Gardiner – Egyptian Hieratic Texts, Series I: Literary Texts of the New Kingdom, Part I: Papyrus Anastasi I (Leipzig 1911) — OCR (Apple Vision)

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Source: corpus/incoming/e-2/gardiner-anastasi-i-1911/ — Apple Vision OCR (tools/e2_ocr.py, worker E-2, 2026-09-29) of corpus/incoming/hieratic-palaeography/gardiner_egyptian-hieratic-texts_anastasi-I_1911.pdf, 42 PDF pages; provenance and verification in corpus/incoming/e-2/STAGING.md

Attribution: Gardiner – Egyptian Hieratic Texts, Series I: Literary Texts of the New Kingdom, Part I: Papyrus Anastasi I (Leipzig 1911); public domain in Canada (death year verified: Gardiner d.1963: PDF Author field "Gardiner, Alan Henderson, Sir, 1879-1963" of corpus/incoming/hieratic-palaeography/gardiner_egyptian-hieratic-texts_anastasi-I_1911.pdf (pdfinfo, read 2026-09-29). The PDF has NO title page (pp. 1–6 cover/blank/IA slip; text starts p. 7); p. 7 note "proofs … compared with the original in September 1910. Gardiner"; p. 155 library card "Gardiner, (Sir) Alan Henderson, Egyptian hieratic texts pt.1". Year 1911 from the filename and hieratic-palaeography/README.md, not seen on a title page · note (PROPOSED-scan_copyright-E-2.csv): this in-PDF heading is the Gardiner source the thebanostracaedi00royauoft row lacks (E-2 volume gardiner-anastasi-i-1911)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): PD-US (published ≤1930)

Jurisdiction note: this text is public domain under Canadian law (the project is published from Canada; LICENCES.md §7: author died in or before 1971). It may still be in copyright elsewhere — in countries with a life + 70 term, or where a later edition claims its own rights. The licence line above says what was verified. If you are outside Canada, check your own law before re-using it.

Full provenance and citation

The text

2,071 lines · a line number is a link to itself

ref	L0 witness (OCR)
p. 7
1	I. A satirical letter.
2	Sources of the text. 1. The Papyrus Anastasi I (Pap. Brit. Mus. 10247) was
3	purchased for the British Museum in 1839 from Signor ANASTASI, the Swedish Consul in Egypt.
4	It measures 8¼ metres in length; its height is 20-5 cm., i. e. it is of the normal height of literary
5	papyri of the second Theban period. Both in respect of size and of calligraphy the papyrus is one
6	of the finest specimens of a Ramesside book. The text, written upon the horizontal fibres, com-
7	prises 28 pages of 8 or 9 lines apiece; at the beginning there is a protecting strip of 10•5 cm.
8	The verso is uninscribed, save for a few large illegible signs at the back of the 19th. page. The
9	papyrus contains but a single composition, which is complete except for the losses caused by
10	Iacunae; these are very abundant, especially in the earlier pages. The composition is divided
11	into nineteen paragraphs, of which the first words are always written in red. Verse-points occur
12	on the gth. and ioth. pages. Corrections are to be found here and there; one written at the
13	top of page 3 is probably due to a teacher's hand. The type of handwriting is closely similar
14	to, but not identical, with, that of Ennene, the scribe to whose industry we owe several of
15	the finest of the London hieratic papyri. The papyrus Anastasi I may therefore be dated
16	with approximate accuracy to the reign of Sethos II (see MÖLLER, Paläographie II 11)! —
17	A good hand-facsimile by J. NETHERCLIFT is published in the Select Papyri in the hieratic
18	character from the collections of the British Museum, London 1842, plates XXXV-LXII?.
19	In CHABAS' book Le Voyage d'un Egyptien the plates, comprising Anast. I8; 18,3-8; 19 to
20	28, seem to have been merely reproduced from the official publication. — The transcript
21	here given is based on that made by K. SETHE for the purposes of the Berlin hieroglyphic
22	dictionary; this has been diligently collated with the original on several separate occasions?.
23	2. Ostracon belonging to Professor Petrie (abbreviated O. P.). A slab of lime-
24	stone 21×26 cm., containing a half-obliterated duplicate of Anast. I I, I-4 with some additions.
25	Unpublished.
26	3. Ostracon in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris (abbrev. O. B. N.), a limestone
27	tablet containing Anast. I 1,6-2,6 with numerous variants and additions. Publishedby
28	W. SPIEGELBERG, Beiträge zur Erklärung des Papyrus Anastasi / in the Zeitschrift für ägyp-
29	tische Sprache 44 (1908), 119-122 and Tafel V. VI, with (I) a photograph of the stone in its
30	present much deteriorated condition, (2) a hand-copy of the hieratic made in 1892, and (3)
31	a hieroglyphic transcription. My text is based on a comparison of these materials.
32	4. Ostracon in the Brussels collection (abbrev, O. Br.), a broken potsherd
33	containing portions of Anast. I2, 1-5 and closely following the ostracon of the Bibliothèque
34	1) According to MölLEr Ennene was a scribe of the Memphite school. The same would doubtless
35	hold good of the writer of Anastasi I.
36	2) This is sometimes referred to in my notes upon the text as "the facsimile".
37	3) The proofs of this edition were finally compared with the original in September 1910.
38	Gardiner.
p. 8
39	Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
40	Nationale in its text. Published here for the first time from a photograph and a transcription
41	providedby Professor SPIEGELBERG!
42	5. Ostracon in the Library of Queen's College, Oxford (abbrev. O. Q. C.),
43	a limestone fragment measuring 17,5×13 cm., containing the text of Anast. I 3,4-4,I with
44	sundry additions. Brought back from Egypt by BELZONI. Hitherto unpublished.
45	6. Ostracon in the Turin Museum (abbrev. O. T.), a duplicate of Anast. I 6,5-7,3,
46	on a fragment of limestone measuring 21×18 cm. Published PLEYTE-RosSI, Papyrus de
47	Turin, plate CXLIX. Collated with the original.
48	7. Ostracon in the Louvre (abbrev. O. L.), a potsherd neatly inscribed with the
49	text of Anast. I 8,3—9,2. An admirable facsimile is given by J. DE HORRACK, Sur un
50	ostracon du Musée du Louvre in the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache 6 (1868), I-6, reprinted
51	in the Bibliothèque Egyptologique t. 17, p. 60-69. Here transcribed from the publication.
52	8. Ostracon Cailliaud (abbrev. O.C.), one of several inscribed fragments of lime-
53	stone described as "trouvés dans les hypogées de Gournah à Thèbes", containing the same
54	passage as the Louvre ostracon in a slightly inferior but closely related version. At the end
55	there is a mention of the Vizier To', who lived in the reign of Rameses III. An adequate
56	facsimile is given in FRÉDÉRIC CAILLIAUD, Voyaşe à lOasis de Thébes (deuxième partie,
57	Paris 1862), pl. 25, no. I; and thence CHABAS, op. cit., pl. 12. Transcribed from the publications.
58	9. Ostracon in the Berlin collection (abbrev. O. B.), a potsherd (P. I1236) con-
59	taining the text of Anast. I 99-10,4, but with extensive lacunae. A small fragment of this
60	potsherd which was acquired for the Leipzig collection together with other ostraca has now
61	been joined to the larger portion in Berlin. Published in Hieratische Papyrus aus den könig-
62	lichen Museen zu Berlin, Bd. III, Tafel 28. My transcript is made from the original.
63	10. Papyrus in the Turin Museum (abbrev. P. T.), a badly-written palimpsest,
64	21 cm. in height and 45 cm. in breadth, bearing upon the recto, i. e. upon the horizontal
65	fibres, a duplicate of Anast. I 12,6-15,1. The verso gives the full titulature of Rameses IV.
66	Published in facsimile PLEYTE-RossI, Papyrus de Turin, pl. 62 (the verso, pl. 63). Collated
67	for the present edition with the original.
68	Bibliographical notice. The third and last instalment (1844) of the Select Papyri
69	(first series) contains some prefatory remarks, by Samuel BIRcH, on the manuscripts com-
70	prised in the entire work. Here we find Anastasi I characterised as a "continuous series of
71	statements made apparently by a royal scribe in command of the troops", and the various
72	paragraphs into which the papyrus is divided are briefly and somewhat vaguely summarized. Some years later Dr. HINCKS set himself to study the foreign place-names in the latter isdedare baýy ty
73	portions of the text, and in the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy for 1848 was able
74	to announce the discovery of the names of Berytus, Sidon and Sarepta. Consecutive trans-
75	lations, by Dr. BIRCH, of certain passages interesting for their geographical data were embodied
76	in a paper entitled Rephaim and their connexion with Egyptian History, which Miss Fanny
77	CORBAUX published in the Fournal of Sacred Literature for January 1852. In H. BRUGSCH's
78	volume Die Geographie der Nachbarländer Aegyptens (Geographische Inschriften altägyptischer
79	Denkmäler, zweiter Band, Leipzig 1858) constant reference is made to our papyrus, and
80	many of the Syrian towns mentioned in it are brilliantly identified. A remarkable attempt
81	to cope with the difficulties of the text was next made by GooDwIN in his epoch-making
82	article on Hieratic Papyri in the Cambridge Essays of 1858; GOODWIN not only gives a short
83	analysis of the entire composition from beginning to end, but also translates a considerable part
84	of the last ten pages, often with astonishing accuracy and success. It is hardly to be wondered
85	at if at this stage the literary tendency of the document was not yet recognized; GOODWIN
86	1) I am greatly indebted to M. Capart for calling my attention to this ostracon and giving me
87	permission to publish it; and to Prof. SpIEgELBErg for surrendering his prior claim in my favour.
p. 9
88	Anastasi I 3*
89	pronounced it to be the "biographical memoir of a scribe, written by his pupil, and addressed
90	to the object of the memoir himself." Much the same view was taken by François CHABAS
91	in his justly celebrated work Voyage d'un Egyptien en Syrie, en Phénicie, en Palestine, &c;
92	au XIV me siécle avant notre ère, published with GOODWIN's collaboration in 1866. The book, a
93	bulky quarto, is chiefly concerned with the last ten pages of the papyrus, which CHABAS regarded
94	as the authentic narrative of a voyage in Syria retold to the scribe who had undertaken it
95	by his pupil. This portion of the text is dealt with in great detail, the translation being
96	accompanied by an elaborate philological commentary. For the earlier parts of the papyrus
97	CHABAS is content to give translations or abstracts of the sense, though allowing himself
98	occasional digressions on linguistic points. The importance of the book as a contribution
99	to Egyptian philology was at the time of its appearance very considerable, its renderings
100	marking a great advance on what had thitherto been achieved. CHABAS' conception of the
101	text as a whole is superior to that of GOODWIN only in the recognition of the fact that the
102	writer here and there complains of his correspondent's style, and when attacked defends himself
103	against the latter's scathing comments. An ill-tempered review of CHaBAs' magnum opus
104	was printed by BRUGSCH in the Revue Critique of 1867', and led to an acrimonious contro-
105	versy between the two scholars. CHABAS' Réponse à la Critique (Chalon-sur-Saône and Paris,
106	1868; recently reprinted in Bibliothèque Egyptologique, tome II, P. 203—340) is not wholly
107	lacking in scientific interest, but contains a preponderance of recrimination hardly to be
108	excused by the fact that it certainly was not unprovoked. BRUGSCH's, critique had the merit
109	of showing the voyage recounted in the papyrus in a much truer perspective than thereto-
110	fore; it was now seen to be no authentic relation of travels in Syria, but an imaginative-
111	picture of the perils attendant on such travels, the object being, as BRUGSCH thought, to
112	deter the colleague addressed from fancying himself equal to heroic enterprises of the kind.?
113	This approximatés very closely to the view of the text that is now accepted. In a pamphlet
114	which appeared in 1868 F. J. LAUTH, sought to prove that the Mohar, i. e. the
115	Egyptian traveller whose adventures in Syria are described in Anastasi I, was none other
116	than the biblical Moses (Moses der Ebräer nach swei ägyptischen Papyrus-Urkunden in
117	hieratischer Schriftart, München, 1868). This hypothesis, which was principally based on Anast. I
118	18, 2, has deservedly, passed.into oblivion, but the book merits more attention than it has
119	received on account of the complete translations of Anastasi I and Pap. Leiden 35° (recto)
120	contained in its appendices; here LAUTH shows himself, according to his wont, as enterprising,
121	acute, and unsound. Considerable portions of the first ten pages of the papyrus were
122	translated by MAsPERo in his thesis Du Genre épistolaire ches les anciens Egyptiens
123	(Paris 1872), p. 106—114 For thirteen years after this no event of importance has to be
124	recorded in the bibliographical history of the papyrus. An English version of CHABAs' and
125	GOODWIN's translation by S. M. DRACH was printed in the Records of the Past (first series,
126	no date) vol. 2, p. 107—116 under the title Travels of an Egyptian. A fragmentary papyrus
127	in Turin and an ostracon in the Louvre were recognized as containing portions of the text
128	of Anastasi I; an ostracon practically identical with that in the Louvre had long since been
129	published by CAILLIAUD and used in CHABAS' book.3 In 1885 Adolf ERMAN's work Aegypten
130	und ägyptisches Leben appeared, shedding new light on almost every province of Egypto-
131	1) Also obtainable separately at the Librairie A. Franck in Paris under the title Examen Critique
132	du Livre de M. Chabas intitulé Voyage d'un Egyplien en Syrie, en Phénicie, en Palestine, &c. au
133	XIVme siêcle avant notre ère.
134	2) See particularly p. 11 of the Critique. BrugscH is certainly right in translating the numerous
135	sentences of the type bw šm-k, bw ptri-k, not as rhetorical questions (so CHaBAs and ErmaN), but as simple
136	negative statements "tu n'es pas parti" "tu n'as pas vu".
137	3) See above under the heading Sources of the Text for particulars as to the publication of these
138	duplicates.
p. 10
139	Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
140	logical science. Here the first Anastasi papyrus obtained its due in the shape of an admirable
141	analysis interspersed with translations (p. 508-513); and the real subject of the book was lucidly
142	and convincingly proved to be a literary controversy between two scribes, the form adopted
143	being that of a letter pretending to be the answer to an ill-worded and pretentious com-
144	munication. ERMAN's general interpretation requires hardly any modification today, and his
145	translations need but little change, though naturally the latter embrace only the more easily
146	intelligible and picturesque passages.
147	For the past five and twenty years no new edition or translation has to be noted,
148	so that for complete, or nearly complete, renderings of the papyrus recourse must still be
149	had to the works of CHABAS and LAUTH. A hieroglyphic transcription of Anast. I 18,3 to
150	28,8 (the voyage) is given in E. A, W. BUDGE's Egyptian Reading Book (1888) p. 157—169,
151	and in the larger edition of the same work (1896) p. 274-294. The geographical problems
152	are minutely discussed in W. MAX MÜLLER's Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denk-
153	mälern (1893), particularly Pp. 172-175. MASPERO has dealt with two passages of the voyage
154	in his articles Entre Foppé et Mageddo in the Études. .... dédiées à M. le Dr. C. Leemans,
155	p. 4-6; and Notes sur la géographie égyptienne de la Syrie, III in the Recueil de Travaux
156	19, 68-73; SPIEGELBERG has given a rendering of, and commentary on, 9,4—10,6 under
157	the title Eine Probe der ägyptischen persönlichen Satire in his Beiträge zur Erklärung des
158	Papyrus Anastasi I (A. Z. 44 [1908], 118—125). A fine ostracon belonging to the Biblio-
159	thèque Nationale, Paris, and supplementing the beginning of the papyrus is also published
160	in the last-named article.
161	General remarks. The composition contained in the first Anastasi papyrus was
162	written certainly not earlier, but probably also not later, than the reign of Rameses II, the
163	name of that king occurring in several passages (12,3; 18,8; 27,3. 5). Of the ten ostraca and
164	papyri preserving greater or less portions of the text none is of more recent date than about
165	the middle of the 20th. Dynasty; and this quite unusual number of manuscripts, scattered
166	over so brief a period, bears eloquent testimony to the popularity which the work enjoyed
167	in the Ramesside schools. Nor is its popularity hard to explain, if the standards of taste
168	current in those times are carefully borne in mind. In the first place the theme upon which
169	the entire composition turns is the profession of the scribe, and no lesson was more assi-
170	duously instilled into the mind of the Egyptian schoolboy than the belief in the dignity and
171	the advantages of that career. Thus from one aspect Anastasi I ought to be regarded
172	as akin to the numerous effusions in which the student is bidden apply himself diligently
173	to the art of writing, or where other occupations are invidiously compared with the
174	labours of the scribe? Secondly, its wealth of topics and consequent variety of vocabulary
175	must have given the text particular value as a model of style and as a means of teaching
176	orthography. The abundant use made of foreign words and the display of erudition with
177	regard to outlandish place-names agree well with what we know of the predilections of the
178	age?. Lastly, the good-humoured raillery which is the dominant note of the papyrus springs
179	from one of most attractive sides of the Egyptian temperament. Hints of the Egyptian's
180	love of repartee and appreciation of irony may be found in the snatches of conversation
181	written above the scenes on the walls of tombs, or in the paintings and sculptures them-
182	selves, or in the rare caricatures that have survived, and samples are to be found here and
183	there in the literature*; but nowhere are these attributes more strikingly illustrated than in
184	r) See Erman, Aegypten p. 442 foll.
185	2) E. g. Anast. IV 9, 4 foll.
186	3) See ERMAN, Aegypten p. 683.
187	4) See especially the letter Pap. Bibl. Nat. 198, 2 published by SPIEGELBErG, Correspondances
188	du Temps des Rois-Prêtres p. 68—74.
p. 11
189	Anastasi I
190	Anastasi I. If it must be confessed that the quality of the wit is poor, and that the satirical
191	vein is intolerably insistent, still, that a Ramesside author should so well have understood
192	to use language in a way not immediately suggested by its plain face-value is an achievement
193	to be respected.
194	The whole character of the book would make it impossible to translate satisfactorily
195	into any modern language, even if its vocabulary were more familiar to us. As it is, our
196	ignorance of many of the actual words often leaves the sense totally obscure; and the
197	difficulties are further increased by the frequency of the lacunae and by the textual
198	corruptions. In the rare cases where more than two manuscripts are preserved Anastasi /
199	is as a rule found to stand alone in its readings; the Brussels ostracon agrees closely with
200	that of the Bibliotbèque Nationale, the Cailliaud ostracon still more closely with that of the
201	Louvre. Possibly the reason may be that Anastasi I is a Memphitic text!, whereas the
202	ostraca without exception are of Theban provenance. Perhaps of all the sources the
203	Louvre ostracon has the least corrupt text; the most corrupt is certainly the Turin
204	papyrus. As for Anastasi I, in many passages it is obviously in error (see for a parti- cularly glaring case 4,3); but it would not be wise in the present state of our knowledge sta but it woay nossagt
205	to pronounce a very definite verdict on the degree of its inaccuracy. The language is
206	similar to that of other literary texts of the period, i. e. a mixture between the vulgar spoken
207	dialect and the old classical style.
208	The argument. (I) The scribe Hori, a man of great erudition and celebrity, em- •
209	ployed in the Royal stables, (II) writes to his friend the scribe Amenemope, (III) wishing
210	him all prosperity in this world and all happiness in the next. (IV) Hori writes to say that
211	his friend's letter reached him at a moment of leisure; bis joy at its reception was lessened
212	by a perusal of the contents, which appeared to him to be very mediocre. (V) In spite of
213	his having called many helpers to his aid, Amenemope has contrived to make a bad job of
214	the commission he was called upon to perform. (VI) Hori will now reply in a letter of the
215	same kind, and will excel Amenemope at every point, dealing with the very same topics.
216	At the outset Amenemope has had the discourtesy to omit the usual salutations. (VII) He
217	has also expressed his contempt of Hori's ability. The latter replies ironically, naming
218	various persons who have attained to positions of ease and wealth in spite of some ludicrous
219	moral or physical defect; the exact point of the answer is not clear. (VIII) Hori goes on
220	to poke fun at his friend's pretensions to learning and ends by advising him not to meddle
221	with ancient lore. (IX) Accused of having no right to his title of scribe, Hori refers Amene-
222	mope to the official registers. (X) An obscure competition between the rivals. (XI) Again
223	accused of being no true scribe, Hori asks that the god Onuris shall be appealed to as
224	arbiter. (XII) When commanded to undertake any difficult calculation, Amenemope either
225	turns to others for advice, or else fails to give any answer; this is illustrated by several
226	examples, the building of a ramp, (XIII) the transport of an obelisk, (XIV) the erection of
227	a colossus, and (XV) the furnishing of supplies for the troops on a foreign military expedition.
228	(XVI) Amenemope has laid claim to the title of Maher; Hori replies by enumerating a
229	number of places in Northern Syria never visited by Amenemope, and an imaginary picture
230	of the latter enduring the discomforts of the Maher's life is conjured up. (XVII) Amenemope
231	is questioned as to the towns of Phoenicia (XVIII) and as to the towns further southwards.
232	(XIX) Sundry other places frequented by the Maher are named, and Amenemope is imagined
233	as experiencing the adventures of the Maher's life - the traversing of a precipitous region,
234	the danger from wild beasts, the breaking of the chariot, the arrival at Joppa, and finally
235	the repairing of the chariot and the start on a new journey. (XX) Hori cross-examines his
236	friend as to the places on the high-road to Gaza, and finds him totally ignorant of them.
237	1) See above p. 1*, footnote 1.
p. 12
238	6* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
239	He regards his own superiority as now fully proved, and bids Amenemope not to be angry
240	but to listen coolly; in this way he too will learn to discourse about foreign parts and the
241	incidents of travel.
242	I. The rank and qualifications of the writer.
243	The scribe of noble parts, patient in discussion', at whose utterances men
244	rejoice when they are heard, skilled in the hieroglyphs; there is nothing he does
245	not know. He is a champion in valour and in the art of Seshyt®; servant of
246	the lord of Khmün® in the* hall of writing; assistant-teacher® in the office of
247	writing'. First of his companions, foremost of his fellows, prince of his con-
248	temporaries, without his peer. His merit is proved' in every stripling. His hand
249	goes forth (), his fingers magnify the young (). Noble, keen of wit®, adept
250	1,5 in knowledge; fortunate because of it(??)". Protecting himself by his good
251	qualities; beloved in (men's) hearts, without being repelled (?)"; men like to make
252	a friend of him, they do not tire of him. Swift to inscribe empty rolls. Youthful,
253	eminent of charm, pleasant of grace'. Unravelling the obscurities of the annals
254	like him who made them' . All that goes forth from his mouth is steeped in
255	honey15; the heart is refreshed with it as it were with medicine. Groom" of his
256	2,1 Majesty, follower of the Sovereign, trainer of the steeds" of the king, ardent
257	cultivator19 of the stable'. The old man who doeth like him? is beaten(?)*. He
258	1) Nand-ri only here; perhaps read nd-ri, as the Mus. 29549. — Twt, a rare adjective meaning "plea-
259	Petrie Ostracon (O. P.) may have had; cf. too (Lit. sant" "delightful" or the like, cf. Cairo, Hymn to
260	Texts) p. 4, 1. 6. 7. Amon 11,2; twl h3-t, epithet of Ptah, Mar., Dend. I
261	2) The goddess of writing. 39c. 71; II 57d: tut ld epithet of Osiris, RocHEM.,
262	3) Thoth of Hermopolis Magna. Edjou I 15, 37; I 317.
263	4) Variant O. P. "his hall" 14) Mi ir-sn, cf. Ostr. Brit. Mus. 29549.
264	5) O. P.obviously better "teacher of subordinates". 15) Variant Ostr. Bibl. Nat. (O. B. N.) "all
265	6) O. P. continues differently thus: "[skilled in (?)] that goes out over his limb (read "lip") is mixed
266	his profession; knowing the secrets of heaven and earth with honey."
267	.....; there is none who repels(?) ........ in writing. 16) Mrl, cf. BURCHARDT, Allkanaanäische
268	First of his fellows in the midst of his neighbours; Fremdworte (henceforth cited as BurcH.) no. 466.
269	chief of his contemporaries, they are not equal [to him]; 17) Shpr, cf. p ih n shpr, PIeHi, Inscr. III 45.
270	teacher of subordinates in the office of writing; his Nfrw, wrongly determined in Anast. I; cf. Piankhi
271	merit is proved in every stripling. Lamp ......" (end). 64; O. B. N. variant htri.
272	7) Literally: "one makes sure of him for every 18) Mnili cf. Sall. II 4,9; Pap. Turin 147,
273	stripling", i. e. he is a successful teacher of the young; col. 2, 12, and possibly Pap. Kahun 14, 5; here meta-
274	irtmnm cf. WEILL, Sinai 63,5. In O. P. this sentence phorically.
275	more appropriately follows sb3y n hriw.. 19) Variant O. B. N. "excellent cultivator of his
276	8) That pr hr d-lf is not to be taken with hunw nb position."
277	("every stripling who passes through his hands") seems 20) An obscure phrase thus to be rendered
278	probable from O. P. Hr should perhaps be omitted. literally; sense perhaps "outstripping all his olde
279	9) ip d-t "to apprehend, take stock of (one's colleagues".
280	own) body", an Egyptian phrase for "to have one's 21) O. B. N., supported in part by the Brussels
281	wits about one', ct. Pyr. 2084; Leiden V 93; Urk. ostracon, continues as follows: - "web-priest of
282	IV 160, - The preposition hr is superfluous. Sekhme, excellent (}) beyond (?) men of the future (?);
283	10) Emend hr-s referring to s3y-t? directing the two limits of time according to their
284	11) The reading iin is rather uncertain. needs(}); over the secrets of the horizons; keen in con-
285	12) Reading sphr, cf. 12, l. verse, never yielding (?); servant of Wsril, admitted to
286	13) 'Im-t, 3bw-t "charm of appearance" "love- sacred ground; not revealing (?) what he knows to the
287	liness of appearance"; cf. esp. Anast.III4,12;Ostr. Brit. H3w-nb; wöb-priest of Sekhme, Hori son of Onnofre."
p. 13
288	Anastasi I
289	who looses the yoke, [Hori] son of Onnofre of the region of Abydos, isla
290	the just; born of Tewosre in the district of Belbeis? ,singer of Ubast in S
291	II. He sends greetings to his friend, the scribe Amenemope
292	He greets his friend, his excellent brother, the royal scribe in co
293	of the victorious army*; noble of parts, goodly of qualities, adept in
294	ledge; who has not his equal in any scribe. Beloved of all men; beautiful
295	2,5 who beholds his charm; like a flower of the marshes in the heart of
296	A scribe (writing) in every style (?)®; there is nothing that he does no
297	Men inquire after his response in quest of choice words. Keen of wit?,
298	of heart, loving mankind; rejoicing at deeds of Justice, he turns his bac
299	iniquity. (The scribe of steeds(:).... .. Amenemope, son of the
300	Mose, the revered.)*
301	III. Wishes for the welfare of the friend.
302	Mayest thou live and prosper and be hale, my excellent brothe
303	equipped, strongly-established, without a wish; thy needs of life and of sus
304	satisfed, joy and delight united in thy path. May !..... come fe
305	3,1 thee in thy lifetime, and his(?) gate(??)"º decay not; mayest thou see t
306	of the sun and sate thyself with him; mayest thou pass [thy\| term .....
307	thy gods pleased with thee", not being wroth.......; may thy reward
308	...... after old age, thy love'(t?) in the hearts of(:) the Just; maye
309	enter into thy tomb in the holy [ground] and mix with the noble spirits;
310	thou be judged among them and be acquitted in Busiris before Onnofre
311	established in Abydos in the presence of Shu-Onüris's; mayest thou cr
312	3.5 U-peger]' in the train of the god's; mayest thou traverse the divine re
313	1) For fw mšliw, an epithet of Abydos, see 8) Restored from O.B.N.
314	below p. 15, l. 5; Harhotep 93.506; Totb. ed. Nav., 9) The name of a god (e. g. Nepri
315	17,24. supplied.
316	2) Brs-t, Belbeis on the border of the desert 10) For this word cf. Anasi. III, 5,2;
317	in the Bubastite nome, see NavILLE, Mound of the "his" it is just possible to read "thy"
318	Jew p. 22.23. 11) Hip m', cf. Anast. III 4.8.
319	3) The region of Bubastis, cf. Br., Dict. Géogr. 12) Read mr-t for mrh (?). But 1388
320	381; Proc. S. B. A. 13,36. read h3f-s "finest oil"; then the sentence n
321	4) The name of Hori's rival was read Nht-stp "thy oil being of the best [like (??)) the Ju
322	by ERMAN; the version of O. B. N. finally disproves 13) Elsewhere always "OnurisShu";
323	this view. For mš nht cf. below 17,3; Anasl II "the son of Re" "with the high plumes'
324	5,1; Urh. IV 654. 659, there varying with mš » Thinis".
325	nhte, 654. 655. 14) W-pk(r), the burial-place of Osiris
326	5) Variant O. B. N.: - "Beloved of all men, see ScHirER's artidle A. Z. 11 (1904), 10%
327	without fault, charming, pleasant and praiseworthy (?) 15) The ostracon in Queen's Colleg
328	in the sight of others." (O.g.C.) here inserts: "mayest thou eat
329	6) M inw nb "of all sorts", cf. Koller 4,7; and herbs (?) in the Region of Food (83-8
330	Harris I 72,5; Rec. de Trau. 30, 216. there be presented to thee offering-loaves m
331	7) This and the following epithets are lacking (the god?), besprinkled from the two dsr-t
332	in O. B. N. the water of I3o-wr".
333	and' of
334	"-(nlr"
335	ПІIFE
336	be
337	must be
338	HT HH!
p. 14
339	8* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
340	the train of Sokaris; mayest thou join the crew of the Neshmet bark', without
341	being turned back; mayest thou see the sun in heaven when he opens the year;
342	may Anubis attach for thee thy head'to thy bones®; mayest thou come forth
343	from the Hidden Place®, without being destroyed; mayest thou [behold] the sheen*
344	in the Netherworld as it passes by thee; may Nun° be abundant in thy domain,
345	may he inundate thy path, may he overflow (the land to) seven ells (depth)
346	beside thy tomb®; mayest thou sit at the river's brink in thy moment of repose;
347	4,1mayest thou lave thy face and thyhand; mayest thou receive offerings; maythy
348	nose inhale? the breeze; mayest thou relax thy throat; the clothes of Tayt(7)®
349	............; may Nepri give thee bread, and Hathor beer"; mayest thou
350	suck at the breast of the Cow Shyt-Hri; may the best oils(?) be opened for(?)
351	thee'; mayest thou enter... ......mayest thouset him onhis seat;
352	may the Ushebti-figures receive thee(?) ........ carrying sand from the East
353	to the West; mayest thou....... "(the goddess in] thy sycamore, may she
354	moisten thy throat; mayest thou repel [thy enemies(?); mayest thou be powerful(?)1
355	on] earth, mayest thou be bright".. ..... mayest thou be justified in
356	heaven15 ;mayest thou descendto the... without being
357	4,5 destroyed; mayest thou make thy transformations as thou listest like the Phoenix,
358	every form of thine being a god when thou..
359	IV. Reception of a letter from Amenemope.
360	Another topic. Thy letter reached me in an hour of leisure6 Thy
361	messenger found me" as I sat beside the horse which is in my charge. I rejoiced
362	1) The boat of Osiris; CHassInaT has given of Hathor with beer, cf. Destruction of. Mankind
363	a good collection of references Rec. de Trav. 16, 121. (Sethos) 23.
364	2) O.Q.C. adds: "mayest thou be pure, may 10) Snk m mnd "to suck at the breast" cf.
365	thy flesh become divine before the brothers Horus Pap. Leiden '343, recto 6,11; "to suckle at the
366	and Seth, may 'Thoth and Harakhti(?) carry thy soul breast" Urk. IV 237.239; and for the cow Sh3yt-Hr
367	aloft." in this context cf. Pyv. 1375; CAPARt, Recueil I 48.
368	3) W-imn only here; a name for the place 11) Very doubtful; read wn nh instead of
369	of embalmment. wn-k n ().
370	4) I. e. the sheen of the sun in his nightly 12) Sfd "to grasp" occurs once on a M. K.
371	journey through the Netherworld. W(3)w(3w0), see coffin (A. Z. 47 [1910], 101); here meaning and
372	Br., Wörlerb. 324; PıeнI, Inscr. I 118. construction are obscure.
373	5) Nun is the god of the waters; Nwt in 13) Read wsy-k (P).
374	Anasi. I is a wrong reading, as the suffix of thb-f 14) It is tempting to find in this damaged
375	shows. passage a variation of the common formula "mayest
376	6) The "water of 7 ells (depth)" seems to thou be bright (13h-k) in heaven, mayest thou be
377	have been proverbial, cf. Anast. IV 1b, 8. powerful on earth, mayest thou be justified in the
378	7) For hnm in Anast. I the duplicate O. Q. C. netherworld". In this case the spelling of i3h-k here
379	has the rare verb hnp(1) "to breathe"; cf. Rec. de would need some alteration.
380	of Nounnf (unpublished). rat ama tgs pod coampile in the Thcdan tomh 16) Lit. "of resting for a while". 15) One expects dw3-t; see last note.
381	8) The goddess of weaving. 17) For gmi "I found" emend gm-wi "found
382	9) Nepri is the corn-god; for the connection me" cf. Sinuhe R 19.
p. 15
383	Anastasi 1 9°
384	and was glad, I made ready to reply' I entered into my stable® to examine
385	thy letter. I found it consisted neither of praises nor of insults. Thy utterances
386	confuse this with that, all thy words are perverted, they are not coherent. All
387	5.1 thy writing is.... mixing(}) [evil things] with choice,
388	the best with Thysayings are \|not(:)\| sweet; they are not bitter.
389	.... with honey; thou dost excel must mingled with un-
390	mellowed wine®
391	V. The way in which Amenemope wrote his letter is described".
392	I [send] to thee and bear witness unto thee like..................,
393	but not excellent(7). As for me, when [!) say (to) thee...........speak coolly(?)?
394	3.5 Thy speeches . • perturbed(}), to frighten me(:)®. But I feel
395	no awe before thee, I know thy nature, I feel sure? that thou wilt answer
396	it' alone by thyself". But lo', thy protectors1 stand behind thee; thou hast
397	assembled many ........ of(:) helpers" such as thou wouldst (collect(i?) for a
398	bench of judges1s Thy looks are troubled, whilst thou standest coaxing the
399	assistants(})'® and saying: "Come (join) with me and lend a hand to me!" Thou
400	1) Hr y, cf. especially R., I. H. 227, 62. - 7) Kb, lit. "cool", "coolly" occurs in several
401	Hsf "to answer" a letter (3'-1), clear in Pap. Leiden obscure sentences in Anasl. I. Almost certainly
402	365 verso 3; 367,6. Cf. too Leipzig ostracon 5, "vain", "meaningless" in 13, 1. Sense doubtful here
403	verso; below 5, 5; 7, 4; 28, 5. and in 7,2. In 28, 8 probably "dispassionately".
404	one meaning: 8) [Śr]5r (?), cf. 5r(3r](?) 5,8, a mere guess. -
405	(I) "stable" cf. Piankhi 109. 113. 114; '3 n šmm(-4), R sndw-i, cf. 11, 4, lit. perhaps "for my fear".
406	a title, Sall. I 4, 10; (2) "granary", certain from 9) 'Ib "to believe", "imagine", again below 24,8;
407	Pap. Iurin 51, 4 (fem.); cf. also Pap. Turin 100, 5. also Shipwrecked Sailor 58; perhaps already QuIBELL,
408	7; 157,3 (masc.); (3) as part(?) of a magazine full of Excavalions at Saqgara III p. 83, 1. 10 (O. K.).
409	sand employed in the erection of a colossus, below 16,8. 10) Hsl, see n. 1 on this page. The suffix refers
410	3) The sense of shwri as "insults" "offensive to 3'-1 "the letter".
411	words" is fixed by 8, 2 and by Pap. Bibl. Nat. 198, 2, 11) Hr lp-k, cf. 7,6; Sall. I11 8, 7; rather diffe-
412	recto 4; 6,2 below is very obscure. rently 5,7 end.
413	4) Is lit., "tied" "connected". 12) The author's expectations are deceived; Amene-
414	5) Pur, a kind of wine drunk by the servants mope gets others to help him with his letter.
415	cf. Anast. IV 16, 1 = Anast. III 8, 2; together with 13) Read m'unt, as is hinted by the variant of
416	frp and šdh, Anasl. IV 7,4; in the Golenischeff the Louvre Ostracon to 9, 1. For the word, which in
417	Vocabulary (7,7) next to hmd "vinegar". late texts is parallel to nhy and nd, both of thern
418	6) No new paragraph is marked in the original, meaning "protector", cf. Siul 3,3; Millingen 2,2;
419	but I have indicated one in the translation, since the Rec. de Trav. 4,131; Piankhi 124; Goshen 2, 1;
420	writer here passes on to review the way in which RocHes., Edfou I 278. 280. 542; II 39. 47.
421	he imagines Amenemope must have written his letter. 14) Kpw is a word used for men who, together
422	The first sentences are utterly obscure owing to with wh'w, bring tribute of wild fowl Harris I 12b, 6;
423	the lacunae. Hori finds to his surprise that Amene- 32b,9; 69,8; the title '3 n lpw, Pap. Bibl. Nas.
424	mope has taken other scribes to help him with his 203,4.5.6(= SPIEGELBERG, Rechnungen). - For
425	writing, having won their assistance by giving them *dr, in Hebrew +r5, see the references BuRcH. по. 303.
426	presents. From 6, 3 and the following lines it appears 15) The sense may be guessed to be "thou hast
427	that Amenemope's letter was in some way concerned enough helpers to compose a whole bench of judges
428	with the fetching of grain from the granary for the in a court of justice". A verb is perhaps lost after buk.
429	rations of the soldiers; here too Amenemope had 16) Psdy again in 9,2, and in the plural ny-co
430	proved his incompetence, his accounts being confused psdy parallel to ny-w 'dr "cheir helpers" in an ob-
431	and inexact. The last sentences of the section are scure context Petrie Ostracon 6 (a fragmentary bymn
432	difficult to understand. to Amon).
433	Gardiner.
p. 16
434	10* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
435	presentest them with gifts', each man separately, and they say to thee: "Take
436	heart, we will overcome him"". Thou standest perturbed(?)® .......... before
437	6,1 them(}); and they sit deliberating, the six scribes. Thou hastenest with them
438	... seven(?). Thou givest two sections(?) in charge to
439	each man, and completest thy letter again. [One] (scribe speaks[:]) praises, two
440	(utter\|:]) insults(})°. Another(.)' stands and examines them according to the rules.
441	(The fifth] says: "Do not hurry, be patient about it in making (it) perfect". The
442	sixth® hastens to measure the \|corn(t)]°; he exerts himself(:)"° to have it delivered"'.
443	6,5 The seventh stands at (his) side in the act of receiving the rations for the soldiers.
444	Thy lists" are confused, and cannot be made right. Kharofis plays the deaf
445	man and will not hearken. He takes an oath by Ptah' saying: "I will not let
446	the seal" be set upon the granary". He goes forth in a rage". By what
447	(number) of bushels is one short(?)"? (What[?]) is the loss of pints in it for
448	every measure': Behold" thou art a scribe in command of the army. Men
449	7,1 hearken to what thou sayest, thou art not disregarded?! Thou art clever as a
450	scribe, there is nothing thou dost not know! Thy letter is deemed too second-
451	1) Brk is akin to the Hebrew Mang, see BuRcH. 11) Šd is shown by the Pap. Rollin (Pap. Bibl.
452	no. 360 for references. Nat. 204. 205) and other documents to have been
453	2) I. e. probably Amenemope's rival, the author the technical term for "withdrawing" corn from the
454	of the book. granary; Sp, conversely, is the term for "receiving"
455	3) See above p. 9*, n. 8. it when withdrawn.
456	4) The sense may be "in order to get a seventh 12) For wp-wt "specifications" see GRIFFITH On
457	scribe". Without some such statement there would Pap. Kahun 9,2 and my own note Admonitions
458	be a curious contradiction between the mention of p. 48.
459	the six scribes in the preceding sentence and the 13) Hriw-f is the pretended name of the super-
460	naming of a seventh below in 6,4. intendent of the granary.
461	5) Sd-t is found again only in 7,8; the sense 14) Ptah is invoked as the "lord of Truth", cf. 8,4.
462	may be "columns", "pages", "sections" (cf. the German 15) Ht "a seal" (quite distinct from him
463	"Spalte"). "signet-ring") cf. Abbott 5,8; Inscr....hier. Char.
464	6) For hsy and shwri see above p. 9*, n.3; 18,6: Pap. Turin 51, 4; in demotic see SPIEGEL-
465	hr is possibly the common ellipse for hr dd (see BERG, Petubastis, index no. 314. The Turin passage
466	ErMAN, Aeg. Gramm." § 380). The different kind well illustrates what is here meant. After the govern-
467	of aid rendered by the seven scribes is here ment granaries had been opened, the proper official
468	detailed. Three apparently assist in the actual com- closed them again with his own seal, this serving as a
469	position of the letter, one suggesting complimentary token that he had cognisance of the proceeding.
470	things, and two supplying insulting or unpleasant 16) Hdn "to be angry", cf. below 28, 5; Unamon 1,
471	phrases (cf. 4,7.8 for the mixed nature of Amene- x+8;2,46; Pap. Bibl. Nat. 198, 2, 4; Max. d'Anii
472	mope's letter). A fourth scribe contents himself with 2,5; Pap. Brit. Mus. 10335 (Proc. S. B. A. 10, 44).
473	criticism, while a fifth is lavish of encouraging words. 17) G3b may have a somewhat similar sense
474	The sixth and seventh scribes busy themselves with below 7,1. The Turin Ostracon (O. I.) has lu-k
475	the practical task connected with the letter (see p. 9, g3b-l2 "art thou short" instead of lwiw g3b.
476	n. б), namely the fetching of grain from the granary. 18) This sentence is obscure grammatically.
477	7) P ky "the other" must refer to the fourth Leipzig Ostracon 2 deals with a complaint of the
478	scribe, but the presence of the definite article is workmen that the measure (1p-l omne) used for mea-
479	disconcerting. suring their rations showed a shortage of pints
480	8) For the formation of ordinal numbers with (hп-г).
481	prefixed p-nti, see SeTHE in A. Z. 38 (1900), 144—145. 19) The next sentences, down to "disregarded"
482	9) R at the end of the line should perhaps be are wanting in O. I.
483	omitted. Sd-twf in 6,4 shows that a word for "corn" 20) For wn "neglect" see SETHE, Einsetzung des
484	or the like is lost in the lacuna. Vesiers p. 21, n. 90. These sentences are of course •
485	10) The sense is guessed. ironically meant.
p. 17
486	Anastasi I 11*
487	rate(i)' to be listened to. Thou hast parted from(.) thy papyrus to no purpose"().
488	Thou didst enter" knowing beforehand(): "it is not good(); do not(i)' cause it to
489	be brought", saying: "the .....•... are continually ....... at my finger-
490	ends(t), like a book of incantations()) at the neck of a sick man®; it is con-
491	tinually .....•, it does not tire of being fastened by the thread' of my ring".
492	VI. The author reproves Amenemope's discourtesy.
493	7,5 I reply to thee in like fashion®, in a letter newly (-composed) from the first
494	word(t)°, down to the finis(?),filled with expressions ofmy lips invented by
495	myself alone, none other being with me. By the might of Thoth'! I made it
496	by myself, without summoning any scribe that he might help" I will give thee
497	more than()' twenty themes(?), I will repeat for thee what thou hast said, (every)
498	theme in its place, (from) the fourteen columns())Cof thy letter. Take for thyself()
499	a sheet of papyrus; I will tell thee many things, and will pour out for thee choice
500	8,1 words'. — The Nile spreads abroad (its) flood when(f) the inundation season is
501	bright(tt); it takes possession of the meadows". — All my words are sweet and
502	pleasant in the saying(?)'®; I do not act as thou dost when \|I] invoke(:) thee.
503	Thou startest with insults to me'; thou dost not salute me at the beginning of
504	thy letter. Thy words are far from me, they do not come near (me); for Thoth,
505	1) S-hri- seems to mean "to underestimate" 9) A corrupt word.
506	(causative from Iri-' "subordinate") in 8,7; 17,6. 10) K-r, only here.
507	Here possibly "to think inferior". Obscure in Pap. 11) Thoth is invoked as the patron deity of
508	Iurin 146, 11. scribes.
509	2) Very uncertain. G3b-li (so O. T.) may mean 12) The translation of the word mir in this text
510	"thou art bereft of", "short of", see p. 10*, n. 1%. For often gives difficulty. The root meaning appears to
511	kb cf. p. 9°, n.7. - O.I. here adds an obscure sentence. be "to be present"; secondary meanings are "to bear
512	3) The final sentences of the section are ex- witness", "to assist" (both in the English sense and in
513	ceedingly obscure, and my translation is merely ten- that of the French "assister") and even "to instruct".
514	tative. What may be meant is that Amenemope, 13) Di-l h3w » elsewhere means "to surpass",
515	though aware of the inferior quality of his writing, but there are no instances of this sense with the
516	yet boasts that he has his learning at his finger-tips, name of a person after the preposition. The trans-
517	and that it clings to him as closely as the magical lation here given is doubtful; "more than" ought 1o
518	charm round the neck of a sick man. be hiw hr, not hsw m.
519	4) Grammatically it would be also possible to 14) Sd-i, see above p. 10*, n. 5; the construction
520	translate "jt is not good that thou shouldst not cause of these words is not clear.
521	it to be brought", tm-h then being infinitive (see 15) One expects i-mh-tw m or i-mh nk m; see
522	SETHE, Verbum II § 587. But this gives no sense. Rec. de Trau. 27, 205.
523	Im-k may be the sdm-f form optatively used, a use 16) Stp-w, cf. 2,6; 5, 1.
524	perhaps confined to Anast. I; cf. 9,7(f); 13,4; 28,7. 17) The simile here abruptly inserted clearly
525	5) B-g and w-l-m are unknown words. alludes to the copiousness of the writer's eloquence.
526	6) Charms were often hung around the necks - The construction of bk 31-i is quite obscure. —
527	of sufferers; compare for example the directions given 'I3d-t cf. Eloquent Peasant B 1, 143; Tosb. ed. Nav.
528	in ERMaN, Zauberspr. f. Muller u. Kind 1,4; 8,2; 169,5; L., D. III 140b, 8; Dachel stele 12; MAR.,
529	9, 3. 7. Dend. I 61a.
530	7) Hs3, in Coptic qwc, cí. Harris I 13b, 3; 18) M dd usually means "to wil", and introducés
531	21a,8; 52b, 2. SpIEGELBErG gives an archacological a quotation; this seems hardly to be possible here.
532	illustration A. Z. 44 (1907), 123. 19) Lit. "thou dost begin against me with in-
533	8) Lit. "with the like of it", scil. of your letter. sults"; for shwri cf. p. 9, n. 3.
534	2*
p. 18
535	12* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
536	my god, is a shield about me. By the might of Ptah, the Lord of Truth, ....
537	........... Behold make thy words so that(?) they come to pass'; make
538	8,5 every utterance of thy mouth into every (kind of) enemy. (Yet[?]) shall I be
539	buried in Abydos [in] the abode® of my father; for I am the son of Truth in the
540	city of the Lord(:)® (of Truth). I shall be buried among my compeers(?) in the hill of
541	the Sacred Land. Wherefore am I (as) a reprobate in thy heart? Then visit(?) it
542	(upon me[i]). To whom have I recalled thee with an evil recalling?" I will make
543	for thee a volume® as a pleasant jest (so that) thou becomest the sport of
544	everybody
545	VII. Amenemope vilifies the author and is answered.
546	Again thou sayest (concerning me®): "Feeble" of arm, strengthless one"!
547	Thou dost undervalue" me as scribe, and sayest: "He knows nothing!" — I have
548	9,1 not" spent a moment beside thee coaxing thee and saying: "Be my protector13,
549	someone is persecuting mel?!" (By) the decree of the Victorious Lord, whose
550	name is powerful, whose statutes are firmly-established like (those of) Thoth; I am
551	the helper!* of all my fellow-men! Thou sayest, "Thou fallest(?)", again(?) concerning
552	me........ I knowl5 many men without strength, feeble of arm, weak of fore-
553	arm, lacking in power. And (yet) they are rich in houses, in food and sustenance,
554	and they speak no wish [concerning anything(?)\|". Come, let me tell to thee the
555	1) Note that w3 r hpr means "come to pass", letter" Pap. Leiden 369; Pap. Bibl. Nat. 198, 1, 19;
556	not "are far from happening", see Admonitions p. 53. the same word too above 4,8.
557	— If I grasp the drift of these sentences it is: "Do 7) O. I. and O. C. substitute "people rejoice
558	thy very worst, make thy words as hostile as thou at reading it (sdm "to listen to" someone reading
559	wilt; yet thou canst not prevent my being buried aloud, practically equivalent to our "to read") as it
560	in Abydos in the tomb of my father". It is significant were a sport."
561	that the name of the writer is Hori, and that of his 8) "Concerning me", so the ostraca.
562	father Onnofre. — The Louvre and Cailliaud ostraca 9) Lit. "broken".
563	(O. L. and O. C.) omit from "By the might of Ptah" 10) Shrt", see above p. I1*, n. 1.
564	down to "come to pass". I1) The ostraca have n(3) ¿y-y i. e. probably
565	2) Variant O. L. and O. C. "tomb". "have I spent?" - n(3) being the equivalent of in.
566	3) Anast. I has n-t nb, which can hardly here 12) M'unt, see above p. 9*, n. 13.
567	mean "every town"; I therefore take no as "lord" 13) Lit.: "another is hurting me". — 'I3d "to
568	and assume that M3'-t has been erroneously omitted. persecute", "hurt", actively, cf. Totb. ed. LEps., 162, 3;
569	O. L. and O. C. have "I am the son of Right (Truth)
570	in the island of the Righteous" i. e. Abydos, see 14) Psdy, see above p.9*, n. 16. The author
571	р. 7°, п. 1. seems to state that he was a helper of other men by
572	"then thou bringest it". The ostraca royal appointment. The wit of this passage is not
573	have wtsy-k wi, which suggests a similar meaning; very intelligible to the Western mind.
574	wts sometimes means "to inform against", "accuse", 15) Here begins a long descriptive passage where
575	see ERman's note on Westcar 12, 23. various persons with moral or physical defects are
576	5) The text of the papyrus is corrupt; O. L. named, who yet have attained to wealth and dignities.
577	supplies the true reading and, together with O. C., The implication seems to be that Amenemope, the
578	gives the variant "with evil words" for "with a bad royal scribe, is only one grade better than them.
579	recalling". SPIEGELBErG has dealt with the passage A. Z. 44
580	6) Shry seems to be the technical word for "a (1907), 123-125.
581	papyrus"; so gsll hn' shy-l, "palette and papyrus" 16) Cf. for example Urk. IV 61; here however
582	Decree of Haremheb, 13; shr-t 1 s-t "a papyrus- there is not room for r ht no in the lacuna.
p. 19
583	Anastasi i 13°
584	9.s likeness of the scribe Roy, who was called the firebrand()' of the granary. He
585	never moved" and never ran since (the day of) his birth. He detested the work
586	of an active man, and never (came to) know it. And (yet) he rests in the Amente,
587	his skin whole, and the dread of the Good God® overtakes him not. Thou art
588	more())foolish* than(?) Kasa, the reckoner of cattle*. Run(ii), for(i)I will tell
589	theehis likeness;do not).............. Thou hast surely heard the
590	name of Amen-wah-se, an old man in [the] Treasury. He passed his lifetime as
591	controller in the workshop beside the armoury' Come let me tell thee of Nakht,
592	10,1 him of® the wine-store; he will please thee ten times better than these. Let me
593	tell thee of P-har-pide who lives in Heliopolis; [he is an old] man of the Palace.
594	He is smaller (than)"° a cat, and bigger than an ape; he prospers in his house
595	and.........., (while\|?]) thou wilt be here in the stable for ever(:)". Thou
596	hast heard the name of Ke-sop(?), the .......(?)", who moves over the ground
597	unnoticed', disorderly(?)" of attire and tightly swathed'. If thou wert to see
598	him at evening in the darkness, thou wouldst fancy him a passing bird. Put
599	10,5 him in the scale and see how heavy he is. He will come out' at ten pounds
600	or even lighter still". If thou blowest beside him as he passes, he will drop
601	down far off like a leaf of foliage'. If I tell thee of Wah, him of the cattle-
602	1) M-k, a ixağ reyóuevor. 8) Mì nk, abbreviated for mi sdd-i nt, cf.
603	2) Km(3), the Coptic ssu, only here in late- Anast. III 5,9 = Anast. IV 9,7; also mi nh y,
604	Egyptian. Florence Ostracon 2619 = A. Z. 17 (1880), 96. —
605	3) Lit. "the dread of the Good God did not take P-n for p(3)n cf. below 10, 6; p-n Hi3, Sall III
606	him away". "The Good God" is a constant epithet 4,7. In a neuter sense p-n si nb "every man's
607	of the reigning Pharaoh. It is probably meant that share" below 17,7; p-n 'Imnhtp "the feast uf Ame-
608	this lazy official is now safe from the resentment nothes" Ostr. Queen's Coll. Oxford.
609	of the king his master. 9) P-hri-pdt as proper name, cf. Anast. VII
610	4) Swg is the Coptic coo."stultus", "insanus", 7,5; Pap. Bibl. Nal. 204 col. I,11 (quoted by
611	see GRIFFITH, Rxlands Papyri, p. 232 note 12 for SPIEGELBERG).
612	the demotic equivalent. In late-Egyptian, cf. swg- 10) Emend y my.
613	tiun mi 3paw "ye were senseless as geese", MaR., 11) R sw is perhaps the equivalent of a swe
614	Karnak 52, 17; nhn swg, lwll 1l-f "a witless child, in Demotic; cf. Pap. mag. 13,9; I Kham. 3, 33;
615	without a father", Mellernich stele 196. 170 (also 171. II Kham. 2,7; 6, 2. However THoMpsoN points out
616	201 not so clearly); mš swg "a foolish expedition", that all the Dem. instances are in negative sentences.
617	Unamon 2,23. 22. The comparative "more foolish"
618	is here doubtful. Oase 16, 32.
619	5) In the papyrus the verse-point precedes p hsb- 12) S-h-k, an unknown word.
620	thw instead of following it; but as all the other names 13) The Berlin ostracon (O. B.) shows how the
621	quoted in this passage are accompanied by titles, it ambiguously-written verb in Anast. I is to be under-
622	is probably misplaced. Hpt perhaps imperative of stood.
623	the verb studied in BrugscH, Wörlerb.949; Suppl.811. 14) Š-(n)r-1, only again in 24, 1-2; perhaps "to
624	6) I-n(r)-1 an unknown word; 1-r-), differendly be ruffled", originally of hair.
625	spelt, occurs in the sentence "do not sin (? 1-r-h) 15) Bnd, corruptly written ban below 28,3; cf.
626	against (m) an aged man or woman when they are Tolb. ed. LEPs. 163,16; Pap. Turin 137,8. O.B.
627	old" Petrie Ostracon 11. Burchardt's identification has here the more appropriate determinatives.
628	with n'o "pardon" (no. 1155) gives no suitable sense. 16) Pr, cf. 11,3; SpiEG. further quotes Urh.
629	7) Hps, cf. below 26, 4; Anasi. IV 11,2; eise- IV 119.
630	where only in the titles "overseer of the workshop 17) Wỉ3-lu', see my note A.Z.47 (1910), 134-136.
631	(hm-f) of the armoury of Pharaoh" Pap. Bologna 18) G3b „leaf" is the Coptic Ewbe, Boh. swbs.
632	1094, i,3; and "scribe of the workshop of the ar- Dbw is a rarer word with similar meaning, preserved
633	moury of Pharaoh" ibid. 1,9; 3,5; 4,1; 5,1; 7,10. in Sah. Tooßeg (SpirG., Rec. de Irau. 26,37).
p. 20
634	14* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
635	stalls, thou wilt reward me with thrice refined(?) gold'. I swear by the Lord
636	eicaur (of Khmün" and Nehem-awayt, thou art strong of arm, thou wilt overthrow them®. Let [them(t)] be examined, these(}) with those. I will smite them with
637	my arm, [nor shall any turn(?)\|' aside my hands. — Good Sir6, my friend, who
638	dost not know what thou sayest, I solve thy riddles; arduous things I make easy!
639	VIII. The writer mocks at Amenemope's pretended wisdom.
640	11,I Thou art come furnished with great secrets. Thou tellest me a proverb
641	of Hardedef®, and knowest not whether it be good or bad; what chapter comes
642	before it.......? Thou art one clever beyond his fellows; the lore of books
643	is graven in thy heart. Felicitous is thy tongue; broad are thy words. One
644	saying from thy mouth weighs more than three pounds. Thou.. ' to me
645	in order to frighten me(:)® My eyes are dazzled(:)" at what thou doest; I am
646	11,5 agape(.)"° when thou sayest: "More profound" as scribe am I than heaven and
647	earth and the netherworld; I know the (measure of the) mountains in pounds and
648	in pints." The house of books is hidden, it is not seen"?; its divine cycle is
649	shal l ansaer thee: Beware lest thy fingers approach the hicroglyphstm. So say concealed and .... Tell me what thou knowest (of them). Then
650	I: "..... ...as when ....... sits to play draughts"".
651	IX. The writer vindicates his title to the name of scribe. • ctlach
652	Thou sayest to me: "Thou art no,scribe, thou art no soldier! Thou (alone)
653	makest thyself out to be one in authority(?)15! Thou art not on the list16!?
654	12,1 — Thou (forsooth) art a scribe of the king, one who enrols the soldiers. All the
655	1) F3 m "to reward with", cf. d'Orbiney 14, 8; 11) Md as verb, cf. Piankhi 72.
656	15,5. - SPIrG. compares no n sp 3, Harris I 78, 5. 12) Hf is frequent in Greek times for "to see",
657	2) I. e. Thoth, cf. I, 2 and note thereon. e. g. Mar., Dend. I 43b; II 6oc; in earlier texts
658	3) Sarcastic comfort seems here to be offered here only.
659	to Amenemope; such rivals at least as these he will 13) In reality, the writer argues, Amenemope
660	be able to overcome. knows nothing of the profound mysteries into which
661	4) Emend nn srwi? - The meaning of this he claims to have been initiated. He will therefore
662	sentence is very obscure. do well to refrain altogether from meddling with the
663	5) Mi-pw, a mode of address found again below hieroglyphs.
664	14,8; 18, 1; 26,9; and Anast. III 4,4. Doubtless 14) The last words of this passage (not under-
665	rightly explained by PieHL, Proc. S.B.A. 13, 239—240 stood by me when the text was autographed) should
666	as derived from mi-pw "who is it?" The word is be emended to hó sn-t, cf. Totb. ed. Nav., 17,2.
667	used like the Arabic lb. The complexities of the art of letters are compared
668	•6) A royal prince of the age of Mycerinus re- with those of the game of draughts.
669	nowned for his wisdom and literary achievements. See 15) For iry-k tw m "thou dost represent thyself
670	ERMAN, Die Märchen des Papyrus Westcar I 18—19. as", cf. 20,4, and the variant of O. I. to 6,5. - It
671	7) H-n(r)-t, only here. is very tempting to restore vi-hri after m, but the
672	8) R sndw-t, cf. above 5,4. traces are against this.
673	9) Dat, unknown word. 16) Hr wll, see my Inscription of Mes, p.17.
674	10) K-f, only here; perhaps connected with the — With the next words lr mntk Horis rejoinder
675	obscure word g-f, Anast. V 7,2. begins.
p. 21
676	Anastasi 1 15*
677	....(.)' of heaven are open before thee. Haste thee to the place fof the]"
678	books, that they may let thee see the chest with the (registers)", taking an offering
679	to H-r-s* that he may quickly disclose(t) to thee my()) reputation®. Thou wilt
680	find my name upon the roll as officer® of the great stable of Sese? miamun. Thou
681	wilt bear witness to the command in the stable (which I hold), for provisions(:)®
682	are entered° in my name. So I have served as officer! So 1 have been a
683	12,5 scribe! There is no stripling of thy(?) generation who can measure himself with
684	me". Let a man inquire from his mother! Hie thee" to my superior officers,
685	that they may declare to thee my reputation.
686	X. An imaginary competition in which the writer's superiority is proved.
687	Again thou sayest concerning me: "A high ... tree" is "before thee; enter
688	thou into the difficult(:) ...... tree; thou canst not do it!" Enter thou in before
689	me, and I will come after thee. Admit(i), thou hast never approached it, nor
690	canst thou(:) draw nigh to it". If thou discoverest the inner part of it', I have
691	13,1 retreated (still further). Beware of laying hands on me in order to pull me out.
692	XI. The writer is again accused 1,of being no true scribe.
693	Thou sayest to me: "In very sooth" thou art no scribe; it is a vain" and
694	empty name. Thou bearest the palette wrongfully', without being... …"()"
695	- I am foolish(:)2 [and without a(:)\| teacher. Tell me(:) the ...
696	1) A word for "secrets" (?); the determinative reliefs ..... zu karlsruhe 7; Sphint stele 11;
697	does not suit "gates". Leipzig Ostracon 8.
698	2) Or ! s-l [s3w] sšw "the place of the [keepers] 12) It must be assumed that hirw, if this be the
699	of the books. original reading (see critical note), was the name of
700	3) 'Imi-rnf seems a fairly certain conjecture. a lofty tree difficult to climb. Here there is a figura-
701	4) This name, which belongs to an imagined tive competition between the two scribes, to see which
702	"keeper of the books", is not found elsewhere. of them can penetrate farthest into the midst of the
703	5) Smi-i, without the possessive article, is found tree (the branches?). In idiomatic English it might
704	below in 12,6. The sentence might run; wn-f nk be said that they are trying to test which of them
705	can get nearer "to the top of the tree". The arti-
706	several words are doubtful. The sense however is ficiality of the long-sustained metaphor makes it
707	obvious. difficult for a modern reader to appreciate.
708	6) This title, of which the reading and the exact 13) Hn occurs several times thus obscurely before
709	meaning are unknown, occurs in the Golenischeff a negative, cf. Anasi. IV 13, 1; Mar., Karnak 55, 77;
710	Vocabulary (3,10) between the "armour-bearer" (13y the sense is not by any means certain.
711	h'w) and the "groom" (-y-l); for other instances 14) These words are omitted in the Turin
712	see p. 21a, note gm. Another hieroglyphic instance Papyrus (P. T.).
713	Brit. Mus. 321. 15) Lit. ( "if thou findest its interior". Variant
714	7) The shortened form of the name Rameses; P. T. "if thou art found in its interior".
715	the most recent discussion is that of voN CALICE, 16) 'I(w0)n(3), Coptic all, has here its original
716	A. Z. 46 (1909), 111. emphatic meaning, cf. A. Z. 41 (1904), 130.
717	8) D-p-o-f, an unknown word. 17) Kb, see above p. 9%, 1. 7.
718	9) Lit. "are in writing". 18) M d31(w)-f only here; for d3-8 see A. Z. 42
719	10) Emend s!ni-f y l'w-l as in 28,2; and cf. l! (1905), 58.
720	sin-f " !m-k "who can compare himself to thy 19) Dn, a difficult and rather uncertain word,
721	Majesty" , MaR., Abyd. II 54,11. cf. Rec. de Trav. 16, 129; Leipzig Ostracon 23, recto.
722	11) I!, cf. Paheri 5: Nav., Deir-el-Bahari 89; 20) H-n (03-in-ỉw), cf. Israel Stele 14; possibly
723	Amherst Papyri 20, IV; WIsDEMANN, Aeg. Grab- also R., I. H. 144, 46-47.
p. 22
724	16* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
725	.... ... able to exhaust(?)' me(?). Thou dost harness? thyself against me yet
726	again. Thy sayings do injustice; they will not be hearkened to. Let thy letters®
727	be taken before Onüris*, that he may decide for us who is in the right; do not
728	be angry®.
729	XII. Two instances of the incompetence of Amenemope: in the supplying
730	of rations for the troops, and in the building of a ramp.
731	13,5 Another topic. Behold I am come full of thy office; I cause thee to
732	know how matters stand with thee® when thou sayest: "I am the scribe, com-
733	mander of soldiers". There is given to thee a lake to dig. Thou comest to
734	me to inquire concerning the giving of rations' to the soldiers, and sayest to me:
735	"Reckon it out". Thou desertest thy office; the (task of) teaching thee to per-
736	form it falls upon my shoulders®. Come, I will tell thee more than thou hast
737	14,1 said(?). I will cause thee to be abashed(:)°. I will disclose to thee a command
738	of thy Lord, since thou art his royal scribe, (since) thou art despatched to convey1
739	great monuments for Horus, the Lord of the Two Lands. For thou (in sooth)
740	art the clever scribe who is at the head of the soldiers! - There is made" a
741	ramp of 730 cubits, with a breadth of 55 cubits, consisting of 120 compartments(?),
742	filled' with reeds!s and beams, with a height ofl 60 cubits at its summit, its
743	1) Pnk "to draw water", or "to bale" water out 9) H-n(r)-g only here with the determinative of
744	of a boat, the Coptic nwir; cf. BorcHarDt, Baug. evil; with that of weariness, cf. "there is none who
745	d. Amonstempels 41; Eloquent Peasant B 1, 94.278; drives his horses(?) into his neighbourhood; every
746	Totb. ed. Nav. 99,24. Here probably in a meta- land is abashed (? hn(r)g) by his power (m1 k3-f)"
747	phorical sense. The determinative in the papyrus DE MorGAN, Cat. d. Mon. I 7 (I owe the example
748	seems to be borrowed from pr. to M. DÉVAUD). Whether this word is akin to h3g,
749	2) Lit. "yokest thyself". h-r-g "to be pleased", "content", is not clear; for the
750	3) P. T. has the variant "my letters", which is per- latter cf. Rifeh, tomb 7, 10. 26; MAr., Abyd. I 29;
751	haps better; Hori is rebutting an attack upon himself. RocHeM., Edfou I 74; cf. 2loo and the reduplicated
752	4) Onüris receives the epithet wd' m3'-t "ad- form h3g3g.
753	judicating the truth" on a late stele Leiden VLDJ 4; 10) P. I. reads "thou art sent beneath the
754	and a Thinite temple mentioned in Harris I 57, 11; (Royal) balcony with regard to all kinds of goodly
755	6ra, 3 bears the name "Rameses judging Truth (wd" works, (when) the mountains are disgorging (read
756	m3-l) in the house of Onuris". hr le, cf. Hood 1,2) great monuments" etc.
757	5) For tm-h optatively, see p. 11*, n. 4. 11) At this point there begins the description
758	6) Lit, "I cause thee to know thy condition" of one of three engineering problems by which
759	(shr, "way", "plan", "condition"). Amenemope's vaunted skill is to be put to the test
760	"ratiomn) (e 6, a) is not yei estabhined, vo 8e se and proved non-existent. The technical details are discussed in the Appendix that follows the trans-
761	cannot easily be connected that of the stem spd, and lation.
762	it appears to me almost certain that the word is a 12) Anast. I rightly mị, masculine, agreeing with
763	derivative of di "to give", since the three hieroglyphic st3; P. I.mh-li, which could only agree with r-g-t.
764	examples known to me (Tyzor, Tomb of Sebeknekht "Filled" here means "provided with", "containing";
765	7, 13 [collated]; Urk. IV 64; Decree of Haremheb, the literal sense must not be too closely pressed.
766	right side) write it with the old triangular sign for 13) G-5, in Coptic Hauy (the exceptional equi-
767	di. SETHE however points out that the signs for valence g = k should be noted), cf. Anast. IV 1b, 3;
768	spa and di are occasionally interchanged in the 13, 11; 14, 7 (= Koller 5, 8); Harris I 19b, 10; 72, 1;
769	18th Dynasty, and quotes Urk. IV 240 as an instance. MAR., Dend. IV 39, 151.
770	8) Hr nhbl-i "upon my neck"; in the same 14) M ky "with a height of", followed by a
771	metaphorical sense cf. NEWBERRY, Rekhmara 2, 12. genitive, cf. Harris I 59, 2.
p. 23
772	Anastasi I 17*
773	middle of 30 cubits, its batter(?) 15 cubits, its base(i?) of 5 cubits. The quantity
774	of bricks needed for it is asked of the commander of the army. All the scribes
775	14.5 together lack knowledge among them()). They put their faith' in thee, all of
776	them, saying: "Thou art a clever scribe?, my friend! Decide for us quickly!
777	Behold thy name is famous; let one be found in this place (able) to magnifys
778	the other thirty! Let it not be said of thee that there is aught that thou dost
779	not know! Answer us (as to) the quantity of bricks needed! Behold its measure-
780	ments() are before thee; each one of its compartments(?) is of 30 cubits (long)
781	and 7 cubits broad".
782	XIII. Amenemope is unable to determine the number of men required
783	in the transport of an obelisk of given dimensions.
784	15,0 Come, good sir, vigilant scribe, who art at the head of the army; distin-
785	guished when thou standest at the great Palace-gates, comely when thou bowest
786	down beneath the Balcony®! A despatch has come from the crown-prince' at
787	R'-k3® to rejoice the heart of the Horus of Gold, to extol(?) the raging Lion(F)°,
788	telling that an obelisk" has been newly made, graven with the name of His
789	Majesty, of 11o cubits in length of shaft; its pedestal 10 cubits (square), the block
790	at its base making 7 cubits in every direction; it goes in a slope(?) towards the
791	15.5 summit(?), one cubit and one finger(}); its pyramidion one cubit in height, its
792	point(:) (measuring) two fingers. Add them together()}) so as to make them
793	into a list()')", so that thou mayest appoint every man needed to(*) drag
794	them, and send them to the Red Mountain". Behold, they are waiting for
795	1) Mh ib only here exactly in this sense; but 7) Rp'st in the New Kingdom is as a rule the
796	the phrase is used of having confidence in something designation of the Crown-prince; convincing examples
797	asserted or believed; see my Inscription of Mes are d'Orbiney 19, 2. 6; Harris I 42,8; Pap. Turin
798	р. 15, п.23. 17, 1, 102, 2, 9; Inscr. dédic. 44.
799	2) Variant P. I. "thou art keen of wit". 8) R' probably here means "district of" or the
800	3) I. e. able, by solving the problem, to save like. A canal or branch of the Nile named K3 is
801	the reputation of his colleagues. - Gm with object, mentioned on several wine-jars from the Ramesseur,
802	closely followed by y with an infinitive, is an idiom viz. SPIEGELBErG, Hier. Ostr. nos. 209. 217. 218. 269.
803	with various slight shades of meaning e. g. "to find 289. 292. In the last-quoted instance K3 is connected
804	someone able", "ready", "competent" to do something. with "the water of Ptah", which is found in a list of
805	Cf. below 23,2; 28,8; Pap. Leiden 370, recto 16; canals etc. appended to the Catalogue of Lower Egyp-
806	Anasl. V 9,4; 17,7; Turin Lovesongs 1, 14. tian nomes (see BRUGsCHl, Dicl. Géogr. 239); bur that
807	4) Htlw might mean either (1) "pedestals", the word k3 in the same list (op. cit. 1271) is no
808	"steps", or (2) "threshing-floors"; neither of these geographical name seems fairly clear. For the loca-
809	senses is here suitable. What we clearly need is a tion of K3 note that the Red Mountain is implied
810	word for "measurements", and perhaps the original in 15,6 to have been the quarry where the obelisk
811	reading was ny-f l3y "its measurements"; for l3y cf. was made; this is the Gebel Ahmar near Cairo, see
812	DAREssy, Ostraca 25262 (Cairo); Pap. Iurin 7%, 1 my Noles on the Story of Sinuhe, on B14-15.
813	(omitted in facsimile). 9) I. c. the Pharaoh. Probably we should read
814	5) Amenemope makes no answer, and the sub- r swh m3l nin; for swh with a direct object see
815	ject is dismissed in silence. Admonilions p. 28.
816	6) Sid, worut fenestra; see HÖLSCHER, Das 10) For the technical words see the Appendix.
817	hohe Ior von Medinet Habu, p. 49-50 for a good 11) A very difficult and uncertain sentence.
818	archaeological illustration. 12) See above n. 8.
819	Gardiner. 3
p. 24
820	18* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
821	[them]. Prepare(?) the way for(:) the crown-prince Ms-itn. Approach(:) and decide
822	for us the number of men who (shall go) before him. Let them not have to write
823	again! The monument (lies ready) in the quarry. Answer quickly, do not
824	dawdle®! Behold thou art seeking them* for thyself! Get thee on°! Behold
825	16,1 thou art bestirring thyself()®. I cause thee to rejoice; I used formerly to......
826	like thee. Let us join the fray together?, for my heart is tried, my fingers are
827	apt and clever® when thou goest astray. Get thee (onwards)"! Do not weep!
828	Thy helper! stands behind thee! I will cause thee to say: "There is a royal
829	scribe with the Horus, the Victorious Bull", and thou shalt order men to make
830	chests into which to put letters". I would have written for thee stealthily(??) 1
831	16,5 but(t) behold thou art seeking it for thyself". Thou settest my fingers........"
832	like a bull at a festival at every festival of..........
833	XIV. Amenemope proves himself incapable of supervising the erection
834	of a colossus.
835	It is said to thee: "Empty' the magazine that has been loaded with sand
836	under the monument of thy Lord which has been brought from the Red Mountain.
837	It makes 30 cubits stretched upon the ground, and 20 cubits in breadth, ......
838	-ed with 100(*:) chambers' filled with sand from the river-bank. The ...
839	of its(:) chambers have a breadth of 44(f) cubits and a height of 50 cubits, all
840	17,1 of them, .......... in their.........."1 Thou art commanded to find out
841	what is before (the Pharaoh)(*) '8. How many1° men will (it take to) demolish
842	1) Sin (written like, but a totally different word therefore knows how to cope with such difficulties. Is
843	from, sin "to hasten") means "to wait" cf. Sinuhe skw, see Admmitions p. 20; n sp is the Coptic Пcon.
844	R 21; Sphinx stele 11; sin n "to wait for" cf. 8) Lit. "hear (understand) cleverness".
845	ď'Orbiney 3, 1; Anast. IV 5, 1; Pap. Jurin 136, 2; 9) ErMAn rightly emends ims-lu as in 15,8.
846	68, col. 3, 3.12; Pap. Leiden 345 verso G 4, 2. 3.4.7. 10) For 'dr see above p. 9*, n. 14.
847	2) If the sentences are here rightly divided, 11) The meaning perhaps is that Amenemope,
848	Îmi w3-1 must mean "prepare the way" for the crown- having found a helper, not only loudly exclaims that
849	prince, who would be unable to start without the Pharaoh possesses in himself a competent royal scribe,
850	men who are to drag the obelisk from the quarry. but even goes so far as to order the boxes into which
851	But it is not certain that hn "approach" is here an his letters are to be put. - The suffix -sn makes
852	imperative; n might be equivalent to in, and hn it necessary to emend the plural pdsw "boxes".
853	predicate "make way, the crown-prince approaches". 12) H-y-1-1 only here.
854	But the meaning would then be very obscure. 13) See above 15,8, and I. 4 on this page.
855	3) 'Intnt "to linger", "to hesitate", see A.Z.45, 14) Nsns, âxağ Leyúuevov. Here again the sense
856	is utterly obscure.
857	4) Them, i. e. the number of men required; 15) For the mode of erection contemplated see
858	or, the solution of the problem. the Appendix.
859	5) Ms reflexively Westcar 10, 12; Turin, stalue 16) Smm see above p. 9*, n. 2.
860	of Havemheb 15; R., I. H. 223 = Sall. III 7,6; in 17) D3y, twhw (t) and sg3 are unknown words.
861	the imperative as here, cf. Pyr. 586. 645. 1657; 18) It is hardly possible to translate differently,
862	RocHEM., Edfou II pl. 30 c; Le., D. IV 57 a. but my rendering gives no satisfactory sense. M 63h
863	6) Read ms-k i (}); for similar corruptions see seems to be used in reference to ascertained dimen-
864	the critical note p. 36a, note .5f. sions in 14,8.
865	7) The writer appears to be offering his help, 19) Wr, Coptic orup, cf. below 27, 8; Anast. V
866	alleging that he himself was once in similar straits and 20,5; Ünamon I, x + 15.
p. 25
867	Anastasi I 19*
868	it' in six hours — (ifl:])" apt are their minds(:), but small their desire to demo-
869	lish it without there coming a pause when thou givest a rest? to the soldiers,
870	that they may take their meal' - so that the monument may be established in
871	its place? It is Pharaoh's desire to see it beautiful!
872	XV. Amenemope fails to make proper provision for a military expedition.
873	O scribe, keen of (wit), understanding of heart®, to whom nothing what-
874	soever is unknown, flame® in the darkness before the soldiers, giving light to
875	them! Thou art sent on an expedition to Phoenicia(?)? at the head of the victorious
876	army, in order to smite those rebels who are called Neârin®. The troops of
877	soldiers who are before thee amount to 1900; (of) Sherden 520(}), of Kehek
878	17,5 1600, of Meshwesh (100())°, Negroes making 880; total 5000 in all, not coun-
879	ting 1 their officers. A complimentary gift" has been brought for thee (and set)
880	before thee, bread and cattle and wine. The number of men is too great for
881	thee, the provision' (made) is too small for them: loaves of..... four1s , 300;
882	cakes", 1800; goats of various sorts, 120; wine, 30 (measures). The soldiers are too
883	numerous, the provisions are underrated" as compared with(*) that which thou takest
884	of them. Thou receivest(?) (them, and) they are placed in the camp. The soldiers are
885	prepared and ready. Register them quickly, the share ofi every man to his hand.
886	The Beduins look on in secret!?.O sapient scribe", midday has come, the camp is
887	hot. They say19: "It is time to start"'! Do not make the commander" angry!
888	Long is the march before us!" But I say: "What means it, that there is no(??)
889	18,‹ bread at all"? Our night-quarters are far off! What means, good sir, this scour-
890	1) Hm doubtless originally "to demolish" a wall ; elsewhere linked together as the Ms. reading suggests;
891	"to force open" a tomb, cf. Pap. Amherst2, 2; Mayer hence a number may have fallen out of the text. See
892	B 9: elsewhere chiefly metaphorically, e. g. Pyr. 311. p. 29a, note 4C.
893	Cf. Coptic SouSeu confringere. 10) W13-tw, see A. Z. 47 (1910), 134-136.
894	2) The difficult words that follow seem to refer 11) From the stem bbwi; BuRcH. no. 871.
895	to the likelihood that the workers, though competent, 12) Nht "provisions", an exceptional sense of
896	will show themselves unwilling to work for six hours the word found again Anast. IV 13,12.
897	continuously without a break for a meal; in cal- 13) Kmh, an ancient Egyptian word related to
898	culating the number of men required this factor must Hebrew пop; BurcH. no. 984.
899	be taken into account. 14) 'I-p-t, from MDk "to bake", BuRcH. no. 39.
900	3) Rdit srf n, Sphinx stele 6; FRAsEr, Scarabs 15) S-hri-, see above p. 11°, n.1.
901	263, 14; Decree of Haremheb 25; ibid. right side 10; 16) P-s, see above p. 13°, n. 8.
902	cf. cpeje otiari. 17) M 13w(1), Coptic iissore furtim, cf. below
903	4) The word '3 only here. 20,4; Anast. IV +, u1.
904	5) Wli 1b, see A. Z. 45 (1909), 136. 18) Iwo Semitic words, which in Hebrew would
905	6) For the metaphor cf. L., D. Il i5oa, 4 (Ham- be 5799 900.
906	mamat). 19) The reading is uncertain; sec p. 29a, note 16i.
907	7) All translators have here emended Rhn, Ham- 20) F3 "to start", cf. 20,1.
908	mamat, but the context demands the name of a well- 21) Is pd-t, cf. Mar., Abydos I 53; Ros., Mon.
909	known country in the direction of Syria. For my conjec- Stor. 1 125.
910	ture D3hi see the note on the reading p. zga, note 1 b. 22) M kf is elsewhere found at the end of
911	8) N='-y-n, brnyy "warriors", a sense that is negative sentences for emphasis (like in all), cf. 27, 3;
912	found in the O. T. Sec BurcH. no. 559. Anass. IV 13,5; Anasl. V 7,8; 17,%. Hence the
913	9) The Meshwesh and the Negroes are never conjecture on here.
914	3*
p. 26
915	20* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
916	ging of us? Nay, but thou art a clever scribe! Approach to give the food'!
917	An hour? becomes(?) a day without the scribe from(?!) the Ruler. <What means(?!))
918	thy being brought to punish us? This is not good; let Mose? hear (of it), and
919	he will send to destroy thee!" Louth thoupht
920	XVI. Amenemope's ignorance of Northern Syria.
921	Thy letter abounds in pointed speeches(?)*, is overloaded with big words.
922	Behold they will(?) reward thee with that which they demand(?!)"; thou hast piled
923	up (words) at thy good pleasure® "I am a scribe, a Maher", thou dost retort.
924	18,5 (If) there is truth in what thou sayest,say I°, come forth that thou mayest be tested.
925	A horse is harnessed for thee, swift as the jackal red of ear"; it is like a storm
926	of wind when it goes forth. Thou loosest the reins", and seizest the bow. Let
927	us see what thy hand will do! I will expound to thee the manner of a Maher,
928	I will cause thee to see what he does. Thou hast not gone" to the land of
929	Khatti; thou hast not beheld the land of Upe'. As for H-d-m, thou knowest
930	1) Mhw "food", cf. Anast. IV 13,12; 17,6; context and (in one case) the determinatives render
931	Pap. Kahun 40, 29; Pap. Turin 69, col. 1,9. the meaning certain.
932	2) The construction and the sense of the next 8) 'In-n "I say" (lit. "we say"') can stand either
933	two sentences are highly problematical. before or after the words quoted; after, cf. above
934	3) In Salt 2,18 the word Msy seems to be 11,7; Pap. Bibl. Nat. 198, 2, 12; before, here 17, 8
935	used as an appellation or nickname of the Pharaoh; and Pap. Bibl. Nat. 198, 3,16.
936	so too perhaps here. — This is the passage in which 9) Srs "to be swift", cf. Urkunden IV 697; Pap.
937	LAUTH sought to find the name of Moses. Turin 26 col. 3, 6; late examples Mar., Dend. I 46b;
938	4) N-s-h, see Br., Wörterb. Suppl. 658, where III 28 h; 52p; Düм., Geogr. Inscr. IV 123. — The
939	the Coptic Awrc "pungere" is compared. jackal as an image of speed, cf. L., D. III 195a. —
940	It is not clear whether the epithet "red-eared" refers
941	sayings", "pungent sayings", seems a likelier meaning
942	than "coupures", the rendering of CHaBas, or "para- to the horse or the jackal. 10) Hnr "reins", see BurcH. no 727.
943	graphes", that of BRUGSCH. 11) CHaBas translates this and the numerous
944	5) This obscure sentence may possibly mean: sentences of similar type in the next pages inter-
945	thou hast piled up big words in a reckless manner, rogatively, "n'es-tu pas allé" "n'as-tu pas vu", etc.
946	and must now accept from me the retort which they Brugsch rightly animadverts on this mistake in his
947	seem themselves to ask for. Fk3 means "to reward" article in the Revue Critique; though it must be
948	(to be distinguished from fk3 "to pluck", see the admitted that the blending of the denials that Amene-
949	note on Koller 2,8); here perhaps fk3-w tw should mope has ever been in Syria with the descriptions
950	be emended. of what would Have happened to him if he had been
951	6) Lit. "as thou didst wish". there is very misleading. The most conclusive evi-
952	7) The word m-h-y, which is found frequently dence that the sentences in question are negative
953	in the next pages of Anastasi I but nowhere else, statements, intended, like many of the preceding
954	must be the technical name given to the Egyptian sections, to demonstrate the ignorance of Amenemope,
955	emissary in Syria. The derivation from 9n? "speedy" will be found in the clauses "thou answerest me
956	suggested by CHaBas (p. 81) is very uncertain, but neither good nor evil, thou renderest no report", 27, 2;
957	has not been bettered. If "speedy" were the etymolo- "thou hast never trodden it at all (m kf)" , 27,3;
958	gical sense one might expect the determinatives of "thou hast never seen them since thy birth", 27,7
959	movement. The determinative of the child, which (cf. 9,5); notice particularly the italicized. words.
960	in some instances precedes or replaces that of violent ERMAN (Agypten 510 foll.) was mistaken in returning
961	action, is borrowed from a word for "suckling" (cf. to CHABAs' view.
962	DE MORGAN, Cat. des Mon., I 117, a 1; Rec. de Trav. 12) 'I-p is a land situated at the northern ex-
963	18, 162) that is itself derived from a word meaning tremity of H3rw (Syria), Damascus being one of its
964	"to provide with milk" discussed by PIEHL, Sphinx towns. Identical with Ube of the Amarna letters,
965	IV 12-14; thence too comes mhr "milkman" in cf. E. MEYER, Festschrift f. G. Ebers, p.71. See
966	Hood 2, 13 = Golenischeff Vocabulary 2, 12, where the too KNUDIZoN, El-Amarna-Tajeln, p.I10-11II.
p. 27
967	Anastasi I 21*
968	not the nature of it, and Y-g-d-y in like manner! What is the D-m-r(i)° of
969	19,1 Sese like? On which side of it is the town of Ur...." What is its
970	stream' like? Thou hast never set forth to Kadesh® and to D-b-h®. Thou
971	hast not gone to the region of the Shosu with the troops of the army Thou
972	hast [not] trodden the way to the M-g-r®, (where) the sky is dark by day, and
973	it is overgrown with cypresses(?)° and oaks" and cedars that reach the heavens;
974	(where) lions are more plenteous than leopards" and hyenas"(:), and (it) is girt
975	about with Shosu on (every: side. Thou hast not climbed the mountain of S-w'.
976	19,5 Thou hast not trodden (the road(?))", thy hands placed upon
977	thy chariot worn" by ropes, thy horse being dragged(). Prithee let [me tell
978	thee of]......-b-r-41°(:). Thou shrinkest from(?) its ascent, and crossest its
979	stream because of it(?). Thou beholdest how it tastes to be a Maher!"! Thy
980	chariot rests upon thy [shoulder(?)\|. Thy [assistant(:)] is worn out®. Thou makest
981	1) Unknown localities. gies see MAsPERO, l. C.; it is uncertain whether p(3)
982	2) M. MUILER (O. L. Z. I 382-3) reads "the is here the article or not.
983	d-m-r of Sese" i. e. of Rameses II; this he would 9) The wood of the tree wn-i was used for
984	separate from the Simyra near Arvad (Urk. IV 689), making "staves" (030) cf. Mallel1,7; Pap. Turin 2,9.
985	as too far north for a fortress of Rameses Il, and 10) 'I-n(r)-s "oak" yiss, BurcH. no. 76.
986	accordingly he identifies it with the Şumur of the 11) R3by should not be misread as d3by; this
987	letrers of Ribaddi, which WiNcKLEr conjectured to would be an impossible spelling for 97 "bears",
988	be much nearer to Byblos. The present tendency is which Max MüLLer still upholds, As. u. Eur. 8g.
989	to identify Şumur with Simyra, the modern Sumra
990	on the Nahr el Kebir, rejecting WINCKLErs view (see 12) Him-l only here, below 20, 7, and in the very
991	Knudizon, op. cil. 1141). If d-m-y is the right late text BruGscH, Rec. Il 71,4; in the last instance
992	with a dog-like determinative. CHaBas unwarrantably
993	reading, as is probable, it must be understood as
994	Simyra. identitied him-t and ht-l, 2oire. I retain the rende-
995	ring "hyena" for want of a better.
996	3) CHaBas here read H-y-b; Aleppo, but wrongly;
997	see p. 3oa, note 17l. 13) S-w, identified by Max MÜLLER (As. u. Eur.
998	4) Hd is surely not "ford", but "stream" 199) with a peak of the Lebanon called Saua in an inscription of Tiglat-pilesar. BUrCHARDt considers
999	(BrUGSCH rightly "courant"); it is clearly derived
1000	this phonetically impossible.
1001	from the verb "to flow down", "to sail downstream".
1002	14) Emend bw dgs-le (swo) or (w03-8.
1003	Elsewhere only as name of a canal, Berlin 15393
1004	(Saitic stele); MAR., Dend. I 66b. 15) Shid lit. "beaten".
1005	5) Probably Kadesh on the Orontes; so MAspERo, 16) H3-my may be compared with 13n3 my 27, 4.
1006	Rec. de Trav. 19, 68-72, where the entire context My, below 20,8; 21,5; 22, 1.7; 27,4, is clearly the
1007	is discussed. Max MüLLer rejects this view, perhaps enclitic particle discussed Admonilions p. 105. The
1008	only for the reason that Kadesh occurs again below place-name -b-y-i cannot be Berytus, as MAsPERO
1009	22, 4, and identifies Kadesh here with the Galilaean would have it, on account of the unintelligible traces
1010	town of that name, Kidsa in the Amarna letters preceding, which must belong to the word.
1011	and perhaps the first name in Thutmosis III's 17) H-f-d, here apparently an active verb with
1012	Retenu list (Uvh. IV 781); see As. u. Eur. 173. the meaning "to fly from something in terror", is
1013	MAsPErO's theory is far preferable; all the identi- doubtless the Hebrew IDM; BurcH. no. 675 gives the
1014	fiable names in this passage are in the far North word a wrong meaning. Perhaps in the sense "terror"
1015	of Syria. "dreadfulness", CHaMP., Mon. 228 (collated).
1016	6) D-b-l (Urh. IV 781,6) is M3D (II Sam. 8,8, 18) Lit. "the taste of a Maher"; for the metaphor
1017	LXX), the Tubihi of the Amarna letters; probably see Admonitions p.4I.
1018	a little S. of Damascus, see Max MULLER, Die 19) Sense perhaps: thou hast to support thy
1019	Palástinaliste Th. III p.9 chariot.
1020	7) Pd-t ms, cf. 17,4. 20) Whs, cf. 25, 6; Anasl. III 4,3 (- Anass. V
1021	8) P-m-g-r, unknown; for suggested etymolo- 9,1 corrupt).
p. 28
1022	22* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1023	a halt in the evening'; all thy body is crushed and battered(?)"; thy [limbs]
1024	20,1 are bruised(:)" from sleep*. Thou wakest, and it is the hour for
1025	starting® in the drear(}) night. Thou art alone to harness (the horse); brother
1026	comes not to brother. A fugitive(??)° has entered into the camp. The horse has
1027	been let loose?. The ........ has turned back(?)® in the night. Thy clothes
1028	have been taken away. Thy groom has awoke in the night, and marked what
1029	he has done(?)®; he takes what remains and joins (the ranks of) the wicked,
1030	he mingles with the people of the Shosu and disguises himself'° as an Asiatic.
1031	20,5 The enemy comes to pillage" in secret. They find thee inert. Thou wakest
1032	up and findest no trace of them"; they have made away" with thy things. Thou
1033	art becoming a fully-equipped" Maher, thou fillest thy ear(?)*s.
1034	XVII. The Phoenician cities.
1035	I will tell thee of another mysterious city. Byblos1 is its name; what is
1036	it like - and its(:) goddess, once again? Thou hast not trodden it. Come
1037	teach me" about Berytus", and about Sidon' and Sarepta®. Where is the
1038	1) Lit. "proceedest to stop"; for spr as an 10) See above p. 14*, n. 15.
1039	auxiliary verb cf. Anast. IV 9,11; Anast. V 10,7. 11) Š(3)d(}), probably "aui "to be violent", "to
1040	- Wh' perhaps properly "to stop", "leave off" violate", see BurcH. no. 893.
1041	work, so Paheri 3; derivatively, "to return" from 12) For ' "trace" cf. Anast. V 20, 4; obscure
1042	work, so d'Orbiney 4, 3; R., I. H. 248, 85: wh' L., D. III 140d, 5.
1043	m ruh3 also, in a somewhat similar sense, d'Orbiney
1044	13) Rmn only once again in this sense, Urh.
1045	4,7; 13,7.
1046	2) Hdhd, only here in this sense; cf. Urk. IV III 106; cf. mnmn.
1047	710 for hahd in a quite different sense. 14) Sabh "to furnish" "equip", cf. Anast. IV
1048	3) Wš(3)wš(3), cf. Boh. oreщorwug-, properly 12, 6 = Anast. V 3; Anast. IV 13, 10 = Koller 5,8;
1049	"to bruise" "crush", cf. Anast. IV 9,7 = Anast. III Anast. IV 16 verso, 6; Harris I 77, 9.
1050	5, 9; Anast. V 10,7 = Sall. I 3,9; derivatively "to 15) The m of mh-k m msdr-k is perhaps to be
1051	break" "smash", see below 26, I; then "to break omitted; see Koller 3,2. The sense may perhaps
1052	open", Mayer A, recto 3, 4; unpublished Turin be: thou art listening attentively, and gradually acqui-
1053	papyrus = Spieg., Zwei Beiträge, p. 12. ring the experience of a Maher.
1054	4) I now believe that the word inm (sic ?) is on 16) For Byblos and its goddess Hathor see
1055	a misplaced fragment. The restoration of the passage especially SEtHe's article, A. Z.45 (1908), 7-14.-
1056	is quite obscure. The list of Phoenician towns is in correct geogra-
1057	5) F3 in this sense, see above 17,8. phical order from North to South.
1058	6) N-h-r elsewhere (R., 1. H. 143,41) means 17) Mir-i my y also 21, 5; 22, I. 7; the infinitive
1059	"to flee" and is probably connected with Semitic 73 here probably replaces the imperative, see SETHE,
1060	"to flow". Here the feminine article t3 is incomprehen- Verbum II § 566. Mtr y "to instruct" someone
1061	sible, and the sense is obscure. about something, cf. Anast. IV 14,8; Decree of
1062	7) It "to untie" "loose", cf. Pup. Turin 23, 6; Haremheb,right side, 5.
1063	33, 9; 73, 10; Israel stele 6; Harris 500 recto 4,8;
1064	Vatican Magical Pap. = A. Z. 31 (1893), 122. 18) B-v-l, Berytus, be-ru-ta in the Amarna
1065	8) Htht-(tw), the pseudoparticiple *hethot; it is tablets; only here in Egyptian texts, see BurcH.
1066	no. 366.
1067	tempting to render "has been ransacked", comparing
1068	дoTgт: SoTSeт, but no evidence for this meaning 19) D-d-n, Sidon, 19793, mentioned also Una-
1069	is forthcoming in late-Egyptian. mon 1, x + 24.
1070	9) 'Iy-nf can hardly be meant for "what 20) D-y-p-l, MD"I, Zapenra, Sariptu of the Taylor
1071	has been done to him", cf. 18, 7; the sense is cylinder of Sennacherib, on the high road between
1072	obscure. Tyre and Sidon. In Egyptian only here.
p. 29
1073	Anastasi I
1074	21.1 stream of N°(-n'? What is 'lt like: They tell of another
1075	Tyre-the-port" is its name. Water is taken over to it in boats,
1076	in fishes than in sand. L..
1077	+ o] Cumel —ery"
1078	XVIII. Places further southwards.
1079	I will tell to thee another misery* — the crossing of
1080	wilt say: "It burns more than a (hornet-)sting"!" How ill it goe
1081	Come, set me on the road southward to the region of Acco(:)
1082	21.5 road of Achshaph®: Beside(?) what city (does it pass): Pray
1083	the mountain of Wsr?; what is its peak like? Where is the mount
1084	Who..............: The Maher - where does he make
1085	" Hazor"? What is its stream like: Put me íon the route tr
1086	22,1 and D-g-r-êl', the playground" of all Mahers. Pray teach me
1087	Make me behold Y'-n-...°! If one is travelling to '1-d-mm-m
1088	the face! Do not make ime(:): withdraw()'5 from thy teachir
1089	know them!
1090	1) The stream of N-!-n can only be the Nahr geographical order. Almost
1091	el Kasimiye, i. e. the lower courses of the Litâni, no place could more appropr
1092	see MasPEro, Hist. Anc., II p. 6, note 6; the identi- for which '-k-n is doubtless
1093	fication of the name N-l-n with Litâni is however known localities in this sectio.
1094	open to serious objections, see MAx MULLER, As. u. with the exception of Hazor.
1095	Eur. 185. 8) It is probable that "
1096	2) 'I-1 (BurcH. no. 190) is Uzu in the Tyrian of 1-k-s-p (Urk. IV 782,40),
1097	series of the Amarna letters; ED. MeyEr, Encycl. of Asher; see BuRcH. no. 16
1098	Bibl. col. 3733, accepts Prasek's identification with Bibl. 3733) identifies '-R-s-p
1099	Palaetyrus. particularly attractive suggesti
1100	3) D-r, often in Egyptian (BurcH, дo. 1227), the near neighbourhood of
1101	is "3, Tipos. The island of Tyre lies about a mile s =y is however open to ser
1102	from the shore and lacks both water and vegetation. 9) Unknown name.
1103	For the translation "Tyre-the-Port", see MAx MÜLLER, 10) S-k-m, evidently the
1104	As. u. Eur. 185, note s. ment, see MAx MULLER, As.
1105	4) Ip-ksn only here; but tp is used with various it is Mount Ebal that is mea
1106	adjectives in a similar way, cf. up-n/r, sp-mir, sp-ró, "1) H-d-r clearly corres
1107	(BURCH. nO. 709) and to H
1108	5) The locality D-y^-m (the final m may well Tablets. This town was situ
1109	be a corruption of n[3]) is compared by MAx MULLER Merom, not far from Kedest
1110	with nons Lapao of Judges 18,2; Joshua 19,41, which was in Dan. This seems too far south for the Thutmosis III is thought to 12) H-m-t here and ir
1111	context. De RouGt (quoted by BruGscH in the of the Sea of Galilee, see MAx
1112	Critique) cleverly suggested that there is here a pun liste Thulm. IIl, p. 11; Bur
1113	upon the word My?! "hornets"; see next note. 13) I ts-f swlwt lit. "the
1114	6) Ddb "to sting" is not elsewhere determined
1115	swlwl means "to walk for pl
1116	with the sign for fire; but ddm, demonstrably only "make an excursion"'
1117	another form of the same word, is so determined
1118	suggestion mentioned in the last note is brilliantly Pap. Turin 133,12. Thus DE RovGt's ingenious has been compared withtl 14) 'I-d-m-m (cf. 'I-t-m
1119	confirmed border between Benjamin and
1120	7) The word "gouthward" shows that the writer Die Palăstinaliste Thutm.
1121	is following, or at least intends to follow, some 15) Utterly corrupt; em
1122	23*
1123	city in the sea,
1124	and it is richer
1125	D.r:-m' Thou
1126	s with the Maher!
1127	?. Where is the
1128	teach me about
1129	ain of Shechem"?
1130	: the journey to
1131	H-m-t"', D-g-p°
1132	about his road.
1133	", whither turns
1134	ig, lead me(:) to
1135	immediately after Tyre
1136	ately named than Acco,
1137	a corruption. All the
1138	1 lie to the S. of Carmel
1139	-A-s-p is a misspelling
1140	. e. Susx on the border
1141	3. E. MEYER (Encycl.
1142	with g'iik; this is a
1143	on, since Achzib is in
1144	Acco; the equivalence
1145	ious objections.
1146	D=b of the old Testa-
1147	u. Eur. 394; probably
1148	nt.
1149	ponds to Hebrew 99sn
1150	1-2u-ri of the Amarna
1151	ated near the waters of
1152	L.
1153	i the Palestine list of
1154	e Hammath non south
1155	MULLER, Die Palástina-
1156	сн. no. 678.
1157	place of promenading";
1158	asure" "io promenade"
1159	m in the list of Th. III)
1160	/udah; see Max MULLER,
1161	ПII, p. 15.
1162	nd shnhr-i(?).
p. 30
1163	24* Literary Texts of the New,Kingdom
1164	XIX. Various other towns visited by the Maher.
1165	Come let me tell thee of other towns, which are above(??)' them. Thou
1166	hast not gone to the land of I-h-s, 1-w0-r-m-v-n", T-m-n-t", Kadesh", D-p-r®,
1167	22.5 I-d-y", H-v-n-m". Thou hast not beheld Kirjath-anab and Beth-Sepher? Thou
1168	dost not know 'I-d-r-n®, nor yet D-d-p-t°. Thou dost not know the name of
1169	H-n(r)-d'° which is in the land of Upe", a bull upon its boundary, the scene of
1170	the battles of every warrior. Pray teach me concerning the appearance(?) of
1171	K-y-n'; acquaint me with Rehob's; explain Beth-sha-el" and T-v-k-el'. The stream
1172	23,1 of Jordan", how is it crossed?
1173	Cause me to know" the way of crossing over to Megiddo which
1174	is above it(:?)1 Thou art a Maher skilled in the deeds of the brave°! A
1175	Maher such as thou art is found (able) to march(?)2 at the head of an army! O
1176	1) Hry is perhaps corrupted from the form of tified with modern Düra, to the S. W. of Hebron in
1177	the preposition hr used before the suffixes -in and Southern Judaea.
1178	-sn; a difficult phrase ntỉ hr-f again below 23, 1. — 9) Cf. the name D-d-p-l-r in the Sheshonk
1179	The places here mentioned appear to range from list (34); otherwise unknown.
1180	the North of Syria to the extreme South of Pa- 10) Unidentified.
1181	lestine. 11) See above p. 20*, n. 12.
1182	2) T-h-s is very frequent in Egyptian texts; 12) K-y-n is very probably identical with Kn
1183	Tah-si of the Amarna letters, where it is mentioned in the Annals of Thutmosis III (Urk. IV 655..657),
1184	together with the land of Ube, see BurcH. no. 1128. near Megiddo, the Gina of the Amarna letters; see
1185	3) Unknown name. MAx Müller in Encycl. Bibl. col. 3547. - The
1186	injured word for "appearance" (or "statue" ??) is read
1187	4) T-m-n-t is surely not hazh in Judah; for
1188	while of the seven names here given four are un- sdi by BruGscH and compared, probably wrongly, with the late word sdd (Wörterb. 1357).
1189	known, the other three are N. of Damascus.
1190	5) Kdš is Kadesh on the Orontes, see especially 13) R-h-b is sin? in Asher, often mentioned in
1191	Egyptian texts; see BurcH. no. 628, and Max MULLER,
1192	BREASTED, The Battle of Kadesh, 13-21. A Kadesh
1193	As. u. Eur. 153.
1194	was mentioned above in 19, 1, see p. 21*, n. 5. 6) D-p-r, a town stormed by Rameses II, pro- 14) Byf-s-ir, a bx-w-na, often named in hiero-
1195	bably quite close to Kadesh, see MAx MULLER, As. u. Euv.221; BREASTED (Ancient Records III 159) places occurs next Rehob, as here, in the Sheshonk glyphs, see BurcH. no. 388; not localised, but it
1196	it further south. list (16).
1197	7) The Ms. has Kirjath--n-b and Beth-1-f-y. 15) Unknown; it is tempting to transpose and
1198	read k-y-l-ir i. e. a bx-nimp; so CHaBAs, bul see
1199	MAx MÜLLEr (As. u. Eur. 170) formerly proposed
1200	to interchange Kirjath and Beth in these names, since MAx MüLLER, As. u. Eur. 175, footnote.
1201	"D0-79P (so LXX rightly) is mentioned in con- 16) Y-y-d-n, in Hebrew "7"", only here; the
1202	junction with 3!? in Joshua 15, 49. However DARESS Y word ought to have the determinative of water.
1203	reads Kirjath-'-n-b(w) in a list of foreign names at 17) See the critical note.
1204	Abydos (Rec. de Trav. 21,2), where MarIette read 18) Ntż hy-f can hardly be translated "which is
1205	Kirjath-'-n-l(w); and Max MüLLer himself has found upon it", since Megiddo is not on the Jordan, while
1206	Kirjath--n-b-w in a palimpsest list at Karnak (Re- the writer's knowledge of Palestinian geography was
1207	searches I 57,14). There can be little doubt, in any evidentiy admirable. On the other hand to render
1208	case, that the same places are meant as are referred "qui est en outre de cela" (CHABAs), comparing nli
1209	to the passage of Joshua; these are situated in the hry-sn 22, 3, is a very bold expedient.
1210	hill-country of Judah. 19) Pré-ib, cf. 26, 9; Anast. II 3, 6; Sall. II
1211	8) For 1-d-y-n the i-d-y-m of the list of She- 10, I. 9.
1212	shonk (19) and b?ging have been compared, see 20) S-g here only: - For the idiom gm y see
1213	BuRcH. no. 201. The Adoraim of the O. T. is iden- above p. 17*, n. 3.
p. 31
1214	Anastasi I 25*
1215	Mariannu', forward to shoot(?)! Behold the ....... is in a ravine' two thousand
1216	cubits deep, filled with boulders® and pebbles®. Thou drawest back(?), thou
1217	graspest the bow, thou dost.......... thy left hand, thou causest the great
1218	3.5onestolokWheireyesaregood,hyhadgrowweak)ST2
1219	Thou makest the name of every Maher, officers of the land of Egypt". Thy
1220	name becomes like (that of) A-d-r-d-y, the chief of "I-s-g", when the hyena" found
1221	him in the balsam-tree". - The(:) narrow defile' is infested(?) with Shosu con-
1222	cealed beneath the bushes; some of them are of four cubits or of five cubits,
1223	from head(??) to foot(?), fierce of face, their heart is not mild, and they hearken
1224	not to coaxing. Thou art alone, there is no helper(?)" with thee, no army1
1225	24,1 behind thee. Thou findest no ...... 1 to make for thee a way of crossing.
1226	1) M-r-j-n, a word found often in Egyptian spite of BurcHardt's objections, that the last word
1227	texts in reference to Syrian "warriors" (BURCH.nO.470). is br? "pleasant" "delightful".
1228	The translation "lords" seems to me erroneous, 11) Without emending it is impossible to trans
1229	though doubtless the warrior-class was held in high late otherwise; nb cannot here mean "lord".
1230	honour in the small Syrian states. This translation 12) 'I-s-r (mentioned among South-Palestinian
1231	is probably due to the old etymology from Aramaic names under Sethos I, L.., D. IIl 140a) is probably
1232	870 (CHABAS); another Semitic derivation that has the tribal name -ýx; see E. MEyEr, Die Israeliten
1233	been proposed is from m92 "to be contentious" und ihre Nachbarstämme, p. 540.
1234	"rebellious". WINcKLEr has recently found the word 13) Him-t, see above p. 21°, n. 12.
1235	in the form mariannu in the tablets from Boghaz- 14) Bki, Hebrew xay, only here (BurcH. no. 374).
1236	koi, and boldly connects the word with the Vedic 15) Hitherto it has been customary to connect
1237	márya "man" "hero" (Ov. Lit. Zeil., 13 [1910), hr t3 g3w-t and what follows with the preceding
1238	291-298). Both here and in 28,i it is apparently simile, which then only ends with swnwn-w in 23,8.
1239	parallel to m-h-r (Maher). This view is untenable for several reasons: (1) the
1240	2) N hv-k, cf. 15,8; 24, 1; cf. tọo Düm., Hist. first sentence of the simile ("when the hyena found
1241	Inschr. II 47,4 and the passages quoted by GRIFFITH, him in the balsam-tree in the narrow defile, infested
1242	Proc. S. B. A. 19,298. N hr-in ys is used as an with Shosu concealed beneath the branches") is
1243	exclamation "forward!" in Piankhi 95 breathlessly long and gives no good sense; the
1244	3) A corrupt word with the® determinative of presence of the Shosu would diminish, rather than
1245	land; probably from the stem n'. - It seems neces- increase, the dangerousness of the hyena; (2) the
1246	sary to delete the preposition hy after mik. words "some of them" are incompatible with the
1247	4) S-d-r-t only here and in 24, 3; the approxi- singular word "the hyena" in the text of Anast. I.
1248	mate sense seems certain. The difficulty is at once solved by the omission of
1249	5) Dl-wl only here and 24, 2. hr before 13 g3w-t; from this point onwards it is the
1250	6) The word '-n(r) is the Coptic ad, see BURCH. journey of the Mahar in the mountainous pass (g3w-/
1251	no.270.274. also in the sequel 24,6) that is described, not the
1252	7) S-w-b-b is thought to be sarp "to turn back" adventures of the prince of Asher. The statement
1253	(BURcH. nO.768), though neither determinative nor "some were of four cubits or five cubits" (i. e. 6 foot
1254	sense seems very appropriate. The word cannot be ro inches to 8 foot 6 inches) now refers to the Shosu,
1255	identified with 330, as CHaBAs supposed. as with due allowance for Egyptian exaggeration it well
1256	8) P-y-1, an unknown verb. may do; and the words "they do not listen to coaxing"
1257	9) Wrw nfr (sic) is usually divided from what obtain a more natural and less metaphorical meaning.
1258	follows; thus Enwan translated "go ermüdet ihr Auge 16) Whether the suggestion jnd in the critical
1259	auf deiner Hand". But gnn is not used of the eye, note is correct remains quite uncertain. For the
1260	nor does it mean "to grow tired"; and the preposition (collective?) form rd-yó i have no parallel.
1261	hr wouldbe strangely used. Probably Ior should 17) For d-r the context clearly demands some
1262	be omitted; for gnn di-h cf. Koller 5, 3; R., I. H. word for "helper", and I propose"d-v, comparing
1263	241,43. 16, 2; "ng "messenger" is not appropriate.
1264	10) So BURCHARDt (under no: 32), who proposes 18) D-b-f, the Hebrew a9g; cf. 37, 1 and BuRcH.
1265	as the meaning of these words "thou slayest like a no. 1207.
1266	lion, o.... Maher". Whether the remainder of this 19) 'I-y-f-v; an unknown word; the sense required
1267	translation be correct or not, it seems probable, in is "guide" or the like Burca. no. 93 differently.
1268	Gardiner.
p. 32
1269	26* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1270	Thou decidest(?) (the matter) by marching onward', though thou knowest not the
1271	road. Shuddering(?) seizes thee®, (the hair of) thy head stands up(?)3, thy soul
1272	is in thy hand. Thy path is filled with boulders and pebbles*, without a passable
1273	track (.!), overgrown with reeds® and brambles', briers(?) and wolfs-pad®. The
1274	ravine" is on one side of thee, the mountain rises(?)"° on the other. On thou
1275	24,5 goest jolting(?)", thy chariot on its side. Thou fearest to crush(?)" thy horse. If
1276	it be thrown towards the abyss(?)", thy collar-piece(?)"is left bare(?), thy girth(?) s
1277	falls. Thou unfastenest the horsel so as to repair" the collar-piece(?) at the top of
1278	the defile. Thou art not expert in the way of binding it together; thou knowest
1279	not how to tie(?)' it. The ........." is left where it is; the chariot is too
1280	heavy to bear the load" of it(?). Thy heart is weary. Thou startest trotting(?)"!.
1281	1) Wd3-vi-lw appears to be a compound verb \| Since in the latter passage a two-horse chariot is
1282	construed as a pseudoparticiple; for pseudoparti- envisaged, whereas our text only refers to a chariot
1283	ciple and p. sing. absolutely cf. "h-iw 5,6; snd-tw with one horse (an interesting point, as one-horse
1284	24,4; in any case the sense is clear. N hr-k, see chariots are rare in Ancient Egypt, see WILKINsoN,
1285	р. 25*, п.z. Ways and Manners [ed. Birch], II p. 234), it seems
1286	2) D-n-n may be connected with js "to be clear that the singular here must point to some
1287	cold"; cf. for the construction 13y-k p isdd 24,8. portion of the vehicle directly connected with the
1288	3) Š-n(r)-f see above p. 13*, n. 14. horse. This cannot be the "pole" or "shaft" ('), nor
1289	and 6. 4) For ah-wt and "-n(r) see p. 25*, notes 5 yet the "yoke" (nhb); possibly the "saddle" or "collar- piece" is meant. When it is said that this is "un-
1290	5) A desperate guess. covered" "left bare" it may be meant that the leather
1291	padding (m-š-y cf. 26, 6) is torn off. K-w-š-n might
1292	6) 'I-s-b-y, also Sall. I 7,5 as a tall kind of then be "the girth", which would naturally fall
1293	reed, probably a species of bamboo; the common simultaneously. The horse has then to be extricated
1294	related. word for "whip" (BurcH. no. 134) is obviously from the chariot in order that the "collar-piece" may be mended; this is "tied" or "lashed" on to the
1295	7) K-d, Hebrew jip, see BurcH. no. 955. yoke (?). This explanation however is purely con-
1296	8) The plants n-h "the dangerous" and tbw?- jectural.
1297	wnš "wolf's-sandals" are not named elsewhere. 15) K-w-s-n only here; see last note.
1298	9) S-d-y-t, only in 23,3 above. 16) Nif "to untie" "loosen", cf. Israel stele 6;
1299	10) Read here the verb h; with a postu- Pap. mag. Harris, verso A6; Pap. Turin 18 + 73, 1.
1300	lated word 'li "cliff" the construction would be - Htri here and below seems to mnean the horse
1301	awkward. and chariot combined, whereas ssm-t is the horse
1302	11) H-s-k-t, to judge from the determinatives alone.
1303	a verb of motion, only here. 17) Smim "to slay" makes no sense; emend
1304	12) Mdd "to press", here possibly of crushing sm wi "renew".
1305	the horse against the side of the mountain; a less x8) G-W-l-n, only here and in Koller 3,2 -
1306	probable rendering would be "to press forward" Anast. IV 3, 1, an obscure passage where the object
1307	"urge on". is p-t-y "threads".
1308	13) Without emendation this sentence can only 19)'Inkfkt-t, only here.
1309	mean: if the horse be let slip at the edge of the chasm. 20) "Chariot" is here hiri, i. e. horse and chariot
1310	It is clear from what follows that the horse is not •combined; 3lp-si probably means "to load it" (the
1311	pictured as completely lost over the precipice, but ink/kf-t) in the chariot, my rendering above being
1312	as having slipped and broken part of its harness. For a paraphrase.
1313	21) F3 reflexively, cf. d'Orbiney 6, 3; 10, 6; 13, 1;
1314	is used. Sall. I 2, 11; NEWBERRY, Amherst Papyri 21, 1, 2;
1315	14) D-l, a part of the chariot, to which something the idiom is preserved in Demotic and Coptic see
1316	made of leather was attached, cf. 26, 6; named also in SpIEGELBErg, Pelubastis, Index, p. 22*, footnote. -
1317	"the d-t (plural) of thy chariot are Anat and Astarte" Inin only here; Anast. IV 8, 8 has tulf apparently in
1318	Edinburgh, Poem concerning the chariot, verso 12. a similar sense.
p. 33
1319	Anastasi 1 27*
1320	The sky is revealed'. Thou fanciest" that the enemy is behind thee; trembling
1321	25,1 seizes thee?. Would that thou hadst a hedge* of...... to put upon the other
1322	side! The chariot is damaged(?)° at the moment thou findest a camping-place(?).
1323	Thou perceivest the taste' of pain! Thou hast entered Joppa®, and findest the flowers
1324	blossoming® in their season. Thou forcest a way in(?)...... 1° Thou
1325	findest the fair maiden who keeps watch over the gardens. She takes thee to
1326	25.5 herself for a companion, and surrenders to thee her charms. Thou art recognized,
1327	and bearest witness (against thyself\|?]). Thou art dismissed(?)" from (the rank
1328	of) Maher. Thy shirt of fine linen of Upper Egypt, thou sellest it. Tell me
1329	how(??)' thou liest every night, with a piece of woollen cloth(?)' over thee. Thou
1330	slumberest, for thou art worn out". A........' takes away thy bow, thy
1331	knife for the belt'® , and thy quiver". Thy reins have been cut in the darkness.
1332	Thy horse is gone and is speeding(??)" over the slippery ground'. The road
1333	26,r stretches before it. It smashes" thy chariot and makes thy ..... "; thy
1334	weapons fall to the ground, and are buried(?)" in the sand; they become desert(?).
1335	1) Lit, "the sky is opened"; the Maher emerges pierce", Anast. III 6, 9.. SETHE objects to the word
1336	from the narrow thickly-wooded defile. MAsPERO on grammatical grounds and emends ws!» (Verbum
1337	(in the Éludes dédiées d Leemans, p. 4-6) rightly Il § 195). The crux lies in the last words of the
1338	identifies the defile (g3w-l) here described with that sentence, which look like n wnm "of eating". The
1339	mentioned in the Annals of Thutmosis III as in the preceding sentence has however nothing to do with
1340	vicinity of Megiddo; it is the Wady el Arah, a wooded fruit (see last note), and it is rather doubtful whether
1341	pass that would be the natural haunt of brigand wnm "eating" should be read, as the same group
1342	Beduins. occurs below in 28, 5, where any reference to cating
1343	2) 'Ib, see above p. 9*, n. 9. seems out of the question.
1344	3) Lit. "thou takest the terror"; for the con- 11) Wd' "to sever"; wd mal only here.
1345	struction and the use of the definite article, cf. 24, I. 12) Corrupt words.
1346	4) 'Inb seems to be simply the word for "wall" 13) S-g only here; the determinative suggests
1347	in a specialized sense. It is impossible to connect wool.
1348	Inb here with the plant inbt mentioned Eloquent 14) Whs, see above p. 21°, n. 20.
1349	Peasant R 26 = Butler 12; Ebers 21, 17; 83,7. 15) Hmy is apparently subject, but is puzzling; it
1350	5) H'k literally "to shave"; apparently the cannot be a fitting of the chariot (cf. Kuller 1,4), unless
1351	chariot is damaged at the very moment when the ly-k hmy-t be emended; i!3 would then be passive.
1352	Maher is about to stop for the night. 16) Sft n lintw, here only.
1353	5) For the temporal sentence gm-l sdry (pro- 17) 'I-s-p-t, Hebrew nDzs, see BuRcI. 10. 137.
1354	bably read sdry-l, cf. sdr-t 18, 1) without a retro- 18) I3 m-r-! is probably an idiomatic expression
1355	spective pronoun governed by a preposition cf. above for "to speed" or the like. M-x-f cannot be the word
1356	17,1-2. for "groom" for several reasons: 1) the first radical is
1357	7) On this metaphor see p. 21°, n. 18. differently spelt, cf. 1, 8; 20, 3; 2) the definite article is
1358	8) Y-p, Hebrew 15", ia-pu in the El Amarna wanting; 3) !3 would require an object, which is lacking.
1359	letters; BuRcH. no. 215. 19) H-r-k-l, Hebrew mp'n, only here.
1360	9) GoODwIN translated "thou findest the fruit 20) W$(3)W5(3), see above p. 22°, n. 3.
1361	trees blooming in their season"; 3h3h is "to bloom", 21) Corrupt words.
1362	but could not possibly refer to the ripeness of fruit. In 22) I(t)ms "to cover" or "bury" is undoubtedly
1363	Anasi. IV 12,8 (1) 34 (this reading seems more pro- the same word as ims in the sentence "bury your
1364	bable than $3, see the analogous word "field" and staves in it" (scil. "the barley"), Pap. Rylands IX
1365	SPIEGELBEnG's notes Rec. de Trau. 24,180-2) does 11,5; and both are clearly identical with тwuc "to
1366	seem to mean "fruit", but everywhere else it signifies bury". The derivation of the latter from sm3-83
1367	"flowers" (e. g. MaR., Karnal 34,28; Urh. IV 462), seems to rest on nothingbut the similarity of
1368	which suits the verb 3h3h far better. meaning; and it is difficult to save this etymology
1369	10) Win is usually "to make a breach in a wall" by assuming that ims is a variant spelling of sm3-13,
1370	cf: Abbotl a, 13. 1%; DaREsSY, Osiraca 2526g; "10 metathesis having already occurred.
p. 34
1371	28* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1372	Thy.....begs the.... •..thy mouth': "Give (me) food and water, for I have
1373	arrived safely". They turn a deaf ear, they do not listen, they do not heed® thy
1374	tales. Thou makest thy way into the armoury"; workshops surround thee*; smiths
1375	26,5 and leather-workers® are all about thee. They do all that thou wishest. They
1376	attend to thy chariot, so that it may cease from lying idle. Thy pole® is newly
1377	shaped(?), its ......... are adjusted. They give leather coverings(?)° to thy
1378	collar-piece(?) 1° .. They supply" thy yoke. They adjust(?) thy...." (worked)
1379	with the chisel(?)" to(t) the... ...." They give a....... (of metal)" to
1380	thy whip'6; they fasten [to] it lashes". Forth thou goest quickly to fight on the
1381	open field, to accomplish the deeds of the brave'®!
1382	XX. The first stations on the Syrian high-road. End of the Controversy.
1383	Conclusion.
1384	27,1 Good sir, thou honoured scribe, Maher cunning of hand, at the head of
1385	the troops", in front of the army®, [I will describe to] thee the [lands] of the
1386	extremity of the land of Canaan". Thou answerest me neither good nor evil;
1387	thou returnest me no report. Come I will tell thee [of many things(??)]; <turn(?)>
1388	1) Difficult and corrupt words. 13) The usual phrase for "worked with the
1389	2) Hn "to heed", see SETHE, Die Einsetzung chisel" is 13(w) m bsn-t, cf. Harris I 6, %. 9; 47, 3. 4.
1390	des Veziers, p. 21, note 91. T3(w) m 13 bsn occurs Koller 1,7, where as in
1391	3) Hpš, see above p. 13*, n. %. the present passage it is hard to explain.
1392	4) Ka "to surround", cf. especially Anast. 14) M-h-t occurs (with determinative of wood)
1393	IV 12,4. once again Anast. IV 16, 12, where it is a part of
1394	the chariot adorned with metal; the meaning is un-
1395	5) Ib-w properly "sandal-makers". known.
1396	6) The " is certainly the "pole" of the chariot 15) 'I-1-m-y, only here.
1397	(also in the case of a single-horse chariot doubtless 16) 'I-s-b-r, see BuRcH. no. 134.
1398	the double shafts); for the pole particularly good 17) M-l-d-i, only here.
1399	wood was selected, cf. Koller 2, 1; the pole comes 18) Py:-lb, see above p. 24*, n. 19.
1400	from Upe, Anast. IV 16, ı1; a chariot is bought, 19) N-'-x-n, see above p. 19*, n. 8.
1401	"its pole () for 3 don, the chariot (itselt) tor 5 aon, D-b-t, see above p. 25*, n. 18.
1402	Anast. III 6, 7. 21) I3 np K-s-n, in Hebrew yoss pax, only
1403	7) G-y-p occurs only here, but is certainly iden- here with 13 n. P K-n'-» is not very often mentioned
1404	tical with g-r-b, Anast. IV 16, 11 = Koller 2, I, also in the Egyptian texts, see BurcH. no. 988; except in
1405	in reference to the chariot-pole. In Aramaic aba is Anast. III 8, 5 = Anast. IV 16, 4 it has always the
1406	a knife for cutting, in Phoenician a barber. definite article. So far as the Egyptian texts are con-
1407	8) Dby-wt, only here; sense unknown. cerned, Canaan might be the name of merely the
1408	south of Philistia; but Kinahhi in the Amarna letters
1409	9) M-s-y, again only in Koller 2, I.
1410	appears to indicate a wider extension. The present
1411	10) D-t, see above p. 26*, n. 14. The following passage describes the.localities lying between the
1412	wordhiw is quite obscure. fortress-town of Zaru and the Philistine city of Gaza,
1413	11) For 'řr cf. Pap. Turin 67,10; Unamon 2,42; and is strikingly illustrated by the scenes on the N.
1414	R., I. H. 201, 8; metaphorically "to acomplish" plans, Wall of Karnak depicting the conquests of Sethos I
1415	commands, cf. Unamon 2, 32; R., I. H. 145, 59; Pap. (L., D. III 128b; 128a; 127a; 126b in this order).
1416	Bibl. Nat. 197, 3, 4. 6. The accuracy of the author's geographical knowledge
1417	12) The dbw must be an important part of the is convincingly attested by a comparison with these
1418	chariot; it might be of gold,, see Ur. IV 663. 66g. sculptures.
p. 35
1419	Anastasi 1 29*
1420	thy face(?) (towards(?))* the fortress of the "Ways of Horus"? I begin for thee
1421	with the "House of Sese"" Thou hast never trodden it; thou hast not eaten
1422	the fish of (the waters of).......; thou hast not bathed in them. Come prithee
1423	27,5 let me recount to thee H-t-y-n°; where is its fortress? Come let me tell thee about
1424	the district of Buto of Sese®, "In(?) his house of victories(?) of Usimare"" ', S-b-ēl®
1425	and 'Ib-s-kb°.. Let me describe to thee the manner of '-y-n-n"; thou knowest not
1426	its position". N-h-s'andH-b-r-t', thou hast never seen them since thy birth.
1427	O Mohar, where is Raphia"? What is its wall like? How many leagues" march
1428	is it to Gazal? Answer quickly! Render me a report, that 1 may call thee a
1429	28,1 Maher, that I may boast to others of thy name of Mariannu". So will I say to
1430	them(?). Thou art angry at the thing I (have] said to thee. 1 am experienced
1431	in every rank'. My father taught me, he knew and instructed(??) (me) very
1432	often. I know how to hold the reins", beyond thy skill indeed! There is no
1433	1) The text here is damaged and probably also this name becomes clearly similar to m py-f nhlw
1434	corrupt. The crux of the passage is to determine Wsy-m3 1-R in the papyrus. The meaning of nhtw
1435	the grammatical construction of the words p him n (masc. sing.) is not certain; possibly the preposition
1436	W3-wt Hr. m should be omitted.
1437	2) W3-wt (Hr] is now known to be an alter- 8) S-b-èl, an unknown locality.
1438	native name for the celebrated frontier fortress of 9) 'Ib-s-k-b, apparently a pool rather than a
1439	I3rw (Zaru), see ErmaN's article A. Z. 43 (1906), well, occurs in its right position L., D. III 127a.
1440	72-73. This was the starting-point of the great 10) The locality '-y-n-n is unknown.
1441	military road to Palestine followed by all the early 11) Ip-rd, lit. "principle" or "rule", doubtless here
1442	armies; thus by that of Sethos I, cf. P him n T3rww, means the "position" in relation to other places; cf.28,8.
1443	L., D. III 128b, completed by CHaMp., Not. Descr. 12) N-h-s occurs in the Sethos reliefs, though
1444	II 94. Hitherto Zaru has been placed in the neigh- it is not depicted in any of the publications. DAvIEs
1445	bourhood of the modern town Ismailiyeh; but Herr writes to me that under the horses' tails in L., D.
1446	KUrHMAnN, whose researches on the subject will be IIl 126b there should be inserted a small fortress
1447	published in a thesis entitled Die Ostgrenze Aegyptens, over a pool or well; this bears the name "N(3)-
1448	appears to have good reasons for placing it much 1(3)-s(w) (det. of water) of the Prince ......"
1449	farther to the North, in the vicinity of El Kantara. 13) Before H-b-v-6 in the papyrus there is an r,
1450	3) T'-t Ssw, identical with T't R'mssw-mry- which should probably be omitted. This name also
1451	'Imn, which was reachable by boat from Zaru, see possibly occurs, though in a damaged form, in the
1452	Anast. V 24,8. Also doubtless the same as T '-1 p M31 Sethos reliefs; it is the fortress at the top of Ln,
1453	"The House of the Lion" in the Sethos reliefs, L., D. D. III 126b, with the inscription "The town which
1454	III 128a; this too is connected with Zaru by water, his Majesty newly built at the well of H-b(?)-(r)-6"
1455	possibly, as KUTHMANN suggests, the Pelusiac branch the stroke after the second letter shows that this can
1456	of the Nile. be neither w nor 3 as the publications give.
1457	4) H(3)» (3) "would that", cf. Anast. IV 11,12; 14) R-ph, Raphia, the modern Rafah, a town
1458	Sall. III 6, 7 (the hieroglyphic texts have here 113); not far from the sea about 22 or 23 miles south of
1459	cf. too h3 my, above 19,6. Gaza, Also mentioned in the palimpsest list of
1460	5) H-1-yo is very plausibly compared by Max Sethos I, Max MULLER, Eg. Researches I 57,16; 58,17.
1461	MULLER (4s. 1. Eur. 134) with the name of a well 15) Wr, see above p. 18%, n. 19. - The length
1462	in Lo, D. III 128a (under the horse's tail), but all the of the ilr, or schoenus, is not yet determined, see
1463	copyists confirm the reading 1-p-›-n, (not l-!-n) A.Z.41 (1904), 58—60.
1464	to whom I am deeply indebted for a collation of the there. The name is now destroyed, as N. de G. DAVIEs, hilistine cities; elsewhere in Egyptian spelt G-d- 6) K-d-t, mis, laça, the southernmost of th
1465	Karnak reliefs, informs me. BURCH. no. 1071.
1466	6) Identical with W3dy-t n Sty-Mr-n-Plk in 17) Swi m "to boast of", see Admonitions p. 28.
1467	L., D. III 128a. - Mi r1(read nh ?), sec p. 13, n. 8. - M-r-y-n, see above p. 25°, n. 1.
1468	7) In the Karnak scenes (L., D. III 127a) the 18) Hori goes on to contrast his own knowledge
1469	next fortress to that of Buto is called P-nhtw n(?) and skill with the ignorance of Amenemope. These
1470	S&y-My-n-Pil; with the natural change of the royal sentences are very obscure in part.
1471	name Sethos into that of Rameses II (cf. last note), 19) Uss-(r)-y, see above p. 20°, n. 10.
p. 36
1472	30* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1473	brave man who can measure himself with me'! I am initiated in the decrees(?)
1474	of Month'.
1475	How marred is every (word) that cometh out over thy tongue! How
1476	feeble are thy sentences! Thou comest to me wrapt up* in confusions, loaded
1477	with errors. Thou splittest words asunder, plunging ahead(?)®. Thou art not
1478	wearied of groping® Be strong! Forwards!•Get thee along(?)?! Thou dost
1479	not fall. What is it like not to know what one has reached®? And how will it
1480	28,5 end°? I retreat". Behold, I have arrived. Thy passion is soothed(??)", thy heart
1481	is calm. Do not be angry12 .. .. 18. I curtail(?)" for thee the
1482	end of thy letter, I answer(?) for thee what thou hast said. Thy narratives are
1483	collected upon my tongue, established upon my lips. They are confusing to
1484	hearls; none who converses(?)" (with thee) can unravel them. They are like the
1485	• talk of a man of the Delta with a man of Elephantine"
1486	Nay, but thou art a scribe of the Great Gates, reporting the affairs of
1487	the lands, goodly and fair [to] him who sees it'. Say not that I have made
1488	thy name stink" before others(?). Behold, I have told thee the nature of the
1489	Maher; 1 have traversed for thee Retenu2 • I have marshalled before" thee the
1490	foreign countries all at once, and the towns in their order. Attend(?)* to me,
1491	and look at them calmly"; (thus) thou shalt be found able to describe them?,
1492	and shalt become a travelled(?) ...........
1493	1) Sin y h'w-l, see above p. 15*, n. 10. 10) Read bh3-l. Hori announces his intention
1494	2) Wn m occurs once again on a writing-board of retiring from the contest.
1495	in University College, London (= Rec.de. Irav, 19,95), 11) Hn-tw might possibly be imperative: "give in!"
1496	where wn-i iw should be emended for wn-twi. The 12) Hdn, see above p. 10*, n. 16.
1497	determinatives of wd are perhaps wrongly borrowed 13) Sy is unknown; for n imw cf. p. 27*, n. 10.
1498	from wdb. Month is here the war-god, so that the 14) H'k lit. "shave", probably here in the sense
1499	sentence is a further assertion of the martial qualities "to curtail" or "to summarize".
1500	of Hori. 15) Lit. "confused in hearing".
1501	3) W1(3)w1(3), cf. Berlin Ostracon 1о616; Pap. 16) For 3 cf. Israel stele 22,
1502	Bibl. Nal. 198, 2, 21; Medinet Habu, unpublished, sing" clearly seems to be meant; so too perhaps
1503	under the Balcony in the southern colonnade. Sall. I 8, 1. Compare too the difficult epithet (or
1504	4) Bnd, see p. 13*, 1. 15. title) 3" of which SpIEGELBErG has collected the
1505	5) Lit. "in entering before thyself"; the sense examples Rec. de Trav. 14,41.
1506	is apparently that Amenemope continues to write in 17) This sentence is rightly often quoted in proof
1507	haste, heedless of the injuries which his precipitate of the existence of dialects during the New Kingdom.
1508	behaviour causes him to inflict upon the language. 18) I. e. probably, "who sees what thou doest".
1509	- N hr-k, see p. 25, n. 2. 19) Im-k optatively, see p. 11, n. 4. - Hnš, Coptic
1510	6) Gmgm "touchings" "fingerings"; for gmgm ugnoy, onlyhere transitively.
1511	thus as the equivalent of Gouós palpare, cf. 20) Inw is doubtless a corruption of Rinw, as
1512	Harris 500, recto 1,2; 7, 12. throughout in the great Berlin manuscript of Sinuhe.
1513	7) The writer sarcastically encourages Amene- 21) Lit. "I have led to thee".
1514	mope to persevere in his writing. - I suspect that 22) Hn "to bow" "incline", with the meaning
1515	the words imi Is-3st-tw are simply a corruption of "to attend to", cf. above 26, 3.
1516	ms-lw (cf. 15, 8), with elements borrowed from 3s 23) Kb, see above p. 9*, D.%
1517	"to hasten" and shs "to run". 24) Gm y, see p. 17°, n. 3.
1518	8) I. e. thou art ignorant of thy plight. 25) For the sense cf. 20, 6. Hori holds out to
1519	9) Phwi nn m il; this phrase occurs again on Amenemope the hope that he may some day appear
1520	Petrie Ostracon 45. to be a much-travelled warrior.
p. 37
1521	Anastasi I 31*
1522	Appendix. The three technical problems of Anastasi I (14, 2-17, 2).
1523	In the course of the controversy the scribe Hori propounds three problems con-
1524	nected with the building and erection of monuments such as a "royal scribe in command
1525	of the soldiers" might be called upon to solve. Amenemope's vaunted skill in his profession
1526	is thereby put to a very severe test, and in every instance he finds himself unable to reply.
1527	The technicalities of these passages are such that the modern Egyptologist is placed in a
1528	far worse quandary than this ancient scribe; so far from being able to supply the answers, he is ,
1529	barely able to understand the questions. I shall here attempt, as far as is possible, to define the
1530	nature of the three problems; in dealing with this difficult subject 1 bave had the great
1531	advantage of consulting with Professor BORCHARDT, the first authority in such matters, and
1532	I am indebted to him for a number of valuable hints.
1533	Problem 1 (14,2-8). This deals with the building of a brick ramp of unusually
1534	large dimensions. The Egyptian word is st3, which etymologically means a place over which
1535	something is dragged or drawn. In the royal tombs the sloping, downward, passages were
1536	called st3 nir "the divine passage". In Piankhi 91 st3 is an ascending ramp used for scaling
1537	the walls of a hostile fortress. That st3 here is an ascending ramp is clear from the description,
1538	the length being 730 cubits (more than 383 metres), and the breadth 55 cubits (nearly
1539	29 metres). The ramp is said to consist "of 120 r-g-t", , concerning which we later learn that each
1540	measured "30 cubits, by a breadth of 7 cubits". BORCHARDT conjectures with great proba-
1541	bility that these were "compartments" ("Kästen") in the interior of the ramp, formed by
1542	brick partition-walls of no great thickness; these compartments would be filled with sand, a
1543	great saving of bricks thus being effected. A ramp constructed exactly in this manner
1544	has been found just to the South of the mortuary temple of the Second Pyramid, and
1545	belongs to about the 19th. Dynasty!. If the view of the r-g-t here taken be correct, the
1546	word may possibly be derived from ri "mouth" (cf. ri-st3, rỉ-23t) and g(3)/(l) "shrine" "box"
1547	(BRUGSCH, Wörterb. 1520; Suppl. 1289; Pap. Turin 105, 21; 107,19). With a length of 30 cubits,
1548	the y-g-t would leave a reasonable thickness of 55-30 = 12 • 5 cubits for the exterior walls
1549	of the ramp?. On the other hand the indication that the "compartments" (r-g-1) were
1550	7 cubits broad is impossible; this would already give 120 x 7 = 840 cubits for the length
1551	of the ramp, without reckoning either the thickness of the partition-walls between the com-
1552	partments or that of the end-walls at the top and the bottom of the ramp. In spite of this
1553	serious difficulty, BorCHARDT's view of the r-g-t seems the only way of accounting for their
1554	number and their length.
1555	The ramp, (i. e. its exterior walls) is stated to have been "filled with reeds and
1556	beams". This of course alludes to the practice of strengthening vast brick walls with reed-
1557	mats interposed between the courses and with transverse wooden beams inserted at a distance
1558	of some feet from one another. This mode of building is exemplified in the fortresses in
1559	the Second Cataract and elsewhere; see HÖLSCHER, Das Hohe Tor von. Medinet Habre, p. 36.
1560	The height of the ramp at its highest part was 60 cubits3 and, if I understand the
1561	next words rightly, the height in the middle of its upward slant was 30 cubits. To ine it
1562	Pyramid a plan aeru seciom of the ramsowil be found, telis me that the breadth of the compartments average- ‹1) Regierungsbaumeister HöLSCHER, the temple of the Seconc
1563	about 3• 5 metres, i. e. approximately 7 cubits.
1564	2) Measured at the top; the thickness at the bottom would be 27• 5 cubits, owing to the batter,
1565	if my bypothesis (see below) be correct.
1566	3) This gives a slant of 8• 2 cubits in every 100; that of the ramp leading to the pyramid of Ne-
1567	user-Re was equal to 7,75 cubits in every 100 (BORCHARDI, Das Grabdenkmal des Ne-user-re, p. 44).
p. 38
1568	32* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1569	appears that ler2-3b-f, following immediately upon /er d3d3-f, must be correlated with the same,
1570	and must therefore represent the height of the ramp at its centre; unless this view be taken,
1571	the words hr d3d3-f would be redundant, the height at the top being sufficiently clearly
1572	expressed by the words m ky alone. BorcHaRDT points out, however, that the measurement
1573	at the middle is quite superfluous, and proposes to understand hri-ib-f as "its interior", i. e.
1574	the space between the two sides of the ramp. It may be objected to this view that the
1575	space referred to is later mentioned as the length of the y-g-t "compartments" (30 cubits);
1576	and the philological objection already mentioned is considerable!.
1577	The dimension next named, mi-sp (sp sn) ml 15, is still more problematical. The
1578	phrase m i-sp (sp sn) occurs only once again, namely in the description of the obelisk (15, 4).
1579	The exact words there are hut-f m 2-sp (sp sn) r-tp m mh I, db I(?)? BorCHARDT agrees
1580	with me that this sentence must refer to the tapering of the obelisk towards its summit,
1581	though he disagrees in his translation of m 2-sp (sp sn). He conjectures that 2-sp (sp sn) is a
1582	peculiar phrase for "end", so that the rendering of 15,4 would be "it goes from end to top
1583	as I cubit and i finger", i. e. the falling away from the perpendicular on the entire height
1584	of the obelisk (1I0 cubits) amounts to 1 cubit and 1 finger; this is equivalent to rather
1585	more than ¼ of a finger to every cubit, which gives a quite reasonable angle?. Applying
1586	the sense thus obtained for 2-sp (sp sn) to the problem of the ramp, BORCHARDT supposes
1587	that the "end" meant is the thickness of the short wall that joined the side-walls at the top of
1588	the ramp; the thickness of the top end would then be 15 cubits1. It appears to me that
1589	2-sP (sP sn) is a very unlikely kind of expression for so concrete an idea as the "end"; and
1590	a greater similarity of meaning might be expected in the two sentences. Now let it be
1591	noted that the sense of 15,4 would not be modified if we translate "it goes with a gradual
1592	slope (m ỉ-sp [sp-sn]) towards the top as I cubit and I finger". On this view 2-sp (sp sn)
1593	would be a technical term expressing the extent of divergence from the perpendicular at
1594	the summit of a monument. Applying this hypothesis to our ramp, we there find that a
1595	slope or batter of 15 cubits is indicated5. This batter must of course be that of the long
1596	exterior walls of the ramp, and the 15 cubits are reckoned, as in the case of the obelisk,
1597	at the top of the monument. The height of the ramp being 60 cubits, this gives a batter
1598	of I in 4, or 1% spans to the cubit, or an angle of 75°; and it adds greatly to the pro-
1599	bability of the theory here put forward that the ramp leading up to the pyramid of Sahure
1600	exhibits precisely the same batter6.
1601	Lastly, the ns-t of the ramp is said to measure 5 cubits. In the story of Sethon
1602	ns-t is the name given to the mastaba or stone bench outside house-doors (cf. GRIFFITH's
1603	note on I Khamuas 5, II). BORCHARDT conjectures that the end-wall at the bottom of the
1604	ramp, corresponding with i-sp, the end-wall (according to him), at the top, may be meant.
1605	Another possibility suggested by HÖLSCHER is that ns-t may here signify the brick floor or
1606	surface of the ramp above the compartments (r-g-t) and the sand; this might well have a depth
1607	of 5 cubits in so vast a monument.
1608	1) For the space between the walls, the interior, we should expect hnw rather than hrt-tb.
1609	2) The sign h in the Ms. is probably a corruption of db.
1610	3) The Egyptians usually expressed this angle by a term skd, which states the number of spans
1611	divergence from the perpendicular for a height of one cubit; see the article by BorcHARDT, A. Z. 31 (1893), 15.
1612	4) It is not absolutely essential that there should have been an end-wall at the top, if the ramp was
1613	built against some other structure.
1614	5) The literal translation would be "with a batter of 15 cubits".
1615	6) See BorcHarDt, Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Sahu-re, p. 39. Unfortunately my hypothesis
1616	was framed too late to be submitted to Professor BorcHarDt's criticism; Herr HölscHEr finds no technical
p. 39
1617	Anastasi I 33*
1618	The problem before thescribe Amenemope was to reckon out the quantity of
1619	bricks that would be needed in constructing the ramp. All the requisite data are given!;
1620	but it would sorely tax the powers of a modern builder to give even an approximate estimate
1621	of the number of bricks needed.
1622	• 15.(B)
1623	60
1624	.5.(B) 30 (G)
1625	730
1626	ELEVATION.
1627	5(B)
1628	• cach 7 x 30 each 7×30 - 55
1629	730 GROUND-PLAN. +13,(B)
1630	$15г 55
1631	(6)
1632	.30
1633	SECTION AT TOP,
1634	The accompanying diagrams display the proportions of the ramp, so gfing!i (sec")
1635	far as they can be understood from the papyrus. Where different suggestions 1 rubel:
1636	have been made, BORCHARDT's opinion is indicated by (B), HÖLSCHER's by 1 finger and
1637	(H), and my own by (G).
1638	Problem 2 (14,8-16,5). An obelisk that has been hewn in the "**
1639	quarries of the Gebel Akhmar near Heliopolis lies ready to be conveyed to
1640	the Capital. All its dimensions are given, and the problem which Amenemope
1641	is called upon to solve is the. number of men needed for its transport. Most
1642	of the technical terms employed in the text are ărağ 2eyóuera, but their
1643	sense is for the most part not difficult to determine. The first measurement
1644	given, "110 cubits n lin n lnt(?)", clearly refers to the length of shaft?; ben,
1645	the most important element in the compound expression used, is of course
1646	the word for "column". The "dby-t" of io cubits" next named must be the
1647	pedestal; the measurement is obviously the length of the sides, the height,
1648	which must have been less, being omitted. With this identification of the
1649	dby-t agrees the next datum, "p-snw (or p-šnw)* n phui-f makes y cubits on
1650	every side"; the size of the obelisk at the base of its shaft is here evidently
1651	intended. Next comes the clause with the problematical term 2-sp (sp sn)
1652	discussed in dealing with the first problem; as we saw, this must refer to the
1653	1) The size of the brick is assumed to be known.
1654	2) The obelisk is thus far taller than any that has been preserved. PetrIE has however calculated
1655	that the Constantinople obelisk may have measured 172 feet in height (see PETRIE, History II 132); in the
1656	Northampton stele two obelisks of 108 cubits each (= 185 feet) are mentioned (Urk. IV 425).
1657	3) The word occurs once again on an ostracon in my own possession (no. 3) giving a list of objects
1658	of wood; among the latter is p lwt m l-t m mill ty-f dby-t "the statue of wood and also its pedestal",
1659	dby-t naturally being determined with the sign for wood. Dby-t is probably to be distinguished from db-6
1660	"brick", though the latter is occasionally used of "blocks" of stone.
1661	4) Apparently only here.
1662	5
p. 40
1663	34* 'Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1664	extent of the divergence from the perpendicular, which amounted to 1 cubit and 1 finger (f) on
1665	the entire height of 110 cubits, or o. 26 fingers in every cubit! The pyramidion (ty-f brbr) is
1666	stated to have been i cubit in height, of course an impossibly small measurement. Lastly,
1667	the point of the pyramidion (hwy, only here) is said to have measured two fingers; BORCHARDT
1668	understands this to refer to the length of the sides of the tiny square surface at the
1669	summit of the pyramidion. For all these measurements, see the figure on the preceding
1670	page. All the dimensions required for determining the content of the obelisk, and hence
1671	also its weight, appear to be given.
1672	Problem 3 (16,6-17,2). The last problem is, of the three, by far the most difficult
1673	to understand.It is at all events clear that it concerns the erection of a colossal
1674	statue, and that this statue had to be gradually lowered to its ultimate position by the
1675	removal of a great artificial magazine of sand on to which it had been hauled(p). The statue
1676	covers 30 cubits as it lies stretched upon the ground, and has a breadth of 20 cubits. The
1677	word for magazine is mhr, the ordinary word for a store-house in which corn or other things
1678	were kept; and its sub-divisions(?) are called šmm, also a known word. All the other technical
1679	terms and dimensions are quite obscure. The šmm are stated to have been filled with sand
1680	from the river-banks, and the magazine, which was situated under (hr) the colossus, has to
1681	be "emptied" (sšw). The question asked of Amenemope is as to the number of men to be
1682	employed in order to remove the sand (hm "demolish" "overturn") in six hours. The use
1683	of sand for the gradual lowering of monuments is, as BORCHARDT points out, exemplied by
1684	the late tombs near the Pyramid of Onnos (see BARsANTi's article, Annales du Service
1685	I 283—4) where the massive lid of a sarcophagus was supported upon wooden pillars resting
1686	upon sand; when it was desired to bring the lid into its final position, the sand was gradually
1687	allowed to escape from under the wooden pillars?.
1688	1) It is probable that the h after mh 1 should be emended into dó'. The batter of the obelisk is
1689	quite unusually steep.
1690	2) One may also compare Bonomi's theory of the manner in which the colossus known as the Vocal
1691	Memnon was erected (A. Z. 45 [1908], 32-34); however BorcHarDt is of the opinion that sand cannot have
1692	been used in that case.
p. 41
1693	II. A collection of model letters.
1694	Description of the manuscript. The Papyrus Koller (Pap. Berlin 3043) is known
1695	to have passed directly from the collection of Baron KOLLER into that of the Berlin Museum,
1696	but no record has been kept of the exact date when this occurred. The manuscript measures
1697	136cm in length, and has the normal height of 21 cm. It is on the whole well preserved,
1698	though it has suffered damage through rough handling. A Museum register dating from the
1699	days of PASSALACQUA informs us that the verso once exhibited a drawing of the lower part
1700	of the double crown of the Pharaohs, and that there also was a brief bieratic inscription;
1701	but the manuscript having been early gummed upon cardboard, this statement can no longer
1702	be checked. At a subsequent period the edges of the cardboard around the lacunae were
1703	carelessly trimmed, with disastrous results. At present the papyrus is safely preserved under
1704	glass in four sections. The writing of the recto is upon the horizontal fibres, and comprises
1705	five complete columns or pages; these consist of eight lines apiece, except the second page,
1706	which has nine lines. It is well-nigh certain that some pages are missing at the end, since
1707	the text breaks off in the middle of a sentence. Whether anything is lost at the beginning
1708	is more doubtful, the main text of the first letter being complete, though the salutations
1709	that usually precede are absent. The handwriting is of the fine type characteristic
1710	of Ramesside literary papyri, and may be dated approximately to the end of the i9th
1711	Dynasty. If the criteria set up by MÖI.LER' can be trusted, the papyrus is a product of
1712	the Memphite school of calligraphy. There are no verse-points, but the usual sign, written
1713	in red, serves to divide the sections from one another. A. WIEDEMANN printed a not
1714	entirely satisfactory hand-facsimile of the manuscript in his book Hieratische Texte (Leipzig
1715	1879), Tafel X-XIV, and up to the present this has remained the sole edition of the text.
1716	Contents and general remarks. Many of the finest literary papyri of the New
1717	Kingdom belong to a class to which ErmaN has aptly given the name of Schülerhand-
1718	schriften? They are the work of youthful scribes employed in one or other of the public
1719	administrative departments, where they seem to have received, after the manner of apprentices,
1720	some tuition from the superior scribes. Often the appointed task was the copying of some
1721	wellknown literary piece, such as the Instructions of Amenemhet I to his son, or the Poetical
1722	account of Rameses Il's victories; in such cases it is impossible to detect the pupil's hand,
1723	unless it betrays itself by dates jotted down in the margin to indicate the amount written
1724	daily, or by the presence of corrections in the teacher's hand Often however the subject-
1725	1) Hieralische Paläographie II p. 3—3.
1726	2) On the whole subject of the Schulhefle or Schülerhandschriften, see ErMAN, Aegyplen 446-448.
1727	3) Purely calligraphical corrections, such as that at the top of p. 3 of Anastasi I, seem sufficient
1728	proof of a Schülerhandschrift. - For dates see ERMAn, loc. cil.; they occur very freguently both in papyri
1729	and on ostraca.
1730	5*
p. 42
1731	36* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1732	matter of the texts copied ill conceals their educational aim; this is particularly the
1733	case with the collections of model letters, or miscellanies!, of which the P'apyrus Koller
1734	affords a very typical example. The letters contained in these miscellanies are of
1735	diverse kinds. The simplest consist of little beyond the elaborate salutations demanded by
1736	Egyptian good-breeding. Others, even less readable, are mere lists of articles to be manu-
1737	factured or foodstuffs to be provided and are simply designed for the purpose of widening
1738	the pupil's vocabulary. The majority concern such commissions or affairs of everyday life as
1739	might later claim the scribe's attention in the course of his professional career. When the
1740	subject-matter permitted, the pupil frequently substituted his own and his teacher's names
1741	for those of the original writer and recipient of the letter; Koller 5,5 for example, mentions
1742	the names of two scribes, of which Amenemope may be that of the master, and Paibes that of
1743	the pupil?. Besides letters, the miscellanies here described often contain short compositions
1744	of a more purely literary character; hymns to Thoth or Amon, eulogies of the Pharaoh or
1745	of the Capital, and above all homilies (as a rule not lacking in humorous touches) on the
1746	dignity of the scribe's profession.
1747	The Koller comprises four letters, the first lacking the customary salutations and
1748	the last ending abruptly after a few opening sentences. The subjects are as follows:
1749	a) The equipment of a Syrian expedition (1,1-2,2).
1750	b) Warnings to an idle scribe (2,2—3,3).
1751	c) A letter concerning Nubian tribute (3,3—5,4).
1752	d) An order to make preparations for Pharaoh's arrival (5,5—5,8).
1753	Short introductions with bibliographical notes being prefixed to the translations
1754	of each section, only a few general remarks are here necessary. The Koller is particularly
1755	closely related to the London papyrus Anastasi 1V, with which it has two sections in common.
1756	The orthography is good, and mistakes or corruptions seem to be relatively few. The pupil
1757	by whom the Koller was written seems to have aspired to erudition, for the texts chosen are
1758	full of technical and foreign words.
1759	The first to translate the papyrus was A. WIEDEMANN, whose renderings (op. cit.
1760	p. 19-23) are accompanied by brief notes on the subject-matter but without a philological
1761	commentary. The only other treatment of the papyrus as a whole is that of ERMAN in the
1762	handbook entitled Aus den Papyrus der königlichen Museen, Berlin 1899, belonging to the
1763	official series of Handbücher der königlichen Museen zu Berlin (p. 93-97).
1764	a. The equipment of a Syrian expedition.
1765	This is a short model letter describing the preparations to be made for an expe-
1766	dition to Syria and enumerating in detail the horses, attendants, chariots and weapons that
1767	have to be made ready. The point of the composition doubtless lay in its copious use of
1768	foreign and technical words, which would serve at once to exhibit the teacher's erudition and
1769	to increase the store of the pupil's learning. No duplicate of this letter is known, but it is
1770	shown by its last words to be closely related to a letter preserved entire in Anastasi IV
1771	(13,8-end), the beginning of which is found on the last page of the Koller. Other
1772	texts which mention the various parts of the chariot and the weapons contained in it are
1773	1) The best-known of these are Anastasi II. III. IV. V; Sallier I, in the British Museum; Pap.
1774	Bologna 1094; Pap. Leiden 348, recto.
1775	2) It is not always the name of the pupil which stands first, as may be seen by comparing
1776	Anast. III 1, I1 with ibid. 3,9. It is curious that the names of the scribes in Anast. III are Amenemope
1777	and Paibes as in Koller; the papyri do not seem to be written by the same hand.
p. 43
1778	Koller 37*
1779	Anastasi 1 and the Edinburgh Poem about the Chariut (A. Z. 18 [1880), 94-95). No trans-
1780	lations of this section seem to have published besides those named above in the general
1781	introduction.
1782	‹The scribe Amenope writes to the scribe Paibēs',) saying: - Take good
1783	heed to make ready the array(?)" of horses which is (bound) for Syria, together with
1784	their stable-men®, and likewise their grooms"; their coatss •...-ed and filled with
1785	provender and straw, rubbed down twice over; their corn-bags(?)° filled with
1786	kyllestis-bread', a single ass(?) in the charge of" (every) two men. Their chariots are of
1787	bry-wood(?)° filled with (all kinds of(?) weapons of warfare"; eighty arrows in the
1788	1,5 quiver", the ........ ", the lance(?)', the sword", the dagger, the.........",
1789	the .. ", the whip" of Bg-wood'" furnished with lashes", the chariot-
1790	club", the staff(?)" of watchfulness, the javelin? of Kheta, the rein-looser(?)®, their
1791	faciags (of) bronze of six-fold alloy", graven with chiselling(?)s ,...... -ed, and
1792	•.....-ed Their cuirasses" are placed beside them. The bows are adjust-
1793	1) The names are restored from 5,5. Boheiric form uepes quoted by Peyron is well authen-
1794	2) Rks is possibly identical with the rare ticated.
1795	Hebrew collective word for "horses" t57; see BURCH. 14) H-r-p, Hebrew 577, also Anasl. IV 17,1;
1796	no. 642, where the phonetic difficulty is pointed Edinburgh Poem, recto 13.
1797	out. - For grg we should expect grg-tw (cf. 5,6), 15) K-w-t, only here.
1798	but in 3,5 and d'Orbiney 2,2 the ending is similarly 16) Sk-hm(w), again only Anast. IV 17, 1.
1799	omitted. 17) 'Is-b-r, see BurcH. no. 134 and above p. 26°, n. 6.
1800	3) Hry th, a very common title, which in itself 18) I3g, a species of wood; whips are made of
1801	probably indicates quite a low rank. it, as here, Anast. IV 17,2; the chariot-pole, below
1802	4) Mrt, see p. 6*, n. 16. 2, 1; chariots, Urk. IV 707; the word also ib. 701.
1803	5) Šnw lit. "hair", only here of horses' coats. 705. 732.
1804	•6) Here the provisions for the stable-men and 19) Rwd-(wr) "lashes", only here; Anast. I 26,8 "
1805	grooms appear to be referred to; these were carried uses another word; for rod-(wl) as bow-string cf. below
1806	on asses. — H3r, properly a corn-measure, is occa- 1,8; Lacau, Sarcophages II, Index.
1807	sionally determined with the sign for the hide, 20) So too i 'wn-t n 1y-k mrkb-t, Edinburgh
1808	cf. Rhind Math. Pap. 41, 3. 4; 43, 1, MAR., Karnale Poem, verso 9.
1809	54,46. 21) H(w), elsewhere only d'Orbiney 13,1 (con-
1810	7) The k-y-5-6 was a small loaf weighing from clusive as to sense); Anasi. IV 17,3-
1811	about half to three quarters of a pound, see EIsEN- 22) The weapon niw seems from the hieroglyphic
1812	zoHR, Proc. S. B. A.19, 263; the name is preserved determinative in R., I. H. 215,31; 240, 37; 241,44
1813	in the Greek xvldğots, a word known from Hdt. II 77 to be a javelin; for javelins, sce WilkinsoN, Anc.
1814	and other sources (see A. Z. 47 [1910), 159 footnote). Egyptians (ed. BIRcH), I 208. Cf. p niw n ly-k mrkb-i,
1815	8) R iwd as preposition means either (1) "in Edinburgh Poem, recto 11.
1816	the charge of", so here and Pap. Bologna 1094, 6,7; 23) For \|! "to loosc" see p. 22*, n. 7, and for
1817	Pap. Bibl. Nat. 187, 3, 4. 6; or (2) "with" (apud) Inr see p. 20*, n. Io; what instrument is here meant
1818	cf. Sall 124, verso 1,1; Pap. Turin 57,1; 103, 1,16. is hard to say.
1819	9) Bry, only here and Anast. IV 16,7, where 24) Sm(3) » sts is evidently an alloy of six in-
1820	it is likewise a kind of wood of which chariots gredients; from this passage and from Harris I 45,5;
1821	were made. 47,6; 52b g it is plainly a kind of bronze, and from
1822	10) Probably emend 1'w (nb) nw h-f; note that ibid. 6,9; 47,4 we know that it was of the colour of
1823	in this expression &-f is written with & and stroke gold, i e probably like brass. Other references,
1824	during the 18 th. Dynasty, (cf. Urk. IV 699). Harris I 59,3; Pap. Turin 32,7.9; Anast. IV 16,12.
1825	11) 'Is-p-l, see above p. 27°, IL. 17. 25) For this difficult phrase see p. 28°, д. 13.
1826	12) Hmy-t, as a weapon belonging to the chariot, 26) Fll and m-s-l, unknown verbs.
1827	Edinburgh Poem about Chariol, recto 11. 27) R-b-s-y, from Hebrew wab; see SPIEGELBERG,
1828	13) M-r-l, only here and Anasl. IV 17,1; cf. Pelubaslis, Index no. 235-236 for demotic instances
1829	mepeq, but this comparison perhaps fails if the and some important remarks.
p. 44
1830	38* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1831	2,1 ed(??) to their strings!, their wood" being tested in drawing, their(?) bindings(?)3
1832	consisting of clean.... leather(?)*. The pole" is of tg-wood®,.... ...-ed,
1833	shaped(?)®, fitted with leather?, finished off(?), oiled" and polished(?)".
1834	1) Rwd-(wr), see above note 18; the meaning to do with gp below 2,8; it may be for g-r-p, a gloss
1835	of isy here is obscure. on gy-b (see next note).
1836	2) Dbw lit. "horns", here clearly the wooden 8) G-y-b (so 100 Anast. IV 16, 11) is identical
1837	part of the bows; the word for bow in other lan- with g-y-p, Anast. I 26,5; see p. 28°, д. %
1838	guages not seldom alludes to its shape, cf. arcus, 9) Iby is clearly derived from tbw "sandal-
1839	maker", "leather-worker"; in the sense "shod", cf.
1840	3) M-s-y, only here and Anast. I 26,6. Anast. III 8,6 = Anast. IV 16, 5.
1841	4) For mir-t we may possibly compare Pap. 10) Sgnn "to oil", cf. Anast. III8,4 - Anast. IV
1842	Kahun 19,57. 16,3; Anast. IV 15,4; 16,12; Sall. I 4,10; 5,3; Hay-
1843	5) For the word ' see p. 28*, n. 6. gis 500, verso 5,9.
1844	6) 13g, see p. 37ª, n. 18. 11) M-š-y-r (also in Anast. IV 16,12) looks like
1845	7) G-p does not occur in the parallel text a Semitic passive participle *mashrür; the word is
1846	Anast. IV 16, 11-12, and has evidently nothing unknown.
1847	b. Warnings to the idle scribe.
1848	Almost all the great miscellanies of the New Kingdom contain threats and warnings
1849	addressed to the idle scribe, most of which begin with the stereotyped words found here
1850	(e. g. Sall. 1 6,1; Anast. IV 11,8; Anast. V 6,1). The present text, fragmentary duplicates of
1851	which are found in Anastasi IV 2,4-3,2 and Anastasi V 5,1, is peculiar in the fact that it
1852	consists almost entirely of a long drawn out simile, the pupil being compared to a careless
1853	sailor. The end of the section is much damaged and practically unintelligible. The parallel
1854	texts from Anast. IV and Anast. V are reproduced in facsimile in the Select Papyri in the
1855	Hieratic Character (London 1842 and 1844), plates LXXXIII. LXXXIV and plate XCIX
1856	respectively; for a complete description of these Mss. the reader must be referred to a sub-
1857	sequent instalment of this work. A few phrases were translated by CHABAS in his Voyage
1858	dun Egyptien, pp. I41. 241, and the whole, so far as it is preserved in Anast. IV and
1859	Anast. V, was rendered into French by MASPERO, Du genre épistolaire ches les anciens
1860	Egyptiens (Paris 1872), p. 28—30. The version of the Koller was first utilized by LAUTH, Die
1861	altägyptische Hochschule von Chennu, in Sitsb. d. k. Bayr. Akad. d. Wiss., 1872, p. 66; then
1862	more completely by WIEDEMANN in 1879. The only other translations seem to be those of
1863	ERMAN in Aegypten (1885), p. 514 (mainly a paraphrase) and in the handbook mentioned
1864	above in the general introduction.
1865	They' tell me that thou forsakest writing?, and departest and dost flee;
1866	that thou forsakest writing and usest thy legs® like horses of the riding-school(??)*
1867	Thy heart is fluttered; thou art like an 'hy-bird. Thy ear is deaf(?)®; thou
1868	1) The section opens with the usual epistolary matical. — Htri seems never to be used in late-
1869	formula " nti "to wit", which is best omitted in Egyptian for simply one horse; it means a pair, or
1870	translating. a horse and chariot.
1871	2) Not "books"; for ss "to write" so determined 5) The bird 'by is also mentioned Anast. IV
1872	cf. Anast. V 8,3; Inscr. of Mes N 14. ıb, 1; Pap. med. Berlin 21,2.
1873	3) The expression mh-h m rdwi-k, lit. "thou 6) D-n(r)-g only here; however the proper name
1874	seizest (or "art full of") thy legs", seems to occur D-n(r)g (BurcH. no. 1189), older D3g (e. g. Cairo
1875	only here; Anasi. IV has a superfluous m before mh. stele M. K. 20007; L. D. II 147b), is often determined
1876	4) I-h-b only here; the sense is quite proble- with the ear, implying that the verb was common.
p. 45
1877	Koller 39*
1878	art like an ass in taking beatings' Thou art like an antilope in fleeing. Thou
1879	2,5 art not" a hunter" of the desert, nor a Mazoi" of the West! Thou art one who
1880	is deaf and does not hear®, to whom men make (signs) with the hand. Thou
1881	art like the mate of a skipper skilled in (managing) the boat. When he is
1882	skipper® in the boat, he stands at the prow(?), he does not look out for
1883	dangerous winds, he does not search for the current®; if the outer(?)® rope is
1884	let go, the rope in front(?)"° is in his neck(?)". When he is pulling the rope",
1885	he catches(?)' the ......-birds, he plucks" -flowers(?)' on the banks, he
1886	cuts awayl clods of earth(??)". His......1® ... ......-trees, he........
1887	ksb-trees". His ...... 30 is of seven cubits, he cuts reeds(?). His tresses(??)"
1888	3,1 ...... to his feet, in work of Kush. His .... .....is of bright... 28
1889	in work of the overseer of ........ 39. He binds threads" to its(??) end, in
1890	1) I. e. thou art as stubborn and unresponsive 13) Gup is here probably the equivalent of hp
1891	when punished as a beaten ass. (see above p. 9", n. 14); the substilution of g for k is
1892	2) Anast. IV wrongly omits the negation here however difficult to parallel at this period.
1893	and inserts it before mutk shy. 14) Fg, so written also Pap. Leiden 345, recto
1894	3) For similar writings of nw "hunter" (for the G 2,1, is the equivalent of fk in Pap. Turin 89,5;
1895	sense see the determinative in Urk. I 2) cf. Urk. IV doubtless Coptic glõe: guas evellere.
1896	994; Harris I 28,4; L.., D. III 356. 15)Sri(w), only here.
1897	4) For the Mazoi as hunters, cf. especially 16) Pns means "to cut off" the head (c.g. Max.,
1898	Anast. IV 10,5; in Urk. IV 994 the titles "great Mast. D 1o; Mission V 622) or the ribs (cf. Nav.,
1899	one of the Md3w" and "overseer of hunters" occur Deir el Bahari 107; Mission V 617) of a bull to
1900	in parallelism with one another. See now MAx MULLER, be sacrificed; also "to cut away" hair, Ebers 63,13.
1901	Egypl. Researches II p. 76-77. Here I imagine the meaning to be that the idle sailor,
1902	5) Cf. Anast. I 6,6; 26,3. instead of attending to his towing, amuses himself
1903	6) I. e. when the mate (hrt. "subordinate") is with hunting the birds or picking the flowers on
1904	acting as the skipper or rêis. the bank, or else in knocking away the heavy lumps
1905	7) Iplt, probably a special nautical term; bp-f is of muddy earth at the edge of which he is walking.
1906	the name of a part or an appurtenance of a boat made 17) M-k-k, cf. Anast. IIl 2,4, where the word
1907	of cedar-wood and measuring 20-30 cubits (Turin. occurs together with 3h-l "fields".
1908	Pap.unpublished); tptt may be a nisbe-form from it. 18) Mly-? here is of unknown meaning.
1909	8) H-(y)-n, Coptic goєru (Rec.de Irav. 28,214); 19) Before ksb, a kind of tree mentioned already
1910	elsewhere the word clearly means "waves", not "cur- in the Pyramidtexts (e. g. 456. 994), an infinitive is
1911	rent", e.g. Anasl. IV 1b, 2. expected; perhaps emend in "to bring".
1912	9) If 1 Bn(r) is read with Koller, this must be 20) W3h-l, meaning unknown.
1913	a genitive qualifying p nwh; if the reading of Anast.IV 21) Nbd-i means "tressed hair" in d'Orbiney 10,7.
1914	be preferred [3" y bn(r) means "to let go". 9; 11,2. 4; Anast. III 3,3; masculine in Harris 500,
1915	10) Hnl-t is possibly a technical term for the recto 6,1. The damaged word following is perhaps
1916	rope attached at the prow. a verb "to dangle" "hang down" or the like. For
1917	I1) I. e. probably, becomes entangled with his the erroneous reading rdwf-i of KoLLER see above
1918	neck. WIEDEMANN takes this clause to mean, "the n. 11. - The very obscure sentences which follow
1919	towing-rope is placed round his neck", but this cannot may allude to the foppish attire of the skipper's
1920	be correct, as the sentence clearly continues the des- mate, another sign of his disinclination for regular
1921	cription of what happens when the mate is acting as work.
1922	skipper. - Hhwl-l, which KolLer reads instead of 22) The words 1-41 and n.f: are dras Leyóuera.
1923	khwl-f (Anast. IV), is certainly a mistake, like rowt-le 23) Reading and meaning uncertain; the title
1924	in 3,1; the scribe is still influenced by the pronouns occurs again Harris I 7,9 (see A. Z. 33 (1885), 60-61),
1925	of the second person with which the text began. where its connection with cattle suggests that it means
1926	12) Wan-f lth p nwh (parallel to unn-f m nfu "overseer of horns".
1927	above) introduces a new picture of the mate's heed- 24) G-w-in seems from Anasl. I 24,6 to mean
1928	lessness; he is now imagined as towing on the river- "to bind" or "tie". - P-ly probably the Hebrew
1929	bank. For 1h p nwh the Modern Egyptian would 3anD, see BuRcH. no. 430. The meaning of the
1930	say quite similarly dl sy. sentence is quite obscure.
p. 46
1931	40* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
1932	order to wear a loin-cloth(??). He is one who pricks up(?) the ear? on the day
1933	of the ass; (he is) a rudder on the day of the boat. I will do all these things
1934	to him", if he turns his back" on his office.
1935	1) This garment, the transcription of which is addressed in the first words of this effusion, and
1936	unknown, is often mentioned in late-Egyptian texts we should therefore expect the second person; this
1937	e. g. below 4,6; BErgMaNN, Hieral. Iexte 1,2. 5; however is given by neither text, though Koller has
1938	Pap. Berlin 9784,6; Harris 500, verso 1,11; and had two examples of the suffix 2nd. pers. sing. where
1939	six times in Harris I. it was not required (see p. 39*, n. 11). Nor is it plain
1940	2) Mh msdr, lit. "to fill the ear", i.e. probably to what the words "all these things" refer, since no
1941	to "listen" "hear" "hearken"; cf. Anast. I 20,6 (with punishments have been threatened or described.
1942	a superfluous m); Anast. IV 5,4; both rather obscure 4) H3' 13-f r, cf. Anast. V 6,1; 15,7 = Sall. I
1943	passages. 6,z; Pap. Turin 88, Il; Israel stele i1; Berlin
1944	3) These words must refer to the lazy pupil Ostracon 11247 (Hierat. Pap. III, 35).
1945	c. A letter concerning Nubian tribute.
1946	a letter supposed to be sent by a high official named Paser, probably the
1947	Viceroy himself, to a Nubian chieftain, ordering him to make ready the tribute of his district
1948	without delay. The interest of the section centres in the long enumeration of the Nubian
1949	products, the best list of the kind that exists among our literary records. A shorter but
1950	interesting list occurs in the letter from Rameses XII to his Viceroy Pinehasi (PLEYTE-ROSSI.
1951	Papyrus de Turin 66. 67). A duplicate of the beginning of the present letter, with a rather
1952	different text, occurs on a potsherd discovered by QUIBELL in the course of his excavations
1953	at the Ramesseum; it has been published by SPIEGELBERG in his volume Hieratic Ostraka
1954	and Papyri (Egyptian Research Account, extra volume, 1898), plate 5, no. 39a. Besides the
1955	translations by WIEDEMANN and ERMAN already mentioned, there is an incomplete rendering
1956	by H. BRUGSCI in his book Sieben Falre der Hungersnoth (Leipzig 1891), p. 115.
1957	The fan-bearer at the right hand of the king, the captain of auxiliary
1958	troops, the overseer of the countries of Kush, Paser', writes to him who protects
1959	3,5 his people?, to wit: — This communication is brought to thee saying: when my
1960	letter reaches thee thou shalt cause the tribute to be made ready" in all its items*, in
1961	izuz-bulls, young g3-bulls, wndw-bulls, gazelles, oryxes", ibexes®, ostriches'; their
1962	broad-boats, cattle-boats® and (ordinary) boats being ready to hand(?), their
1963	1) The titles are unusual, but "fanbearer" etc. 4) Lit. "in. all its things".
1964	and "overseer of the lands of Kush" suggest that 5) M3-hd, for this animal see voN BıssiNG, Masi.
1965	the "Royal Son of Kush" is meant. One "Royal d, Gemnikai I 34, and for the spelling cf. Harris I 4,8;
1966	Son" or "Viceroy" named Paser lived in the reign 20a,12.13 etc.
1967	be mentioned under Rameses II on a monument at of Eye (stelae at Gebel Addeh); another seems to ; anotier sen to found first in Benihasan II 4. 13; for the animal, see 6) Nr3w, a late writing of the old word ni3w,
1968	Naples, see BruGscH, Thesaurus, 953. VON BIssIng, op. cit., p. 35.
1969	2) Mtk rmt-f is found nowhere else either as
1970	a title or as a proper name. Sp., H. O. had a 7) Niw, already Pyr. 46ga; a good instance
1971	Urk. IV 19; cf. too below 4.1.
1972	differentreading: "[to.. •... the overseer(?)
1973	of the ...... of] Kush" 8) Hn-thw, cf. Anast. IV 6,11; 7,6; Harris I
1974	3) Variant of Sp., H. O., "thou shalt take heed 12b, 11 ; 69,13.
1975	to have [the tribute] made ready". 9) Tptt-dt, only here.
p. 47
1976	Koller 41*
1977	skippers and their crews prepared for starting; much gold wrought into dishes!,
1978	refined gold(?) in bushels(?), good gold, precious stones(?)" of the desert in bags
1979	4,1 of red cloth, ivory and ebony, ostrich® feathers, nebk fruit in ........., bread
1980	of the nebk*, 5-l-r-k-b-y of(?) m-y-n-y-h-s", h-ke-k° °, Js-y', panther skins, gum®,
1981	didy-berries°, red jasper", amethyst(?)", crystal", cats of Miw', baboons, apes,
1982	Inw-vessels containing hnti(t)-pigment", cyperus-roots(?)" ,sacks(.) and ps-packets(??)";
1983	numerous men of 'Ir-m-i" in front of the revenues, their staves(??) ' adorned with
1984	45 gold, ....... ......" containing.........., 20 .ed"with."
1985	1) Dd-l, so written too Anast. IV 16,2, is a writing of hm3g3t, which is mentioned elsewhere as
1986	flat dish, cf. Urk. IV 631; the word occurs already a product of Nubia, see BruGscH, Sieben Jahre der
1987	in he Old Kingdom, cf. L., D. Il28, and its connection Hungersnot, p. 129. LEPSIUS-BEREND (Les Mélaux,
1988	with the Hebrew y17 seems very doubtful. p. 21 footnote) cites Hoskins for the fact that this
1989	2) Gmw, an unknown word. precious stone is depicted as red. If this evidence
1990	3) Nrw is a spelling for niw (see above p. 40*, be relied upon, hm3g3-i might be carnelian, hnm-l
1991	n.7) cf. Pap. Turin 125, 6. being red jasper; or vice versa. However a word
1992	4) The tree called nbs in Egyptian, in Old Coptic for "amethyst" is still wanting, and I prefer provisio-
1993	пoтhс (1. Z. 38 (1900], 87), is the zizyphus, or nally to identify hm3g3-t with this.
1994	Christ's thorn-tree, called by the Arabs ü.; its fruit 12) 'I-y-k-b-s is rightly identified by Bondı, Lehn-
1995	is sweet and palatable when ripe; the "bread of the wörter 28, with Hebrew wings3x Assyrian algamiśu.
1996	nbs-tree", mentioned here and in the lists of offerings, 13) Miw, a Nubian district, mentioned Urk. IV
1997	is probably a cake made from the dried fruit. See 796 and often.
1998	Maspero's article Proc. S. B. A. 13, 496—498. — 14) Hnti(?) is often mentioned as a material used
1999	Hmhm is unknown. in writing, e. g. Pap. Leiden 347, 12,9; Tolb. ed.
2000	5) Two unknown Nubian words, of which the NAV., 130,44; 134,17; together with other colours
2001	first is probably the name of a fruit, the second that used for writing or painting, cf. Mission XV 26 (Luxor);
2002	of a tree. Ostracon Cairo 25247; śny-vessels containing hnli (?),
2003	6) H-k-k, a fruit of some kind, conjectured by cf. Harris I 65a, 3; 74,2. Possibly this is the name
2004	BruGscH to be that of the dum-palm, sec Wörterb. of the raw material out of which the ordinary red
2005	Suppl. 855; further examples in the Pelrie Ostraca paint was made.
2006	31. 37; for the spelling here cf.-Harris I 19b, 12; 15) Nfw is compared by NEWBERRY (Proc. S.B.A.
2007	36b, 5. 22,146-148) to a vegetable product, the root of
2008	7) Šs-y, probably a fruit, is mentioned next to the Cyperus esculentus, L., still known in the Sudan
2009	h-k-k in Harris I 65a, 4. 5 and again ibid. 74, 3.4. under the name ge.
2010	8) Kmy "gum", хopu in Greek and кoмн in 16) Ps, cí. Harris I 65a, 8; 74,6, in connection
2011	Boheiric, see especially KrAlL, Studien z. Gesch. d. with n/w.
2012	allen Aegypten IV, 27-30. 17) 'Ir-mi, a well known tribe of the Sudan, cf.
2013	9) Didy, according to BrUGsCH (A. 2. 29, Urk. IV 333. 796; La, D. III 218 c and elsewhere.
2014	[1891), 31-33) the magically potent red berry of MAsPErO (Rec. de Trav. 8,84) recalled the fact
2015	the mandrake; this plant was particularly abundant that the Galla race call themselves Ilm Orma "the
2016	in Elephantine, cf. besides BrugscH's references Urk. sons of Orma", and concluded that the ancient word
2017	1V, 55. Pliny (Hisl. Nal. 24, 102) mentions a plant "Ir-m-l is preserved in the modern Ilm; ToMKINs
2018	called ophiusa which grew at Elephantine and posses- (Rec. de Trav. 10,98) prefers to identify 'Ir-m-l with
2019	sed very remarkable properties. Orma, and if the name Ilm Orma has anything at all
2020	10) Enm-l, probably either red jasper or carne- to do with 'Iy-m-l, this surely is the more likely view
2021	lian; for the colour cf. L., D. III 117 = CHaMp., Nol. of the two, Ilm meaning simply "sons of" like
2022	Descr. I 479; Zauberspr. I. Mutter ». Kind 1,1; Arabic gi.
2023	Turin Love-songs 2,3- The knot-amulet, which is 18) "I-b-r-d(?)-1, an unknown word.
2024	usually of jasper or cornelian, is said in Tolb. ed 19) K-r-k-r-1-b-l is unknown, and the verb (?) S-33-W
2025	LEPs., 159 to be made of 2nm-t. The Hebrew Mabnx has a very suspicious appearance.
2026	was compared with lnm-l by BrugscH, Wörlerb. 1100; 20) S-n(v)v is a ánal LEybuEro».
2027	but LXX interprets this as duégvaros. Unm-l as 21) Iflf in Pap. Iurin 74,5 means "to be dis-
2028	a product of Nubia, cf. Pap. Iurin 67,11; Sehel, turbed" "fluttered" like the simplex ifi; its sense here
2029	Famine Inscriplion 16. is unknown.
2030	11) H-m-f is without doubt merely a variant 22) Hpl-t, another unknown word.
2031	Gardiner. 6
p. 48
2032	42* Literary Texts of the New Kingdom
2033	and with all precious stones; tall men of I-rk' in loin-cloths(?), their fans® of
2034	gold, wearing high feathers®, their bracelets(??)* of woven thread; many Negroes
2035	of all sorts®. Increase thy contribution every year! Have a care for thy head,
2036	and turn thee from thy indolence. Thou art [old]; look to it diligently®, and
2037	beware! Be mindful of the day' when the revenues are brought, and thou passest
2038	5,1 into the Presence beneath the Balcony®; the nobles ranged on either side in
2039	front of his Majesty, the chiefs and envoys® of every land standing gazing and
2040	looking at the revenues. Thou art afraid and shrinkest(.)", thy hand grows feeble,
2041	and thou knowest not whether it be death or life that lies before thee". Thou
2042	art profuse in prayers [to] thy gods: "Save me, prosper me' this one time!"
2043	1) I-y-h does not seem to occur elsewhere, 5) M inw no, see above p. 7*, n. 6.
2044	unless the name hitherto read 3-7-k (URK. IV 796; 6) For 6, see ERMAN's remarks A. Z. 42 (1905),
2045	DE MORGAN, Cat. d. Mon. I 67) should really be 107.
2046	read with the liw-bird. 7) Cf. sh3 nk hrw n hrs, Sinuhe B 190.
2047	2) Bh-t, ct. Harris 1 21a, 2; Harris 500, 8) Sšd, see p. 17*, n. 6.
2048	recto 3,1I; the phrase hbs bh-t "to carry(?) the fan" 9) Mšyti, only here; from mš' "to travel".
2049	cf. DavIes, Amarna VI 20; Anast. III 8,6 = 10) Thbh is probably to be emended into inbh,
2050	Anast. IV 16,5; L., D. IIl 218 c. for which see Admonilions p. 67.
2051	3) ERMAN regards the words "high of feathers" 11) For n ... n "whether .... or", see In-
2052	as an attribute of the fans; this appears to me less scription of Mes, p. 16.
2053	probable. 12) Swd3-t, probably infinitive used as impera-
2054	4) K-r-m-l occurs again only in the description tive, see SETHE, Verbum II § 566; see above p. 22*,
2055	of Negroes Anast. III 8,7 = Anast. IV 16,6 "their n. 17, and cf. in-i, Pap. Bibl. Nat. 197, 4, 6; int-i,
2056	R-r-m-t are upon (r) their hands". Pap. Bibl. Nat. 197,6, 2.
2057	d. An order to make preparations for Pharaoh's arrival.
2058	The three remaining lines of the fifth page of the Koller, after which the papyrus
2059	abruptly ends, contain the beginning of a long letter that is more completely preserved in
2060	Anastasi IV 13,8—17,9. A detailed consideration of this letter would here be out of place,
2061	and the translation of the three lines preserved in the Koller is given below only for
2062	the sake of completeness. The entire text will be dealt with later in connection with
2063	Anastasi IV.
2064	5,5 The scribe Amenope writes (to) the scribe Paibēs. This letter is brought
2065	unto thee to say: — Take heed to have preparations made for Pharaoh, thy
2066	good lord, in fair and excellent order. Do not draw down punishment upon
2067	thyself. Look to it diligently, and beware! Do not be remiss! List of all the
2068	things that thou shalt cause to be provided. - Let materials be procured for
2069	the basket-makers consisting of reeds and and is-r-grass; and likewise ........
2070	..............End).
2071	Druck von August Pries in Leipzig.

Provenance

title: Gardiner – Egyptian Hieratic Texts, Series I: Literary Texts of the New Kingdom, Part I: Papyrus Anastasi I (Leipzig 1911) — OCR (Apple Vision)
dialect: none
source: corpus/incoming/e-2/gardiner-anastasi-i-1911/ — Apple Vision OCR (tools/e2_ocr.py, worker E-2, 2026-09-29) of corpus/incoming/hieratic-palaeography/gardiner_egyptian-hieratic-texts_anastasi-I_1911.pdf, 42 PDF pages; provenance and verification in corpus/incoming/e-2/STAGING.md
licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): PD-US (published ≤1930)
share: public
attribution: Gardiner – Egyptian Hieratic Texts, Series I: Literary Texts of the New Kingdom, Part I: Papyrus Anastasi I (Leipzig 1911); public domain in Canada (death year verified: Gardiner d.1963: PDF Author field "Gardiner, Alan Henderson, Sir, 1879-1963" of corpus/incoming/hieratic-palaeography/gardiner_egyptian-hieratic-texts_anastasi-I_1911.pdf (pdfinfo, read 2026-09-29). The PDF has NO title page (pp. 1–6 cover/blank/IA slip; text starts p. 7); p. 7 note "proofs … compared with the original in September 1910. Gardiner"; p. 155 library card "Gardiner, (Sir) Alan Henderson, Egyptian hieratic texts pt.1". Year 1911 from the filename and hieratic-palaeography/README.md, not seen on a title page · note (PROPOSED-scan_copyright-E-2.csv): this in-PDF heading is the Gardiner source the thebanostracaedi00royauoft row lacks (E-2 volume gardiner-anastasi-i-1911)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
OCR: Apple Vision VNRecognizeTextRequest rev 3, accurate, language correction off, via tools/vision_ocr/vision_ocr (NC-4/NC-9); macOS Version 26.6.2 (Build 25G83); render pdftoppm 400 dpi gray; 1 text column(s) read separately (page 1; per page in the staged records); NOT D2: no CER against hand-read GT for this volume — the only figure is agreement with the scanner's own text layer (corpus/incoming/e-2/cer.tsv), not accuracy (CLAUDE.md §1.3)
file: Ancient Egyptian/Hieratic/Hieratic ostraca and papyri — facsimile catalogues/Gardiner, Egyptian Hieratic Texts I.1 — Papyrus Anastasi I (1911).vision-ocr.L0.txt

Cite as:

Gardiner – Egyptian Hieratic Texts, Series I: Literary Texts of the New Kingdom, Part I: Papyrus Anastasi I (Leipzig 1911) — OCR (Apple Vision). corpus/incoming/e-2/gardiner-anastasi-i-1911/ — Apple Vision OCR (tools/e2_ocr.py, worker E-2, 2026-09-29) of corpus/incoming/hieratic-palaeography/gardiner_egyptian-hieratic-texts_anastasi-I_1911.pdf, 42 PDF pages; provenance and verification in corpus/incoming/e-2/STAGING.md. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/ancient-egyptian/hieratic/hieratic-ostraca-and-papyri-facsimile-catalogues/gardiner-egyptian-hieratic-texts-i.1-papyrus-anastasi-i-1911.vision-ocr/. Gardiner – Egyptian Hieratic Texts, Series I: Literary Texts of the New Kingdom, Part I: Papyrus Anastasi I (Leipzig 1911); public domain in Canada (death year verified: Gardiner d.1963: PDF Author field "Gardiner, Alan Henderson, Sir, 1879-1963" of corpus/incoming/hieratic-palaeography/gardiner_egyptian-hieratic-texts_anastasi-I_1911.pdf (pdfinfo, read 2026-09-29). The PDF has NO title page (pp. 1–6 cover/blank/IA slip; text starts p. 7); p. 7 note "proofs … compared with the original in September 1910. Gardiner"; p. 155 library card "Gardiner, (Sir) Alan Henderson, Egyptian hieratic texts pt.1". Year 1911 from the filename and hieratic-palaeography/README.md, not seen on a title page · note (PROPOSED-scan_copyright-E-2.csv): this in-PDF heading is the Gardiner source the thebanostracaedi00royauoft row lacks (E-2 volume gardiner-anastasi-i-1911)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.

Source and licence

The text

Provenance

L0 witness (OCR)

What the layers are