06_Romans_03 — Coptic · Cairene

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Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 06_Romans_03

Attribution: 06_Romans_03 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 06_Romans_03, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

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English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
3:1	ⲟⲩ ϫⲉⲡⲉ ⲡϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲙⲡⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲁϣ ⲡⲉ ⲡϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲉⲃⲓ .	ⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ϩⲟⲩⲟ̀ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲁϣ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲉⲃⲓ.	ou je pe p̀houò ǹpiioudai ie aṡ pe p̀hyou ǹpisevi.	Then what advantage does the Jew have? Or what is the profit of circumcision?
3:2	ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲡⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲥⲁ ⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲙⲉⲛ ϫⲉⲁⲩⲧⲉⲛϩⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ .	Ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲡⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲙⲉⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲧⲉⲛϩⲟⲩⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲛⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ.	Ouniṡti pe kata sa ǹryti niven ǹṡorp men je avtenhoutou ènisaji ǹte f̀nouti.	Much in every way! Because first of all, they were entrusted with the oracles of God.
3:3	ⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲁⲧⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛϫⲉϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲑⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲁⲕⲉⲣϥ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲧⲉⲫϯ	Ⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲁⲧⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲙⲏ ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲁⲑⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲁⲕⲉⲣϥ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ	Ou ġar isje averatnahti ǹje hanouon my toumetaθnahti nakerf pinahti ǹte f̀nouti	For what if some were without faith? Will their lack of faith nullify the faithfulness of God?
3:4	ⲛⲛⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲇⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏ ⲓⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϩⲟⲡⲱⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲕϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϯ ϩⲁⲡ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ .	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲇⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏ ⲓⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲥ̀ϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϩⲟⲡⲱⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϯ ϩⲁⲡ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ.	ǹnesṡōpi mare f̀nouti ḋe ṡōpi ǹrefjemeθmy iouoh rōmi niven nrefjemeθnoug kata f̀ryti ets̀xyout hopōs ǹtekmai xen nek·saji ouoh ǹtekċro evnati hap èrok.	May it never be! Yes, let God be found true, but every man a liar. As it is written, 'That you might be justified in your words, and might prevail when you come into judgment.'
3:5	ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉⲧϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲥ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲟϥ ⲙⲏ ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲁⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲫⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲣⲱⲙⲓ	Ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲙⲉⲧϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲣⲁⲧⲥ ⲟⲩ ⲡ̀ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲟϥ ⲙⲏ ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲁⲓϫⲱ ⲛ̀ⲫⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲣⲱⲙⲓ	Isje tenmetċingons eθnatahe timeθmyi ǹte f̀nouti èrats ou p̀etennagof my ourefċingons pe f̀nouti efnaìni m̀pefgōnt aigō ǹfai xen oumetrōmi	But if our unrighteousness commends the righteousness of God, what will we say? Is God unrighteous who inflicts wrath? I speak like men do.
3:6	ⲛⲛⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲱⲥ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁϯϩⲁⲡ ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ .	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲱⲥ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁϯϩⲁⲡ ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ.	ǹnesṡōpi m̀mon pōs f̀nouti natihap èpikosmos.	May it never be! For then how will God judge the world?
3:7	ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲇⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁⲥⲉⲣϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲓⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲟⲩ ⲥⲉϯϩⲁⲡ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ϩⲱ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ .	Ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲇⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁⲥⲉⲣϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲙⲉⲑⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲓⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲥⲉϯϩⲁⲡ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲓ ϩⲱ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ.	Isje ḋe timeθmyi ǹte f̀nouti aserhouo epefōou ǹh̀ryi xen tameθnoug ie eθve ou setihap èroi hō ǹf̀ryti ǹourefernovi.	For if the truth of God through my lie abounded to his glory, why am I also still judged as a sinner?
3:8	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲟⲩⲁ ⲉⲣⲟⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲣⲟⲛ ϫⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ⲛⲛⲓⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲥⲉⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛϫⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲡ ⲭⲏ ϧⲁⲡϩⲁⲡ .	Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧⲟⲩϫⲉⲟⲩⲁ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲛ ϫⲉ ϣⲁⲛϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲥⲓ ⲛⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ ⲛⲏ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲡ ⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ⲡ̀ϩⲁⲡ.	Ouoh kata f̀ryti an ètoujeoua èron m̀mof ǹf̀ryti ète ouon hanouon gō m̀mos èron je ṡangos je marenìri ǹnipet·hōou hina ǹsi nan ǹje nipeθnanev ny ète pouhap ky xa p̀hap.	Why not (as we are slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say), 'Let us do evil, that good may come?' Those who say so are justly condemned.
3:9	ⲟⲩ ϫⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲣϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲛϫⲉⲙ ⲁⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲉⲛⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲓⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ ϫⲉⲥⲉⲭⲏ ϧⲁⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ .	Ⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲙ ⲁⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲉ̀ⲛⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ.	Ou je ouon houo ǹtoten ou pantōs an èrṡorp ǹje m ariki èniioudai nem nioueinin je seky xa f̀novi tyrou.	What then? Are we better than they? No, in no way. For we previously warned both Jews and Greeks, that they are all under sin.
3:10	ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ	Ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲥ̀ϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϫⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲑ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ	Kata f̀ryti ets̀xyout je m̀mon ouθ̀myi m̀mavatf	As it is written, 'There is no one righteous; no, not one.
3:11	ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲕⲁϯ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲧϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛⲥⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ .	ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲕⲁϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲧϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ.	m̀mon petkati m̀mon petṡini ǹsa f̀nouti.	There is no one who understands. There is no one who seeks after God.
3:12	ⲁⲩⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲁⲧϣⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲓⲣⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲭⲣⲥ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϣⲁⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ .	Ⲁⲩⲣⲓⲕⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲁⲧϣⲁⲩ ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲭⲣⲥ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ϣⲁⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲁⲓ.	Avriki èvol tyrou averatṡav evsop m̀mon petìri ǹoumetkrs m̀mon ṡaèxoun èouai.	They have all turned aside. They have together become unprofitable. There is no one who does good, no, not, so much as one.'
3:13	ⲟⲩⲙϩⲁⲩ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲏⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲧⲟⲩϣⲃⲱⲃⲓ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲭⲣⲟϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲟⲩⲗⲁⲥ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲑⲟⲩⲓ ⲛϩⲟϥ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲁⲛⲟⲩⲥⲫⲟⲧⲟⲩ .	Ⲟⲩⲙ̀ϩⲁⲩ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲏⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲧⲟⲩϣⲃⲱⲃⲓ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲭⲣⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲗⲁⲥ ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲑⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲟϥ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲫⲟⲧⲟⲩ.	Oum̀hav efouyn pe touṡvōvi averkrof èvol xen poulas oumaθoui ǹhof etky xa nous̀fotou.	'Their throat is an open tomb. With their tongues they have used deceit.'
3:14	ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲉϩ ⲛⲥⲁϩⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲉⲙϣⲁϣⲓ .	Ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲉϩ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁϩⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ϣⲁϣⲓ.	Nai ète rōou meh ǹsahoui nem ṡaṡi.	'Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness.'
3:15	ⲥⲉⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲛϫⲉⲛⲟⲩϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲉⲫⲉⲛ ⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ .	Ⲥⲉⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲉ̀ⲫⲉⲛ ⲥ̀ⲛⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ.	Seiysous ǹje nouċalavg èfen s̀nof èvol.	'Their feet are swift to shed blood.
3:16	ⲡϧⲟⲙϧⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲧⲁⲗⲉⲡⲱⲣⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϩⲓⲛⲟⲩⲙⲱⲓⲧ .	Ⲡ̀ϧⲟⲙϧⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡ̀ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲡⲱⲣⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϩⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲱⲓⲧ.	P̀xomxem nem p̀talepōria etky hi noumōit.	Destruction and misery are in their ways.
3:17	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲧⲉϯϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϥ .	Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϯϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϥ.	Ouoh f̀mōit ǹte tihiryny m̀pousouōnf.	The way of peace, they haven't known.'
3:18	ϯϩⲟϯ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲭⲏ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ .	Ϯϩⲟϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲭⲏ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲁⲗ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ.	Tihoti ǹte f̀nouti ky ǹpem̀θo ǹnouval èvol an.	'There is no fear of God before their eyes.'
3:19	ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲙⲓ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉⲛⲏ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲱϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲑⲱⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁⲡⲓϩⲁⲡ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ .	Ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲙⲓ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛⲏ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲣⲱϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲑⲱⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓϩⲁⲡ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ.	Tenemi ḋe je ny tyrou ète pinomos gō m̀mōou afgō m̀mōou ǹny etxen pinomos hina ǹte rōf ǹouon niven θōm ouoh ǹte pikosmos tyrf ṡōpi xa pihap ǹte f̀nouti.	Now we know that whatever things the law says, it speaks to those who are under the law, that every mouth may be closed, and all the world may be brought under the judgment of God.
3:20	ϫⲉⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲓϩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲛⲁⲙⲁⲓ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲡⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲓ .	Ϫⲉ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϩ̀ⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ϩ̀ⲗⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲛⲁⲙⲁⲓ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲁ ⲡ̀ⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲓ.	Je èvol xen nih̀vyoui ǹte pinomos m̀mon h̀li ǹsarks namai xaten f̀nouti èvol hiten pinomos a p̀·souen f̀novi ṡōpi.	Because by the works of the law, no flesh will be justified in his sight. For through the law comes the knowledge of sin.
3:21	ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲧϭⲛⲉⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩⲉⲣⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ϧⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲓⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ .	Ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲧϭⲛⲉⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲁϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩⲉⲣⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ϧⲁⲣⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲡ̀ⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ.	Tinou ḋe atċnepinomos atimeθmyi ǹte f̀nouti asouōnh èvol evermeθre xaros èvol hiten pinomos nem nip̀rofytys.	But now apart from the law, a righteousness of God has been revealed, being testified by the law and the prophets;
3:22	ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ϯⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϩϯ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲫⲱⲣϫ ⲅⲁⲣ ϣⲟⲡ	Ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ϯⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϩϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲫⲱⲣϫ ⲅⲁⲣ ϣⲟⲡ	Timeθmyi ḋe ǹte f̀nouti tièvol hiten f̀nahti ǹiysous pix̀ristos xen ouon niven eθnahti m̀mon fōrg ġar ṡop	even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all and on all those who believe. For there is no distinction,
3:23	ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉϣⲁⲧ ⲙⲡⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ .	ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉϣⲁⲧ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ.	avernovi tyrou ouoh seṡat ǹp̀ōou ǹf̀nouti.	for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God;
3:24	ⲉⲩⲑⲙⲁⲓⲟ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϫⲓⲛϫⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉϥϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲱϯ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛⲡⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ .	Ⲉⲩⲑⲙⲁⲓⲟ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϫⲓⲛϫⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩ̀ⲙⲟⲧ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲱϯ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ.	Evθmaio m̀mōou ǹjinjy xen pefh̀mot èvol hiten pisōti fy etxen pix̀ristos iysous.	being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus;
3:25	ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲛⲭⲁϥ ⲛϫⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲭ ⲱⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛϩⲣⲏ ⲓϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲫⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲡⲭⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲓϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲛⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ	Ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲛ̀ⲭⲁϥ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲉϥⲭ ⲱ̀ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛ̀ϩⲣⲏ ⲓ̀ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲥ̀ⲛⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲫ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡ̀ⲭⲱ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ	Fy etaferṡorp ǹkaf ǹje f̀nouti ǹourefk ṑ èvol èvol hiten f̀nahti ǹhry ì xen pefs̀nof èf̀ouonh èvol ǹte tefmeθmyi eθve p̀kō èvol ǹte niṡorp ǹnovi ètavṡōpi	whom God set forth to be an atoning sacrifice, through faith in his blood, for a demonstration of his righteousness through the passing over of prior sins, in God's forbearance;
3:26	ϧⲉⲛϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲥϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϫⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛϩⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲁⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉϯⲛⲟⲩ ϫⲉϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲑⲙⲁⲓⲟ ⲙⲡⲓⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ .	ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲉⲥϭⲱⲣⲡ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲑ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲑⲙⲁⲓⲟ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ.	xen timetrefōou ǹhyt ǹte f̀nouti èθresċōrp èvol ǹje tefmeθmyi ǹh̀ryi xen paisyou ǹte tinou je hina ǹtefṡōpi efoi ǹθ̀myi ouoh efθmaio ǹpièvol xen f̀nahti ǹiysous pix̀ristos.	to demonstrate his righteousness at this present time; that he might himself be just, and the justifier of him who has faith in Jesus.
3:27	ⲁϥⲑⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲓϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲙⲁϣⲑⲁⲙ ⲉⲣⲱϥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲁϣ ⲛⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓϩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲁϩϯ .	Ⲁϥⲑⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲡ̀ϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲙⲁϣ̀ⲑⲁⲙ ⲉ̀ⲣⲱϥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲁϣ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓϩ̀ⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲁϩϯ.	Afθōn oun p̀ṡouṡou avmaṡ̀θam èrōf hitenaṡ ǹnomos fa nih̀vyoui m̀mon alla èvol hiten f̀nomos ǹte f̀nahti.	Where then is the boasting? It is excluded. By what manner of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith.
3:28	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲡ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉϥⲛⲁⲙⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲁϩϯ ⲁⲧϭⲛⲉⲛⲓϩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ .	Ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲉⲡ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲙⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲁϩϯ ⲁⲧϭⲛⲉⲛⲓϩ̀ⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ.	Tennaep ourōmi ġar je f̀namai xen f̀nahti atċnenih̀vyouì ǹte pinomos.	We maintain therefore that a man is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.
3:29	ϣⲁⲛ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲁϩⲁ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ .	Ϣⲁⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲁ̀ϩⲁ ⲫⲁ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ.	Ṡan f̀nouti fa niioudai mmavatou pe ouoh fa nikeeθnos ǹθōou an pe àha fa nikeeθnos hōou pe.	Or is God the God of Jews only? Isn't he the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also,
3:30	ⲓⲥϫⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲑⲙⲁⲓⲉ ⲡⲥⲉⲃⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲉⲙϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲥⲉⲃⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ .	Ⲓⲥϫⲉ ϩⲁⲣⲁ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲑⲙⲁⲓⲉ ⲡ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲥⲉⲃⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ.	Isje hara ouai pe f̀nouti fy eθnaθmaie p̀·sevi èvol xen f̀nahti nem timetatsevi èvol hiten pinahti.	since indeed there is one God who will justify the circumcised by faith, and the uncircumcised through faith.
3:31	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲉⲣϥ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛⲛⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ .	Ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲉⲣϥ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲣⲁⲧϥ.	Tennakerf pinomos oun èvol hiten pinahti ǹnesṡōpi alla pinomos tennataho m̀mof èratf.	Do we then nullify the law through faith? May it never be! No, we establish the law.

Provenance

title: 06_Romans_03
dialect: bohairic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 06_Romans_03
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)
share: attribution
attribution: 06_Romans_03 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 06_Romans_03, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.0.0, 2024-10-31)
file: Bible/New Testament/Romans/03.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: 06_Romans_03 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 03.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 06_Romans_03)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 06_Romans_03 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 06_Romans_03, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/cairene.py from_witness on the L0 text (L1 = Cairene(N(L0)), RI-038 2026-09-16; RI-029 2026-09-11; DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09: punctuation O-6, jinkim O-3; segmentation-aware jinkim + spelling verdicts from the witness-aligned CoNLL-U segmentation, C3b; 2026-09-09 evening rulings: word division church, "until" base ϣⲁⲧⲉ-, nomina sacra ⲓ̅ⲥ̅/ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦/Ⲑⲥ̅/Ⲩⲥ̅ expanded; numerals and abbreviations resolved by the normalization stage)
file: Bible/New Testament/Romans/03.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: 06_Romans_03 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 03.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 06_Romans_03 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 06_Romans_03, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/New Testament/Romans/03.bohairic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 31 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: World English Bible (WEB) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.nt, 06_Romans_03 (31 lines)

Cite as:

06_Romans_03. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 06_Romans_03. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/new-testament/romans/03.bohairic.scriptorium/. 06_Romans_03 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 06_Romans_03, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.