Ecclesiastes 6 — Coptic · Cairene

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Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 21_Ecclesiastes_06

Attribution: Ecclesiastes 6 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 21_Ecclesiastes_06, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Full provenance and citation

The text

11 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
6:1	ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲓⲁ ⲉⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲁⲣⲱϥ ⲙⲡⲣⲏ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲥ ϩⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲧⲡⲉ	ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲓⲁ ⲉⲁⲓⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ϥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲥ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ	ouon ouponyria eainav èros èjen f ǹp̀ry ouoh naṡōs xarof ǹt̀fe	There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is abundant with man:
6:2	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧⲣⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲙⲛϩⲉⲛϩⲩⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛⲧⲁ ⲙⲛⲟⲩⲉⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲉϥϣⲁⲁⲧ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲗⲁⲁⲩ ϩⲛⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϩⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲉⲡⲉⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ ⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲙⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϯ ⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲧⲣⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ ϫⲉⲟⲩϣⲙⲙⲟ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲟⲩⲟⲙⲥ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩϣⲱⲛⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲛ	ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲣⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛϩⲩⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛⲧⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲱ̀ⲟⲩ ⲉⲛ̀ϥϣⲁⲁⲧ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲉⲡⲉⲓⲑⲩⲙⲉⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲉⲙⲙⲟ ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲟⲩⲟⲙⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲛⲏⲣⲟⲛ	ète θai ḋe ourōmi ère f̀nouti nati naf ǹoum̀ntrmmao nem hanhiparxōnta nem ouṑou eǹfṡaat an ǹlaav xen tefpsiṡy xen netefnaepeiθimei èrōou tyrou ouoh ǹteṡtemf̀nouti tai eksousia naf èθrefouōm èvol ǹxyts je ouṡemmo ǹrōmi petnaouoms fai oupetṡouit pe ouoh ouṡōni pe ǹponyron	a man to whom God shall give wealth, and substance, and honour, and he wants nothing for his soul of all things that he shall desire, yet God shall not give him power to eat of it, for a stranger shall devour it: this is vanity, and an evil infirmity.
6:3	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ϫⲡⲉϣⲏ ⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲣⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲥⲛⲁⲥⲉⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙⲡⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲓⲥⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩ ⲛϩⲟⲩϩⲉ ⲉⲣⲟϥ	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲡ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϫⲡⲉϣⲏ ⲛ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲁϣⲏ ⲛ̀ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲣⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩⲉⲓ ⲁ̀ϣⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛ̀ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲕⲁⲓⲥⲓ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲁⲓϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ϩⲟⲩϩⲉ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ	erṡanp̀rōmi gpeṡy ǹṡyri ouoh ǹtefōnx ǹouaṡy ǹrompi ǹtenehōou ǹnefrmpoouei àṡai ouoh tefpsiṡy ǹsnasi an èvol xen p̀ounof ouoh on ǹp̀kaisi ṡōpi naf aigos je nane ǹhouhe èrof	If a man beget a hundred children, and live many years, yea, however abundant the days of his years shall be, yet if his soul shall not be satisfied with good, and also he have no burial; I said, An untimely birth is better than he.
6:4	ϫⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲉⲓ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲟⲛ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲃⲥ ϩⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ	ϫⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲃⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ	je ntafi xen oupetṡouit efnavōk on xen oukake ouoh èrepefran nahōvs xen p̀kahi	For he came in vanity, and departs in darkness, and his name shall be covered in darkness.
6:5	ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲣⲏ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲉⲙⲟⲧⲛⲉⲥ ⲡⲁⲓ ϭⲉ ⲥⲟⲧⲡ ⲉⲡⲁⲓ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲏ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲉⲙⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ⲙⲟⲧⲛⲉⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ϭⲉ ⲥⲟⲧⲡ ⲉ̀ⲫⲁⲓ	ouoh m̀pefnav èp̀ry m̀pefemi on èmotnes fai ċe sotp èfai	Moreover he has not seen the sun, nor known rest: there is no more rest to this one than another.
6:6	ⲕⲁⲛ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛϣⲟ ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ϩⲛⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲙⲏ ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲕⲁ ϭⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲱⲧ	ⲕⲁⲛ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲁⲩⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̀ϣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲙⲏ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲛⲕⲁ ϭⲉ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱⲧ	kan eṡōp avōnx ǹṡo ǹrompi xen ǹmōit ouoh m̀pefnav èounof my èrenka ċe niven navōk ehrai èouma ǹouōt	Though he has lived to the return of a thousand years, yet he has seen no good: do not all go to one place?
6:7	ⲡϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲙⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϥⲃⲏⲕ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩϩ ⲁⲛ	ⲡ̀ϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉϥⲃⲏⲕ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲁⲙⲟϩ ⲁⲛ	p̀xisi tyrf ǹp̀rōmi efvyk èxoun èteftapro ouoh tefpsiṡy namoh an	All the labour of a man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite shall not be satisfied.
6:8	ϫⲉⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϩⲟⲩⲟ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ⲙⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲉ ⲡⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉⲡϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲧⲣⲉϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲙⲡⲙⲧⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲱⲛϩ	ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲩⲟ̀ ϣⲟⲡ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲉϥⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲱⲛϧ	je ouon ouhouò ṡop ǹp̀·sofos èhote p̀at·hyt je p̀hyki sōoun èθrefmoṡi ǹp̀m̀θo èvol ǹp̀ōnx	For what advantage has the wise man over the fool, since even the poor knows how to walk in the direction of life?
6:9	ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲙⲛⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ	ⲟⲩⲁ̀ⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲗ ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉϥⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲓⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ	ouàġaθos pe p̀nav ǹǹval èhote petmoṡi nem tefpsiṡy ouoh fai oupetṡouit pe ouoh ououōṡ pe ǹp̀nevma	The sight of the eyes is better than that which wanders in soul: this is also vanity, and waywardness of spirit.
6:10	ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲏⲇⲏ ⲁⲩϯⲣⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϥⲛⲁϫⲓ ϩⲁⲡ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲛⲡϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ ⲉⲣⲟϥ	ⲡⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲏⲇⲏ ⲁⲩϯⲣⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲉⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲓ ϩⲁⲡ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡ̀ϫⲱⲣ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ	petafṡōpi yḋy avtiran èrof ouoh avemi èrof je ourōmi pe ouoh ǹtefnaji hap an nem p̀gōr èrof	If anything has been, its name has already been called: and it is known what man is; neither can he contend with him who is stronger than he.
6:11	ϫⲉⲟⲩⲛϩⲉⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉⲩⲧⲁϣⲟ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ	ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲩⲧⲁϣⲟ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲡⲉⲧϣⲟⲩⲓⲧ	je ouon hansaji evtaṡo ǹhanpetṡouit	For there are many things which increase vanity.

Provenance

title: Ecclesiastes 6
dialect: sahidic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 21_Ecclesiastes_06
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Ecclesiastes 6 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 21_Ecclesiastes_06, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Ecclesiastes/06.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: Ecclesiastes 6 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 06.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 21_Ecclesiastes_06)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Ecclesiastes 6 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 21_Ecclesiastes_06, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: tokens=158
file: Bible/Old Testament/Ecclesiastes/06.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: Ecclesiastes 6 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 06.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Ecclesiastes 6 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 21_Ecclesiastes_06, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Ecclesiastes/06.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 11 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 21_Ecclesiastes_06 (11 lines)

Cite as:

Ecclesiastes 6. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 21_Ecclesiastes_06. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/ecclesiastes/06.sahidic.scriptorium/. Ecclesiastes 6 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 21_Ecclesiastes_06, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.