Source and licence
share: attributionmixedSource: Kyprianos text 343 (Love spell (magical, formulary, erotic)), edited text from corpus/incoming/kyprianos-coptic-magic/Kyprianos_Texts_exports_24.07.2026.csv (CSV export of 24 July 2026, staged 2026-09-10 by worker W-B1); manuscript(s) PCM 1 8 PCM I 8 P. Mich. Inv. 4932f · Ro ll. 1-20, Vo ll. 1-10; copy dated 501 – 700 CE
Attribution: Kyprianos: Database of Ancient Ritual Texts and Objects, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (https://www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de), CSV export of 24 July 2026, accessed 2026-09-10. Licensed ODbL 1.0 (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/); contents DbCL 1.0. Changes: the edited Coptic of one record extracted to one file, apparatus and translation kept out of the text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: attribution — Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0 for the database + Database Contents License (DbCL) 1.0 for the contents, quoted verbatim from the Kyprianos help page (coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de, fetched 2026-09-10): "The Kyprianos Database is made available under the Open Database License … Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License". ODbL is ATTRIBUTION + SHARE-ALIKE + KEEP-OPEN: an adapted database we publish must itself be offered under ODbL, and if we run a public service on it we must offer the adapted database too. Not a Creative Commons licence, which is why the class is declared by the string's own prefix
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
The text
36 lines · a line number is a link to itselfEnglish: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.
| ref | L0 witness | L1 Cairene | L2 Kemetic | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Recto | Recto | Recto | |
| 2 | Hair | Hair | Hair | |
| 3 | 1. ⳨ ⲡⲛⲉϩ ⲡⲛⲉϩ ⲡⲛⲉϩ • ⲡⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ | 1. ⳨ ⲡ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲡ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲡ̀ⲛⲉϩ: ⲡ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ | 1. ⳨ p̀neh p̀neh p̀neh: p̀neh eθouab | |
| 4 | 2. ⲡⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲧϩⲁⲧⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲁ ⲡⲉⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲁⲱ | 2. Ⲡ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲉⲧϧⲁϯ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲑ̀ⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲱ | 2. P̀neh etxati èvol xa piθ̀ronos ǹiaō | |
| 5 | 3. ⲥⲁⲃⲁ[vacat]ⲱⲑ • ⲡⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̅ⲧⲁⲏⲥⲉ ⲧⲁϩⲥϥ ⲛⲕⲉ- | 3. Ⲥⲁⲃⲁ[…]ⲱⲑ: ⲡ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̅ⲧⲁⲏⲥⲉ ⲑⲁϩⲥϥ ⲛ̀ⲕⲉ- | 3. Saba[…]ōθ: p̀neh ntayse θahsf ǹke- | draft · high+ Oil, oil, oil; holy oil; |
| 6 | 4. ⲉⲥ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲓⲣ • ϯⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲡⲛⲉϩ • ⲡⲣⲏ ⲙⲛ̣ | 4. Ⲉⲥ ⲛⲉⲩⲥⲓⲣ: ϯⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ ⲡ̀ⲛⲉϩ: ⲡ̀ⲣⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ | 4. Es nevsir: timouti èrok p̀neh: p̀ry nem | draft · highoil that flows forth from under the throne of Iao |
| 7 | 5. ⲡⲟⲟϩ • ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛⲥⲓⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲡⲉ ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ | 5. Ⲡⲓⲟϩ: ⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ: ⲛ̀ⲥⲓⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ⲙⲟⲩϯ | 5. Pioh: mouti èrok: ǹsiou ǹt̀fe mouti | draft · highSabaoth; oil with which Isis anointed the bo- |
| 8 | 6. ⲉⲣⲟⲕ • ⲛ̅ⲣⲉϥⲡⲱϣⲛ ⲙⲡⲣⲏ ⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ | 6. Ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ: ⲛ̀ⲣⲉϥⲡⲱϣⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲏ ⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ | 6. Èrok: ǹrefpōṡn ǹp̀ry mouti èrok | draft · highnes of Osiris. I call you, oil; the sun and |
| 9 | 7. ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϫⲟⲟⲩⲕ ⲉⲕⲉⲃⲱⲕ • ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲕ ⲛⲅ- | 7. Ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̀ϫⲟⲟⲩⲕ ⲉⲕⲉ̀ⲃⲱⲕ: ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲕ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕ- | 7. Tiouōṡ ègoouk ekèvōk: tantk ǹtek- | draft · highthe moon call you; the stars of heaven call |
| 10 | 8. ⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲇͅⲇͅ ⲉⲣⲁⲧ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇͅⲇͅ ⲛⲅⲧⲣⲉⲡⲁⲙⲏ̣ | 8. Ⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲇͅⲇͅ ⲉ̀ⲣⲁⲧ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲇͅⲇͅ ⲛⲅⲧⲣⲉⲡⲁⲙⲏ̣ | 8. Ìni ḋḋ èrat anok ḋḋ nġtrepamy | draft · mediumyou; the servants of the sun call you. |
| 11 | 9. ϣ̣ⲱ̣[ⲡⲉ] ϩⲙ ⲡⲉⲥϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̅ⲧⲉⲡⲱⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲙ ⲡⲱⲓ | 9. Ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲥϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̅ⲧⲉⲡⲱⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲱⲓ | 9. Ṡōpi xen pes·hyt ntepōs ṡōpi xen pōi | draft · lowI want to send you, that you go; I send you (?) and |
| 12 | 10. [ⲛⲑⲉ] ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲱⲛ ⲙⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲛⲉ • ⲙⲛ̅ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲃⲟⲓ | 10. ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲥⲱⲛⲓ: ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲗⲁⲃⲟⲓ | 10. nθe ǹousōn nem ousōni: nem oulavoi | draft · mediumbring N. to me, N., and make my love |
| 13 | 11. [ⲉⲥⲟⲩ]ⲱϣ ⲉϯ ϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲉ • ⲁⲓⲟ ⲁⲓⲟ ϯ- | 11. Ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̀ϯ ϭⲓ ⲛⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲓ: ⲁⲓⲟ ⲁⲓⲟ ϯ- | 11. Esouōṡ èti ċi nesṡyri: aio aio ti- | draft · highbe in her heart and hers be in mine, |
| 14 | 12. [ⲧⲁⲣ]ⲕⲁ ⲙⲙⲟⲕ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϥ ϩⲛ ⲧⲡⲉ | 12. ⲧⲁⲣⲕⲁ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲕ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϫⲱϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ | 12. tarka m̀mok peteregōf xen t̀fe | draft · medium[like] a brother and a sister, and a lioness |
| 15 | 13. ⲉⲣⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ϩⲙ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲉϩⲏ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲟ ⲛϩⲁ | 13. Ⲉ̀ⲣⲉ ⲣⲁⲧϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲉϩⲏ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲟⲓ ⲛϩⲁ | 13. Ère ratf xen f̀noun erehy m̀mof oi nha | draft · medium[wish]ing to give birth to her young. Aio, Aio, I |
| 16 | 14. ⲛⲉⲥⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲟ ⲛϩⲁ ⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱ̅ | 14. Ⲛ̀ⲉⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲟⲓ ⲛϩⲁ ⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱ̅ | 14. Ǹesōou erepahou m̀mof oi nha ḋrakō | draft · highadjure you, the one whose head is in heaven, |
| 17 | 15. ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲡⲉ ⲧⲏ ⲛ̅ⲕⲁ’ⲕⲓ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲥ̣ⲟ̣ⲕ̣ | 15. Ⲡⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ⲧⲏ ⲉⲛⲭⲁⲓ’ⲕⲓ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲥ̣ⲟ̣ⲕ̣ | 15. Pète t̀fe ty enkai’ki nim aṡe nsok | draft · mediumwhose feet are in the abyss, whose front is like |
| 18 | 16. ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲣⲓⲕⲉ ⲛⲉ[ . ] . [ ca. 17 ] | 16. ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲣⲓⲕⲉ ⲛⲉ[…]. […] | 16. ereprike ne[…]. […] | draft · lowsheep, whose back is like a dragon, |
| 19 | 17. ⲛ̣ⲉϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ ⲉⲧ[ ca. 18 ] | 17. Ⲛ̀ϩⲓⲟⲙⲓ ⲉⲧ[…] | 17. Ǹhiomi et[…] | draft · guessthe one whom heaven ... every darkness ... drawn |
| 20 | 18. [ . ]. ⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲓϫ[ⲛ ca. 17 ] | 18. […]. Ⲥ ⲉⲧϩⲓϫⲛ ca. 17 | 18. […]. S et·hign ca. 17 | draft · guessthe ... [...] |
| 21 | 19. [ . . ]ⲭⲟⲩⲃⲁ . [ ca. 18 ] | 19. […]ⲭⲟⲩⲃⲁ. […] | 19. […]kouva. […] | draft · lowthe women who [...] |
| 22 | 20. [ . . . . ] . . [ ca. 20 ] | 20. [ . . . . ] . . [ ca. 20 ] | 20. [ . . . . ] . . [ ca. 20 ] | draft · low[...] who are upon [...] |
| 23 | --------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | draft · guess[...] ... [...] |
| 24 | Verso | Verso | Verso | |
| 25 | Flesh | Flesh | Flesh | |
| 26 | 1. ⧸⳨⧹ ϯⲛⲁⲡⲟⲣⲕϥ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲟⲗϥ | 1. ⧸⳨⧹ ϯⲛⲁⲡⲟⲣⲕϥ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲃⲟⲗϥ | 1. ⧸⳨⧹ tinaporkf oupenipe tinavolf | |
| 27 | 2. ⲉⲃⲟⲗ • ⲙⲡⲱⲣ ⲡⲁϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ • ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲁⲁⲧ | 2. Ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ: ⲛ̀ⲡⲱⲣ ⲡⲁϭⲟⲓⲥ: ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲁⲁⲧ | 2. Èvol: ǹpōr paċois: m̀pertaat | |
| 28 | 3. ⲉⲧⲟ̣ⲟ̣ⲧϥ ⲛ̅ⲇⲓⲙⲉⲗⲟⲩⲭⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲧϩⲣⲁⲓ | 3. Ⲉⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲙⲉⲗⲟⲩⲭⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲧϩⲣⲁⲓ | 3. Etotf ǹḋimeloukos pet·hrai | draft · low+ I will uproot it ... iron (?); I will loose it |
| 29 | 4. ⲉϫⲛ̅ ⲧⲕⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ • ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲧ- | 4. Ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ⲕ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲓⲥ: ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲧ- | 4. Èjen t̀k̀risis: alla tiouōṡ et- | draft · mediumforth. Do not, my lord, do not give me |
| 30 | 5. ⲣⲉⲕⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉⲁⲙⲛⲧⲉ ⲛ̅ⲅ̅ⲡⲱ- | 5. ⲣⲉⲕⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲉ̀ⲁ̀ⲙⲉⲛϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲫⲱ- | 5. rekvōk èpesyt èàmenti ǹtekfō- | draft · mediuminto the hands of Dimelouchos, who is |
| 31 | 6. ⲣ̅ⲕ̅ ⲛⲙⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ | 6. Ⲁⲓⲕ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ | 6. Aik ǹǹmevi tyrou ǹp̀diabolos | draft · highover the judgment; but I want you |
| 32 | 7. ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ̈ ⲉϫ̅ⲛ̅ ⲙⲉϣⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ̅ ⲡⲇͅⲇͅ • | 7. Ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲙⲉϣⲉ ⲛⲓⲉⲙ ⲡⲇͅⲇͅ: | 7. Ehrai èjen meṡe niem pḋḋ: | draft · highto go down to Amente and up- |
| 33 | 8. ⲛ̅ⲅ̅ⲧⲣⲉⲡⲁⲙⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲙ ⲡⲉⲥϩ̣[ⲏⲧ] | 8. ⲛ̅ⲅ̅ⲧⲣⲉⲡⲁⲙⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲥϩⲏⲧ | 8. nġtrepame ṡōpi xen pes·hyt | draft · highroot all the thoughts of the devil |
| 34 | 9. ⲛ̅ⲧⲉⲡⲱⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲙ ⲡⲱⲓ̈ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛ[ⲟⲕ] | 9. ⲛ̅ⲧⲉⲡⲱⲥ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲱⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | 9. ntepōs ṡōpi xen pōi je anok | draft · lowfrom upon N. (?) |
| 35 | 10. ⲡ̣[ⲉ]ⲧⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣ | 10. Ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲱϣ | 10. Petmouti ǹθok pète p̀ouōṡ | draft · highand make my love be in [her] heart |
| 36 | _______________________________ | _______________________________ | _______________________________ | draft · highand hers be in mine; for I |
Provenance
- title
- Love spell invoking oil
- dialect
- mixed
- source
- Kyprianos text 343 (Love spell (magical, formulary, erotic)), edited text from corpus/incoming/kyprianos-coptic-magic/Kyprianos_Texts_exports_24.07.2026.csv (CSV export of 24 July 2026, staged 2026-09-10 by worker W-B1); manuscript(s) PCM 1 8 PCM I 8 P. Mich. Inv. 4932f · Ro ll. 1-20, Vo ll. 1-10; copy dated 501 – 700 CE
- licence
- attribution — Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0 for the database + Database Contents License (DbCL) 1.0 for the contents, quoted verbatim from the Kyprianos help page (coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de, fetched 2026-09-10): "The Kyprianos Database is made available under the Open Database License … Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License". ODbL is ATTRIBUTION + SHARE-ALIKE + KEEP-OPEN: an adapted database we publish must itself be offered under ODbL, and if we run a public service on it we must offer the adapted database too. Not a Creative Commons licence, which is why the class is declared by the string's own prefix
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Kyprianos: Database of Ancient Ritual Texts and Objects, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (https://www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de), CSV export of 24 July 2026, accessed 2026-09-10. Licensed ODbL 1.0 (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/); contents DbCL 1.0. Changes: the edited Coptic of one record extracted to one file, apparatus and translation kept out of the text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- file
- Magic/Kyprianos Coptic magical texts/T0343 Love spell invoking oil.kyprianos.L0.txt
- title
- Love spell invoking oil — Cairene
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from T0343 Love spell invoking oil.kyprianos.L0.txt (Kyprianos text 343 (Love spell (magical, formulary, erotic)), edited text from corpus/incoming/kyprianos-coptic-magic/Ky)
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Kyprianos: Database of Ancient Ritual Texts and Objects, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (https://www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de), CSV export of 24 July 2026, accessed 2026-09-10. Licensed ODbL 1.0 (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/); contents DbCL 1.0. Changes: the edited Coptic of one record extracted to one file, apparatus and translation kept out of the text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- generated by
- tools/segment_sahidic.py segment() (SC-9 c) then tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier c, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: editorial_lacuna=5 l1_morphs_unsplit=1 n_morphs_fallback=1 numeral=1 numeral_single_ambiguous=2 stroke_kept=6 tokens=110
- file
- Magic/Kyprianos Coptic magical texts/T0343 Love spell invoking oil.kyprianos.L1.txt
- title
- Love spell invoking oil — Kemetic
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from T0343 Love spell invoking oil.kyprianos.L1.txt
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Kyprianos: Database of Ancient Ritual Texts and Objects, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (https://www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de), CSV export of 24 July 2026, accessed 2026-09-10. Licensed ODbL 1.0 (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/); contents DbCL 1.0. Changes: the edited Coptic of one record extracted to one file, apparatus and translation kept out of the text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- generated by
- tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
- file
- Magic/Kyprianos Coptic magical texts/T0343 Love spell invoking oil.kyprianos.L2.txt
- what it is
- DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
- lines
- 0 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 28 model drafts (marked “draft”)
L0 witness
L1 Cairene
L2 Kemetic
English
Cite as:
Love spell invoking oil. Kyprianos text 343 (Love spell (magical, formulary, erotic)), edited text from corpus/incoming/kyprianos-coptic-magic/Kyprianos_Texts_exports_24.07.2026.csv (CSV export of 24 July 2026, staged 2026-09-10 by worker W-B1); manuscript(s) PCM 1 8 PCM I 8 P. Mich. Inv. 4932f · Ro ll. 1-20, Vo ll. 1-10; copy dated 501 – 700 CE. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/magic/kyprianos-coptic-magical-texts/t0343-love-spell-invoking-oil.kyprianos/. Kyprianos: Database of Ancient Ritual Texts and Objects, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (https://www.coptic-magic.phil.uni-wuerzburg.de), CSV export of 24 July 2026, accessed 2026-09-10. Licensed ODbL 1.0 (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/); contents DbCL 1.0. Changes: the edited Coptic of one record extracted to one file, apparatus and translation kept out of the text, by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.