21383	398
21384	BOOK II. 14. 4-15. 4
21385	old w ine; moreover, it has a rem arkable pow er; for
21386	whoever has drunk of it, they say, falls into a frenzy
21387	and accuses him self of every sin which he had
21388	formerly com mitted in secret.
21389	However, a man may
21390	not readily agree with those who tell such things.
21391	15.
21392	In the burial of their dead the inhabitants of
21393	Ethiopia follow customs peculiar to them selves; for
21394	after they have embalmed the body and have poured
21395	a heavy coat of glass over it they stand it on a pillar,
21396	so th at the body of the dead man is visible through
21397	the glass to those who pass by.
21398	This is the statem ent
21399	of H erodotus.1
21400	But Ctesias of Cnidus, declaring that
21401	Herodotus is inventing a tale, gives for his part this
21402	account. The body is indeed embalmed, but glass is
21403	not poured about the naked bodies, for they would be
21404	burned and so completely disfigured th a t they could
21405	no longer preserve their likeness.
21406	For this reason
21407	they fashion a hollow statue of gold and when the
21408	corpse has been put into this they pour the glass over
21409	the statue, and the figure, prepared in this way, is
21410	then placed at the tomb, and the gold, fashioned as it
21411	is to resemble the deceased, is seen through the glass.
21412	Now the rich among them are buried in this wise, he
21413	says, but those who leave a smaller estate receive a
21414	silver statue, and the poor one made of earthenware ;
21415	as for the glass, there is enough of it for everyone,
21416	to say that “ it is quarried by them in abundance and is easy
21417	to work.” In Herodotus’ day it probably meant some trans
21418	parent stone, perhaps alabaster (cp. M. L. Trowbridge,
21419	Philological Studies in A n cien t Glass (University of Illinois
21420	Studies in Language and Literature, 1928), pp. 23 ff.); but by
21421	the time of Diodorus hyelos was the term used for “ glass.”
21422	Strabo (17. 2. 3) agrees with Diodorus in saying that in one
21423	manner of burial the Ethiopians “ poured glass over ’ ’ the
21424	bodies of the dead.
21425	399
p. 226
21426	DIODORUS OF SICILY
21427	Kara
21428	ttjv Aldioirlav Kal
21429	TeXecos
21430	7rapa
21431	tois
21432	5 iy^copiots emiroXa^eiv.
21433	Trepl he tS)v voplpcov
21434	tcov rrapa tois A lOioyJri Kal tcov aXXcov tcov yivo-
21435	pevcov ev rfj tovtcov %copa ra KVpicoTaTa Kal
21436	pvppijs agta piKpov vcTTepov avaypd-^ropev, orav
21437	Kal ra ? 7raXaias aiiTcbv 7Tpageis Kal pvdoXoytas
21438	hte^lcopev.
21439	16.
21440	'H he 'Zepipapis KaTaaTijaaaa rd re « a r a
21441	ttjv AWioirlav Kal ttjv AtyviTTOV eiravrjXde per a
21442	trjs hvvdpecos els Batcrpa ttjs ’Aalas.
21443	e^ot/cra Se
21444	Suvapeis peydXas Kal iroXv^poviov elprjvrjv ayovaa
21445	cfuXoTtpcos eaye irpaljai ti Xapirpov Kara voXe-
21446	2 pov.
21447	TTwdavopevTj he
21448	to
21449	tStv
21450	’ Ii>8coi> edvos
21451	peyicnov elvai tcov « a r a ttjv olKovpevtjv Kal
21452	•irXeicnrjv Te Kal KaXXiaTrjv ycbpav vepecrdai,
21453	hievoeiTO arparevetv els ttjv ’ I voiktjv, rjs efiaai-
21454	Xeve
21455	pev
21456	2ra/3po/3aTp?
21457	KaT
21458	¿Kelvovs
21459	tovs
21460	Xpovous,
21461	arparicorcov
21462	h'
21463	el^ev
21464	dvapldprjTov
21465	TrXrjdos* vtttjp^ ov h ai/Tco Kal eXecjravTes rroXXol
21466	Kad' inrepftoXrjv Xapirpcbs KeKocrprjpevoi tois els
21467	3 tov rroXepov KaTairXrjKTiKois.
21468	rj yap
21469	’ I vhiKTj
21470	ydrpa hidfyopos ovaa tco KaXXei Kal iroXXots
21471	hieiXrjppevrj iroTapois dpheveTal Te TroXXa^ov Kal
21472	hiTTobs Ka8 eKacnov eviavTov eictfrepei Kapirovs*
21473	hib Kal tcov 7rpos to %rjv eTrnrjheicov toctovtov
21474	e^et TrXrjdos cdcTTe hid iravros acf>6ovov arroXavcriv
21475	tois eyypoplois Trapeyeadai.
21476	Xeyerai he pTjheiroTe
21477	KaT avT-rjv yeyovevai criTohelav rj ipOopdv Kapnwv
21478	4 hid ttjv evKpacriav tcov tottcov.
21479	e%ei he Kal tS>v
21480	eXecjrdvTcov dm orov TrXrjdos, ot Tats Te dXKais
21481	x a l rats tov acbjunos pcbpats ttoXv irpoe^ovai
21482	tcov ¿v tt) Aifivrj yivopevcov, opolcos he ^ pvcrov,
21483	400
21484	BOOK II. 15. 4-16. 4
21485	since it occurs in great abundance in Ethiopia and is
21486	quite current among the inhabitants.
21487	W ith regard to
21488	the customs prevailing among the Ethiopians and the
21489	other features of their country we shall a little later
21490	set forth those th at are the most im portant and
21491	deserving of record, at which tim e we shall also re
21492	count their early deeds and their m ythology.1
21493	16.
21494	But after Semiramis had put in order the affairs
21495	of Ethiopia and Egypt she returned with her force to
21496	Bactra in Asia.
21497	And since she had great forces and
21498	had been at peace for some tim e she became eager to
21499	achieve some brilliant exploit in war.
21500	And when she
21501	was informed th at the Indian nation was the largest
21502	one in the world and likewise possessed both the
21503	most extensive and the fairest country, she purposed
21504	to make a campaign into India.2
21505	Stabrobates at
21506	that tim e was king of the country and had a m ultitude
21507	of soldiers without num ber; and many elephants
21508	were also at his disposal, fitted out in an exceedingly
21509	splendid fashion with such things as would strike
21510	terror in war.
21511	For India is a land of unusual beauty,
21512	and since it is traversed by many rivers it is supplied
21513	with water over its whole area and yields two harvests
21514	each y ea r; consequently it has such an abundance of
21515	the necessities of life th at at all times it favours its
21516	inhabitants with a bounteous enjoyment of them.
21517	And it is said th at because of the favourable climate
21518	in those parts the country has never experienced a
21519	famine or a destruction of crops.
21520	It also has an
21521	unbelievable m ultitude of elephants, which both in
21522	courage and in strength of body far surpass those of
21523	1 T h is is d o n e in B o o k 3. 5 ff.
21524	2 T h is ca m p a ig n w as d o u b te d a lr e a d y b y th e a n c ie n t w rite r s ;
21525	cp . S tr a b o 15. 1. 5 f.
21526	401
p. 227
21527	DIODORUS OF SICILY
21528	a p y v p o v , a iS r /p o v , ^ а Х к о ѵ 777509 S e тоѵтоіч Х іѲ ш ѵ
21529	ттаѵто'ішѵ к а і тгоХѵтеХшѵ еа т іѵ ev a v r f j тгХуѲоч,
21530	ёті
21531	8 e
21532	тшѵ
21533	а Х Х ш ѵ
21534	атгаѵтшѵ (г% е8 Ьѵ тшѵ 777509
21535	т р ѵ ф у ѵ к а і ттХоѵтоѵ 8 іат еіѵоѵт ш ѵ.
21536	'Т т гер шѵ та к а т а р е р о ч у Ц е р і р а р і ч а к о ѵ а а о а
21537	7ГР°ѴХ@Ѵ р у 8 ёѵ т гроа8 ікт )Ѳ еіаа тоѵ тгроч ’І ѵ 8 оѵч
21538	б е ^ е ѵ е у к е іѵ
21539	ттоХероѵ.
21540	о р ш а а 8 ’ а и т у ѵ р е у а Х ш ѵ
21541	к а Ѳ ’
21542	ѵтгер/ЗоХг)Ѵ
21543	т гр о о В е о р е ѵ у ѵ
21544	8 ѵ ѵ а р е ш ѵ ,
21545	е£ -
21546	е п е р ' ф е ѵ а у у ё Х о ѵ ч е іч ат т ааач тач аат рат т еіач,1
21547	8 іа к е Х е ѵ < т а р е ѵ у тоіч еттар^оіч к а т а у р а ф е і ѵ тшѵ
21548	ѵешѵ тоѵч а р іа т о ѵ ч , 8оѵ<та тоѵ а р і Ѳ р о ѵ к а т а та
21549	р е у е Ѳ у
21550	тшѵ
21551	е Ѳ ѵ ш ѵ
21552	т гроаёт а^е
21553	8 ё
21554	тгасгі к а т а -
21555	а к е ѵ а ^ е і ѵ
21556	к а і ѵ а ч ттаѵоттХіач
21557	к а і
21558	тоіч
21559	а Х Х о іч
21560	аттааі
21561	Харттршч
21562	т т а р а у Іѵ е а Ѳ а і
21563	к е к о а р у р е ѵ о ѵ ч
21564	6 р е т а трітоѵ €т09 619 В а к т р а .
21565	рететтерф-ато 8 е
21566	к а і ѵаѵт т ууоѵч е к те Ф о і ѵ і к у 9 к а і І^ ѵ р іа ч к а і
21567	Т&лттроѵ к а і ті)ч а Х Х у 9 туч т га р а Ѳ а Х а т т іо ѵ х ш р а ч ,
21568	о іч
21569	а ф Ѳ о ѵ о ѵ
21570	ѵ Х у ѵ
21571	р е т а у а у о ѵ а а
21572	8 іекеХеѵ<тато
21573	7 к а т а а к е ѵ а ^ е і ѵ ттотаріа ттХоІа 8 іа і р е т а .
21574	о у а р
21575	'1 ѵ 8 оч ттотароч, р ё у і а т о ч шѵ тшѵ ттері тоѵч тоттоѵч
21576	к а і т уѵ /З а с гіХ е Іа ѵ а и т у ч орі^ ш ѵ, тгоХХшѵ ттросг-
21577	вйвіто тгХоішѵ 77/509 т€ т уѵ 8 i a f i a a i v к а і тгроч то
21578	тоѵч ’1758009 ¿ 7го тоѵтшѵ а р ѵ ѵ а а Ѳ а і • ттері 8ё тоѵ
21579	77о т а р о ѵ о ѵ к о ѵ а у ч ѵ Х у 9 а ѵ а у к а і о ѵ у ѵ е к т уч
21580	В а к т р і а ѵ у ч тгеЩ т т а р а к о р І^ е а Ѳ а і та ттХоІа.
21581	8
21582	Ѳ е ш р о ѵ а а 8’ у І ^ е р і р а р і ч еа ѵ т уѵ ёѵ т у тшѵ
21583	еХ еф аѵ т ш ѵ %/эвіа тгоХіі Х е п г о р ё ѵ у ѵ , ёт геѵ о уа а т о 2
21584	к а т й а к е ѵ а ^ е іѵ е іЪ ш Х а 3 тоѵтшѵ тшѵ £ш ш ѵ , ¿Xтті-
21585	% оѵ аа к а т а т т Х у ^ е а Ѳ а і тоѵч ’1 ѵ 8 о ііч 8 і а то v o p i ^ e i v
21586	1 (татрашіат Dindorf : (ттратоя-еЗе/ау.
21587	* ті after iirteofaaTo deleted by Hertlein.
21588	402
21589	BOOK II. 16. 4-8
21590	Libya, and likewise gold, silver, iron, and copper;
21591	furthermore, within its borders are to be found great
21592	quantities of precious stones of every kind and of
21593	practically all other things which contribute to
21594	luxury and wealth .1
21595	W hen Semiramis had received a detailed account
21596	of these facts she was led to begin her war against the
21597	Indians, although she had been done no injury by
21598	them .
21599	And realizing th at she needed an exceedingly
21600	great force in addition to what she had she despatched
21601	messengers to all the satrapies, commanding the
21602	governors to enrol the bravest of the young men and
21603	setting their quota in accordance with the size of each
21604	nation; and she further ordered them all to make
21605	new suits of armour and to be at hand, brilliantly
21606	equipped in every other respect, at Bactra on the
21607	third year thereafter.
21608	She also summoned ship
21609	wrights from Phoenicia, Syria, Cyprus, and the rest
21610	of the lands along the sea, and shipping thither an
21611	abundance of tim ber she ordered them to build river
21612	boats which could be taken to pieces.
21613	For the Indus
21614	river, by reason of its being the largest in that
21615	region and the boundary of her kingdom, required
21616	many boats, some for the passage across and others
21617	from which to defend the former from the Indians;
21618	and since there was no tim ber near the river the
21619	boats had to be brought from Bactriana by land.
21620	Observing th at she was greatly inferior because of
21621	her lack of elephants, Semiramis conceived the plan
21622	of making dummies like these animals, in the hope
21623	th at the Indians would be struck with terror because
21624	1 India is more fully described in chaps. 35 if.
21625	3 eiSo>Aa V ogel: iSiwfia.
21626	403
p. 228
21627	DIODORUS OF SICILY
21628	арторч py8’ elpai то стрроХор ¿Хефартач ¿zeros
21629	9 тшр ката, тур ’Ip8iKyv.
21630	етпХе^аета 8è fioâzv
21631	реХегршр тригкорта pppidbas та piIv Kpéa rots
21632	reypiraïs ка1 roîç ттроч тур тшр катаеткера-
21633	етратшр înrypeerLap тетаурерок hiépeipe, ras 8è
21634	¡Hvpcras
21635	аорратгтооаа ка1 уортор
21636	тгХурорета
21637	катеакебааер ееВшХа, ката 7тар атторерорреру
21638	тур тшр Çwwp тортшр фрыр.
21639	екаеттор 8è тор
21640	тшр eïyep ¿рточ ар8ра тор етпреХуаорерор кас
21641	каруХор,
21642	рф’
21643	op ферорерор
21644	фартааёар
21645	то1ч
21646	тгорршвер opéoaip àXydzpo0 вур'юр 7таре'ьуето.
21647	10 o l
21648	8 е
21649	г а С т а
21650	кат ает керег^орт еч
21651	a i n f j
21652	r e y p î r a i
21653	-т гр о а ека р т ер о р р
21654	тotç e p y o is
21655	ер
21656	tipi irepifüôXep
21657	irepirpKobnpypévq) к а \ ттрХач 'ey opt z т у р о р р е р а ч
21658	¿ т п р еХ ш ч , w a r e p y b é p a р у т е т ш р еетш вер è Ç ié p a i
21659	тe y p iT W P р у т е тшр ë ljw в е р e îe u é p a i 7rpos а р т о р ч .
21660	tovto 8 ' ¿ттоьуетер, отгшч р у 8 е \ ч тшр е ^ ш в е р ’¿¿¡у то
21661	y ip ô p e p o p p y 8 è S ia T rée ry ф > ]ру 7троч '1р8орч rre p ï
21662	ТОРТ ШР.
21663	17.
21664	’ E 7rel S’ a ï те
21665	р у е ч ка.1 т а û y p l a
21666	к а т -
21667	е а к е р а а в у е т а р
21668	¿р
21669	т о к
21670	S v c rlp
21671	ёт ееи ,
21672	тш
21673	тритер
21674	р ет ет гер ф а т о т ач т га р т а у о в е р
21675	8 p v d p e i4 е1ч т ур
21676	B a K T p ia p y p .
21677	то
21678	8е
21679	т т Хувоч
21680	т уч
21681	а в р о 1 а в е е а у ч
21682	сттратеач у р , ш ч К т усгк а ч о К р 18ю ч
21683	а р е у р а ф е ,
21684	тге^ш р p è p T p z a K o a ia i р р р е а В е ч , 'птттешр be еХкоете1
21685	2 р р р ш Ь е ч , а р р а т ш р 8 е В е к а р р р и 1 8 е ч .
21686	Ь т гу р у о р
21687	8 è к а \ â i '8p 64 ¿тг1 к а р у Х ш р o y o v p e v o i, p a y a i р а ч
21688	т е т р а п у у е с ч
21689	ё у о р т е ч ,
21690	то р
21691	а р е в p o p
21692	t a o i
21693	тоХч
21694	d p p a a z .
21695	р а й ч
21696	8 è
21697	т гот аркач
21698	кат еет керает е
21699	8 i a i -
21700	рет а ч
21701	B i a y i X l a s , а1ч
21702	7т а р еа кер а ет а т о к а р у Х о р ч
21703	т ач тте^у т г а р а к о р ^ о в е т а ч т а ет к а ф у.
21704	¿ ф о р о р р
21705	1 cIkoci V o g e l : тгъитъкорта С , B e k k e r , D in d o r f.
21706	404
21707	BOOK IL 16. 8-17. 2
21708	of their belief th at no elephants ever existed at all
21709	apart from those found in India.
21710	Accordingly she
21711	chose out three hundred thousand black oxen and
21712	distributed their m eat among her artisans and the
21713	men who had been assigned to the task of making
21714	the figures, but the hides she sewed together
21715	and stuffed with straw, and thus made dummies,
21716	copying in every detail the natural appearance of
21717	these animals.
21718	Each dummy had within it a man to
21719	take care of it and a camel and, when it was moved
21720	by the latter, to those who saw it from a distance it
21721	looked like an actual animal.
21722	And the artisans who
21723	were engaged in making these dummies for her
21724	worked at their task in a certain court which had
21725	been surrounded by a wall and had gates which were
21726	carefully guarded, so th at no worker within could
21727	pass out and no one from outside could come in to
21728	them.
21729	This she did in order th at no one from the
21730	outside m ight see what was taking place and that no
21731	report about the dummies m ight escape to the
21732	Indians.
21733	17.
21734	When the boats and the beasts had been pre
21735	pared in the two allotted years, on the third she
21736	summoned her forces from everywhere to Bactriana.
21737	And the m ultitude of the army which was assembled,
21738	as Ctesias of Cnidus has recorded, was three million
21739	foot-soldiers, two hundred thousand cavalry, and one
21740	hundred thousand chariots.
21741	There were also men
21742	mounted on camels, carrying swords four cubits long,
21743	as many in number as the chariots.
21744	And river boats
21745	which could be taken apart she built to the number of
21746	two thousand, and she had collected camels to carry
21747	the vessels overland.
21748	Camels also bore the dummies
21749	40S
p. 229
21750	DIODORUS OF SICILY
21751	Be Kal ta t w v eXecjtavTwv el'SwXa KaprfXoi, k u 9 o t i
21752	irpoeipriTai' 77/00? B' avras Tot'S iirnow; ol <npa-
21753	TiwTai
21754	crwayovres
21755	crvvrjdeLt;
21756	etroiovv
21757	too pt]
21758	3 (p o fte ic r& a i r t j v d y p io T tjT a r w v O rjp iw v .
21759	to i r a p a -
21760	irX r)c n o v
21761	Be
21762	7r 0XX015
21763	It ecriv
21764	v c rT e p o v
21765	e ir p a ^ e
21766	T le p c r e v s o
21767	t w v M a K e B b v w v f i a a i X e w ?, o r e w p o s
21768	'Y w p a i o v i
21769	epueX Xe
21770	B ia K iv B v v e v e iv
21771	I^ ootos
21772	etc
21773	A if i v r j S
21774	¿ X e c p a v T a s.
21775	¿XX’
21776	o v t
21777	eK eivcp
21778	poT rrjv
21779	e v e y x e iv
21780	e h too
21781	ir o X e p o v
21782	crvve(3 p T tjv ir e p l ta
21783	T o i a v r a c n r o v B tjv K a l c p iX o T e 'X v ia v o v tc X e p u p a -
21784	p t B r
21785	ir e p l
21786	cov
21787	a K p c fte a r e p o v
21788	o
21789	irp o 'iw v
21790	Xoyo<;
21791	BrjXcocrei.
21792	4
21793	'O Be t w v l v B w v /3acriXev<; X T a f ip o f f a T t ] ? o r v v -
21794	d a v o p c e v o s ta r e p e y e O tj t w v o v o p .a ^ o p .e v w v 1 B v v a -
21795	p e w v
21796	K a l
21797	T p v i n r e p f i o X p v ttjs eh too 7r o X e p o v
21798	T r a p a a K e v r if , e c n r e v B e v e v a i r a a i v v i r e p d e a O a i t t)V
21799	5 X e p i p a p i v .
21800	K a l
21801	ir p w T o v p e v
21802	¿ k
21803	too
21804	K a X d p o v
21805	K a T e a K e v a a e ir X o la
21806	i r o T a p i a tctp a K i a ^ i X i a '
21807	rj
21808	y a p
21809	Iv B iK tj i r a p a
21810	tc toos tr o T a p o ix ; K a l toos
21811	e X w B e is T07T0O5
21812	cpepei
21813	K a X d p o v 7rX ^ os,
21814	oo to
21815	irdyo< ;
21816	o v k
21817	a v
21818	p a B iw s
21819	dv6pw rro< ;
21820	T r e p iX a /3 o r
21821	X e y e T a i Be K a l t o s ¿k t o v t w v K a T a a K e v a ^ o p e v a f
21822	v a v s B ia c p o p o v s K O T a t ^ o % p e ia v in r d p - ^ e iv , o ve rt/?
21823	6 datjTTTO V T a v T tjs T ijs vX t]$.
21824	Troirjcrdpevo<; Be K a l
21825	T tjs t w v ottX cov K aTaiTK tvrj< ; 2 7toX X tjv ¿ tr ip e X e ta v
21826	K a l 7r d a a v e ir e X d w v T tjv ’ Iv B iK tjv r)8pot,cre B v v a p .iv
21827	ir o X v
21828	p e i ^ o v a
21829	ttjs
21830	£ e p i p a p i B i
21831	trv v a ^ d e L c rr j^ .
21832	1 bvoixaC°V^vo)v Vogel: tToipLa^optvuv F, Bekker, Dindorf.
21833	3 KaraoKevrjs V ogel: TrapattKCVTis II, Bekker, Dindorf.
21834	1 i.e. the elephants.
21835	2 In the Third Macedonian War, 171-167 B.c., Polyaenus
21836	(4. 20) says that Perseus constructed wooden dummies of
21837	406
21838	BOOK II. 17. 2-6
21839	of the elephants, as has been m entioned; and the
21840	soldiers, by bringing their horses up to these camels,
21841	accustomed them not to fear the savage nature of
21842	the beasts.1 A similar thing was also done many
21843	years later by Perseus, the king of the Macedonians,
21844	before his decisive conflict with the Romans who had
21845	elephants from Libya.2 But neither in his case did
21846	it turn out th at the zeal and ingenuity displayed in
21847	such m atters had any effect on the conflict, nor in that
21848	of Semiramis, as will be shown more precisely in our
21849	further account.
21850	W hen Stabrobates, the king of the Indians, heard
21851	of the immensity of the forces mentioned and of the
21852	exceedingly great preparations which had been made
21853	for the war, he was anxious to surpass Semiramis in
21854	every respect.
21855	First of all, then, he made four thou
21856	sand river boats out of reeds ; for along its rivers and
21857	marshy places India produces a great abundance of
21858	reeds, so large in diam eter that a man cannot easily
21859	put his arms about them ; 3 and it is said, furthermore,
21860	th at ships built of these are exceedingly serviceable,
21861	since this wood does not rot.
21862	M oreover, he gave
21863	great care to the preparation of his arms and by
21864	visiting all India gathered a far greater force than
21865	that which had been collected by Semiramis.
21866	Fur-
21867	elephants, and that a man within them imitated their
21868	trumpeting.
21869	The horses of the Macedonians were led up to
21870	these and thus accustomed to the appearance and trumpeting
21871	of the Roman elephants.
21872	Zonaras (9. 22) adds that the
21873	dummies were also smeared with an ointment “ to give them
21874	a dreadful odour.’’
21875	3
21876	In Book 17. 90. 5 Diodorus describes trees of India which
21877	four men can scarcely get their arms about, and Strabo
21878	(15. 1. 56), on the authority of Megasthenes, speaks of reeds
21879	some of which are three cubits and others six in diameter.
21880	407
p. 230
21881	DIODORUS OF SICILY
21882	7 Troirjcrdfievos Be Kal tmv dypiotv eXe<f>dvt<ov drjpav
21883	Kal iroXXaTrXaaidcras t o u ? tt povirdpxovTas, etco-
21884	aprjaev aTravTas tok et? tov troXepov KaTairXrj-
21885	8 ktucoIs Xapirpws'
21886	S ib Kal avvej3aive K a ra ttjv
21887	e<f>o8ov avTcov B id re t o trXrjOos Kal ttjv errrl totv
21888	0copaKL(ov KaTaaK€VT)V dvvrrotTTaTOv dvdponrivrj
21889	ifrvaei (paiveadai ttjv eirupaveiav.
21890	18. ’ E7T61 S' aincp Trdvra Ta 1 7rpo? tov 7roXe-
21891	pov KareaKeiiaaTO, rrrpbs ttjv l^epipapiv Ka8' oSov
21892	ovaav cnreaTeiXev ayyeXovs, eyKaXd>v oti Trpo-
21893	Karapy^erai
21894	tov
21895	rrroXepov
21896	prjSev dSiKTjdehra•
21897	7ToXXa Be Kal apprjTa KaT avTTj<j
21898	errupa?2
21899	/3Xaa(j>TjpTjcra<: Sid toiv ypappaTorv Kal deovs
21900	eTTipapTvpdpevo<i, TjireiXei KaTaTroXeprjcra1; avTTjv
21901	2 crTavpai npoar/Xcbaeiv.
21902	rj Se %epipapi<; dva-
21903	yvovoa ttjv ¿ttkjtoXtjv Kal KaTayeXdaaaa t<ov
21904	yeypappevwv, Sia totv epycov eipTjae tov ’IvSov
21905	■neipdoeadai Trj? 7repl avTtjv apeTrjs,
21906	eirel Be
21907	Trpodyovaa peTa
21908	t t} ? Svvdpews ejrl tov 'IvSbv
21909	TTOTapbv irapeyevrjdrj, KaTeXafie Ta toiv iroXepiorv
21910	3 TrXola
21911	7rpo? pdxVv eTOipa.
21912	Btonep Kal avTi]
21913	KaTapTtaaaa ta^eco? Ta? vav<s Kal rrrXrjpdiaaaa
21914	toiv KpaTiGTwv ¿TTiftaTcbv avveaTijaaTo /card tov
21915	TTOTapbv
21916	vavpa^iav,
21917	avptfnXoTtpovpevoov Kal
21918	toiv TrapepftefiXriKOTOTV 7rapd to peiOpov Tre^wv.
21919	4 iirl 7roXvv Be Xpovov tov kivBvvov TrapaTeivovTO<;
21920	Kal TTpoOvpws eKaTeporv dya>viaapeva>v, to TeXev-
21921	Talov fj Xepipapis eviKijcre Kal 8ie<j)deipe
21922	toiv
21923	7rXolwv irepl
21924	crvveXafie 8
21925	alxpa-Xdnov^
21926	5 ovk oXiyov?.
21927	¿TTapOelcra Be ttj viktj Ta? ev tw
21928	1 ra added by Gemistus.
21929	408
21930	BOOK II. 17. 7-18. s
21931	therm ore, holding a hunt of the wild elephants and
21932	multiplying many times the number already at his
21933	disposal, he fitted them all out splendidly with such
21934	things as would strike terror in w ar; and the conse
21935	quence was th at when they advanced to the attack
21936	the m ultitude of them as well as the towers upon
21937	their backs made them appear like a thing beyond
21938	the power of human nature to withstand.
21939	18.
21940	W hen he had made all his preparations for the
21941	war he despatched messengers to Semiramis, who
21942	was already on the road, accusing her of being the
21943	aggressor in the war although she had been injured
21944	in no respect; then, in the course of his letter, after
21945	saying many slanderous things against her as being
21946	a strum pet and calling upon the gods as witnesses, he
21947	threatened her with crucifixion when he had defeated
21948	her.
21949	Semiramis, however, on reading his letter
21950	dismissed his statem ents with laughter and re
21951	marked, “ It will be in deeds 1 th at the Indian will
21952	make trial of my valour.”
21953	And when her advance
21954	brought her with her force to the Indus river she
21955	found the boats of the enemy ready for battle.
21956	Consequently she on her side, hastily putting together
21957	her boats and manning them with her best marines,
21958	joined battle on the river, while the foot-soldiers
21959	which were drawn up along the banks also partici
21960	pated eagerly in the contest.
21961	The struggle raged
21962	for a long tim e and both sides fought spiritedly, but
21963	finally Semiramis was victorious and destroyed about
21964	a thousand of the boats, taking also not a few men
21965	prisoners.
21966	Elated now by her victory, she reduced to
21967	1 i.e. and not in words.
21968	2 ¿is €t aipas Vogel: ¿s kralpav G,
21969	eis kraipiiav F and
21970	accepted by all editors.
21971	409
p. 231
21972	DIODORUS OF SICILY
21973	TTOTapcp vycrovi /cal 7ro X e i? e^yvSpaTroSicraTO, /cal
21974	a v v y y a y e v al%paXcoTcov acopaTcov inrep r d i Se/ca
21975	p vp id B a s.
21976	M e r a Se Tai/d'
21977	0 pev tcov
21978	’ I vScov fiacriXei/i
21979	dnyyaye ttjv B v v a p .iv diro tov iroTapov, irpocr-
21980	Troiovpevoi pev
21981	ava^copeiv Bid cf>6/3ov, Ty
21982	S’
21983	aXydeia fiovXopevoi
21984	t o u ?
21985	7roXepiovi
21986	7rpoTpe-
21987	6 1¡racrO ai S i a f i f j v a i tov tr o T a p o v .
21988	r) Se lie p i p a p n ,
21989	/c a r d v o i/v a i/T y tcov ir p a y p a T c o v 7T p o j(co p o vvT co v,
21990	e ^ e v g e tov i r o T a p o v
21991	/c a T a a /c e v d c r a a a
21992	7r o X v T e X y
21993	/c a l
21994	p e y a X r jv
21995	7 e c f/v p a v ,
21996	S i
21997	179
21998	c n r a c r a v
21999	S ia /c o -
22000	p l c r a a a
22001	ttjv
22002	B v v a p i v
22003	e ir l
22004	p e v tov
22005	£ e v y p a T O 9
22006	c j/v X a /c y v
22007	/c a T e X n r e v
22008	d vB p cb v
22009	e ^ a /c ia p v p lc o v ,
22010	T y
22011	S’
22012	a X X y
22013	(T T p a T ia
22014	1r p o y y e v
22015	e ir iS n o /c o v c ra
22016	toix;
22017	T p S o u ? ,
22018	ir p o y y o v p e v c o v tcov eiB coXcov,
22019	o irc o i
22020	o i
22021	tcov ir o X e p ic o v /c a T a a /c o ir o i tco f i a a i X e i c n r a y y e i -
22022	7 Xcocn to
22023	irX yd o i
22024	tcov Trap'
22025	ai/Ty
22026	dypLcov.
22027	ov
22028	Sie^revaO y Se /caTa ye tovto T y i e \ 7 riSoi, a W
22029	a
22030	tcov eirl /caTaa/conyv e/cnepcj/devTcov r o t ? T iiS o i?
22031	airayyeXXovTcov
22032	to
22033	irX y d o i
22034	tcov
22035	7ra p a
22036	T o h
22037	TroXeploii
22038	eXecj/dvTcov,
22039	cnravTei
22040	Biyrropoi/VTo
22041	Trodev ai/Ty crvva/coXovdei toctovto 7rX y $ o i
22042	6 y -
22043	8 p ico v.
22044	o v p y v e p e iv e y e to yjrevB o i n X e ic o x p o v o v
22045	/cp V T T T o p e v o v
22046	tcov
22047	y a p
22048	7r a p a
22049	Ty
22050	i e p i p d p i B i
22051	o T p a T e v o p e v c o v Tire? /ca T eX ycp O ycra v vv/cto<; e v Ty
22052	crT paT O -rreSeia p a O v p o v v T e i ra ir e p i ra? c j/v X a /c d i’
22053	cj)o/3y6evTe<>
22054	Be
22055	ttjv
22056	e ir a /c o X o v O o v a a v
22057	T ip c o p la v
22058	y i/T o p o X y c r a v 7r p o ? r o r ? n o X e p i o v i /c a l ttjv /c a T a
22059	to v f
22060	e X e c f/a v T a i
22061	i r X d v y v
22062	d n y / y e i X a v .
22063	ecp'
22064	o h
22065	d a p p y a a i 0 tcov ’I vBcdv f i a a i X e v i /c a l Ty S v v d p e i
22066	B i a y y e i X a i to, ir e p l tcov eiBcoXcov, ¿TrecrTpeyjrev e ir l
22067	T o i/i ’A c T c rv p L o v i Siara^a? T y v B v v a p iv .
22068	410
22069	BOOK II. 18. 5-8
22070	slavery the islands in the river and the cities on
22071	them and gathered in more than one hundred
22072	thousand captives.
22073	A fter these events the king of the Indians withdrew
22074	his force from the river, giving the appearance of
22075	retreating in fear but actually with the intention of
22076	enticing the enemy to cross the river.
22077	Thereupon
22078	Semiramis, now th at her undertakings were prosper
22079	ing as she wished, spanned the river with a costly
22080	and large bridge, by means of which she got all
22081	her forces across; and then she left sixty thousand
22082	men to guard the pontoon bridge, while with the rest
22083	of her army she advanced in pursuit of the Indians,
22084	the dummy elephants leading the way in order that
22085	the enem y’s spies m ight report to the king the
22086	m ultitude of these animals in her army.
22087	Nor was she
22088	deceived in this h o p e; on the contrary, when those
22089	who had been despatched to spy her out reported to
22090	the Indians the m ultitude of elephants among the
22091	enemy, they were all at a loss to discover from
22092	where such a m ultitude of beasts as accompanied
22093	her could have come. However, the deception did not
22094	remain a secret for long; for some of Semiramis’
22095	troops were caught neglecting their night watches in
22096	the camp, and these, in fear of the consequent punish
22097	m ent, deserted to the enemy and pointed out to
22098	them their m istake regarding the nature of the
22099	elephants. Encouraged by this information, the king
22100	of the Indians, after informing his army about the
22101	dummies, set his forces in array and turned about
22102	to face the Assyrians.
22103	411
p. 232
22104	DIODORUS OF SICILY
22105	19. To
22106	S ’
22107	a v r o Kal
22108	tj}? 2 ,e p ip d p tS o < ; e m r e -
22109	\o v < r r ]t, « 9 f / y y i a a v aWjyXot? r a a r p a r o r r e S a ,
22110	'¡L ra jS p o ftd rip i
22111	o
22112	rcbv
22113	IvS cb v /3a<riXeu<;
22114	i r p o a i r -
22115	ecrre iX e ttoXv rrpbrfj< i <pdX ayyo< ; T01/9 irrrrei*; p e r a
22116	2 rc b v
22117	a p p d r c o v .
22118	S eijapevr]';
22119	S e T779 fta c riX ia c r ris
22120	evpcbcrrciy;
22121	Tt] v
22122	ecpoSov
22123	rc b v
22124	c m r e c o v ,
22125	K a l
22126	rcbv
22127	K a r e c j K e v a a p e v c o v eX ecp d vrc o v rrp o rrj*; c p d X a y y o s
22128	e v
22129	’¿crois
22130	S i a o r r j p a a L
22131	r e r a y p e v w v ,
22132	a v v e f i a c v e
22133	3 7T T v p e a & a i
22134	rov<s
22135	rc b v ’Iv S c b v
22136	i r n r o v s .
22137	r d
22138	y a p
22139	etS a yX a rro p p co d ev p e v o p o i a v e l y e r r jv rrpocjo^lriv
22140	T0Z9 d X ^ P i v o l s d r j p i o a , ol<s c j v v q d e a d v r e s o i rc b v
22141	’I vScbv
22142	'irrrroi
22143	reBapprjKora><; ir p o c r ir r r r e v o v ’
22144	rol<s
22145	S’ e y y i c r a c n v r) r e o a p r ) rrp o cje(S a X X e v dcrvvriOyyi
22146	K a l r a X X a S ia cfyo p a v e x ° v r a rr d v r a r r a p p e y e O r j
22147	t o v s
22148	'iiTTrovs
22149	o X oaxepcbc; c r v v e r d p a r r e .
22150	oto K a l
22151	rc b v ’I vScov o i p e v errl r r jv yrp> e r r n r r o v , o i
22152	Se
22153	rc b v %cpcov d i r e i d o v v r c o v r o t s x & X t-v o t1; «9 e r v y x a -
22154	v e v 1 e l s
22155	t o o ?
22156	nroXepiov<s e ^ e m r r r o v
22157	p e r a
22158	rc b v
22159	4 K o p i^ o v r c o v a v r o v s c m r c o v .
22160	t) Se ^ . e p i p a p a p e r a
22161	a r p a n c o r d y v e m X e K r c o v p a x o p e v t ]
22162	K a l
22163	rcb rrp o -
22164	r e p r j p a r i
22165	Se%i5><;
22166	X P tl craP ^ v V
22167	too9 ’I v S o v s e r p e -
22168	i j r a r o .
22169	dbv cfyvyovrcov r r p o 1; r p v c p d X a y y a 2 ra -
22170	0 p o /3 d rr)< ; 0 f t a a i X e 09 o v K a r a r r X a y e l s e r r p y a y e
22171	ra<s rc b v rre^cbv
22172	r d ^ e i s , r r p o r jy o v p e v c o v rc b v eX e-
22173	cfyavrcov, ao ro 9
22174	S’
22175	errl
22176	r o v
22177	S e ijio v K e p a r o s
22178	r e -
22179	r a y p e v o s
22180	K a l
22181	r r jv
22182	p d x v v
22183	drrl
22184	r o v
22185	K p a r i a r o v
22186	B r jp io v r r o t o v p e v o s e m j y a y e K a r a r r X r jK r iK o y i errl
22187	r r jv f i a a i X u r a a v K a r a v r o v r v x i K c b t r e r a y p e v r j v .
22188	5
22189	t o
22190	S’
22191	a v r o
22192	K a l
22193	rcbv
22194	aX X oov
22195	eX ccjydvrcov
22196	rroirj-
22197	a d v r c o v 7] p e r a r r p S e p ip d p iS o < s S v v a p i s / 3 p a x v v
22198	vrrecrrr] x p d v o v r r j v rc b v Orjpicov e c p o S o v r d y a p
22199	tc b a S iacjyopa T £U 9
22200	dXKai<s d v r a
22201	K a l t o» 9 I S la c 9
22202	4 1 2
22203	BOOK II. 19. 1-5
22204	19.
22205	Semiramis likewise marshalled her forces, and
22206	as the two armies neared each other Stabrobates, the
22207	king of the Indians, despatched his cavalry and chariots
22208	far in advance of the main body.
22209	But the queen
22210	stoutly withstood the attack of the cavalry, and since
22211	the elephants which she had fabricated had been
22212	stationed at equal intervals in front of the main body
22213	of troops, it came about that the horses of the
22214	Indians shied at them.
22215	For whereas at a distance
22216	the dummies looked like the actual animals with
22217	which the horses of the Indians were acquainted and
22218	therefore charged upon them boldly enough, yet on
22219	nearer contact the odour which reached the horses was
22220	unfamiliar, and then the other differences, which
22221	taken all together were very great, threw them into
22222	utter confusion.
22223	Consequently some of the Indians
22224	were thrown to the ground, while others, since their
22225	horses would not obey the rein, were carried with
22226	their mounts pell-mell into the midst of the enemy.
22227	Then Semiramis, who was in the battle with a select
22228	band of soldiers, made skilful use of her advantage
22229	and put the Indians to flight.
22230	But although these
22231	fled towards the battle-line, King Stabrobates, un
22232	dismayed, advanced the ranks of his foot-soldiers,
22233	keeping the elephants in front, while he himself,
22234	taking his position on the right wing and fighting
22235	from the most powerful of the beasts, charged in
22236	terrifying fashion upon the queen, whom chance had
22237	placed opposite him.
22238	And since the rest of the
22239	elephants followed his example, the army of Semi
22240	ramis withstood but a short time the attack of the
22241	beasts; for the animals, by virtue of their extra
22242	ordinary courage and the confidence which they felt
22243	1 €rvyxvi' Vogel: €Tvyx°-vov A B G , Bekker, Piridorf.
22244	413
p. 233
22245	DIODORUS OF SICILY
22246	pcopai<;
22247	TreTToiOoTa
22248	i r d v j a
22249	t o v
22250	v c fn a T a p e v o v
22251	6 p a B ¿«a?
22252	a v p p e i .
22253	B io ir e p
22254	7roXv?
22255	te a l
22256	ira vT o lo < ;
22257	e y lv e T o <f>ovo<;, T a v p e v v i to
22258	t o v ? 7ro£a? v w o w i-
22259	7ttovtcov,
22260	tw v
22261	Be
22262	t o Z?
22263	o S o v a i v d v a c r '^ i^ o p .e v w v ,
22264	iv ic o v
22265	Be rat?
22266	T rp o j3 o a /clcriv
22267	a v a p p n T T O v p e v m v .
22268	a v j ( y o v Se ttX ij6 ov<; v e /e p w v a w p e v o p e v o v /c a l to v
22269	/a v B v v o v t ot? o p d /a i B e iv b v e/cT rX rj^iv /c a l <f>o/3ov
22270	ira p u T T a v T O ?, ovSe'i? c t i p e v e i v eVi
22271	t ?}? Tafeta?
22272	¿ T o X p a .
22273	7
22274	Tpa7revTO? ovv tov 7T\ijdov<; 7ravTO? o /SaatXev?
22275	tow 'lvBwv eV ’ ainrjv efiid^eTO tt)v 'Lepipap.iv.
22276	/cat
22277	to pev irpSiTOV eir e/ceivrjv To£evaa<; <?tv%£
22278	tov /Spatio vo?, eireiT lucovTicra*; BtrfXaae Bid tov
22279	vu/tov
22280	t t ) ? fiaoikicroTjs;, tvXayLat ev e^ eto-»;? t t j?
22281	77X77777?' Siojrep ovSev iradovaa Be Lvov 77 Lept-
22282	papis Ta^eco? cupLTnrevae, 7roXv Xenropevov tcaTa
22283	8 t o Ta%o?
22284	t o v Bico/covto<; drjpiov.
22285	7ravTcov Se
22286	<pevyovTav 67rt
22287	t ^ v a^eSiav, touovtov ttXijOov';
22288	ei? eva /cal cnevov fiia^opevov tottov oi pev Ttp
22289	/3acnXiao"r)<;
22290	vir
22291	aXXrjXwv
22292	aTreOvrja/cov
22293	ervp-
22294	iraTOvpevoi /cal <f>vpopevoi irapa fyvcnv d vap lf
22295	i7T7ret5 Te /cat ire^ol, twv Se ’IvScov ¿wi/cer pevcov
22296	mapb<; eylveTO fiiaios eirl Trjs yecf> vpa<; Sta t o v
22297	</>o/?ov, StTTe 7roXXov? e^co0ovpevov<; e<f>’ e/caTepa
22298	peprj Trp ye<f>vpa<> ep irlin eiv et?
22299	t o v iroTapov.
22300	9 77 Se L e p i p a p v s , ¿TreiBrj t o T r\e lc r T o v pepo<; twv
22301	aT rb T77? p d x V S B ia tr c o ^ o p e v o /v S ta t o v i r o T a p o v
22302	eTV^e T77? d a c p a X e ia * ;, cn re/co tfre t o v ? a v v e ^ o v T a ?
22303	Seayzov? tt) v y e c p v p a v 5>v X v d e v T to v 77 p e v c r x e B ia
22304	K a T a 7roXXa B ia i p e d e ia a p e p r j /c a l a v x y o v < ; etf>'
22305	eavTrj<; e ^ o v a a
22306	twv Buoicovtcov ’ IvSm v v 7ro ttJ?
22307	t o v pev/zaTO ? a<f>oBpoTr)TO<; ¿ 5 eTV^e /ca T rjvexO r),
22308	4 14
22309	BOOK II. 19. 5-9
22310	in their power, easily destroyed everyone who tried
22311	to withstand them .
22312	Consequently there was a great
22313	slaughter, which was effected in various ways, some
22314	being tram pled beneath their feet, others ripped up
22315	by their tusks, and a number tossed into the air by
22316	their trunks.
22317	And since a great m ultitude of
22318	corpses lay piled one upon the other and the danger
22319	aroused terrible consternation and fear in those who
22320	witnessed the sight, not a man had the courage to
22321	hold his position any longer.
22322	Now when the entire m ultitude turned in flight the
22323	king of the Indians pressed his attack upon Semi
22324	ramis herself.
22325	And first he let fly an arrow and struck
22326	her on the arm, and then with his javelin he pierced
22327	the back of the queen, but only with a glancing blow ;
22328	and since for this reason Semiramis was not seriously
22329	injured she rode swiftly away, the pursuing beast
22330	being much inferior in speed.
22331	But since all were
22332	fleeing to the pontoon bridge and so great a m ultitude
22333	was forcing its way into a single narrow space, some of
22334	the queen’s soldiers perished by being tram pled upon
22335	by one another and by cavalry and foot-soldiers being
22336	thrown together in unnatural confusion, and when the
22337	Indians pressed hard upon them a violent crowding
22338	took place on the bridge because of their terror, so
22339	that many were pushed to either side of the bridge
22340	and fell into the river.
22341	As for Semiramis, when the
22342	largest part of the survivors of the battle had found
22343	safety by putting the river behind them , she cut the
22344	fastenings which held the bridge to g eth er; and when
22345	these were loosened the pontoon bridge, having been
22346	broken apart at many points and bearing great
22347	numbers of the pursuing Indians, was carried down
22348	in haphazard fashion by the violence of the current
22349	4i5
p. 234
22350	DIODORUS OF SICILY
22351	te a l
22352	tr o X X o v s
22353	p e p
22354	tu/p ’ IvSnm
22355	B iecf/d eip e, tjj Se
22356	2 e p i p d p i B i
22357	ir o X X p v
22358	a a cj> d X eia p
22359	T r a p e u /c e v a u e ,
22360	/c c o X v u a u a T p p tS)p n r o X e p lw v e ir a i n p p h ia fS a a iv .
22361	10 p e T a Be Tavd' o p e p tm u 'IpBS/v f i a a i X e v s , Bio-
22362	u p p i w v a v Tq> y e v o p e v o o v /ca l tgop p d v T e c o v a i r o -
22363	< paivopeva> p
22364	a p p a l v e c r O a i top TTOTapop pep
22365	B ia-
22366	f i a i v e i v , p t r v ^ i a p e c r x e v > p Be % e p l p a p i s d X X a y i / p
22367	i r o i p c r a p e v p
22368	t&p
22369	a i x v a - X d n cop
22370	e i r a p r f x d e p
22371	e ls
22372	B d / e r p a , B vo p e p p Trjs B v p d p e a >9 a rr o fie fiX -p ic v ia .
22373	20. Mexa Be ti v a x p o v o v vtto N iv v o v tov v l o v
22374	Bi
22375	e o v o v X o v two? e ir ifio v X e v d e io - a , /c a l to T rap
22376	" A p p r a v o ? X o y io p d v a p e io c r a p e v p , top e T n fio v X e v -
22377	cra P T a /ca /cb v ovB eP e lp y d c r a T O , T O v v a v T io v Be ttjp
22378	fia c r iX e ia v a v T & T ra p a B o v c ra /c a l rot? v i r d p x o i s
22379	a /c o v e iP e /c e lv o v
22380	i r p o u T a ^ a u a , Ta^ew? p ^ d p i u e p
22381	e a v r p p ,
22382	cos e h
22383	d e o v ? /c a T a top x p V ^ f ^ o p p e T a -
22384	2 uTpaopepp.
22385	evioi Be pvdoXoyovvTes tfiaaiv ai/Tpv
22386	yeveoOai TrepiuTepdp, /cal iroXXcbp oppecop eis
22387	Tpp ol/clav /caTaireTacrdepTcop peT e/celpcop e/erre-
22388	TaaOpvai- Bio /cal tow ’Acravplovs Tpp irepi-
22389	o-Tepap Tipdp
22390	cos deov, drradavaTl^ovTa9
22391	Tpp
22392	ILepipapiP.
22393	avTp pep
22394	ovp ¡SaaiXevcraoa Trjs
22395	'Aulas airdups irXpp 'IpBwp eTeXevTpue
22396	top
22397	Trpoeipppepop Tpovop, ¡3idocracra pep eTp egp/coPTa
22398	Bvo, fiaaiXevcracra Be Bvo 717309 tois TeTTapd/covTa.
22399	3
22400	K ttjchc^ pep ovp 0 K fi§i09 7repl XepipdpiBos
22401	Toiavd' iuTopp/ceP' 'A.6pvaios Be /cai Tipes twp
22402	aAXcop avyypaipecoP (jiaolp avTpv ¿Tatpap ye-
22403	yopePai evirpeirp, /cal Bia to /caXXos epcori/ccos
22404	4 €%eti3 a v r p s top fi a c n X e a
22405	twp 'A a u v p i c o v .
22406	to
22407	p e p ovp TTp&TOv p e T p la s a v T p p d ir o B o x p S T v y y a -
22408	v e iv ep tois f i a a i X e l o i s , p e T a Be T a v T a y v p a i a p
22409	4 1 6
22410	BOOK II. 19. 9-20. 4
22411	and caused the death of many of the Indians, but for
22412	Semiramis it was the means of complete safety, the
22413	enemy now being prevented from crossing over
22414	against her.
22415	A fter these events the king of the
22416	Indians remained inactive, since heavenly omens
22417	appeared to him which his seers interpreted to mean
22418	that he m ust not cross the river, and Semiramis,
22419	after exchanging prisoners, made her way back to
22420	Bactra with the loss of two-thirds of her force.
22421	20.
22422	Some tim e later her son Ninyas conspired
22423	against her through the agency of a certain eunuch ;
22424	and remembering
22425	the prophecy given her by
22426	Ammon,1 she did not punish the conspirator, but, on
22427	the contrary, after turning the kingdom over to him
22428	and commanding the governors to obey him, she at
22429	once disappeared, as if she were going to be trans
22430	lated to the gods as the oracle had predicted.
22431	Some,
22432	making a myth of it, say that she turned into a dove
22433	and flew off in the company of many birds which
22434	alighted on her dwelling, and this, they say, is the
22435	reason why the Assyrians worship the dove as a god,
22436	thus deifying Semiramis.
22437	Be th at as it may, this
22438	woman, after having been queen over all Asia with
22439	the exception of India, passed away in the manner
22440	mentioned above, having lived sixty-two years and
22441	having reigned forty-two.
22442	Such, then, is the account that Ctesias of Cnidus has
22443	given about Semiramis ; but Athenaeus 2 and certain
22444	other historians say that she w'as a comely courtesan
22445	and because of her beauty was loved by the king of
22446	the Assyrians.
22447	Now at first she wras accorded only
22448	a moderate acceptance in the palace, but later, when
22449	1 Cp. chap. 14.
22450	3 Nothing is known about this Athenaeus.
22451	417
p. 235
22452	DIODORUS OF SICILY
22453	d v a y o p e v O e Z c r a v
22454	y v v a Z x a
22455	n reZ aai
22456	r o v
22457	f i a c n X e a
22458	rrei’0 ’ ¿ ¡ p e p a s a v r r j T r a p a x a)P V ,T a l T V^ / 3 a a i X e l a s .
22459	5 r p v 8e X e p i p a p i v a v a X a $ o v a a v t o t c o x r jT r r p o v
22460	/c a l
22461	r p v
22462	f f a a i X e i o v
22463	c rro X rjv
22464	K a r a
22465	p e v
22466	r r jv
22467	7r p c a r p v
22468	p p e p a v
22469	e v c a x i a v
22470	rro irjcra i
22471	/c a l
22472	p e y a -
22473	X o ir p e rr ij
22474	SeZrrva,
22475	e v
22476	o t s
22477	r o b s
22478	rc a v
22479	S v v a p e c a v
22480	r j y e p o v a s /cal r r a v r a s r o b s e m c f / a v e a r d r o v s rreZcrai
22481	(jvfi'jv p d r r e i v
22482	e a v r j j ’
22483	r j j
22484	S’
22485	v c n e p a i a
22486	r o v
22487	r e
22488	r r X r jd o v s
22489	/c a l
22490	r a / v
22491	a ^ i o X o y c a r d r c a v
22492	a v S p c a v
22493	cos
22494	¡ S a c r iX ia c r a v d e p a n e v o v r c a v r o v p e v a v S p a x a r a -
22495	f i a X e l v e l s r r j v e l p x r y v , a v r r j v h e c fiva ei p e y a X -
22496	e r r i f i o X o v o v c r a v
22497	/ca l r o X p r f p a v
22498	x a r a a x e l v
22499	Tb v
22500	a p x p v , x a l
22501	p ^ x p i y p p c a s f i a o i X e u a a a a v r r o X X a
22502	/c a l p e y d X a x a r e p y a c r a a d a i .
22503	rrep l p e v o v v rc a v
22504	/ c a r d 1
22505	% e p i p a p i v
22506	r o i a b r a s
22507	a v r i X o y l a s
22508	e l v a i
22509	c r v p j i a i v e i r r a p a r o c s a v y y p a f y e v c n .
22510	2 1 . M e ra S e r o v r a v r i j s
22511	d a v a r o v N i v v a s o
22512	Ninon
22513	/cal
22514	J L e p i p a p iS o s
22515	v i o s
22516	r r a p a X a f i c b v
22517	r r jv
22518	a p x v v
22519	V P X ev
22520	e lp p v ix c a s ,
22521	r o
22522	cfu X o rro X e p o v
22523	x a l
22524	x e x i v S v v e v p e v o v
22525	r r js p p r p o s
22526	o v S a p c a s f p X c d cra s•
22527	2 rr p c a r o v p e v y a p e v r o l s /3a a i X e i o i s r o v a r r a v r a
22528	X p o v o v
22529	S i e r p i f i e v ,
22530	Inr’
22531	o b S e v o s
22532	o p c a p e v o s
22533	n X r jv
22534	rc a v r r a X X a x iS c a v x a l rcav rr e p l a v r o v eunou^cou,
22535	e£jj X o v Se r p v c fip v x a l p a d v p i a v x a l r o p rf S e r ro r e
22536	x a x o r r a O e l v p p S e p e p i p v a v , v r r o X a p j3 d v c o v ( 3 a a i -
22537	X e i a s e b S a l p o v o s e l v a i r e X o s r o r r d c r a is x P V cr^ a i
22538	3 r a l s rjS o va Z s a v e m x c a X v r c a s .
22539	rr p o s Se r r jv dcrcpd-
22540	X e i a v
22541	r r js d p x p s x a l r o v K a r a rc a v d p x o p e v c a v
22542	1 Vogel follows D in omitting t )¡v after Kara.
22543	1 Thefollowinglegend contains a reference to the Babylonian
22544	Sacaea, which was almost certainly a New Year’s festival. A
22545	418
22546	she had been proclaimed a lawful wife, she persuaded
22547	the king to yield the royal prerogatives to her for a
22548	period of five days.1
22549	And Semiramis, upon receiving
22550	the sceptre and the regal garb, on the first day held
22551	high festival and gave a magnificent banquet, at
22552	which she persuaded the commanders of the military
22553	forces and all the greatest dignitaries to co-operate
22554	with h er; and on the second day, while the people
22555	and the most notable citizens were paying her their
22556	respects as queen, she arrested her husband and put
22557	him in prison; and since she was by nature a woman
22558	of great designs and bold as well, she seized the throne
22559	and remaining queen until old age accomplished
22560	many great things.
22561	Such, then, are the conflicting
22562	accounts which may be found in the historians
22563	regarding the career of Semiramis.
22564	21.
22565	A fter her death Ninyas, the son of Ninus and
22566	Semiramis, succeeded to the throne and had a
22567	peaceful reign, since he in no wise em ulated his
22568	m other’s fondness for war and her adventurous
22569	spirit.
22570	For in the first place, he spent all his time
22571	in the palace, seen by no one but his concubines and
22572	the eunuchs who attended him, and devoted his life
22573	to luxury and idleness and the consistent avoidance
22574	of any suffering or anxiety, holding the end and aim
22575	of a happy reign to be the enjoym ent of every kind
22576	of pleasure w ithout restraint.
22577	M oreover, having
22578	in view the safety of his crown and the fear
22579	prominent feature of this was the killing of a criminal who had
22580	been permitted for five days to wear the king’s robes, to sit on
22581	his throne, to issue decrees, and even to consort with his
22582	concubines, and who, after this brief tenure of office, was
22583	scourged and executed.
22584	Cp. J. G. Frazer, T h e G olden B o u g h ,
22585	Pt. Ill, T h e D y in g G od, pp. 113-17.
22586	BOOK II. 20. 4-21. 3
22587	419
p. 236
22588	DIODORUS OF SICILY
22589	yivofievov
22590	<f)6/3ov
22591	kcit
22592	eviavTov p.eTeirep.TreTo
22593	<TTpaTi<t)TGOv apiOfiov dtptap.evov Kal arpcmyybv
22594	4 a?ro edvov?
22595	exaoTov, /cal
22596	to p.'ev e/c TrdvTatv
22597	ddpoioOev arparevpia ¿ktos tj/? 7roXeto? avvei%ev,
22598	eKamov Totv edvotv
22599	tov evvovaraiov tuv irepl
22600	avTov airoBeLKvvatv
22601	?jyepiova’
22602	tov 8’ evtavTov
22603	BieXtioVTOS pL€T€7r£pL7T€T0 TTaXiV dlTO TOtV ¿dvwv
22604	tou? fcroi/? cTTpaTtcoTa?, /cal too? irpoTepovi dire
22605	ct Xvev a ? r a ? iraTpiBas.
22606	ov a'WTeXovp.evov <rvv-
22607	e/Baive too? viro ttjv fiaaiXeiav Teraypievowi airav-
22608	T a? 1 KaTaireirXri^dat, deatpovvTa? a e l p e y aX a ?
22609	Bvvdp,ei<; ev viraidprp aTpaTOTre8evop,eva<; Kal t<h?
22610	a<£icrTa/x€i/ot? 17 pt) Treidap^ovatv eToipvqv oitaav
22611	6 TipiatpCav.
22612	Ta? ¿e /caT’ eviavTov aXXaya? tu>v
22613	cTTpaTicoTwv eirevorjaev, "va irplv rj KaXcb<; yvata-
22614	Orjvai too? cttpaTpyovs Kal tovs aXXovs aTravTas
22615	0 7r aXXrjXotv, e/cacTTO? el? ttjv I8lav hiayropity)Tai
22616	7raTpiSa-
22617	o yap
22618	7 7 0X0 ? ^pooo? tt)? cTpaTeta?
22619	ep,Treipiav re Totv Kara tov iroXepiov Kal <ppovr)p,a
22620	Tois pyep-oai irepnLdpai, Kal to TrXelaTOv dtftopp,a<;
22621	7rape^eTai peyaXa? 7rpo? diroaTaaiv Kal avvat-
22622	7 p,ocnav KaTa Totv pyovpLevatv.
22623	to Be p,p8' vrp'
22624	eoo? t<oi/ e^otdev dewpeladai tt;? pel/ Trepl avTov
22625	Tpvcfvps ayvoiav TrapeL^eTO vdai, KaBdirep Be
22626	deov dopaTov Bid tov (ftofiov e/caaTo? ooSe Xoyro
22627	/3Xacnpr/pieiv ¿ToXp,a.
22628	GTpaTrjyoiv; Be Kal aaTpd-
22629	7ra? /cal 8ioiKi]Tas, eVt Be BtKacrTas Kad' eKaaTov
22630	e6vo<> diroBei^a^ Kal tdXXa irdvTa StaTcifa? w?
22631	7t o t ’ eSo^ev ainat crupapepeiv, tov tov f y o ^ povov
22632	KaTepeivev ev tfj Nivat.
22633	8
22634	Ilapa7rXycrift)? Be tovtco K a l oi Xonrol f i a a i X e i s ,
22635	1 airavras Vogel: v a fr a s Vulgate, Bekker, Dindorf.
22636	420
22637	BOOK II. 21. 3-8
22638	he felt with reference to his subjects, he used to
22639	summon each year a fixed number of soldiers and a
22640	general from each nation and to keep the army,
22641	which had been gathered in this way from all his
22642	subject peoples, outside his capital, appointing as
22643	commander of each nation one of the most trust
22644	worthy men in his service ; and at the end of the year
22645	he would summon from his peoples a second equal
22646	number of soldiers and dismiss the former to their
22647	countries.
22648	The result of this device was that all
22649	those subject to his rule were filled with awe, seeing
22650	at all times a great host encamped in the open and
22651	punishm ent ready to fall on any who rebelled or would
22652	not yield obedience.
22653	This annual change of the
22654	soldiers was devised by him in order that, before
22655	the generals and all the other commanders of the
22656	army should become well acquainted with each
22657	other, every man of them would have been separated
22658	from the rest and have gone back to his own country ;
22659	for long service in the field both gives the commanders
22660	experience in the arts of war and fills them with
22661	arrogance, and, above all, it offers great opportunities
22662	for rebellion and for plotting ag'ainst their rulers.
22663	And the fact th at he was seen by no one outside the
22664	palace made everyone ignorant of the luxury of his
22665	manner of life, and through their fear of him, as of an
22666	unseen god, each man dared not show disrespect of
22667	him even in word.
22668	So by appointing generals,
22669	satraps, financial officers, and judges for each nation
22670	and arranging all other m atters as he felt at any tim e
22671	to be to his advantage, he remained for his lifetime
22672	in the city of Ninus.
22673	The rest of the kings also followed his example, son
22674	421
p. 237
22675	DIODORUS OF SICILY
22676	тгасч тга р а т гат роч Bt,aBeX o p e v o 4 тy v d p X y v , ёттХ
22677	У evea .4 т р ш к о р т а e f i a a l X e v a a v p e X p i 2 a p B a v a -
22678	7r a X X o v e ir l t o v t o v y a p у
22679	t w v ’A c r c r v p iw v y y e -
22680	p o v i a
22681	р ет ет геа ер et?
22682	M t^Soi/?,
22683	ёт у
22684	B ia p e iv a c r a
22685	ттХеш
22686	t w v
22687	X iX iw v
22688	/c a l
22689	T p ia /c o c riw v ,1
22690	к а в а т г е р
22691	фг]<т1 К тустХач о К р ХВю ч e v т у В ер т ер а /3i/3X< p.
22692	22.
22693	Т а 8 ’ о р о р а т а т гарт а 2 t S>v fi a c n X e w v каХ
22694	то
22695	т т Хувоч
22696	t w v
22697	¿t w v
22698	w v ё/састточ e 8 a a iX e v < r e v
22699	o v катеттеХуес у р а ф е с р Blcl t o p y B e v v i r
22700	a v T w v
22701	тгетграХ в а с р р у р у ч
22702	a % io v.
22703	p o v y
22704	y a p
22705	тетер% ер
22706	а р а у р а ф у ч у 7т е р ф в е и г а a v p p a y l a тоХч T p w c r lv
22707	v i т Acr a v p iw v , у ч е а т р а т у у е с M e p v w v о T id c o v o v .
22708	2 T e v T t i p o v y a p f i a c n X e v o v T 0 4 туч ’А а Х а ч , оч y v
22709	еисостточ a v o H i v i / o v тo v X £ e p ip d p i 8 o 4, фастХ той?
22710	р ет A y a p k p v o v o 4 " ХХХХХурач еттХ Т p o i a v ат р а т ей -
22711	а а с ,
22712	т ур
22713	y y e p o v X a v
22714	¿X o v t w v
22715	туч ' А а Х а ч
22716	t w v
22717	A a a v p i w v ёт у irXeXw
22718	t w v X i X i w v .
22719	каХ тo v p e v
22720	H p c a p o v f t a p v v o p e v o v t w i r o X e p w каХ f t a a i X e v -
22721	o v T a т уч Т р ср а В о ч , Хптукоор 8' орт а t w f i a a i X e i
22722	t w v ’A a a v p i w v , тгеpyjrai, п р о ч a i n o v трест/Зеитач
22723	тгерс /9о у в е с а ч '
22724	t o p
22725	8 ё T e v T a p o v p v p L o v 4 p e v
22726	А сви от гач, а Х Х о о ч Be т о а о р т о о ч £ o v c r i a v o v 4 a v v
22727	a p p a a i ВсакоаХотч ёЦатгоатеХХас, а т р а т у у о р етп-
22728	3 кат аат уаарт а М ep vo va тор T id w v o v.
22729	каХ т о р
22730	1 in 5’ ¿/Скотта after rptaKocriu'v deleted by Dindorf ; cp.
22731	ch. 28. 8.
22732	2 згагта Vogel: tt&vtm E, Bekker, Dindorf.
22733	1 Names of kings of Assyria are now known from as early as
22734	ca. 2500 b .c .
22735	2 The earliest Greek tradition knew the Ethiopians as “ the
22736	farthest of men,” who dwelt on the stream Oceanus. Hero-
22737	422
22738	BOOK II. 21. 8-22. 3
22739	succeeding father upon the throne, and reigned for
22740	thirty generations down to Sardanapallus; for it was
22741	under this ruler that the Em pire of the Assyrians
22742	fell to the M edes, after it had lasted more than 612 b.c.
22743	thirteen hundred years,1 as Ctesias of Cnidus says in
22744	his Second Book.
22745	22. There is no special need of giving all the names
22746	of the kings and the num ber of years which each of
22747	them reigned because nothing was done by them which
22748	m erits mentioning.
22749	For the only event which has
22750	been recorded is the despatch by the Assyrians to
22751	the Trojans of an allied force, which was under the
22752	command of Memnon the son of Tithonus.
22753	For
22754	when Teutam us, they say, was ruler of Asia, being
22755	the tw entieth in succession from Ninyas the son of
22756	Semiramis, the Greeks m ade an expedition against ca. 1190
22757	Troy with Agamemnon, at a tim e when the Assyrians B'°'
22758	had controlled Asia for more than a thousand years.
22759	And Priam, who was king of the Troad and a vassal
22760	of the king of the Assyrians, being hard pressed by
22761	the war, sent an embassy to the king requesting aid ;
22762	and Teutam us despatched ten thousand Ethiopians
22763	and a like number of the men of Susiana along with
22764	two hundred chariots, having appointed as general
22765	Memnon the son of Tithonus.2
22766	Now Tithonus, who
22767	dotus (7. 70) speaks of “ the Ethiopians of the East,” probably
22768	meaning the Assyrians. Plato (Laws 68 0 c) also mentions
22769	help sent to Priam by the Assyrians. The account here has
22770	more of the appearance of genuine history than that in Book
22771	4. 75, where Diodorus reverts to mythology in presenting
22772	Tithonus as the son of Laomedon and brother of Priam, and
22773	having him travel to the east “ as far as Ethiopia,” where he
22774	begot Memnon by Dawn. When tradition began to place the
22775	Homeric Ethiopians in Libya, Memnon came to be associated
22776	with Thebes in Egypt.
22777	423
p. 238
22778	DIODORUS OF SICILY
22779	p è v T iQ w p o p ,
22780	к а т
22781	е к е и р о ь ч
22782	т оич
22783	x p o v o v s
22784	т рч
22785	П e p a iB o 4
22786	o u t а а т р а т р у о р , e v ù o K ip e îp - п а р а rô t
22787	fü a c n X e î р а Х к т т а
22788	twp K a Q e a T a p é p w p ет га р ^ш р ,
22789	тор Bè M é p p o p a т рр p X tK ia p а к р а ^ о р т а è ia efrép etp
22790	à p B p e ia те к а 1 - ф у ^ р ч Х а р т гр 6 трт1.
22791	o ÎK o B o p p a a t,
22792	8' aîiTOP €7rï т рч а к р а ч т а èp £ 000-014 f t a a i X e i a
22793	т а
22794	B ia p e lv a P T a
22795	p é % p i
22796	т рч П ерстшр
22797	р у е р о р ’са ч ,
22798	к Х р в е р т а В’ атг’ ек е ь р о о Ш е р р о р е м - кат ает K e v d a a i
22799	Bè к а л B ià т рч ^ w p a s Х е ы ф б р о р ¿В ор т рр p é ^ p i
22800	4 T w p p v p 'хрореор o p o p a Ç o p é p p p X \ e p o ô p e i a p .
22801	elp -
22802	фмт/ЗртоС-сп Bè K a l o i i r e p l т рр A ïy v iT T O P A i d Loir еч,
22803	Х еуорт еч èp екеьрепч
22804	то1ч
22805	т6тго1 ч y e y o p é p a i тор
22806	â v B p a тойтор, к а \ f i a a l X e i a i r a X a i à Bclkpvo vcu p,
22807	a p é x p 1 T ° û t’ûp o p o p â ^ e a d a i ф а о -i M e p p o p e t a .
22808	5 où p p p à X X à toÎ4 Tpeoal Х е у е т ai / З о р в р о -a i top
22809	M e p p o p a р е т а B i c r p v p iw p p è p TreÇwp, а р р а т ш р Bè
22810	B ia K o a L w p •
22811	o p 6 a v p a c r 6 p o a L те Bt
22812	à p B p e ia p к а \
22813	7тоХХоьч a p eX eÎP èp та1ч p â ~ )(a i4 twp ' E iX X p p w p ,
22814	то
22815	Be
22816	T e X e v T a lo p
22817	vtto в е т т a X w p
22818	¿ р еВ р еи вер т а
22819	к а т а а ф а у р р а г tov Bè егш рат оч тоич А161от гач
22820	е у к р а т е 1ч у е р о р е р о и ч к а т а к а о а а е те тор р е к p o p
22821	к а \
22822	та
22823	о с т а
22824	ттроч T lO w p o p à i r o K o p i a a i .
22825	i r e p ï
22826	p è p o v p M е р р о р о ч
22827	T o i a v T
22828	èp
22829	та1ч
22830	¡З а сп Х ь к а сч
22831	¿ 1 Р а ур а ф а 1 ч 1 а т о р е ш в а 1 ф а о 1 Р o l f i â p f i a p o t .
22832	23.
22833	£ а р В а р а т г а Х Х о ч Sé, т р са к о а т о ч
22834	p è p
22835	ojp
22836	атго N iw u
22837	той
22838	а о а т р а а р е р о о
22839	трр
22840	p y e p o v i a p ,
22841	е а ^ а т о ч Bè у е р о р е р о ч ’A a a v p i w p ¡З а сп Х ей ч , v t r e p p -
22842	p e p аттартач тойч тгро а й т о й т р о ф р к а л p a d v p i a .
22843	ХШР1Ч y à p той p p B ' йф’ ероч twp è Ç w d e p o p a a d a i
22844	/3lop kÇpcre у ь р а ь к о ч , к a l о ш ь т ш р е р о ч p è p р е т а
22845	1
22846	The following account of the dissolute Sardanapallus is not
22847	borne out by the documents, nor indeed by Diodorus himself
22848	424
22849	BOOK II. 22. 3-23. I
22850	was at th at tim e general of Persis, was the most
22851	highly esteem ed of the governors at the king’s court,
22852	and Memnon, who was in the bloom of manhood,
22853	was distinguished both for his bravery and for his
22854	nobility of spirit.
22855	He also built the palace in the
22856	upper city of Susa which stood until the tim e of the
22857	Persian Empire and was called after him M em nonian;
22858	moreover, he constructed through the country a
22859	public highway which bears the nam e Memnonian
22860	to this time.
22861	But the Ethiopians who border upon
22862	E gypt dispute this, m aintaining th at this man was
22863	a native of their country, and they point out an
22864	ancient palace which to this day, they say, bears the
22865	nam e Memnonian. A t any rate, the account runs that
22866	Memnon went to the aid of the Trojans with tw enty
22867	thousand foot-soldiers and two hundred chariots;
22868	and he was admired for his bravery and slew many
22869	Greeks in the fighting, but was finally ambushed
22870	by the Thessalians and slain;
22871	whereupon the
22872	Ethiopians recovered his body, burned the corpse,
22873	and took the bones back to Tithonus.
22874	Such is the
22875	account concerning Memnon th at is given in the
22876	royal records, according to what the barbarians
22877	say.
22878	23. Sardanapallus, the thirtieth in succession from
22879	Ninus, who founded the empire, and the last king of
22880	the Assyrians, outdid all his predecessors in luxury and
22881	sluggishness.1
22882	For not to m ention the fact th at he
22883	was not seen by any man residing outside the palace,
22884	he lived the life of a woman, and spending his days
22885	(cp. chaps. 25 if.).
22886	Sin-shar-ishkun, the last king of Assyria,
22887	was a worthy descendant of his vigorous predecessors on the
22888	Assyrian throne, and defended a dying empire with energy.
22889	Cp. The Cambridge Ancient History, 3. pp. 128 If., 296 f.
22890	425
p. 239
22891	DIODORUS OF SICILY
22892	т ш р т га Х Х а /а В ш р , т т орф ьрар 8 e ка Х т а р а Х а к ш -
22893	т а т а
22894	тш р
22895	ерХш р
22896	т а Х а а ю а р у ш р ,
22897	<т т о Х р р
22898	р е р
22899	y v p a itc e la p ¿ p e8 e 8 i)K ei, то 8 е т р о а ш т о р ка Х -к а р
22900	то
22901	а ш р а
22902	у } п р и в Х о к
22903	к а \
22904	т о к
22905	а Х Х о к
22906	т о к тшр
22907	e T a ip w p
22908	¿ m T T ]8 evpa< T ip ат га Х ш т ер о р т га а р ч y v -
22909	2 p a i /соч т р о ф е р а ч кат есгкеН асгт о.
22910	еттетр8 ерсге
22911	8 е
22912	K a i t t jp ф ш р р р e%eip yvp a iK w 8 r] к а Х к а т а топ?
22913	7т о т о р ч о и р о р о р 7тотшр ка Х /Зрш т ш р т ы р 8 v p a -
22914	р е р ш р р а Х ш т а та? 7) 8 о р а ч ттa p e x e a d a i erwe%<u?
22915	a iro X a v e iP , а Х Х а каХ та? а ф р о 8 кт1а к а ч т ер ф гек
22916	р е т а 8 ш к е 1Р
22917	а р 8р о ч
22918	а р а
22919	к а Х
22920	у и р а с к б ч -
22921	¿ х р р т о
22922	у а р т а к етг
22923	а р ф о т е р а
22924	a v p o v a X a K ape8rjp, т8]ч
22925	е к тг)ч ттра^еш ч a la '^ v p r j^ o v8 ep о Х ю ч ф рорт Х ^ш р.
22926	3 £774 т оаоО т о Se т т р о р ^вр т р о ф р ч ка Х тт}ч а Х сг^Х а т уч
22927	p 8 o p rj4 каХ а к р а а Х а ч шстт
22928	¿ т п ,к р 8 ею р e l? а Ь т о р
22929	TTO ipcjai
22930	каX
22931	r r a p a y y e l X a i
22932	т о к
22933	8 ia 8 o % O K
22934	т уч
22935	a p x v ? р е т а т рр e a v T o v т еХ еа т р р еттХ т о р т а ф о р
22936	еT r iy p d y jr a i то а и у у р а ф е р р е р итт' ек еХ р о о /З а р /З а р к
22937	к ш ч , р е в е р р р р е о в 'е р 8е о а т е р о р итго т 1р о ч " Е Х Х р р о ч ,
22938	е и еХ8 ш ч o t i в р р т о ч е ф о ч , с о р в ь р о р a e g e 1
22939	т ерт горероч d a X iy c r r daP O P T i a o i o v t k о р р а к .
22940	ка Х
22941	y a p
22942	е у ш
22943	атто8 оч
22944	e l p i , N X vov
22945	р е у а Х р ч
22946	/З а с п Х е а а а ч .
22947	таОт’ ’¿ х 00 о а а
22948	е ф а у о р каХ е ф и /З р к т а каХ р ет
22949	ершточ
22950	т€р7гр €7т а во р , та 8 е тгоХХа каХ o X /3 ia кеХра
22951	ХеХбьтгта1 .2
22952	4 т о ю у т о ч
22953	8 '
22954	ш р
22955	т о р
22956	тротгор
22957	o il
22958	р о р о р
22959	а о т о ч
22960	а Х а х р о зч
22961	ка т еа т р еф ге
22962	т о р /3Хор, а Х Х а
22963	ка Х
22964	ttjp
22965	1 Йе£е Tzetzes, C 'h ilia d e III. 453, who preserves the first
22966	three lines of the poetry : 8f£ai A I), 8ci£ai B.
22967	4 2 6
22968	BOOK II. 23. 1-4
22969	in the company of his concubines and spinning
22970	purple garm ents and working the softest of wool, he
22971	had assumed the feminine garb and so covered his face
22972	and indeed his entire body with whitening cosmetics
22973	and the other unguents used by courtesans, th at he
22974	rendered it more delicate than th a t of any luxury-
22975	loving woman.
22976	He also took care to make even his
22977	voice to be like a woman’s, and at his carousals not only
22978	to indulge regularly in those drinks and viands which
22979	could offer the greatest pleasure, but also to pursue
22980	the delights of love with men as well as with women ;
22981	for he practised sexual indulgence of both kinds
22982	without restraint, showing not the least concern for
22983	the disgrace attending such conduct.
22984	To such an
22985	excess did he go of luxury and of the most shameless
22986	sensual pleasure and intem perance, th a t he composed
22987	a funeral dirge for him self and commanded his suc
22988	cessors upon the throne to inscribe it upon his tomb
22989	after his d eath ; it was composed by him in a foreign
22990	language but was afterwards translated by a Greek
22991	as follows:
22992	Knowing full well th at thou wert m ortal born,
22993	Thy heart lift up, take thy delight in feasts;
22994	W hen dead no pleasure more is thine.
22995	Thus I,
22996	Who once o’er m ighty Ninus ruled, am naught
22997	B ut dust.
22998	Y et these are mine which gave me joy
22999	In life— the food I ate, m y wantonness,
23000	And love’s delights.
23001	But all those other things
23002	M en deem felicities are left behind.
23003	Because he was a man of this character, not only did
23004	he end his own life in a disgraceful m anner, but he
23005	2 AeAui'Toi in Athenaeus 336a.
23006	427
p. 240
23007	DIODORUS OF SICILY
23008	A a a v p U iiv
23009	f j y e p o v l a v
23010	d p S r jv
23011	a v e r p e ^ jre ,
23012	7toX v -
23013	%,p o v L u n a T r /v y e v o p e v r jv t Sjv p ,v r ]p o v e v o p e v c o v .
23014	2 4 . ’A p P a ie r )?
23015	y a p T4?, M 7780? p ,ev
23016	t o y e i>0 $,
23017	a v S p e la
23018	S e
23019	/c a l
23020	X a p .T rp o T rjT i
23021	Sia cf/ep co v,
23022	e c rT p a T rjy e i M r'] Stop tow ic a r
23023	e v ia v T o v ¿ K ic e p iro -
23024	pievcov 6i? T tjv
23025	N iv o v .
23026	K a r a
23027	Se
23028	tt jv c n p a T e i a v
23029	y e v o jie v o s
23030	a v v rjd rjt;
23031	t &
23032	a T p a T rjy c b
23033	tcov B a f i v -
23034	X covicov, v i t
23035	e/ceL vov T ra p e/cX /jd /] /c a T a X v c r a i
23036	ttjv
23037	2 t S)v
23038	A a a v p i m v r jy e p o v la v .
23039	rjv
23040	S ’
23041	o v t o s
23042	o v o p ia
23043	p,ev BeXecn;?, t u jv
23044	S ’
23045	lep eco v e m a ijp o T a T O ? , 01)?
23046	H a fiv X c o v io i ic a X o v a t X a X S a i o u?.
23047	e p .T re ip ia v o v v
23048	'¿Xw v p e y i a r p v a < jT poX oyia< i
23049	re
23050	/c a l
23051	/iavTi/crj< ;
23052	T T p o eX eye ro£? 7roW of?
23053	t o d ’/r o ^ r ja o p .e v o v d S i a -
23054	7t t c o t w
23055	S io /c a l O a v p .a & p .e v o ’i eVt rooTOi? raj
23056	o -T paT r/ycp tcov M r/O w v
23057	o v t i cftiXrp v p o e h r e v
23058	o t i
23059	Tr a v T u ts a i/T o v S e i fta c n X e v c r a i ■n d a rj’i r?}? ^wpa?
23060	3 rj<: a p x e i ' E a p S a v d i r a X X o ^ .
23061	b S ’ ’Apf3d/cr)<? eVat-
23062	veera? tov a v S p a , tovtw p.ev e T rr jy y e iX a T o S b b a eiv
23063	a a T p a i r e i a v t?}? B a fS vX covL as, Trj<; i r p a ^ e w ; e ir l
23064	reXo? eX O o v c n j?, aoro? Se / c a d a i r e p e l t iv o s O eo v
23065	cfxovfj p,6Teo) pier d e l s t o i<; Te r j y e j i o a i
23066	tw v a X X c o v
23067	e d v a /v
23068	crw icT TaT O
23069	/c a l 7rpo? to.? e c r T ia a e i? /cat
23070	/c o i v a s
23071	op,iXia<; e/cTevd><; a i r a v T a ? T ra p e X d p ,j3 a v e ,
23072	4 c j/iX ia v /c a T a a /c e v d ^ c o v 1 7rpo? e/ca a T O v.
23073	e tp iX o T i-
23074	pcrjOrj
23075	S e /c a l
23076	t o p fia c r iX e a /c u t
23077	otJciv I S e iv /c a l
23078	tov T ovT O V j3 io v o X o v /c a T a a /c e ^ jr a a d a i.
23079	S io T rep
23080	Sov<; T iv i tw v e v v o v x e o v X P v a V v f a a X r jv iia r jx O r j
23081	1 KaratTKevu^tvv Gemistus : iy Karao Ktui^iav.
23082	428
23083	BOOK II. 23. 4-24. 4
23084	caused the total destruction of the Assyrian Empire,
23085	which had endured longer than any other known to
23086	history.
23087	24.
23088	The facts are th e se : 1 A certain Arbaces, a
23089	Mede by race, and conspicuous for his bravery and
23090	nobility of spirit, was the general of the contingent
23091	of Medes which was sent each year to Ninus.
23092	And
23093	having made the acquaintance during this service of
23094	the general of the Babylonians, he was urged by
23095	him to overthrow the empire of the Assyrians.
23096	Now this m an’s nam e was Belesys, and he was the
23097	most distinguished of those priests whom the
23098	Babylonians call Chaldaeans.
23099	And since as a con
23100	sequence he had the fullest experience of astrology
23101	and divination, he was wont to foretell the future
23102	unerringly to the people in general; therefore, being
23103	greatly admired for this gift, he also predicted to
23104	the general of the Medes, who was his friend, th at it
23105	was certainly fated for him to be king over all the
23106	territory which was then held by Sardanapallus.
23107	Arbaces, commending the man, promised to give him
23108	the satrapy of Babylonia when the aifair should be
23109	consummated, and for his part, like a man elated by a
23110	message from some god, both entered into a league
23111	with the commanders of the other nations and
23112	assiduously invited them all to banquets and social
23113	gatherings, establishing thereby a friendship with
23114	each of them.
23115	He was resolved also to see the king
23116	face to face and to observe his whole manner of life.
23117	Consequently he gave one of the eunuchs a golden
23118	1 The kernel of truth in the account which follows lies in the
23119	fact that Nineveh fell before the combined attacks of the
23120	Median Cyaxarcs and the Chaldaean Nabopolassar.
23121	429
p. 241
23122	DIODORUS OF SICILY
23123	71750?
23124	tov X apB avdiraX X ov, /cal
23125	Ttjv
23126	re Tpvrpijv
23127	avT ov /cal
23128	tov
23129	yvvac/ccdBr]
23130	toov
23131	¿TUTrjBevpaTcov
23132	KrfXov d/cpi/3S>s /caTavoijcras /caTetjopdvrjae pev to v
23133	/3aaiXea>s
23134	oi>? ovBevos d ^lo v, irporjydp Be troXv
23135	paX X ov a vT ey ea d a i tcov Bodeiacov eXiriBcov
23136	vtto
23137	5 to v X a X B a lo v .
23138	TeXos Be avvcopoalav eTrocqaaTO
23139	7rpos
23140	tov
23141	BeXecrw, a x n e
23142	avTov
23143	pev
23144	M7S00?
23145	aTrocTTrjaat. /cal IIepaas, e/celvov Be ire la a i Ba/3o-
23146	Xcoviovs Koivcovrjaai
23147	ttjs irpa^ecos /cal
23148	tov tcov
23149	A p a /3cov
23150	r/y ep,ova
23151	cjocXov
23152	ovTa
23153	TrpoaXa/3eodat
23154	irpos TrjV tcov oXcov eirldecnv.
23155	6
23156	'D? B 0 eviavcrios Trjs aTpaTelas BieXrjXvdei
23157	Xpovos, BiaBoxfjS B' 6Tepas eXdovaps (nraXvdpaav
23158	ol irpoTepoi /caTci
23159	to edos et?
23160	r a ? traTpiBa?,
23161	evTavda o 'Ap/3dicrjs eireiae
23162	t o o ? pev MjjSou?
23163	emdeadac t fj ftacnXeia, Ylepaas B' eir eXevdepla
23164	/coivcovrjaai Trjs avvoopoala?.1
23165	irapaicXrialoos Be
23166	/cal o BeXeo'o?
23167	t o o ?
23168	Te J$a/3vXcovlovs eireurev
23169	dvTexeadai tfjs eXevOeplas, /cal Trpea/3evaas els
23170	'Apafilav
23171	TrapeaT-paaTO
23172	to v
23173	rjyoi/pevov
23174	tcov
23175	eyxcopicov, ovTa cf/iXov avTov /cal %evov, peTacr^elv
23176	7
23177	t fjs ¿TTiO eaecos.
23178	to v
23179	B’ e v i a v a l o v X P ° V0V & ieX -
23180	Oovtos ir d v T e s o v to i
23181	ir X r )d o s a T p a T io o T c b v
23182	a v v -
23183	a y a y o v T e s r]/cov 7r a v B p p e l ir p o s
23184	tt)v N L vov,
23185	to>
23186	p e v X o ycp B ia B o x p v a y o v T e s , co? 7 0 a v v p d e s , t fj
23187	B'
23188	a X r jd e ia
23189	/c a T a X v a o v T e s
23190	t rjv
23191	tcov
23192	’A o a v p l c o v
23193	8 /¡y e p o v la v .
23194	d d p o io d e v rc o v o v v tcov irp o eip rjp ev w v
23195	t 6 t t dpcov edvoov e ls e v a
23196	tottov,
23197	o
23198	p e v a v p n a s
23199	ai/Tcov d p id p o s in rrjp x ev els TeTTapd/covTa p v -
23200	1 tTvv(cfxo<rias Dinclorf : yycfiovias.
23201	43°
23202	1 Cp. chap. 21.
23203	BOOK II. 24. 4-8
23204	bowl as a present and gained adm ittance to Sardana-
23205	pallus; and when he had observed at close hand both
23206	his luxuriousness and his love of effeminate pursuits
23207	and practices, he despised the king as worthy of no
23208	consideration and was led all the more to cling to the
23209	hopes which had been held out to him by the Chal-
23210	daean.
23211	And the conclusion of the m atter was th at he
23212	formed a conspiracy with Belesys, whereby he should
23213	himself move the Medes and Persians to revolt while
23214	the latter should persuade the Babylonians to join the
23215	undertaking and should secure the help of the com
23216	mander of the Arabs, who was his friend, for the
23217	attem pt to secure the supreme control.
23218	W hen the year’s tim e of their service in the king’s
23219	arm y 1 had passed and, another force, having arrived
23220	to replace them , the relieved men had been dis
23221	missed as usual to their homes, thereupon Arbaces
23222	persuaded the Medes to attack the Assyrian kingdom
23223	and the Persians to join in the conspiracy, on the
23224	condition of receiving their freedom .2
23225	Belesys too
23226	in similar fashion both persuaded the Babylonians
23227	to strike for their freedom, and sending an embassy
23228	to Arabia, won over the commander of the people
23229	of th at country, a friend of his who exchanged
23230	hospitality with him, to join in the attack.
23231	And
23232	after a year’s tim e all these leaders gathered a m ulti
23233	tude of soldiers and came with all their forces to
23234	Ninus, ostensibly bringing up replacements, as was
23235	the custom, but in fact with the intention of destroy
23236	ing the empire of the Assyrians.
23237	Now when these
23238	four nations had gathered into one place the whole
23239	number of them am ounted to four hundred thousand
23240	8 i.e. from the Assyrians.
23241	431
p. 242
23242	DIODORUS OF SICILY
23243	p t d S a s ,
23244	e ls
23245	p l a v
23246	S e
23247	7T a p e p /3 o X r jp
23248	a v v e X d o v T e s
23249	e /3 o v X e v o v T O /cotvr} ir e p t
23250	t o w a v p fy e p o v r o s .
23251	25. ^ a p S a v a T r a X X o s Be y v o v s Trjv c n r o a r a m v
23252	e v d v s e ^ q y a y e v h t
23253	a i/T o v s T a s d ir b tup a X X u v
23254	e O v u v S v v d p e t s .
23255	/c a l to p e v i r p u T o v y e v o p e v p s e v
23256	•7u 7reSlcp irapaTa^eus eX el$> 9¡jcrav o l tt;v d ir o -
23257	a r a c r iv T r o tp a d p e v o t, /c a l 7toXXovs d ir o fia X o P T e s
23258	a v v e S tu ^ O r ja - a v
23259	e ls
23260	o p o s
23261	a T r e ^ o v
23262	r f j s
23263	Ninon
23264	2 c r r a S i o v s
23265	e/3Sop7jKOVTa'
23266	p e T a
23267	Se
23268	r a v r a
23269	7r d X t v
23270	/ c a T a f t d v T u v
23271	a v T u v
23272	e ls
23273	to
23274	ttcSIop
23275	/c a l
23276	irp o s
23277	p d ^ v T r a p a a / c e v a ^ o p e v u v , 0 p e v 1 ,a p S a v d T r a X X o s
23278	a V T i T a ^ a s
23279	T p v
23280	I S l a v
23281	c r T p a T ta v
23282	TTpoairecrTeiXe
23283	77/30?
23284	t o T (bv 7T o X e p lm v a T p a T o v e S o v tovs K tjp v -
23285	% o vT a s Scoti ^ a p S a v a T r a X X o s tois p e v d v e X o v c r t v
23286	’A p/3d/crp> top M fjSov
23287	S u a e t % p v a l o v
23288	S ta /c o c ria
23289	T a X a v T a ,
23290	tois Se
23291	£ u v T a
23292	i r a p a S o v c u
23293	y ^ p p p a T a
23294	p e v
23295	S c o p p a e T a i
23296	S is
23297	T o a a v T a ,
23298	tt/s
23299	Se
23300	M r j S l a s
23301	3 w7r a p y o v 1 / c a T a o T r jc e / .
23302	T r a p a T r X r /a iu s 2 S' eTTtjy-
23303	y e c X a T o S u a e i v S u p e a s
23304	t o is B e X e a v v t o p Ba/3w-
23305	X c o vio v
23306	a v e X o v c n v
23307	rj
23308	^ c o y p p a a c n v .
23309	o v S e v b s
23310	Se
23311	7rpoaeyovTOs
23312	t o is
23313	/ c i q p v y p a a t ,
23314	avvrj-^re p d y q v ,
23315	/ca l 7r o X X o v s p e v ecj/ovevcre
23316	t u v d i r o a T a T u v , to
23317	S a X X o irX rjO os a v v e S l u ^ e v e ls ttjv ev t o is opecri
23318	T T apepf3oXrjv.
23319	4
23320	0 1
23321	S k 776/31
23322	t o p
23323	’A p /3 d /c p v
23324	S ia
23325	T a s
23326	y T T a s
23327	d O v p o v v T e? a v v r j y a y o v t u v (fitX io v a v v e S p io v /c a l
23328	5 Trpoedrj/cav fiovXpv tL Seoi TvpdiTTetv,
23329	ol irXel-
23330	(TT01 pev ovv ecj/aaav Selv els Tas naTplSas
23331	aTTievai /cal tottovs oyvpovs /caTaXapf3dvecr6ai
23332	/cat tuv aXXuv tuv els top 7roXepov yprjo-lpuv
23333	1 Sirapx0" Vogel : firapxov Vulgate, Bekker, Dindorf.
23334	432
23335	BOOK II. 24. 8-25. 5
23336	men, and when they had assembled into one camp
23337	they took counsel together concerning the best plan
23338	to pursue.
23339	25.
23340	As for Sardanapallus, so soon as he became
23341	aware of the revolt, he led forth against the rebels
23342	the contingents which had come from the rest of
23343	the nations.
23344	And at first, when battle was joined
23345	on the plain, those who were making the revolt were
23346	defeated, and after heavy losses were pursued to a
23347	mountain which was seventy stades distant from
23348	N inus; but afterwards, when they came down again
23349	into the plain and were preparing for battle, Sardana
23350	pallus marshalled his army against them and des
23351	patched heralds to the camp of the enemy to make
23352	this proclam ation:
23353	“ Sardanapallus will give two
23354	hundred talents of gold to anyone who slays Arbaces
23355	the M ede, and will make a present of twice that
23356	am ount to anyone who delivers him up alive and will
23357	also appoint him governor over M edia.” Likewise he
23358	promised to reward any who would either slay
23359	Belesys the Babylonian or take him alive.
23360	But
23361	since no man paid any attention to the proclamation,
23362	he joined battle, slew many of the rebels, and
23363	pursued the rem ainder of the m ultitude into their
23364	encampment in the mountains.
23365	Arbaces, having lost heart because of these defeats,
23366	now convened a m eeting of his friends and called
23367	upon them to consider what should be done.
23368	Now
23369	the majority said th at they should retire to their
23370	respective countries, seize strong positions, and so far
23371	as possible prepare there whatever else would be
23372	2 For napa/rKrtaius Gemistus, followed by Bekker and
23373	Dindorf, conjectured jrapair\Ti<rias.
23374	433
p. 243
23375	DIODORUS OF SICILY
23376	tt)v evBe'^o/xev'ijv napacrKevrjv iroieicrdar BeXeau?
23377	8
23378	o
23379	BaffvXcoviot,
23380	^njcrat
23381	Toiit
23382	deoii?
23383	avTOit
23384	crTjfiaiveiv
23385	[¿era
23386	ttovcov
23387	Kal
23388	KaKowaOeLat
23389	eirl
23390	teXo? a£eiv ttjv irpoaipecnv, Kal t aXXa irapaxa-
23391	Xecrat ev8exopevcot, eiretcrev airavTa? inro/ieveiv
23392	6 toii? Kiv8vvovt-
23393	yevofievrjt ovv TpiTpt irapa-
23394	Ta^ecot 7rdXiv o ftaaiXevt eviKTjcre, Kal Trjt ts
23395	napepi^oXijt toiv cnrocnaTcbv ¿KvpLevae Kal Tout
23396	r)TTT]devTas ¿8ico^e fie%pi tcov opcov t»79 MaffvXco-
23397	JHa?’ <rvve/3r} 8e Kal tov ’A pftaKTjv avTOV Xap,-
23398	irpoTaTa KivSvvevaavTa Kal iroXXovt aveXovra
23399	7 to iv ' Aaaupicov y e v e c r d a i rpavp-arlav.
23400	ttjX i k o v -
23401	tcov
23402	8 ’ eXaTTtofiaTcov
23403	K a r a
23404	t o
23405	c r v v e x e t
23406	y i v o -
23407	p.evcov
23408	T o i t
23409	dcf>ecrTr)K ocnv,
23410	o i
23411	t a t
23412	r jy e p io v ia t
23413	e x o v T e t
23414	aweXir i a a v T e t
23415	ir e p l
23416	T rjt
23417	v tK p t
23418	i r a p -
23419	ecT K eva^ ovT O
23420	8 ia x c o p i^ e c r 6 a i
23421	i r p o t T o u t
23422	o Ik c Lo v t
23423	8 eKacTTOi Toirovt.
23424	o 8e BeXecru? ev inTaLOpcp ttjv
23425	vi>KTa 8it)ypvirvrjKcot Kal 7repl Ttjv tcov acrrpcov
23426	irapaTiipr)cTiv cfiiXoTiaijOeit, ecfirjcre Tolt aTrrfXm-
23427	Koai Ta irpa.yp.aTa, av irevO' rjpepat dvapelvcoaiv,
23428	avTopaTrjv rj^eiv 0orj6eiav Kal peTafioXrjv ecrecrOai
23429	toiv oXcov irappeyeOr] elt Tovvavriov’ ravra yap
23430	opav 8ia Trjt tcov acrTpcov epireipiat irpocrppai-
23431	vovvat avToit Toilt Oeovt-
23432	Kal irapeKclXet TavTat
23433	Ta? ppepat peivavTat irelpav Xafieiv Trjt ¿¿ta?
23434	Texvpt xal Trjt tcov decbv evepyecrlat.
23435	26.
23436	M eTaKXrjOevTcov ovv irdvTcov irdXiv Kal
23437	tov copiapkvov XP°V0V dvapeivdvTcov, rjKe Tit
23438	diray ykXXcav 8 io t i 8vvapit ¿k Trjt HaKTpiavrjt
23439	direaTaXpkvrj tco ¡SaaiXei irXrjaiov ecttI iropevo-
23440	2 pkvrj KaTa crirov8rjv.
23441	e8o^ev ovv roit ire pi tov
23442	Ap/3aKT}V
23443	airavTrjaai
23444	rot?
23445	arparpyoit
23446	ttjv
23447	434
23448	BOOK II. 25. 5-26. 2
23449	useful for the w ar; but Belesys the Babylonian, by
23450	maintaining th a t the gods were promising them by
23451	signs th at with labours and hardship they would bring
23452	their enterprise to a successful end, and encouraging
23453	them in every other way as much as he could, per
23454	suaded them all to remain to face further perils.
23455	So
23456	there was a third battle, and again the king was
23457	victorious, captured the camp of the rebels, and
23458	pursued the defeated foe as far as the boundaries of
23459	Babylonia;
23460	and it also happened th a t Arbaces
23461	himself, who had fought most brilliantly and had
23462	slain many Assyrians, was wounded.
23463	And now th at
23464	the rebels had suffered defeats so decisive following
23465	one upon the other, their commanders, abandoning
23466	all hope of victory, were preparing to disperse each
23467	to his own country.
23468	But Belesys, who had passed a
23469	sleepless night in the open and had devoted himself
23470	to the observation of the stars, said to those who had
23471	lost hope in their cause, “ If you will wait five days
23472	help will come of its own accord, and there will be a
23473	mighty change to the opposite in the whole situation;
23474	for from my long study of the stars I see the gods
23475	foretelling this to us.”
23476	And he appealed to them to
23477	wait th at many days and test his own skill and the
23478	good will of the gods.
23479	26.
23480	So after they had all been called back and had
23481	waited the stipulated tim e, there came a messenger
23482	with the news that a force which had been despatched
23483	from Bactriana to the king was near at hand, advan
23484	cing with all speed.
23485	Arbaces, accordingly, decided to
23486	go to m eet their generals by the shortest route,
23487	435
p. 244
23488	DIODORUS OF SICILY
23489	r a ^ i a r r j v
23490	d v a X a f io v T a ?
23491	to/ v
23492	a T p a T io n o /v
23493	to ¿9
23494	K p a T itT T O v i
23495	kcu p a X u n ' eufwi/ot/?, otto)?, a v p rj
23496	h t a tcov X o y a rv too? B a K T p ia v o v s h v v w v r a i T r e la a i
23497	a v v c n r o a T r jv c u ,
23498	Tot?
23499	ottX oi?
23500	j3id<ra)VTat,
23501	p e r a -
23502	3 a\elv to>v aindov eXirihorv.
23503	reXo? he 1 irp'os ttjv
23504	eXevOepLav acrpeva)<; vira/covaavTarv to pev 7rpw-
23505	tov tS>v rjyepovwv, enreira /cal ttj<; oXrj<; hvvdpew?,
23506	iravres ev raoTw /caTeaTpcnoTreheuaav.
23507	4
23508	O tc hrj avvefitj t ov ¡3acnXea tcov 'Acrtrvpicov
23509	ttjv pev diroataaiv tq»v Ba/cTpiavotv ayvoovvTa,
23510	tat? he 7TpoyeyevT}pevai<; evrjpepLaa perecopia-
23511	devra, TpaTrrjvai itpo; avecnv, /cal tot? arparuo-
23512	Tat? hiahovvai nrpo<; evoryiav lepela /cal ir\r}9o<s
23513	oivov Te «a t tS>v aXXcov eirirpheLcov.
23514	hiotrep ttj<;
23515	hvvapeus
23516	dirdar/t; earuopevr/?,
23517	ol
23518	irepl
23519	top
23520	A p/3d/CT}v trapd tivojv ainopoXcov irvOopevoi ttjv
23521	ev Trj irapepftoXj} twv iroXepLcov paOvpiav /cal
23522	peOrjv, W/CT09 drrpoaho/c>}TO)<i ttjv eirwecriv ¿ttoitj-
23523	5 a a v r o .
23524	•n p o c n r e a o v T e 'i
23525	he
23526	c r w r e r a y p e v o i
23527	p e v
23528	atTVVTa/cToi< i,
23529	e r o i p o i
23530	h ’
23531	d tr a p a c r /c e v o is ,
23532	r r j t
23533	r e
23534	7rapep/3oXr}<;
23535	e /c p d r r ja a v
23536	/c a l
23537	to tv
23538	tn p a T U o r w v
23539	ttoX X o v s d v e X o v r e s too? a X X o v t p e % p i
23540	t »;? tto-
23541	6 Xew? /ca re h ic o tja v .
23542	p e r a h e r a v r a o p e v ¡3aaCXev<;
23543	T a X a i p e v t j v tov d h e X tp o v tyjs y v v a i / c o ; d r r o h e i^ a ^
23544	c n p a T T jy o v , aoTo?
23545	t w o
23546	K a r a ttjv
23547	7toX iv ¿7r ip e -
23548	X e ta v ¿TTOieiTO' o i h ’ d i r o a T a T a i /c a T a to T reh io v
23549	to 7r p o Trj<s TToXecot i r a p a T a ^ a p e v o i h v a l p d y c u < ;
23550	e v iK ija a v too? ’Aoooptoo?, /c a l
23551	tov
23552	t €
23553	V a X a i -
23554	p e v r jv d v e iX o v /c a l two a v T C T a ^ a p e v a v too? p e v
23555	e v ttj 1p v y j j /c a T e a tp a ^ a v , too? 8’ d7ro/cXei<T6evTa<;
23556	T ty;
23557	ei?
23558	ttjv
23559	ttoX iv
23560	e ir a v o h o v /cat c r v v a v a y /c a -
23561	tr9evTa< ;
23562	eaoTOO?
23563	p t i n e i v
23564	et?
23565	too
23566	E v< ppaTrjv
23567	436
23568	BOOK II. 26. 2—6
23569	taking along the best and most agile of his troops,
23570	so that, in case they should be unable to persuade
23571	the Bactrians by argum ents to join in the revolt, they
23572	might resort to arms to force them to share with them
23573	in the same hopes.
23574	But the outcome was that the
23575	new-comers gladly listened to the call to freedom,
23576	first the commanders and then the entire force, and
23577	they all encamped in the same place.
23578	It happened at this very time that the king of the
23579	Assyrians, who was unaware of the defection of the
23580	Bactrians and had become elated over his past
23581	successes, turned to indulgence and divided among
23582	his soldiers for a feast animals and great quantities
23583	of both wine and all other provisions.
23584	Consequently,
23585	since the whole army was carousing, Arbaces, learning
23586	from some deserters of the relaxation and drunken
23587	ness in the camp of the enemy, made his attack upon
23588	it unexpectedly in the night.
23589	And as it was an as
23590	sault of organized men upon disorganized and of
23591	ready men upon unprepared, they won possession of
23592	the camp, and after slaying many of the soldiers
23593	pursued the rest of them as far as the city.
23594	After
23595	this the king named for the chief command Galae-
23596	menes, his wife’s brother, and gave his own attention
23597	to the affairs within the city.
23598	But the rebels, drawing
23599	up their forces in the plain before the city, overcame
23600	the Assyrians in two battles, and they not only slew
23601	Galaemenes, but of the opposing forces they cut
23602	down some in their flight, while others, who had been
23603	shut out from entering the city and forced to leap into
23604	1 For Tt'Xos 5e Vogel proposes t o u t s» ’ St or &y, unless, as
23605	he suggests, there is a large lacuna.
23606	437
p. 245
23607	DIODORUS OF SICILY
23608	7 7T o r a p o v itX tjv o X iy c a v a i r a v r a ? d v e l X o v .
23609	toctovto
23610	Be irXrjdo<; fjv
23611	t & v <f>ovevdevTcov & m e to <f>ep6-
23612	p e v o v p e v p a x p a d e v a i p a r i r r /v y p o a v eif>' itc a v o v
23613	tottov p e r a f t a X e I v .
23614	e i r e i r a r o d j3a< riX eQ )f a v y -
23615	x X e u r d e v T O 1; e ls
23616	T T o X io p x la v
23617	ir o X X a
23618	tu>v
23619	e d v ta v
23620	a l i e n a r o , e tc d c rro v 77/30? r rjv ¿ X e v d e p L a v a v r o p o -
23621	X c v v T O t.
23622	8
23623	'O Be % apB avd.T raX X o< ; opo>v r rjv
23624	oX tjv f i a c i -
23625	X e ia v
23626	e v rot? p eyicT T O K
23627	o v tr a v
23628	x iv B v v o t,?, too?
23629	p e v v i o v s T p e ls o v r a ? x a l
23630	d v y a r e p a s
23631	B vo p e r a
23632	ttoX X m v y p p p a r e o v e is IIa< f> X a yo via v d i r e a r e i X e
23633	77/309 K o ttc lv too e - n a p y o v , o v r a two a p y o p e v a tv
23634	e v v o v c T T a r o v , aoTO? Be ¡3i/3Xia<f)opov<; d ir o tT r e iX a t;
23635	7 T /o o ? a i r a v r a s t o v s vtt' a v r o v te r a y p e v o v } p e t-
23636	ejrepLTreTO B v v d p e n ? « a t Ta 777309 tt jv ir o X io p id a v
23637	9 7ra p e c T K e v a ^ e T o .
23638	rjv
23639	B’ a in u >
23640	X o y io v 77a p a B e B o -
23641	p e v o v he
23642	irp o y o v e o v
23643	O T t tt)v
23644	N t o o o
23645	o v B e t ? e X e l
23646	kclto,
23647	/e p d r o s ,
23648	e a v p rj
23649	ir p o T e p o v
23650	0
23651	T r o r a p b i Trj
23652	n o X e i y e v p r a i T ro X e p to s.
23653	v n o X a p f id v e a v o v v r o d -
23654	to
23655	p yjB eT ro re
23656	e a e a f f a i ,
23657	T a t ?
23658	e X ir ic r iv
23659	d v r e l y e ,
23660	B ia v o o v p e v o s in r o p e v e e v T rjv
23661	ir o X io p /e ia v x a l T a
23662	i r a p a
23663	two
23664	v i r o r e r a y p e v c o v 1
23665	d iro fT T a X rjc r o p e v a
23666	(T T p a T o ire B a 77p o e r B e y e e rd e u ?
23667	27.
23668	O l B’ d v o m a T a i Tot? ir p o T e p ^ p a c n v e tr a p -
23669	d e v r e s ir p o a e x e iV T o p e v rf} T ro X io p ieia , B id Be T rjv
23670	o y v p o T r jr a two r e ty e b v o iiB ev rjB vva vT O f3 X d \fr a i
23671	Tov<;
23672	e v T jj
23673	7r o X e r
23674	T r e r p o fio X o i y a p rj y e X h v a i
23675	yoH TTpLBe9 ^
23676	« p t o t
23677	7 7 /3 0 ? d v a r p o v T j v p e p r j y a v p -
23678	p e v o i
23679	r e i y d i v
23680	o vireo /cot’ e/cet0009 too? « a t / 3o o ?
23681	1 fiiroTiraytiiVaiv V o g e l: ena.pxa»' A B D , B ek k er, Dindorf.
23682	a Trpoat>exfiT0ai V o g e l: irpotreBe'xfTo V u lgate, B ek ker, Din-
23683	dorf.
23684	438
23685	BOOK II. 26. 6-27. i
23686	the Euphrates river, they destroyed almost to a man.
23687	So great was the multitude o f the slain that the water
23688	o f the stream, mingled with the blood, was changed in
23689	colour over a considerable distance.
23690	Furthermore,
23691	now that the king was shut up in the city and be
23692	sieged there, many o f the nations revolted, going
23693	over in each case to the side o f liberty.
23694	Sardanapallus, realizing that his entire kingdom
23695	was in the greatest danger, sent his three sons and
23696	two daughters together with much of his treasure to
23697	Paphlagonia to the governor Cotta, who was the most
23698	loyal of his subjects, while he himself, despatching
23699	letter-carriers to all his subjects, summoned forces
23700	and made preparations for the siege. Now there was a
23701	prophecy which had come down to him from his
23702	ancestors: “ No enemy will ever take Ninus by storm
23703	unless the river shall first become the city’s enemy.”
23704	Assuming, therefore, that this would never be, he
23705	held out in hope, his thought being to endure the
23706	siege and await the troops which would be sent from
23707	his subjects.
23708	27.
23709	The rebels, elated at their successes, pressed
23710	the siege, but because of the strength of the walls they
23711	were unable to do any harm to the men in the city;
23712	for neither engines for throwing stones, nor shelters
23713	tor sappers,1 nor battering-rams devised to overthrow
23714	walls had as yet been invented at that time.
23715	More-
23716	1 The
23717	(“ to rto ise s” ; cp. th e R om an testudo)
23718	X a n r rpities were strong m oveable sheds or roofs, under whose
23719	protection sappers and m iners could w ork.
23720	In Book 20. 91. 8
23721	th ey are contrasted w ith sheds which carried battering-ram s
23722	( x e A w r a t npiotp&poi).
23723	439
p. 246
23724	DIODORUS O F SICILY
23725	evprjvT O .
23726	totv S '
23727	e ir n r jS e lc o v
23728	d ir d v T c o v
23729	o i K a r a
23730	trjv
23731	7r o X iv
23732	7ro X X rjv e t y o v S a \jr lX e ia v ,
23733	irp o v e v o rj-
23734	p e v o v tov /3a< rtX ecos tovtov tov p e p o v s .
23735	S io K a l
23736	X p o v i^ o v a r js
23737	ttjs
23738	T ro X io p K ia s 67r’
23739	e rr)
23740	p e v
23741	S v o
23742	irp o a e K e iv T O i r p o a f f o X a s ir o io v p e v o i tois T e lx e c n
23743	K a l tfjs 67ti trjv x o b p a v e ^ o S o v tou? eV tt}? 7roX.e<M?
23744	e lp y o v T e s ‘
23745	tcS
23746	T piT cp
23747	S '
23748	€T €i
23749	a v v e x d r s
23750	b p /3 p co v
23751	p e y d X w v K a r a p p a y e v T io v <tvv€/3tj tov E v(f> p d T ijv
23752	p e y a v y e v o p e v o v /c a T a /c X u a a i T6 p e p o s ttjs 7ro-
23753	\ 6<m? /c a t
23754	K a T a /3 u X e iv to
23755	tet^o? 67rl
23756	a T a S l o v s
23757	2 eiKocnv.
23758	evTavda
23759	o
23760	/3a<riXevs
23761	vo p la a s
23762	T6T6-
23763	X ea d a i tov X PV ^pbv /cal t!j ttoXci tov 7roTapov
23764	yeyovevai cfravepcbs TroXepiov, direyvco ttjv acoTtj-
23765	plav.
23766	iva
23767	Se
23768	prj
23769	tois
23770	it oXe plots
23771	l/noxelpios
23772	ykvrprai, Trvpav ev t01s /3a a iX elo is /caTea/cevacrev
23773	inreppeyedtj, ical tov t c x P v a ° " Kai T on dpyvpov
23774	airavT a, 77700? Se tovtois ttjv /3aaiXi/c?jv eaOrjTa
23775	7ra a a v eirl TavTtjv eacopevae, t <z ? Se 7raXXa/ciSas
23776	Kal to vs ei/vovxovs a vyK X ela a s els tov ev pearj
23777	Trj
23778	7Tvpa
23779	KaTeaKeuaapevov
23780	oIkov d p a
23781	tovtois
23782	a ir a a iv eavTov te Kal
23783	t <z /3a a lX eia K arEKavaev.
23784	3 oi S' aTrocTTaTai irvdopevoi ttjv dird/Xeiav ttjv
23785	2 apSavairdXXov,
23786	ttjs pev
23787	TrbXews EKpaT/jaav
23788	eimrecFovTes KaTa to ttetttutkos pepos tov Telxovs,
23789	tov S
23790	Apf3aK/]v evSvtxavTes
23791	ttjv
23792	/BaaiXiKTjv
23793	(TToXrjv tt poa-rjybpevcxav /3acnXea, Kal ttjv totv
23794	oXcov e^ovalav eTreTpe^rav.
23795	28.
23796	" E v O a Srj tov f t a a i X e w s toIs a v v a y a r v i a a -
23797	p e v o i s (T T p a T T jy o ls S w p e d s tc S ta S o v T o s KaTa ttjv
23798	a ^ i a v K a l a a T p a i r a s eO vdrv K a d ic n d v T o s , T rp o v e X -
23799	Oorv a v T io BeAecri/? o
23800	B a /3 v X d > v io s, o T rp o e n rib v
23801	OTi ¡ B a a iX e v s e c n a i ttjs ’ A a l a s , ttjs te e v e p y e a l a s
23802	4 4 0
23803	BOOK II. 27. 1-28. i
23804	over, the inhabitants of the city had a great abundance
23805	of all provisions, since the king had taken thought on
23806	th at score.
23807	Consequently the siege dragged on, and
23808	for two years they pressed their attack, making
23809	assaults on the walls and preventing the inhabitants
23810	of the city from going out into the country; but in
23811	the third year, after there had been heavy and con
23812	tinuous rains, it came to pass th at the Euphrates,
23813	running very full, both inundated a portion of the
23814	city and broke down the walls for a distance of
23815	tw enty stades.
23816	A t this the king, believing that the
23817	oracle had been fulfilled and that the river had
23818	plainly become the city’s enemy, abandoned hope of
23819	saving himself.
23820	And in order th at he m ight not fall
23821	into the hands of the enemy, he built an enormous
23822	pyre 1 in his palace, heaped upon it all his gold and
23823	silver as well as every article of the royal wardrobe,
23824	and then, shutting his concubines and eunuchs in
23825	the room which had been built in the middle of the
23826	pyre, he consigned both them and himself and his
23827	palace to the flames.
23828	The rebels, on learning of the
23829	death of Sardanapalius, took the city by forcing an
23830	entrance where the wall had fallen, and clothing
23831	Arbaces in the royal garb saluted him as king and
23832	put in his hands the supreme authority.
23833	28.
23834	Thereupon, after the new king had distributed
23835	among the generals who had aided him in the struggle
23836	gifts corresponding to their several deserts, and as he
23837	was appointing satraps over the nations, Belesys the
23838	Babylonian, who had foretold to Arbaces th at he
23839	would be king of Asia, coming to him, reminded him
23840	1
23841	Diodorus greatly abridged the description of this pyre by
23842	Ctesias, since Athenaeus (12. 38), who derived his account of
23843	it also from Ctesias, gives many more details concerning it.
23844	441
p. 247
23845	DIODORUS OF SICILY
23846	viTe/xvtjae Kal
23847	ttjv
23848	Ba/3vXcbvo<; dpxpv
23849	rj^lov
23850	2 Bovval, tcaddirep
23851	apxps virea^ero.
23852	airefyaL-
23853	veTO Be Kal Kara t o w k iv S vvovs eavTov evxvv
23854	TreTroir/adai
23855	t £>
23856	B?j\&) YapBavairdXXov KpaTrj-
23857	6ivTo<i Kal tiov 1 ffaaiXeuov ep.TrvpiadevTa>v airo-
23858	Ko/ueiv ttjv airoBbv
23859	ttjv ¿ k
23860	tovtw v els Ba/3v-
23861	Xarva, Kal
23862	ttX tjoiov
23863	tov TepLevovt tov deov Kal
23864	tov iroTap.ov KaTadejxevov
23865	KaTatjKevdaeiv
23866	to 7rape£ojievov Tots' Kara tov Bv(ppaTTjv ir\eov-
23867	criv aBavaTOV vtrop,VT]p,a to v KaTaXvcravTO? ttjv
23868	3 ’Acravpiarv dpx'jv.
23869	tovto 8
23870	TjTeiTO nTvdbjievbi
23871	tivos evvovyrov to, irepl tov apyvpov Kal xpvaov,
23872	ov BiaBpdvTa Kal irpw avTov avTopoXrjaavTa
23873	4 K a T eK p v yjrev.
23874	o 8 ’ ’A pj3aK Tj<; tovtcov o v S e v elBcos
23875	B ia to i r a v T a s t o w ¿ v t o k f i a a i X e i o i s a v j K a T a -
23876	K a r jv a i T(p ¡ B a a iX e l,
23877	ttjv re a ir o B o v d ir o K o jr ia a i
23878	K a l
23879	ttjv
23880	B a ftv X a r v a
23881	ey^eiv
23882	a T e X rj
23883	a v v e ) /( b p p a e v .
23884	e ld ’ o jx e v BeXecru? ir X o la ir a p a a T p a d p - e v o t jis t o ,
23885	Ttjij a ir o S o v to irX eicrTO V tov re a p y v p o v K a l tov
23886	X p v c r o v crvvT o p -cw d n e a T e i X e v e h B a f i v X w v a - o
23887	Be
23888	f i a c u X e w ,
23889	p .rjv v6 eia T j(;
23890	a w e d
23891	ttjs
23892	ir p d ^ e u x ;
23893	a v T O tfx b p o v , 2 ¿¿«aara? d n e S e i ^ e t o w
23894	c r v v a y c o v i-
23895	5 aap.evow tnpaTqyow.
23896	tov irpd^avTO<: 8’ opoXo-
23897	yovvTOS dSiKeiv, to ¡xev BiKacrTtjpiov avTov Oava-
23898	tov KaTeyva>, o Be fiaaiXew, p.eyaXb\lrv)£o<: arv
23899	Kal ttjv dp%rjv ttjs rjyepovLas ¡3ovXojievo<; eiueiKrj
23900	TTapeyecrdaL,
23901	tot v
23902	ts
23903	kivSvvcov
23904	direXvae
23905	tov
23906	B eXecrvv Kal tov dnoKeKOpuajxevov apyvpov Kal
23907	Xpvcrov ’¿Xeiv crvvexbbppcrev o/xoiew Be Kal ttjv
23908	e£ dpxps Bodelaav
23909	e^ovalav
23910	t%
23911	Ba/3vXcbvo<i
23912	1
23913	iW a w after tu v added by Vulgate, Bekker, Dindorf.
23914	4 4 2
23915	of his good services, and asked th at he be given the
23916	governorship of Babylon, as had been promised at the
23917	outset.
23918	He also explained th at when their cause
23919	was endangered he had made a vow to Belus that, if
23920	Sardanapallus were defeated and his palace went up
23921	in flames, he would bring its ashes to Babylon, and
23922	depositing them near the river and the sacred
23923	precinct of the god he would construct a mound
23924	which, for all who sailed down the Euphrates, would
23925	stand as an eternal memorial of the man who had
23926	overthrown the rule of the Assyrians.
23927	This request
23928	he made because he had learned from a certain
23929	eunuch, who had made his escape and come to
23930	Belesys and was kept hidden by him, of the facts
23931	regarding the silver and gold.
23932	Now since Arbaces
23933	knew nothing of this, by reason of the fact th a t all
23934	the inmates of the palace had been burned along with
23935	the king, he allowed him both to carry the ashes away
23936	and to hold Babylon without the paym ent of tribute.
23937	Thereupon Belesys procured boats and at once sent
23938	off to Babylon along with the ashes practically all the
23939	silver and gold; and the king, having been informed
23940	of the act which Belesys had been caught perpetrating,
23941	appointed as judges the generals who had served with
23942	him in the war.
23943	And when the accused acknowledged
23944	his guilt, the court sentenced him to death, but the
23945	king, being a magnanimous man and wishing to
23946	make his rule at the outset known for clemency, both
23947	freed Belesys from the danger threatening him and
23948	allowed him to keep the silver and gold which he had
23949	carried off; likewise, he did not even take from him
23950	the governorship over Babylon which had originally
23951	BOOK II. 28. 1-5
23952	auTotpwpov Rhodomann : avro<p6pov.
23953	443
p. 248
23954	DIODORUS OF SICILY
23955	ovk d<j>eiXeTO, <^trj(ja<; pei&vas elvai Tas eg avTOv
23956	irpoyeyevt)peva<i evepyeaias tow
23957	vcttepov dSucr)-
23958	6 p a T w v.
23959	hiafiorjdeierr]? he rfjs ¿TTieuceias ov t i]v
23960	Tv^ovcrav evvoiav apa1 ical hogav irapa twv
23961	edvw v av7]veyKaTO, nrdvTwv K pivovTw v a g io v elvai
23962	7-779
23963	fiaaXeias
23964	tov ovtw 7rpoaeve^0evra Toh
23965	7 ahuci]<Ta<riv.
23966	o h' ovv ’Apffdicrjs Toh Kara rrjv
23967	7rhXiv eTTiencd><i ttpoaeveydeh avTOv<; pev /card
23968	Kwpa<; hiwKiae,
23969	T a 9
23970	ihias KT-queis
23971	e/cdaTois
23972	awohovs, t tjv he ttoXiv eh eha<f>o<; Karecr/ca^ev.
23973	eirena tov re dpyvpov Kai ypvaov
23974	t ov ¿k 7-779
23975	TTvpas vvo\ei<j>OevTa nroXXwv ovra TaXdvTwv
23976	direKopiae T779 M.rjhia<; eh \\K/3aTava.
23977	8
23978	'H p e v o v v r j y e p o v i a twv 'A a a v p i w v d ir o N L vo v
23979	h i a p e i v a a a tp id /c o v r a p e v y e v e d s , e rt] he T rX eiw
23980	twv y i X i w v ic a l T p ia K o c r iw v , v ir b
23981	K a T eX vd -q
23982	to v tt p o e ip i) p e v o v T p o ir o v .
23983	29. ' l l p i v h’ ovk d v d p p o a T o v e l v a i h o K e i ir e p i
23984	twv ¿v H a f i v X w v i X a X h a i w v K a i T779 d p y a io T T jT O i
23985	a v twv ¡ 3 p a y e a h ie X O e iv , i v a p r jh e v T r a p a X e lir w p e v
23986	2 twv dg'iwv pvrjprjs.
23987	XaXhaioi toivvv twv apyaio-
23988	TaTwv ovT£9 B afivXwviwv tfj ixev hiaipeaei T779
23989	TroXneia<; TrapaTrXrjcriav eyovai Tagiv Toh KaT
23990	Aiyvtnov iepevai•
23991	77/309 yap tt) depaireia twv
23992	0ewv TeTaypevoi irdvTa
23993	r ov
23994	tov £rjv ypovov
23995	QiXocrotfsovcn, peyi<m)v hogav eyovTCs ¿v dcnpo-
23996	Xoyia.
23997	dvTeyovTai h’ eirl 7toXv Kai pavTiKrj<t,
23998	Troiovpevoi irpopp-qaei9 irepl twv peXXovtwv, Kai
23999	twv pev Kaffappoh, twv he dvaiais,
24000	twv h’
24001	aXXai<> Tlcrlv e-rrwhah aTTOTpOTra9 KaKWV Kai
24002	3 TtXeicocreis ayaffwv ireipwvTai iropi^eiv. ¿pireipiav
24003	1 i'uu Dindorf: aKKd.
24004	444
24005	been given to him, saying th at his former services
24006	were greater than his subsequent misdeeds.
24007	When
24008	this act of clemency was noised about, he won no
24009	ordinary loyalty on the part of his subjects as well as
24010	renown among the nations, all judging that a man
24011	who had conducted himself in this wise towards
24012	wrongdoers was worthy of the kingship.
24013	Arbaces,
24014	however, showing clemency towards the inhabitants
24015	of the city, settled them in villages and returned to
24016	each man his personal possessions, but the city he
24017	levelled to the ground.
24018	Then the silver and gold,
24019	amounting to many talents, which had been left in
24020	the pyre, he collected and took off to Ecbatana in
24021	Media.
24022	So the empire of the Assyrians, which had endured
24023	from the tim e of Ninus through thirty generations,
24024	for more than one thousand three hundred years,
24025	was destroyed by the Medes in the manner described
24026	above.
24027	29.
24028	But to us it seems not inappropriate to speak
24029	briefly of the Chaldaeans of Babylon and of their
24030	antiquity, th at we may omit nothing which is
24031	worthy of record.
24032	Now the Chaldaeans, belonging as
24033	they do to the most ancient inhabitants of Babylonia,
24034	have about the same position among the divisions of
24035	the state as that occupied by the priests of E g y p t; for
24036	being assigned to the service of the gods they spend
24037	their entire life in study, their greatest renown being
24038	in the field of astrology.
24039	But they occupy themselves
24040	largely with soothsaying as well, making predictions
24041	about future events, and in some cases by purifica
24042	tions, in others by sacrifices, and in others by some
24043	other charms they attem pt to effect the averting of
24044	evil things and the fulfilment of the good. They are
24045	BOOK II. 28. 5-29. 3
24046	445
p. 249
24047	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24048	S’
24049	e x o v c n
24050	к а л
24051	тт)Ч
24052	S i a
24053	t w v
24054	o iw v w v
24055	p a v T iK r )ч,
24056	e v v T v i w v те /ссй тe p a T w v el;r)yr)crei4 а т о ф а ь р о р т а ь .
24057	o v k а а о ф ь к ; S e T o i o v v T a i к а л т а T e p i T tjv le p o -
24058	(T K O iria v акро> ч e T n v y x d v e i v v o p i & v те? . 1
24059	T rjv S e tovtwv p a d r i a i v a T a v T w v o i l x o p o i a v
24060	T o i o v v T a i
24061	то1ч
24062	та,
24063	T O ia v т
24064	e T i T y S e v o v a i
24065	twv
24066	4 'E X X r jv w v .
24067	т а р а
24068	p e v y a p
24069	то1ч
24070	X a X S a i o i 4
24071	ё к
24072	y e v o V 4 Tj
24073	tovtwv ф ё Х о а о ф Х а
24074	T a p a S e S o T a i ,
24075	к а л
24076	т а1ч
24077	т а р а
24078	т а т р о ч
24079	SiaSe^erai,
24080	twv
24081	d X X w v
24082	X e n o v p y i w v T a c r w v d iT o X e X v p e v o 4 -
24083	St о к а л y o v e l f
24084	’¿ х о ут еч S i S a a / c d \ o v 4 a p a p e v а ф в о р ю ч а т а р т а
24085	p a v O a v o v c n v ,
24086	a p a
24087	S e
24088	rot?
24089	T a p a y y e X X o p e v o i4
24090	T p o c r e x o v a i
24091	титтехюртеч
24092	/З е /З а ю т е р о р .
24093	е т е п '
24094	е Ь в ь ч е к
24095	t u LSwv <tvvtр е ф о р е р о ь то1ч р а в г / p a a i
24096	p e y d X r jv e%t,p т ерьт ою И рт ас S i d те то тг)ч рХикХач
24097	e v S lb a K T o v к а л S ia то т Х г/в о ч т o v т р о а к а р т е р о р -
24098	p e v o v x p o v o v .
24099	6
24100	П а р а
24101	S e
24102	то1ч " E X X ’ij a i v
24103	о
24104	т о Х Х о 1 ч
24105	а т а р а -
24106	c rK evw 4 2
24107	т р о а ш р
24108	ол/re
24109	т от е
24110	тг)ч
24111	ф С Х о а о ф ьа ч
24112	ат т ет ас, к а л p i-X P 1 T lv 0 4 ф Р Х о т о р р а а ч а т г /Х в е
24113	т е р ю -т а о в ё ь ч
24114	in то
24115	/З ш т с к р ч
24116	Х Р € 'м ч '
24117	o X iy o i Se
24118	T iv e 4
24119	ет1
24120	ф ё Х о а о ф ь а р
24121	а т о В о р т еч
24122	е р у о Х а /З с а ч
24123	е р е к е р
24124	т a p a p e v o v a i v e v
24125	t w р а в г ) р а т 1, к а ь р о т о -
24126	p o iiv T e 4 d e l т ер1
24127	t w v p e y i o T w v
24128	S o y p a T w v
24129	к а ь
24130	б то2ч т р о a i) T w v
24131	o v k а к о Х о р в о О р т е ч .
24132	T o i y a p o v v
24133	o i p e v /3 d p /3 a p o i В ш р е р о р т е ч ет ь t w v a v T w v d e l
24134	/3 e /3 a iw 4 ё к а а т а X a p /3 d v o v a i v , o i S ' r Е Х Х г)р е ч т o v
24135	1 vofiifavres D, V ogel: Bekker and Dindorf follow the
24136	Vulgate in reading vo/j-i^oprai, and think that some words
24137	have been lost after aai/puis be.
24138	2 noW ots curapa/TKevois V ogel: rrohvs anapaa/revos.
24139	446
24140	also skilled in soothsaying by the flight of birds, and
24141	they give out interpretations of both dreams and
24142	portents.
24143	They also show marked ability in making
24144	divinations from the observation of the entrails of
24145	animals, deeming th at in this branch they are
24146	em inently successful.
24147	The training which they receive in all these m atters
24148	is not the same as that of the Greeks who follow such
24149	practices.
24150	For among the Chaldaeans the scientific
24151	study of these subjects is passed down in the family,
24152	and son takes it over from father, being relieved of
24153	all other services in the state.
24154	Since, therefore, they
24155	have their parents for teachers, they not only are
24156	taught everything ungrudgingly but also at the same
24157	tim e they give heed to the precepts of their teachers
24158	with a more unwavering trust.
24159	Furtherm ore, since
24160	they are bred in these teachings from childhood up,
24161	they attain a great skill in them , both because of the
24162	ease with which youth is taught and because of the
24163	great amount of tim e which is devoted to this study.
24164	Among the Greeks, on the contrary, the student
24165	who takes up a large number of subjects without
24166	preparation turns to the higher studies only quite
24167	late, and then, after labouring upon them to some
24168	extent, gives them up, being distracted by the
24169	necessity of earning a livelihood; and but a few
24170	here and there really strip for the higher studies
24171	and continue in the pursuit of them as a profit
24172	making business, and these are always trying to make
24173	innovations in connection with the most im portant
24174	doctrines instead of following in the path of their
24175	predecessors.
24176	The result of this is th at the bar
24177	barians, by sticking to the same things always, keep
24178	a firm hold on every detail, while the Greeks, on
24179	BOOK II. 29. 3-6
24180	447
p. 250
24181	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24182	K a r a r r jv e p y o \ a / 3 i a v K e p B o v s a r o y ^ a ^ o p e v o i «airàç
24183	a lp é c r e is K r i'Ç n v o i, K a ï rr e p ï r o iv p e y i a r o i v d e o ip rj-
24184	p d r o i v d \ \ r , \ o i s à v r i B o ^ o v v r e s B iy ^o vo eîv r r o io v a i
24185	rov<s p a v d d v o v r a s K a ï r a s i j r v x a s a v r w v r r \ a v â -
24186	a d a i , r o v r r d v r a fiL o v è v a lo ip a y i v o p é v a s 1 K a ï
24187	p r/B è v oXtuç m c r r e v c r a i B v v a p é v a s /3 e /3 a io is• r a s
24188	y o v v è m i f i a v e c r r d r a s a t p e a e i s r o iv (f>i\oa6<f>a>v e ï n s
24189	a K p iftS is è ^ e r d Ç o i, r fk e îc r r o v o a o v evp rjcrei B ia ifie-
24190	p o v c r a s ¿XXr/Xcoi' K a ï rr e p ï r o iv p e y i a r a i v B o ^ S iv
24191	è v a v r l a B o ^ a 'Ç o v a a s .
24192	30.
24193	0 1 B’ ovv ILaXBaioi rijv pev rov Kocrpov
24194	cfivaiv diBiov (fiaaiv elvai Kaï pr/re e^ dp^rjs
24195	yéveaiv ¿a'xr/Kevai pi]0' vcrrepov (fcâopàv èm-
24196	Bé^eaffai, rrjv Bè rwv bXoïv rdÇiv re Kaï BiaKo-
24197	appaiv delà nvï rrpovoLa yeyovévai, Kaï vvv eKaara
24198	rûv èv ovpavôi yivopevaiv ov% dis érv^ev ovS'
24199	avro parois
24200	àXX’
24201	oipicrpévy nvï Kaï
24202	/3e/3 aiois
24203	2 K £ K v p o ip é v tj d e ô iv
24204	Kplcrei a v v r e X e î c r d a i .
24205	r o i v B'
24206	â a r p o i v r r o X v ^ p o v i o v s r r a p a r r jp r jc r e is r r e r ro irjp e v o i,
24207	K a ï r d s e K a c r r o v K ivijcreis r e K a ï B v v d p e i s a K p i f i é -
24208	c r r a r a
24209	r r d v r o i v
24210	d v d p d ir r o iv
24211	è r r e y v a iK o r e s , r r o W à
24212	r ô i v
24213	p e W à v r o i v
24214	a v p f î a i v e i v
24215	r r p o X e y o v c r i
24216	r o î s
24217	3 dvOpdirrois.
24218	peylarijv B é 2 ifiaaiv elvai deoiplav
24219	Kaï Bvvapiv rrepï rods rrévre ciarépas rods rrXdvr)-
24220	ras KaXovpévovs, ods eKeîvoi KOivjj pev epptjveîs
24221	ovopdÇovaiv, IB la Bè rov vrro roiv E XXrjvoiv Kpovov
24222	ovopaÇbpevov, imcfiavéararov Bè Kaï rfkelara Kaï
24223	1 yivoucyas Coraës : yevofifvas*
24224	2 5e Dindorf : r«.
24225	1 i.e. to mankind of the will of the gods, as explained
24226	below,
24227	2 Saturn.
24228	448
24229	the other hand, aiming at the profit to be made out
24230	of the business, keep founding new schools and,
24231	wrangling with each other over the most important
24232	m atters of speculation, bring it about th at their
24233	pupils hold conflicting views, and th at their minds,
24234	vacillating throughout their lives and unable to be
24235	lieve anything at all with firm conviction, simply
24236	wander in confusion.
24237	It is at any rate true that, if
24238	a man were to examine carefully the most famous
24239	schools of the philosophers, he would find them differ
24240	ing from one another to the utterm ost degree and
24241	maintaining opposite opinions regarding the most
24242	fundamental tenets.
24243	30.
24244	Now, as the Chaldaeans say, the world is by its
24245	nature eternal, and neither had a first beginning nor
24246	will at a later tim e suffer destruction; furthermore,
24247	both the disposition and the orderly arrangem ent of
24248	the universe have come about by virtue of a divine
24249	providence, and to-day whatever takes place in the
24250	heavens is in every instance brought to pass, not at
24251	haphazard nor by virtue of any spontaneous action,
24252	but by some fixed and firmly determ ined divine
24253	decision.
24254	And since they have observed the stars
24255	over a long period of tim e and have noted both the
24256	movements and the influences of each of them with
24257	greater precision than any other men, they foretell
24258	to mankind many things that will take place in the
24259	future.
24260	But above all in importance, they say, is the
24261	study of the influence of the five stars known as
24262	planets, which they call “ Interpreters ” 1 when
24263	speaking of them as a group, but if referring to them
24264	singly, the one named Cronus 2 by the Greeks, which
24265	is the most conspicuous and presages more events and
24266	such as are of greater importance than the others,
24267	BOOK II. 29. 6-30. 3
24268	449
p. 251
24269	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24270	р е у т т а ттрострp a i v o v T a , K a X o v a iv TD uoir тоОч
24271	B' a X X o v q теттарач о р о ш ч то1ч tr a p tjp .iv асттро-
24272	X o y o i 4 o v o p d ^ o v c n v , " А р е о ч , ’Аф роВ Х т рч, 'Е p p o v ,
24273	4 А ю ч .
24274	B id
24275	t o v t o В' аОтоОч е р р р р е с ч
24276	к а Х о О с п р ,
24277	o t i
24278	тшр
24279	а Х Х ш р
24280	асттершр
24281	аттХаршр
24282	o v r w v
24283	te a X
24284	т е т а у р е р р ir o p e ia p L a v ттерсфорар ¿% о р т ш р o v t o i
24285	p o v o i
24286	T ropeL av
24287	I B ia v
24288	ir o io v p e v o i
24289	т а
24290	р е Х Х о р т а
24291	y L v e c rd a i B e u c v v o v c n v , ер р р р еО о р т еч тосч а р в р ш -
24292	7rot? T tjv т ш р в е ш р e v v o i a v .1
24293	т а p e v y a p B id трч
24294	а р а т о Х р ч , та Be B id трч ВОстешч, T iv a Be B id трч
24295	Х р о а ч 7гp o c r p p a L v e iv фастХр аОтоОч тоОч 7r p o c r e ^ e iv
24296	б а к р с/З ш ч /Зо о Х р весст г
24297	7готе p e v y a p 7т реорат ш р
24298	р е у е в р B tjX o v v аи т ои ч, п от е Be о р /З р ш р г) к а о р а -
24299	т ш р ит гер/ЗоХач, естт1 Be оте к о р р т ш р асттершр
24300	¿тптоХач, e T i Be p X lo v те каХ стеХрррч ¿ K X ei\frei4 ,
24301	каХ а е ш р о О ч , каХ то c r v v o X o v 7тастач тач ¿к тоО
24302	7тер1 ехоР т оч у е р р с о р е р а ч т гер ю т а а еь ч ш ф е Х с р о о ч
24303	те
24304	каХ
24305	¡З Х а (З е р а ч o v p o v o v еврестср р г тоттосч,
24306	d X X d каХ f i a a i X e v c n ка Х тосч t v ^ o vc tip ¿В ш т асч.
24307	6
24308	'Т 7Г0 Be т рр tovtcop ф о р а р X e y o v c r i т е т а у в а 1
24309	T p i d /сорта
24310	а а т е р а ч ,
24311	оЬч
24312	i r p o c r a y o p e v o v c n
24313	f t o v -
24314	ХаХ ооч в е о б ч • tovtcop Be тоОч p e v рр'сстесч тоОч
24315	Оттер у p v тотгоуч е ф о р а р , тоОч В
24316	ррсстесч тоОч3
24317	Отто т рр у р р , т а к а т
24318	а р дрш т гооч етпеткоттоуртач
24319	а р а каХ т а к а т а т о р o v p a p o v a v p j S a i v o v T a ’ B ia
24320	В' р р е р ш р В е к а
24321	ттерттеавас
24322	т ш р p e v а.рш
24323	ттроч
24324	тоОч кат ш каватт ер a y y e X o v e v a тсор асттершр,
24325	1 evvoiav Diildorf : eivoiav.
24326	2 Tf Vogel, following C D F ; na't Bekker and Diildorf,
24327	following the other MSS.
24328	3 tovs added by Reiske.
24329	1 Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter.
24330	450
24331	BOOK II. 30. 3-6
24332	they call the star o f Helius, whereas the other four
24333	they designate as the stars of Ares, Aphrodite,
24334	Hermes, and Zeus,1 as do our astrologers. The reason
24335	why they call them “ Interpreters ” is that whereas
24336	all the other stars are fixed and follow a single circuit
24337	in a regular course, these alone, by virtue o f following
24338	each its own course, point out future events, thus
24339	interpreting to mankind the design of the gods.
24340	For
24341	sometimes by their risings, sometimes by their set
24342	tings, and again by their colour, the Chaldaeans say,
24343	they give signs of coming events to such as are
24344	willing to observe them closely; for at one time
24345	they show forth mighty storms o f winds, at another
24346	excessive rains or heat, at times the appearance of
24347	comets, also eclipses o f both sun and moon, and
24348	earthquakes, and in a word all the conditions which
24349	owe their origin to the atmosphere and work both
24350	benefits and harm, not only to whole peoples or
24351	regions, but also to kings and to persons of private
24352	station.
24353	Under the course in which these planets move are
24354	situated, according to them, thirty stars,2 which they
24355	designate as “ counselling gods ” ; of these one half
24356	oversee the regions above the earth and the other
24357	half those beneath the earth, having under their
24358	purview the affairs of mankind and likewise those of
24359	the heavens; and every ten days one of the stars
24360	above is sent as a messenger, so to speak, to the stars
24361	2 According to Bouche-Leclercq, L ’A strologie Grecque, p.
24362	43, n. 4, Diodorus has confused here two distinct systems,
24363	that of the thirty-six stars known as decans, which Baby
24364	lonian astrology designated as rulers of ten degrees in each
24365	zodiac, and that of the thirty stars which the Egyptians be
24366	lieved to be gods, each of whom presided over one of the
24367	thirty days of the month.
24368	451
p. 252
24369	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24370	t w v B’ in to y r jv ir p b s T o y ? a vco i r a X i v op,oico? e v a ,
24371	Kal ravrr)v e% eiv a u T o u ? cfio p a v ¿>ptcrpevT)v K a l
24372	7 TrepioBco K e K v p c o p e v p v alco vicp .
24373	tcov Oecdv Be t o v -
24374	tcov /c v p lo v i e lv a L c fia a i S w S e /c a r o v d p i f f p o v , toy
24375	e/cdtTTrp p r /v a /ecu, tcov BcoBe/ca X e y o p e v c o v ¡¿coBicov
24376	e v ir p o a v e p o v c n .
24377	B id Be t o v t c o v cf/acrl n o i e l a Q a i
24378	t t)v rr o p e ia v
24379	t o v r e rfX io v /c a l r r \v creX r/vrjv /ca l
24380	7r e v r e T o y ? T rX d v p ra c ; a < rT ep a ?, r o v p e v r jX io v t o p
24381	iB io v k v k X o v e v e v t a v r a T e X o d v r o t, ttj? Be creX-p-
24382	vrjs e v p r jv l tt]V I B ia v ire p io B o v B ia ir o p e v o p e v r i'i.
24383	31.
24384	Tajy Be irX a v rjT W v
24385	IB io v
24386	e / c a a r o v 1 2 e ^ e i v
24387	B p o p o v /cal B ir jX X a y a e v e o s /cal ttol/clX ok; ^ p r j a O a i
24388	t o Is r d y ^ e a i /cal rfj rd>v %povcov B i a i p e a e i . i r X e i a r a
24389	Be 7r p o ?
24390	T a ? yeve<rei<;
24391	tcov d v d p d n r c o v
24392	c r v p f i d X -
24393	X e crO a i
24394	t o v t o v s
24395	t o v s
24396	a c n e p a c ;
24397	d y a d d
24398	T€
24399	/c a l
24400	/c a / c a • B id Be rr)<; t o v t c o v (£ycred>? Te K a l 0ecopia<;
24401	p d X i a T a yivco tT K eiv td c r v p f i a i v o v r a t o i? d v d p c b -
24402	2 7roi?.
24403	T reT roirjcrdai Be c j/a a i
24404	T T p o p p p a e K
24405	aXXoi<;
24406	Te fiacnXevcuv o v/c o X i y oi? «a l tm KaTaTToXeprj-
24407	a a v T i A a p e i o v
24408	A X e ^ a v B p c o Kal t o i? peTa TavTa
24409	f i a a i X e v a a a i v
24410	A v r iy o v c o
24411	t€ Kal SekeuKio
24412	t&
24413	N i/e u T o p i, e v a rr a c r i Be r o i 1; p r jO e la iv e v a T o ^ r } -
24414	Kevai Bo k o v c j iv
24415	I tre p cbv ¡ ¡ p e ls 2 Ta Kara pepo?
24416	3 ev
24417	o iK e io T e p o ii
24418	a v a y p d ^ r o p e v
24419	K a ip o b r.
24420	ir p o X e -
24421	y o v o i Be K a l t o i ? iS ico T a t? T a p e X X o v T a a v p f i a l -
24422	v e iv
24423	OVTCO'r
24424	e v a T o y w ^
24425	w e n e
24426	t o v s
24427	tTe ip a O e v T a s
24428	O a v p a ^ e iv to y i v o p e v o v K a l p e i f y v fj « s t ’ d v d p c o -
24429	7r o v -/¡yeicrO ai.
24430	4
24431	M eTa
24432	Be
24433	t o v
24434	ftp B ia K o v
24435	k v k X o v
24436	e iK o c n Kal
24437	1 XBiov
24438	'¿krotov Vogel: tKutVTop ISiov Vulgate, Bekker,
24439	Dindorf.
24440	452
24441	BOOK II. 30. 6-31. 4
24442	below, and again in like manner one of the stars
24443	below the earth to those above, and this movement of
24444	theirs is fixed and determined by means of an orbit
24445	which is unchanging for ever.
24446	Twelve of these gods,
24447	they say, hold chief authority, and to each of these
24448	the Chaldaeans assign a month and one of the signs
24449	of the zodiac, as they are called.
24450	And through the
24451	midst of these signs, they say, both the sun and
24452	moon and the five planets make their course, the
24453	sun completing his cycle in a year and the moon
24454	traversing her circuit in a month.
24455	31.
24456	Each of the planets, according to them , has its
24457	own particular course, and its velocities and periods
24458	of tim e are subject to change and variation.
24459	These
24460	stars it is which exert the greatest influence for both
24461	good and evil upon the nativity of m en ; and it is
24462	chiefly from the nature of these planets and the
24463	study of them th a t they know what is in store for
24464	mankind.
24465	And they have made predictions, they
24466	say, not only to numerous other kings, b u t also to
24467	Alexander, who defeated Darius, and to Antigonus
24468	and Seleucus Nicator who afterwards became kings,
24469	and in all their prophecies they are thought to have
24470	hit the truth.
24471	But of these things we shall write in
24472	detail on a more appropriate occasion.1
24473	Moreover,
24474	they also foretell to men in private station what will
24475	befall them , and with such accuracy th at those who
24476	have made trial of them marvel at the feat and believe
24477	th a t it transcends the power of man.
24478	Beyond the circle of the zodiac they designate
24479	1 For prophecies to Alexander cp. Book 17. 112, and to
24480	Antigonus, Book 19. 55.
24481	2 rj/iois Vogel: omitted by Vulgate, Bekker, Dindorf.
24482	453
p. 253
24483	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24484	теттарач^
24485	а ф о р ' ^ о о а ю
24486	а а т е р а ч ,
24487	шр roi)ę
24488	р ё р
24489	p p i a e i 4 ¿v j o k f t o p e i o K p e p e a i , тоич 8 ' p p i a e i 4
24490	ер том ротюсч т е т а х в с и ф а а ё , к с й тоутшv той?
24491	p-ev о р ш р е р о и ч тшр %шртшр e l v a i к а т а р о в p o v a i ,
24492	тоо? 8 ' а ф а р е ё ч том т ет еХеит ркбас т гроаш рьават
24493	p o p i ^ o v a i p , ' оуч 8 т к а а т а ч
24494	тшр
24495	о Х ш р
24496	ттроаауо-
24497	5 p e v o y a L P .
24498	07го
24499	ттарта
24500	8 ё
24501	т а
24502	Trpoei.ppp.ep а
24503	т рр
24504	а е Х р р р р ф е р е а в а 1 X e y o v a i p , ё у у с а т а р ё р тг}? y rję
24505	ооа-ао 8 м т рр $ а р \> т р т а , 8 м т т о р е у о р ё р р р 8 ’ ер
24506	¿ Х а л а т а ) ХРОРш то р ё а у т р ч 8 р 6 р о р , оо 8 ia т рр
24507	о ^ у т р т а т рч ф о р а ч ,
24508	а Х Х а 8 i a
24509	т рр
24510	/З р а х у т р т а
24511	6 тоо к у к Х о у .
24512	от1 8 е то фш ч а Х Х о т р ю р e^ei к a i
24513	8 loti та? е к Х е ё ф г е к ттте1 т а 1 8 м то а к ё а а р а трч
24514	у р ч тгараттХраt a Х ё у о v a i т о м "ЕХХ^оч.
24515	7тер \ 8 ё
24516	трч
24517	к а т а
24518	тор р Х ю р
24519	е к Х е 1 ф е ш ч
24520	а а в е р е а т а т а ч
24521	атто8 е ’ф е 1 Ч ф ёрорт еч о у т о Х р ш аt тгр о Х е у е ю оу8’
24522	а к р ф ш ч оттёр т аут рч ттер1у р а ф е 1 Р 1 тоич х Р о р о у ч.
24523	7 ттерХ 8 ё т рч у р ч 1 8 ш т а т а ч ат т оф ааесч т т ою орт ар
24524	Х е у о р т е ч ут т а р х е м а у т р р а к а ф о е ф р к а \ к о ’СХрр,
24525	к а 1 тгоХХач^ к а \ т п в а р а ч
24526	ат т о8е^ет ч
24527	e v T ro p o v a t,
24528	ir e p i те т а ут р ч K a i ттерь тшр а Х Х ш р тшр к а т а
24529	тор к о а р о р • ' оттёр шр т а
24530	к а т а р е р о ч
24531	S ie ^ ie p a i
24532	т рч ут т окесреррч к т т о р м ч а Х Х о т р ю р e lp a i рор.1-
24533	8 frpep.
24534	tovto peproi у е 8 ш /3 е @ а ш а а 1 т
24535	а р тм
24536	ттроаркортшч
24537	otl
24538	X.aX8aloi
24539	р б у с а т р р
24540	e^ip
24541	¿р
24542	а а т р о Х о у ё а тшр аттартшр арврш т гш р '¿ x o v a i к а 1
24543	8 сот1
24544	7тХеьатрр ет преХет ар
24545	ет госраарт о
24546	т аут рч
24547	9 трч в е ш р м ч .
24548	ттерс 8 е тоо ттХрвооч тшр етшр, ер
24549	о 1ч ф а с п т рр в е ш р ё а р тшр к а т а тор к о а р о р тте-
24550	ттощават то а о а т р р а тшр К а Х 8а ш р , о о к а р тм
24551	р а 8ш ч т п а т е о а е ю р • етшр у а р еттта к а \ теттара-
24552	к о р т а р у р 1 а 8 а ч к а \ трем етг\ тао там 'у С Х м 8 а ч
24553	454
24554	BOOK II. 31. 4-9
24555	twenty-four other stars, of which one half, they
24556	say, are situated in the northern parts and one half
24557	in the southern, and of these those which are
24558	visible they assign to the world of the living, while
24559	those which are invisible they regard as being
24560	adjacent to the dead, and so they call them
24561	“ Judges of the
24562	Universe.”
24563	And under all the
24564	stars hitherto mentioned the moon, according to
24565	them , takes her way, being nearest the earth because
24566	of her weight and completing her course in a very
24567	brief period of tim e, not by reason of her great
24568	velocity, but because her orbit is so short. They also
24569	agree with the Greeks in saying th a t her light is
24570	reflected and th at her eclipses are due to the shadow
24571	of the earth.
24572	Regarding the eclipse of the sun,
24573	however, they offer the weakest kind of explanation,
24574	and do not presume to predict it or to define the times
24575	of its occurrence with any precision.
24576	Again, in
24577	connection with the earth they make assertions
24578	entirely peculiar to themselves, saying th at it is
24579	shaped like a boat and hollow, and they offer many
24580	plausible argum ents about both the earth and ail
24581	other bodies in the firmament, a full discussion of
24582	which we feel would be alien to our history.
24583	This
24584	point, however, a man may fittingly m aintain, that
24585	the Chaldaeans have of all men the greatest grasp of
24586	astrology, and that they have bestowed the greatest
24587	diligence upon the study of it.
24588	But as to the number
24589	of years which, according to their statem ents, the
24590	order of the Chaldaeans has spent on the study of
24591	the bodies of the universe, a man can scarcely
24592	believe th e m ; for they reckon th at, down to
24593	1 TTff>iypd<pfiv Wesseling : тгараурафиу.
24594	455
p. 254
24595	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24596	« 9
24597	tt;d
24598	AXeijdvSpou hid/3aoip yeyovevai tcar-
24599	apiOpoucnp, dtp
24600	otov to 7raXaiov yp^avro to>p
24601	acnpaip t ¿ 9 7raparf;pijcm 9 iroieladai.
24602	10
24603	K at 7repl pep X a X h a i a>v dpicecrOyaopeBa tois
24604	ppOelaiv, iva pp pcucpoTepov dnonAapcopeda t i /9
24605	ol/ceia9 ioTopiai1 irepl he Tys ’A cravpicop /3a.cn-
24606	\e1a 9 ft) 9 vito
24607	MiJSft)l) icaTeXvdrj npoeiprjKuTe9
24608	eirdvipev odev e£e/3rjpep.
24609	32.
24610	’E7T6t ¿6 hiapon’ovaiv ol iraAaioTaTOi toip
24611	(Tvyypapecop
24612	7repi
24613	tt}9 peyi<TTii<;
24614	tcpp
24615	Xirjhcop
24616	■/¡yepovia,'r,
24617	oi/celo v
24618	elvat,
24619	hiaXap/3dpopeP
24620	t o / 9
24621	piAaXr)dco<; tck; irpa^eis laTopelv ¡BovAopepoa tt)v
24622	hiapopav
24623	t w
24624	laTopioypdpcov
24625	Trap’
24626	aXAr/Xa
24627	2 Qelvai.
24628	'H/oo£oto9 ^ez) oun .vara ’S.ep^yp yeyopco<;
24629	Tot9 ^/)oro£9 cpyalp ’ A.aavptov<; ¿V)/ irevTaKoaia
24630	■npoTepov T779 A <710.9 ap/javro9 vtto Alphcav KaTa-
24631	Xvdtjpai, enena ¡3aaiAea peev pyheva yeveaOat
24632	top cifipia/3yT /¡aopTa
24633	t cop
24634	oXcop em rroAAds
24635	yeved<;, Ta9 8 e 77-o\ei9 /raS’ eavTa9 TaTTopepas
24636	BioiKeladai
24637	hypoKpaTiK &>9-
24638	to
24639	8e
24640	TeAevTalop
24641	ttoXXcop eTcoP hceAdovTcop
24642	atpeOypai /3acnAea
24643	irapa toI<; M?;Bot9 avhpa hucaioavpp Sidpopov,
24644	3 opopa Kva^dpr/p.
24645	tovtop he irpu>TOP eTTiyeipr)a<u
24646	irpoadyeaQat, tov<; TrXyaio^copovt;, /cal topt M ?j8o£9
24647	apxvyop yepeadai
24648	T99
24649	Torn
24650	oXcop yyepoplas’
24651	eireiT a
24652	tops e icyo vo v 9
24653	a e l
24654	irp o a K a T a icT ca p evo vi
24655	TroXXpp Trjs opopov XwPa 9 av^fjcrai Tpp fiacn-
24656	Xetan p^ X P1
24657	A a T v u y o v s tov K aT airoA epyO evT O 9
24658	1 King of Persia, 486-464 B.c.; Herodotus was born in the
24659	decade 490-80 B.c.
24660	The passage is Herodotus 1. 95 ff., where,
24661	however, the years are given as five hundred and twenty.
24662	456
24663	Alexander’s crossing over into Asia, it has been four 334 b .c .
24664	hundred and seventy-three thousand years, since
24665	they began in early times to make their observations
24666	of the stars.
24667	So far as the Chaldaeans are concerned we shall be
24668	satisfied with what has been said, th at we may not
24669	wander too far from the m atter proper to our history ;
24670	and now that we have given an account of the destruc
24671	tion of the kingdom of the Assyrians by the Medes
24672	we shall return to the point at which we digressed.
24673	32.
24674	Since the earliest writers of history are at
24675	variance concerning the m ighty empire of the
24676	M edes, we feel th at it is incumbent upon those who
24677	would write the history of events with a love for truth
24678	to set forth side by side the different accounts of the
24679	historians.
24680	Now Herodotus, who lived in the tim e
24681	of X erxes,1 gives this account: A fter the Assyrians
24682	had ruled Asia for five hundred years they were con
24683	quered by the M edes, and thereafter no king arose <¡12 b .c .
24684	for many generations to lay claim to supreme power,
24685	but the city-states, enjoying a regimen of their own,
24686	were administered in a democratic fashion; finally,
24687	however, after many years a man distinguished for
24688	his justice, nam ed Cyaxares,2 was chosen king among
24689	the Medes. H e was the first to try to attach to himself
24690	the neighbouring peoples and became for the Medes
24691	the founder of their universal em pire; and after him
24692	his descendants extended the kingdom by continually
24693	adding a great deal of the adjoining country, until the
24694	reign of Astyages who was conquered by Cyrus and
24695	2 Herodotus mentions three kings, Deioces, Phraortes, and
24696	Cyaxares, before Astyages.
24697	The Cyaxares mentioned here
24698	by Diodorus is really the Deioces of Herodotus I. 96 ff., but
24699	Diodorus, in Book 8. 16, mentions a Deioces, “ the king of the
24700	Medes.”
24701	BOOK II. 31. 9-32. 3
24702	457
p. 255
24703	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24704	v i to K - iip o v к а і Н е р а ш ѵ .
24705	тгері w v v v v у р е і ч та
24706	к е ф а Х а і а т гроеірукоте*; та к а т а р е р о ч ѵ а т е р о ѵ
24707	а к р і 0 ш ч d v a y p d y j r o p e v , e i r e i S a v ітті тоѵч о ік е'ю ѵ ч
24708	Х р о ѵ о ѵ ч ¿ т гі/З а Х ш р е ѵ к а т а у а р то б еѵ т ер о ѵ ёточ
24709	туч ет т т ака& екат уч ’О Х ѵ р т п а 8 о ч у р е Ѳ у /ЗастіХеѵч
24710	ѵтго MrjStoi' К ѵ а ^ а р у ч к а Ѳ ' 'Нроботоѵ.
24711	4
24712	К т усгіач Se о К.ѵСВіоч тоіч р е ѵ Х Р ° Ѵ°ІЧ ѵттур^е
24713	к а т а т уѵ К ѵ р о ѵ а т р а т е іа ѵ етті ’А р т а ^ е р ^ у ѵ тоѵ
24714	а В е Х ф о ѵ , у е ѵ о р е ѵ о ч S
24715	а і х р а Х ю т о ч , к а і S i d туѵ
24716	і а т р і к у ѵ е т г іа т у р у ѵ а ѵ а Х у ф Ѳ е І ч ѵтго тоѵ /З а с г і-
24717	Хешч, ет т т акаіЬека ет у Ь іет еХ еа е т ір ш р е ѵ о ч ѵтт
24718	а ѵ т о ѵ .
24719	оѵточ
24720	оѵ ѵ
24721	ф у а і ѵ
24722	ек
24723	тшѵ
24724	¡ З а а і Х і к ш ѵ
24725	Ь іф Ѳ ерш ѵ , еѵ а і ч о і Т і е р а а і та? 7т а Х а іа ч тт ра^еіч
24726	к а т а т іѵа ѵ о р о ѵ е і ^ о ѵ а ѵ ѵ т е т а у р е ѵ а ч , ттоХѵттрау-
24727	р о ѵ у а а і та к а Ѳ ' ёкасгт оѵ к а і а ѵ ѵ т а ^ а р е ѵ о ч 1 туѵ
24728	5 і а т о р і а ѵ еіч тоѵч " Е Х Х у ѵ а ч
24729	е ^ е ѵ е у к е і ѵ .
24730	ф у а і ѵ
24731	о5ѵ р е т а т уѵ к а т а Х ѵ а і ѵ т уч ’Аега ѵ р ш ѵ у у е р о ѵ і а ч
24732	М?;£ои? т т роатуѵаі туч ’А а і а ч ’А р / З а к о ѵ / З а а і -
24733	Хеѵоѵт оч тоѵ 2 a p S a v d n a X X o v к а т а т г о Х е р у а а ѵ т о ч ,
24734	6 каѲ от і т т роеірут аі,
24735	т оѵт оѵ S ’ а р ^ а ѵ т о ч '¿т у Svcl
24736	ХеСттоѵта т ш ѵ т р іа к о ѵ т а S i a S e ^ a a P a i т уѵ ¡З а а і -
24737	X e L a v т оѵ ѵ іо ѵ М а ѵ Ь а к у ѵ , о ѵ а р ^ а і т уч
24738	А а і а ч
24739	ёт у ттеѵтукоѵта,
24740	р е т а S e т оѵт оѵ т р іа к о ѵ т а р е ѵ
24741	ёт у
24742	/ З а а і Х е ѵ а а і
24743	2 ш а а р р о ѵ ,
24744	ттеѵтукоѵта
24745	S e
24746	’А р т ѵ к а ѵ ,
24747	S v o
24748	S e
24749	ттроч
24750	т оіч
24751	е ік о а і тоѵ
24752	ттроа-
24753	а у о р е ѵ о р е ѵ о ѵ ’A p f i i d v y v , т ет т аракоѵт а
24754	Ье ’А р -
24755	т а іо ѵ.
24756	33. ’Е 7ГІ 8е тоѵтоѵ а ѵ а т у ѵ а і р е у а ѵ ттоХероѵ
24757	1 <xwTa£dfX€vos Gemistus : (гѵѵта£аyevov.
24758	1 Herodotus puts the accession of Deioces (the Cyaxares of
24759	Diodorus) in 699 b .c . (cp. How and Wells, A Commentary on
24760	H ero d o tu s, 1. pp. 383 ff.), if the defeat of Astyages by Cyrus
24761	458
24762	the Persians.
24763	We have for the present given only the 549 b .c .
24764	most important of these events in summary and shall
24765	later give a detailed account of them one by one
24766	when we come to the periods in which they fall; for
24767	it was in the second year of the Seventeenth Olympiad,
24768	according to Herodotus, that Cyaxares was chosen 711-10
24769	king by the Medes.1
24770	B'°‘
24771	Ctesias of Cnidus, on the other hand, lived during
24772	the time when Cyrus 2 made his expedition against 401 b.c.
24773	Artaxerxes his brother, and having been made
24774	prisoner and then retained by Artaxerxes because of
24775	his medical knowledge, he enjoyed a position of
24776	honour with him for seventeen years.3
24777	Now Ctesias
24778	says that from the royal records, in which the Per
24779	sians in accordance with a certain law of theirs kept
24780	an account of their ancient affairs, he carefully in
24781	vestigated the facts about each king, and when he
24782	had composed his history he published it to the
24783	Greeks.
24784	This, then, is his account: After the de
24785	struction of the Assyrian F.mpire the Medes were the
24786	chief power in Asia under their king Arbaces, who
24787	conquered Sardanapallus, as has been told before.4
24788	And when he had reigned twenty-eight years his
24789	son Maudaces succeeded to the throne and reigned
24790	over Asia fifty years.
24791	After him Sosarmus ruled for
24792	thirty years, Artycas for fifty, the king known as
24793	Arbianes for twenty-two, and Artaeus for forty years.
24794	33. During the reign of Artaeus a great war broke
24795	occurred in 549 B.c. (cp. T h e Cambridge A n cien t H istory, 4.
24796	p. 7) and not, as formerly held, in 550.
24797	2 Cyrus the Younger, the story of whose struggle with his
24798	brother for the throne is told in the Anabasis of Xenophon.
24799	3 According to Plutarch (A rtaxerxes, 11 ff.), Ctesias was
24800	already in the king’s retinue at the time.
24801	4 Cp. chaps. 23 ff.
24802	BOOK II. 33. 3-33. I
24803	459
p. 256
24804	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24805	TOi?
24806	7T/90?
24807	Kahovalov<; hid
24808	Toiauras
24809	airias. IIapawvhpv t o v Uepapv, Oavpa'Qopevov in
24810	dvhpeia /cal avveaei /cal ral<; aXXai<; aperat?, cfiiXov
24811	re vndp^ai tco j3aaiXei /cal peyicnov layvaai to) v
24812	2 p e T e x o v r a /v t o v f t a a i X u c o v a v v e h p i o v .
24813	t o v t o v h '
24814	v i to t o v /?aorXe&)? e v t i v i /c p ia e i X v n p O e v T a c f/v y e iv
24815	p e T a n e ^ to v p e v T p i a x i X i w v , iT T n e w v h e ^tXito v ei?
24816	K a h o v a i o v s , T ra p ' ol<; p v i/chehopevo< ; T p v I h ia v
24817	a h e X c p p v t o > p a X i a T a h w a c T e v o v T i K a r a t o v t o v ?
24818	3 tou? t o t t o v ?.
24819	y e v o p e v o v S’ a n o a T a T p v /c a l n e i -
24820	a a v r a
24821	t o a v p n a v e d v o ? d v T e x e a d a i Trj? e X e v -
24822	d e p la ? , a ip e O p v a i a T p a T p y o v S ia T p v d v h p e ia v .
24823	e n e n a
24824	n v v d a v o p e v o v
24825	d B p o i^ o p e v p v
24826	i n '
24827	a i/T o v
24828	p e y a X p v h v v a p i v , / c a B o n X i a a l
24829	t o v ? KaSovarov?
24830	n a v h p p e i , /ca l /c a T a a T p a T o n e h e v a a i n p o ? TaZ? ei?
24831	tp v x ^ ° P a v
24832	e ia j3 o X a l?
24833	'¿XovTO ~cov?
24834	a v p n a v T a ?
24835	4 o v k e X a T T O v ? e i/c o a i p v p id h c o v .
24836	t o v h e fia a iX e c D ?
24837	'A p r a i o v
24838	a T p a T e v a a v T O ?
24839	i n
24840	a i/T o v
24841	p v p i d a i v
24842	o y h o p /c o v T a p d x p /c p a T p a a i /cat. n X e io v ? p e v t S>v
24843	n e v T a /c ia p v p ic o v d ve X e Z v ,
24844	T p v S ' a X X p v h v v a p i v
24845	e/c/3aX eZ v
24846	i/c
24847	Trj?
24848	K a h o v a ic o v %a>pa?.
24849	h ib
24850	/ca l
24851	n a p a t o Z? iy x c o p io i? B a v p a ^ o p e v o v a ip e B p v a i Te
24852	/ 3 a a iX e a /c a l T p v M p h i a v a v v e x < b ? X e p X a T e Z v /c a l
24853	5 n d v T a T o n o v /ca T a c f)6 td p e iv .
24854	p e y d X p '>
24855	h e h o ^ p ?
24856	T v x o v T a , /c a l y p p a p e X X o v T a /c a T a a T p e fy e iv t o v
24857	¡3 L o v, d p a v B e a B a i n a p a a T p a d p e v o v t o v h / a h e x o -
24858	p e v o v
24859	T p v
24860	d p x p v , o n co ? p p h e n o T e h ia X v a c o v T a i
24861	t p v e x & p a v K a h o i / a i o i n p o ? Mphov?' el h e a v v -
24862	B o iv t o o p o X o y la ? , e^co X ei? y e v e a & a i t o v ? re a n o
24863	6 t o v y e v o v '> a i/T o v /ca l K aSoiW oo? a n a v T a ? .
24864	h ia
24865	h p T a i n a n to; a ’n i a ? ¿el n o X e p a c a i? i a x p / c e v a i
24866	KaSoutrtW? Trpo? M jjSoo?, /c a l
24867	p p h e n o T e
24868	t o Z?
24869	4 6 0
24870	out between the Medes and the Cadusii, for the
24871	following reasons.
24872	Parsondes, a Persian, a man
24873	renowned for his valour and intelligence and every
24874	other virtue, was both a friend of the king’s and the
24875	most influential of the members of the royal council.
24876	Feeling himself aggrieved by the king in a certain
24877	decision, he fled with three thousand foot-soldiers
24878	and a thousand horsemen to the Cadusii, to one of
24879	whom, the most influential man in those parts, he had
24880	given his sister in marriage.
24881	And now th at he had
24882	become a rebel, he persuaded the entire people to
24883	vindicate their freedom and was chosen general be
24884	cause of his valour. Then, learning th at a great force
24885	was being gathered against him, he armed the whole
24886	nation of the Cadusii and pitched his camp before the
24887	passes leading into the country, having a force of no
24888	iess than two hundred thousand men all told.
24889	And
24890	although the king Artaeus advanced against him
24891	with eight hundred thousand soldiers, Parsondes
24892	defeated him in battle and slew more than fifty
24893	thousand of his followers, and drove the rest of the
24894	army out of the country of the Cadusii.
24895	And for
24896	this exploit he was so adm ired by the people of the land
24897	that he was chosen king, and he plundered Media
24898	without ceasing and laid waste every district of the
24899	country.
24900	And after he had attained great fame and
24901	was about to die of old age, he called to his side his
24902	successor to the throne and required of him an oath
24903	th at the Cadusii should never put an end to their
24904	enm ity towards the M edes, adding th at, if peace
24905	were ever made with them , it m eant the destruction
24906	of his line and of the whole race of the Cadusii. These,
24907	then, w7ere the reasons why the Cadusii were always
24908	inveterate enemies of the Medes, and had never been
24909	BOOK II. 33. 1-6
24910	461
p. 257
24911	DIODORUS OF SICILY
24912	tovtwp ftaaiXevcnp virrjKoow;
24913	yeyovévai, p é ^ p i
24914	ov K vpo<; eiç T iepaaf peT ecn pae ttjp pyepopiap.
24915	3 4 .
24916	T w p
24917	ëè
24918	M pëwp
24919	f ia a iX e v a a i
24920	p e r à
24921	rpv
24922	A p r c u o v TeXevTrjp ’ApTvvr/v pèp sttj ëvo npo<;
24923	toÎç etKoai, ’A o T ifid p a p ëè T e jja p a K o v ia .
24924	ènl
24925	ëè tovtov Udpdov<; à n o a j a m a s M rçêcoy Z a K a K
24926	2 Tf)v T6 xw pav Kaï ttjp noXip èy^eipicrar ëiônep
24927	avmâvTO<; noXépov toîç 2d*aiç npos M t^Souç
24928	eV
24929	6T7] 7rXeiw yepéadai re p d ^ a s ovk oXÎya<;
24930	Kaï av)(pwp nap' ap(fioT6poi<i àpaipeôéptwp to
24931	reXevraîov elppprjp aïnou*; èn l toîaêe avv&éadai,
24932	Ildp^ouç peu vnb M?/3ouç rexdy6ai,
24933	twp ëè
24934	npovnapxovTcov 'exatepovç Kvpievaavras (piXovs
24935	eivai Kcà avppdxovt; dXXr/Xoïç eiç top ânapra
24936	Xpopop.
24937	3
24938	B aaiXevaai, ëè rore twp 2 a/coop yvpaîtca rd
24939	Kara 7ToXepop èÇrjXwKvîap Kaï ToXprj re Kaï
24940	npd^ei 7toX v ëiafiépovaap twp ip 'Zd/cap; yvpai-
24941	kwp, opopa Z apipap.
24942	/ca&oXov pèp ovp to èûpo'i
24943	tovto yvpal/cas àX/cipov<; e%eip Kaï Koipwpovaa<{
24944	tocç àpëpdai twp èp toîç noXépop; Kipëvpwp,
24945	TavTrjp ëè XéyeTai tw Te kdXXei yepéadai. naaw p
24946	eKnpenetjTdiTrjP1 Kaï t aïs ènif3oXaî<i Kaï toÎç
24947	4 « a r à pepos ey^eipppaai ûavpaaTtjp.
24948	twp pèp
24949	yap nXn)aioxwpwp fBapftdpwp
24950	toÙç ènrjppépovs
24951	TW dpdaei Kaï KaTaëovXovpepovs to edpo<; twp
24952	Z a/cwp KaTanoXeprjaai,
24953	ëè ^eôpaç noXXrjp
24954	è^p e p w a a i, Kaï noXeis ovk oXÎya<; KTÎcrai, Kaï
24955	to avvoXov evëaipopétJTepov tov (3Lov twp ôpo-
24956	5 edpwp novpaai.
24957	ëio Kaï t oùç ey^wpiovs peTa
24958	1 eKirp^-rvearar^y D, Vogel : evTrpiTrtar&Tqv Vulgate. Bekker.
24959	Dindorf.
24960	462
24961	BOOK II. 33. 6-34- 5
24962	subjected to the Median kings up to the tim e when
24963	Cyrus transferred the Empire of the Medes to the
24964	Persians.
24965	34. A fter the death of A rtaeus, Ctesias continues,
24966	Artynes ruled over the Medes for twenty-two years,
24967	and Astibaras for forty.
24968	During the reign of the
24969	latter the Parthians revolted from the M edes and
24970	entrusted both their country and their city to the
24971	hands of the Sacae.
24972	This led to a war between the
24973	Sacae and the Medes, which lasted many years, and
24974	after no small num ber of battles and the loss of many
24975	lives on both sides, they finally agreed to peace on
24976	the following term s, th at the Parthians should be
24977	subject to the M edes, but that both peoples should
24978	retain their former possessions and be friends and
24979	allies for ever.
24980	A t th at time the Sacae were ruled by a woman
24981	nam ed Zarina, who was devoted to warfare and was in
24982	daring and efficiency by far the foremost of the women
24983	of the Sacae.
24984	Now this people, in general, have
24985	courageous women who share with their husbands
24986	the dangers of war, but she, it is said, was the most
24987	conspicuous of them all for her beauty and rem ark
24988	able as well in respect to both her designs and w hat
24989	ever she undertook.
24990	For she subdued such of the
24991	neighbouring barbarian peoples as had become proud
24992	because of their boldness and were trying to enslave
24993	the people of the Sacae, and into much of her own
24994	realm she introduced civilized life, founded not a few
24995	cities, and, in a word, made the life of her people
24996	happier.
24997	Consequently her countrym en after her
24998	463
p. 258
24999	DIODORUS OF SICILY
25000	tt]v
25001	TeXevTTjv
25002	avT^<i X“Plv diroSiSovTat
25003	t w v
25004	evepyeacwv /cal t?}? aperrjt pvppovevovTa*; Tacpov
25005	oc/coBoprjcrai ttoX v t w v o vtw v Trap' ai/Toh virep-
25006	expvra' vTToaTTjaapevov; yap TrvpaplSa tplywvov
25007	Tpiwv pev cnaSiwv e/cdaTtjv trXevpav avt?}? Kara-
25008	cr/cevdaai to prj/co<;, to S’ v\jro<; m aSialov, els ogv
25009	avvrjypevrjs t % KOpv<firp?• ¿TTiaTpaai Be to> Tacpw
25010	/cai XPV!7VV et-Kova /coX o t t i/ct/v, Kai Tipds ¿¡pooi/cas
25011	dirovecpat, teal t aXXa irdvTa peyaXoirpeTremepa
25012	7roieiv t w v Toh wpoyovois avTrjs avyxwppOevt w v .
25013	6
25014	AcTTiftdpa Be tov ftaaiXew; twv
25015	ev
25016	E^jSaTaj/ot? y ppa
25017	t eXevTtj a avroi;
25018	ttjv dpxpv
25019	A ct7ravSav tov viov SiaBe^aaOai, tov into twv
25020	KXXtjvwv
25021	AtTTvdyrjv /caXovpevov.
25022	tovtov S’
25023	into K vpov tov Ylepaov KaTaTroXeprjdevTos peia-
25024	ireaelv Tpv fiaaiXeiav eh Tiepaas, irepl wv ppeh
25025	t a KaTCL pepo<; ev t oh iSloi<; xp°vol*> a/cpi/3w<;
25026	dva'/pa\jropev.
25027	7
25028	Ilept pev ovv t% ’AaavpLwv /cal M rjSwv /3aai-
25029	Xaa? /cal t% twv avyypacf>ewv Scacjiwvias i/cavw<;
25030	elppadai vopl^oaev irepl Be rij? ’IvSi/cr/1; /cal twv
25031	ev avry pvdoXoyov pevwv ev pepei Bie^ipev.
25032	464
25033	BOOK II. 34. 5-7
25034	death, in gratitude for her benefactions and in
25035	remembrance of her virtues, built her a tomb which
25036	was far the largest of any in their lan d ; for they
25037	erected a triangular pyramid, making the length of
25038	each side three stadcs and the height one stade, and
25039	bringing it to a point at the to p ; and on the tomb
25040	they also placed a colossal gilded statue of her and
25041	accorded her the honours belonging to heroes, and
25042	all the other honours they bestowed upon her were
25043	more magnificent than those which had fallen to the
25044	lot of her ancestors.
25045	W hen, Ctesias continues, Astibaras, the king of
25046	the M edes, died of old age in Ecbatana, his son
25047	Aspandas, whom the Greeks call Astyages, succeeded
25048	to the throne.
25049	And when he had been defeated by
25050	Cyrus the Persian, the kingdom passed to the Persians.
25051	Of them we shall give a detailed and exact account
25052	at the proper tim e.1
25053	Concerning the kingdoms of the Assyrians and of
25054	the Medes, and concerning the disagreem ent in the
25055	accounts of the historians, we consider that enough
25056	has been said; now we shall discuss India and then,
25057	in turn, recount the legends of that land.
25058	1 This was in the Ninth Book.
25059	465
p. 259
25060	A PARTIAL INDEX OF PROPER
25061	NAMES1
25062	ACHELOUS, 141
25063	Acherousia, 329 f.
25064	Accisanes, 207 f.
25065	Aegyptus, 53, 61 (bis), 215
25066	Aetus, 61
25067	Agamemnon, 423
25068	Agatharchides, 147 f.
25069	Agyrium, 19
25070	Alcaeus, 77
25071	AlcmenS, 77
25072	Alexander the Great, 15, 21, 83, 179,
25073	193, 291, 453, 457
25074	Alexandria, 179
25075	Amasis, 207, 231 L , 237 f., 323 f.
25076	Ammon, 47, 51, 163 f.
25077	Ammon, oracle, 397, 417
25078	Amosis, 223
25079	Anaxagoras, 29, 133, 137
25080	Antaeus, giant, 67
25081	Antaeus, governor of Egypt, 55
25082	Antaeus, village, 67
25083	Ajitigonus, 453
25084	Anubis, 57, 295 f.
25085	Aphrodite, 47, 57, 335, 359, 451
25086	Apis, 69, 239 ff.
25087	Apollo, 47, 57, 59, 83, 337 ff.
25088	Apollodorus, 21
25089	Apries, 235 f.
25090	Arabia, 63, 187, 351
25091	Arabia Felix, 51
25092	Arbaces, 429 ■passim, 459
25093	Arbi&nes, 459
25094	Archimedes, 115
25095	Areopagus, 259
25096	Ares, 451
25097	Argos, 79, 91
25098	Ari&eus, 351
25099	Annaeus, 223
25100	Armenia, 351 f.
25101	Arsinoe, 113
25102	Artaeus, 459 ff.
25103	Artaxerxes, 459
25104	Artycas, 459
25105	Artynes, 463
25106	Ascalon, 359
25107	Aspandas, 465
25108	Assyria, 349 possim
25109	Assyrian empire, 423, 429 fl., 445
25110	Astapus, 131
25111	Astibaras, 463, 405
25112	Asty, 91
25113	Astyages, 457 f., 465
25114	Athena, 43, 45, 55
25115	Athenaeus, 417 f.
25116	Athens, 91 passim
25117	Athyrtis, 189
25118	Attica, 63
25119	Babylon, in Egypt, 197
25120	Babylon, in Mesopotamia, 91, 351,
25121	371 ff., 383
25122	Babylonia, 387 possim
25123	Bactra, 365 ff., 401, 403, 417
25124	Bactriana, 363 ff.
25125	Bactriana, 169, 353 f., 363 ff.
25126	Bagistanus, 393
25127	Barathra, 99 f.
25128	Barcé, 237
25129	Barzanes, 353
25130	Belesys, 429 passim
25131	Belus, 91
25132	Bithynia, 355
25133	Bocchoris, 159, 224 f., 271, 321
25134	Bolgii, 131
25135	Borcanii, 355
25136	Bousiris, 293
25137	1 A complete Index will appear in the last volume.
25138	467
p. 260
25139	INDEX
25140	Bubastus, 89
25141	Busiris, governor of Egypt, 55
25142	Busiris, king of Egypt, 161, 235, 301
25143	Cadmus, Egyptian, 73 f.
25144	Cadmus, Greek writer, 127
25145	Cadusii, 355, 459 ff.
25146	Cambyses, 109, 115, 157, 165, 175,
25147	239, 325
25148	Canis Maior, 89
25149	Caria, 231, 355
25150	Carmanii, 355
25151	Caspian Gates, 355
25152	Caucasus Mountains, 149
25153	Cecrops, 93
25154	Celts, 21 (bis)
25155	Cephisus, 141
25156	Cephren, 219 f.
25157	Cerberus, 329
25158	Ceryces, 95
25159	Cetes, 213
25160	Chaldaeans, 91, 279, 445 passim
25161	Charon, 315, 331
25162	Chauon,393
25163	Chemmis, 215
25164	Chemmo, 57
25165	Choromnaei, 355
25166	Cleitarchus, 373
25167	Cocytus, 331
25168	Coele-Syria, 99, 101, 355
25169	Colchi, 91,193
25170	Cotta, 439
25171	Crocodilopoiis, 305
25172	Cronus, 47, 89
25173	Ctesias, 199, 353, 363 f., 371, 373
25174	(bis), 399, 405, 417, 423, 459
25175	Cyaxares, 457 f.
25176	Cyclades, 125,193
25177	Cyprus, 403
25178	Cyrene, 237
25179	Cyrus, the Great, 463, 465
25180	Cyrus, the Younger, 459
25181	Daedalus, 211, 327, 333
25182	Danaus, 91, 331
25183	Darius, the Great, 111 f., 205, 325,
25184	363
25185	Darius Codomannus, 453
25186	Delta, 101,113 f.
25187	Demeter, 43, 47, 49, 95, 327
25188	Demiurgi, 93
25189	Democritus, 137 f., 327, 335
25190	Derbici, 355
25191	Derceto, 359
25192	Deucalion, 37
25193	468
25194	Dionysius, 363 f.
25195	Dionysus, 39, 51, 71, 73 f., 87, 327 f.
25196	Diospolis. See Thebes
25197	Drangi, 355
25198	Ecbatana, 395 f.
25199	Egypt, 33-341 passim, 355
25200	Egyptus (the Nile), 61
25201	Egyptus, king of Egypt, 181
25202	Eleusis, 95
25203	Elis, 323
25204	Ephorus, 33, 127, 139 f.
25205	Erechtheus, 93, 95
25206	Ethiopia, 61, 109 f., 115, 133 passim,
25207	191 f., 397 e.
25208	Ethiopians (of Assyria), 423
25209	Eudoxus, 327, 337
25210	Eumolpidae, 95
25211	Eumolpus, 39
25212	Eupatrids, 93
25213	Euphrates, 387 f.
25214	Euripides, 29, 133, 137
25215	Galaemenes, 437
25216	Ganges, 193
25217	Ge Meter, 43
25218	Geomoroi, 93
25219	Gerousia, 259
25220	Glaucopis, 45
25221	Hades, 9, 317 f.
25222	Hecataeus, 167
25223	Hecate, 331
25224	Helen, of Troy, 333 f.
25225	Heliopolis, 201, 207, 259, 329
25226	Helius, Egyptian king and god, 47,
25227	83
25228	’
25229	Helius, name of planet, 451
25230	Hellanicus, 127
25231	Hephaestus, 41 f.,4 7 , 69, 189, 201
25232	Hera, 47, 336, 383
25233	Heracles, 11, 55, 61, 67, 75, 77, 79
25234	Hermes, 47, 53, 55, 157, 319, 329
25235	Hermes, name of planet, 451
25236	Herodes, 21
25237	Herodotus, 127, 131, 135 ff., 241, 399,
25238	457 f.
25239	Hestia, 47, 321
25240	Homer, 6, 39, 41, 43, 45, 61, 163, 239,
25241	327, 329, 333 passim
25242	Horus, 65, 81, 83, 157
25243	Hyapates, 361
25244	Hydaspes, river, 149
25245	Hydaspes, son of Semiramis, 361
25246	Hyrcanii, 355
p. 261
25247	INDEX
25248	Ia o ,321
25249	Ilium, 197, 213
25250	Inares, 223
25251	India, 63, 149, 401 passim
25252	Indus, 403, 415 f.
25253	lo , 79
25254	Ionia, 231
25255	Iop£, 101
25256	Isis, 37-51 passim,
25257	69-89 passim,
25258	157 f., 297, 301
25259	Isis, name of star, 89
25260	Ister, 89
25261	Julius Caesar, 21
25262	Lacedaemon, 21
25263	Leontopolis, 289
25264	Lethe, 331
25265	Libya, 131 passim, 189, 397
25266	Libya, mother of Belus, 91
25267	Lycurgus, king of Thrace, 63
25268	Lycurgus, Spartan lawgiver, 319, 327,
25269	335
25270	Macedon, 57, 63
25271	Maria, 237
25272	Maron, 59, 63
25273	Marrus, 211, 333
25274	Matris, 77
25275	Maudaces, 459
25276	Meander, 141
25277	Melampus, 327, 333
25278	Memnon, 425 f.
25279	Memphis, 69, 125, 177 passim, 231,
25280	259, 291, 333
25281	Menas, 157, 159 f., 303 f.
25282	Mencherinus. See Mycerinus
25283	Mendes, city of Egypt, 289
25284	Mendes, king of Egypt, 211, 333
25285	Menelaus, 197 f.
25286	Menestheus, 93
25287	Meroe, city, 109, 131
25288	Meroe, island, 109
25289	Meroe, mother of Cambyses, 109
25290	Minos, 211, 319
25291	Minotaur, 211
25292	Mneves, 319 f.
25293	Mnevis, 69, 289 ff.
25294	Moeris, king of Egypt, 181 ff.
25295	Moeris, Lake of, 181 ff., 227, 289,
25296	303 f.
25297	Momempbis, 231, 335
25298	Moyses (Moses), 321
25299	Musaeus, 327
25300	Husegetes, 59
25301	Muses, 59
25302	Mycerinus, 221
25303	Nasamones, 131
25304	Necho, 111
25305	Nile, 61, 105-143 passim
25306	Nileus, 215
25307	Nilometer, 125
25308	Nilopolis, 291
25309	Nineveh, 357, 371, 427, 433 passim
25310	Ninus, city. See Nineveh
25311	Ninus,
25312	king
25313	of
25314	Assyria,
25315	349-371
25316	passim, 379
25317	Ninyas, 371, 397, 417, 419 f.
25318	Nysa, in Arabia Felix, 51 f., 87
25319	Nysa, in India, 63
25320	Nysaeus, 87
25321	OceanS, 43, 61
25322	Oceanus, 43, 329
25323	Ocnus, 331
25324	Oenopides, 145 f., 327, 335 f.
25325	Onnes, 361, 367, 369 f.
25326	Orontes, 395
25327	Orpheus, 39, 43, 73 f., 239, 315,
25328	327 f.
25329	Osiris, 37 f., 47-87 passim, 291 f.,
25330	297, 303
25331	Osymandyas, 167, 169, 175
25332	Oxyartes, 365 ff.
25333	Pan, 57, 299
25334	Paraetacene, 387
25335	Paraetonium, 101
25336	Parsondes, 461 f.
25337	Parthians, 463
25338	Parthyaei, 355
25339	Pelusium, 201
25340	Persepolis, 165
25341	Perseus, 79
25342	Perseus, king of Macedon, 407
25343	Persis, 355, 397
25344	Petes, 93
25345	Pharnus, 353
25346	Pharos, 101
25347	Philae, 69 f.
25348	Philip, of Macedon, 15
25349	Plato, 327, 335
25350	Pluto, 79
25351	Polycrates, 323 f.
25352	Polydamna, 333 f.
25353	“ Portals of the Sun,” 329
25354	Poseidon, 91
25355	Priam, 423
25356	Priapus, 299
25357	469
p. 262
25358	INDEX
25359	Prometheus, 61
25360	Proteus, 213
25361	Psammetichus, 111, 229 3.
25362	Ptolemy, canal, 113
25363	Ptolemy Auletes, 157
25364	Ptolemy Lagus, 103, 165, 167, 291
25365	Ptolemy Philadelphus, 113, 129
25366	Pythagoras, 239, 327, 335
25367	Red S ea ,113,193
25368	Remphis, 213 f.
25369	Rhea, 47, 383
25370	Rhinocolura, 209
25371	Rhodopis, 223
25372	Rhoecus, 337
25373	Rome, 19, 365
25374	Sabaco, 225 f.
25375	Sacae, 463
25376	Sais, 91
25377	Sarapis, 79
25378	Sardanapallus, 423, 429-445 passim,
25379	459
25380	Sasychis, 321
25381	Satyrs, 59, 299
25382	Seleucus Nicator, 453
25383	Semel6, 73 f.
25384	Semiramis, 199, 350-419 passim
25385	Serbonis, 99 f.
25386	Sesoosis, 185-205 passim, 321
25387	Simmas, 361
25388	Sirius, name o f Osiris, 39
25389	Sirius, star, 59
25390	Solon, 239, 265, 273, 327, 335
25391	Sosane, 369
25392	Sosarmus, 459
25393	Stabrobates, 401-417 passim
25394	Susa, 165, 425
25395	Tanais (Don), 193, 353, 356
25396	Tapyri, 355
25397	Telecles, 337 ff.
25398	Telemachus, 333 f.
25399	Teutainus, 423
25400	Thales, 131
25401	Thebaid, 35, 49, 51, 57
25402	Thebes, 49, 51, 73, 161 passim, 259
25403	Theodorus, 337 ff.
25404	Theopompus, 127
25405	Thesmophorus, 49, 79
25406	Thonis, 61
25407	Thucydides, 127
25408	Tigris, 387 f.
25409	Titans, 81, 333
25410	Tithonus, 423 f.
25411	Tnephachthus, 159 f.
25412	Triptolemus, 59, 63
25413	Tritogeneia, 45
25414	Trogodytes, 99, 131
25415	Trojan War, 21 (bis), 23, 77 (6w), 79,
25416	423 ff.
25417	Trojans, 423 f.
25418	T ro y ,197
25419	Typhon, 47, 65, 71, 301 passim
25420	Uchoreus, 177
25421	X enophon,127
25422	Xerxes, 205, 363, 457
25423	Zalmoxis, 321
25424	Zarcaeus, 395
25425	Zarina, 463 f.
25426	Zathraustes, 321
25427	Zeus, 41, 47, 75, 335, 393
25428	Zeus, planet, 451
25429	Zeus Belus, 379, 381, 383
p. 263
25430	MAPS
p. 264
p. 265

Provenance

Full provenance, licence and citation: part 1.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.