Joshua 1 — Coptic · Cairene

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Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 06_Joshua_01

Attribution: Joshua 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 06_Joshua_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

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18 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
1:1	ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲛⲛⲥⲁⲧⲣⲉϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛϭⲓⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡϩⲙϩⲁⲗ ⲙⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲩⲏ ⲡϣⲙϣⲓⲧ ⲙⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ	ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁⲑⲣⲉϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲫ̀ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲡ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲩⲏ ⲡ̀ϣⲙϣⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ	asṡōpi ḋe menensaθrefmou ǹje mōisys f̀vōk ǹp̀ċois pejep̀ċois ǹiysous p̀ṡyri ǹnavy p̀ṡmṡit ǹmōisys efgō m̀mos naf	And it came to pass after the death of Moses, that the Lord spoke to Joshua the son of Naue, the minister of Moses, saying,
1:2	ϫⲉⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡⲁϩⲙϩⲁⲗ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲅϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲙⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲙⲛⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ	ϫⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ϭⲉ ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲁⲟⲩ	je mōisys pavōk afmou tinou ċe tōoun ǹtekjioor ǹpiordanys ǹθok nem pailaos tyrf èxoun èp̀kahi fai anok einatyif naou	Moses my servant is dead; now then arise, go over Jordan, thou and all this people, into the land, which I give them.
1:3	ⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲁϭⲥⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲓϫⲱϥ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲑⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ ⲙⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ	ⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲛ̀ⲧⲁϭⲥⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ϩⲓϫⲱϥ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ	ma niven ètaǹtaċse ǹnetenoueryte naṡōpi higōf tinatyif nōten kata f̀ryti etaigos ǹmōisys	Every spot on which ye shall tread I will give it to you, as I said to Moses.
1:4	ⲧⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲓⲗⲓⲃⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϣⲁϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲡⲛⲟϭ ⲛⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ ⲡⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ϣⲁϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ ⲛϩⲁⲏ ϫⲓⲛⲡⲙⲁ ⲛϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲙⲡⲣⲏ ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟϣ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ	ⲧ̀ⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲓⲗⲓⲃⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϣⲁϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ ⲡ̀ⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϣⲁϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲏ ϫⲓⲛⲡ̀ⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ϩⲱⲧⲡ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲏ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲟϣ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ	t̀erymos ouoh pantilivanos ṡahrai èp̀niṡti ǹeiero p̀evfratys ouoh ṡahrai èt̀θalassa ǹhay jinp̀ma ǹhōtp ǹp̀ry èrenetenθoṡ naṡōpi nōten	The wilderness and Antilibanus, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates, and as far as the extremity of the sea; your costs shall be from the setting of the sun.
1:5	ⲛⲛⲉⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲉϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲉⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ ⲛⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲛϩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲛⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲉϯⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲙⲙⲁⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲕ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛϯⲛⲁⲕⲁⲁⲕ ⲛⲥⲱⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛϯⲛⲁⲱⲃϣ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲉ̀ϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲉⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲱⲛϧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲓⲛⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ ϩⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯⲛⲁⲭⲁⲕ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ϯⲛⲁⲱⲃϣ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ	ǹnelaav ǹrōmi aheratf èti ouveθynou ǹnèhoou tyrou ǹpekōnx ouoh ǹf̀ryti etaiṡōpi nem mōisys θai te f̀ryti einaṡōpi nemak hōk ouoh ǹtetinakak ǹsōi an ouḋe ǹtinaōvṡ an èrok	Not a man shall stand against you all the days of thy life; and as I was with Moses, so will I also be with thee, and I will not fail thee, or neglect thee.
1:6	ⲧⲱⲕ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲅⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲡⲱϣ ⲉϫⲙⲡⲉⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲱⲣⲕ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛⲉⲓⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲣⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ	ⲧⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲫⲱϣ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲱⲣⲕ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲟϯ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲁⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ	tōk ouoh ǹtektagro ǹθok ġar petnafōṡ èjen pailaos ǹp̀kahi fai etaiōrk m̀mof ǹnetenioti èθratyif nōou	Be strong and 'quit thyself like a man, for thou shalt divide the land to this people, which I sware to give to your fathers.
1:7	ⲧⲱⲕ ϭⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲅϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ⲉⲧⲣⲉⲕϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲅⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲑⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧⲕ ⲛϭⲓⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡⲁϩⲙϩⲁⲗ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲣⲁⲕⲧⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ ⲏ ⲉϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ ϫⲉⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲕⲉⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲁⲁⲩ	ⲧⲱⲕ ϭⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲉ̀ⲑⲣⲉⲕⲁ̀ⲣⲉϩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲕⲣⲁⲕⲧⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲓ̀ⲛⲁⲙ ⲓⲉ ⲉ̀ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲉⲕⲉⲉⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲁⲓⲟⲩ	tōk ċe ouoh ǹtekjemgom èθrekàreh ouoh ǹtekìri kata f̀ryti etafhōn etotk ǹje mōisys pavōk ouoh ǹǹkraktk èvol m̀mōou èouìnam ie èhvour hina ekeemi èhōb niven etknaaiou	Be strong, therefore, and quit thyself like a man, to observe and do as Moses my servant commanded thee; and thou shalt not turn therefrom to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest be wise in whatsoever thou mayest do.
1:8	ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲛⲉⲡϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲥⲁϩⲱϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲕⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁ ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ϫⲉⲕⲁⲥ ⲉⲕⲉⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲥⲏϩ ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲏ ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲧⲛⲛⲉⲕϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲕⲛⲁⲛⲟⲓ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲡ̀ϫⲱⲙ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲥⲁϩⲱϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲕⲉⲉⲣⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧϥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲉⲕⲉⲉⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲓⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲥ̀ϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲩⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲕ̀ⲛⲁⲉⲣⲛⲟⲓⲛ	ouoh ǹnep̀gōm ǹpainomos sahōf èvol ǹtektapro ouoh ekeermeletan ǹxytf ǹpèhoou nem tevṡy hina ekeemi èiri ǹhōb niven ets̀xyout ǹxytf ouoh pekmōit nasouten ǹtep̀ċois soutennekmōit tyrou ouoh tote k̀naernoin	And the book of this law shall not depart out of thy mouth, and thou shalt meditate in it day and night, that thou mayest know how to do all the things that are written in it; then shalt thou prosper, and make thy ways prosperous, and then shalt thou be wise.
1:9	ⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϯϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧⲕ ⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲅϭⲙϭⲟⲙ ⲙⲡⲣϣⲗⲁϩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲣⲣϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉϥⲛⲙⲙⲁⲕ ⲛϭⲓⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲛⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ	ⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ϯϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϣⲗⲁϩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲟϯ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ϥ̀ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩϯ ϧⲉⲛ ⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲣⲱⲟⲩ	is hyppe tihōn etotk tagro ouoh ǹtekjemgom m̀perṡlah ouoh m̀pererhoti èvol je f̀nemak ǹje p̀ċois peknouti xen ma niven etknavōk èrōou	Lo! I have commanded thee; be strong and courageous, be not cowardly nor fearful, for the Lord thy God is with thee in all places whither thou goest.
1:10	ⲁⲩⲱ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲉⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲥ ⲙⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲁϥϩⲱⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲛ̀ⲅⲣⲁⲙⲙⲁⲧⲉⲩⲥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ	ouoh iysous afhōn ètotou èǹġrammatevs ǹpilaos efgō m̀mos nōou	And Joshua commanded the scribes of the people, saying,
1:11	ϫⲉⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲛⲧⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙⲃⲟⲗⲏ ⲙⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉⲥⲟⲃⲧⲉ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲟⲙⲟⲩ ϫⲉⲉⲧⲓ ⲕⲉϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲙⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ ⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ	ϫⲉ ⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙⲃⲟⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲥⲟⲃϯ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲟⲙⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉ̀ⲧⲓ ⲕⲉϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲉⲣⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ	je vōk èxoun èθmyti ǹt̀paremboly ǹpilaos ouoh ǹtetenhōn etotf ǹpilaos etetengō m̀mos nōou je sovti nōten ǹpetetnnaouomou je èti keṡomt ǹèhoou ǹθōten tetnajioor ǹpiordanys ǹtetenvōk èxoun eerklyronomin ǹp̀kahi fai ète p̀ċois petennouti natyif nōten	Go into the midst of the camp of the people, and command the people, saying, Prepare provisions; for yet three days and ye shall go over this Jordan, entering in to take possession of the land, which the Lord God of your fathers gives to you.
1:12	ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲩⲗⲏ ⲛϩⲣⲟⲩⲃⲏⲛ ⲙⲛⲧⲉⲫⲩⲗⲏ ⲛⲅⲁⲇ ⲙⲛⲧⲡⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲧⲫⲩⲗⲏ ⲙⲙⲁⲛⲁⲥⲥⲏ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ϩⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ϩⲣⲟⲩⲃⲏⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧ̀ⲫⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲁⲇ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧ̀ⲫⲁϣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲫⲩⲗⲏ ⲛ̀ⲙⲁⲛⲁⲥⲥⲏ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ	ouoh pejeiysous ǹte p̀hily ǹhrouvyn nem t̀fily ǹtekaḋ nem t̀faṡi ǹt̀fily ǹmanassy efgō m̀mos nōou je	And to Ruben, and to Gad, and to the half tribe of Manasse, Joshua said,
1:13	ⲁⲣⲓⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲙⲡϣⲁϫⲉ ⲙⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲡϩⲙϩⲁⲗ ⲙⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϩⲱⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲕⲁϩ	ⲁ̀ⲣⲓⲫ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲫ̀ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ϩⲱⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲧⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁϥⲙⲉⲧⲉ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϯ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ	àrif̀mevi ǹp̀·saji ǹp̀ċois fai èta mōisys f̀vōk ǹp̀ċois hōn m̀mof etθynou efgō m̀mos je p̀ċois petennouti afmete θynou ouoh afti nōten ǹpaikahi	Remember the word which Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you, saying, the Lord your God has caused you to rest, and has given you this land.
1:14	ⲛⲉⲧⲛϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ ⲙⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛⲧⲃⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϩ ϩⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ ⲇⲉ ϩⲉⲕⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ϩⲓⲑⲏ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧϭⲛⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛϩⲉⲕⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛϯⲧⲟⲟⲧⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ ⲛⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲃⲛⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲇⲉ ϩⲉⲕ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲓⲟⲟⲣ ϩⲓ ⲧ̀ϩⲏ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥ̀ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧϫⲉⲙⲧ̀ϫⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲉⲕ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯⲧⲟⲟⲧⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲙⲓϣⲉ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲟⲩ	netenhiome nem netenṡyri nem netentvnooue marououōh xen p̀kahi fai etaityif nōten ǹθōten ḋe hek θynou ǹtetenjioor hi t̀·hy ǹnetens̀nyou ouon niven etjemt̀gom ǹtetenhek θynou ǹtetentitootθynou nemaou èmiṡe ehrai ègōou	Let your wives and your children and your cattle dwell in the land, which he has given you; and ye shall go over well armed before your brethren, every one of you who is strong; and ye shall fight on their side;
1:15	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲡϫⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲉⲧⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛⲥⲛⲏⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛϩⲉ ϩⲱⲧⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲉⲓ ⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲡⲉⲛϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲃⲱⲕ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲡⲟⲩⲁ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲧⲁⲁⲥ ⲛⲏⲧⲛ ϩⲙⲡⲉⲕⲣⲟ ⲙⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ ϫⲓⲛⲙⲙⲁ ⲛϣⲁ ⲙⲡⲣⲏ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲙⲉⲧⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥ̀ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲉⲓ ϩⲱⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲁⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲃⲱⲕ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉϥⲕ̀ⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲧⲏⲓⲥ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲣⲇⲁⲛⲏⲥ ϫⲓⲛⲛ̀ⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ϣⲁ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲏ	ṡatep̀ċois petennouti metnnetens̀nyou ǹtetenhei hōθynou ouoh ǹtenai hōou erklyronomin ǹp̀kahi fai ète penċois pennouti natyif nōou ouoh ǹtetenvōk p̀ouai p̀ouai m̀mōten ehrai ètefk̀lyronomia θai èta mōisys tyis nōten xen pekro ǹpiordanys jinǹma ǹṡa ǹp̀ry	until the Lord your God shall have given your brethren rest, as also to you, and they also shall have inherited the land, which the Lord your God gives them; then ye shall depart each one to his inheritance, which Moses gave you beyond Jordan eastward.
1:16	ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ ⲛⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁϩⲟⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧⲛ ⲧⲛⲛⲁⲁⲁⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁϫⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲛⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲟⲩ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ ⲛ̀ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁϩⲟⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲟⲧⲛ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲁⲓⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁϫⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲱⲟⲩ	ouoh averouō ǹiysous evgō m̀mos naf je hōb niven etknahonou etotn tennaaiou ouoh ma niven etknagooun èrōou tennavōk èxoun èrōou	And they answered Joshua and said, We will do all things which thou commandest us, and we will go to every place whither thou shalt send us.
1:17	ⲕⲁⲧⲁϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲛⲥⲁⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲓϩⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲛⲥⲱⲕ ϩⲱⲱⲕ ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲙⲙⲁⲕ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲑⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲛⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ	ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲕ ϩⲱⲕ ⲡ̀ⲗⲏⲛ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲱⲩⲥⲏⲥ	kata hōb niven etansōtem ǹsa mōisys ǹxytou ǹpairyti tennasōtem ǹsōk hōk p̀lyn marep̀ċois pennouti ṡōpi nemak kata f̀ryti etafṡōpi nem mōisys	Whereinsoever we hearkened to Moses we will hearken to thee; only let the Lord our God be with thee, as he was with Moses.
1:18	ⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲛϥⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲥⲁⲛⲉⲕϣⲁϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲑⲉ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲧⲱⲕ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲅϭⲙϭⲟⲙ	ⲡ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲛ̀ϥⲛⲁϩⲉⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛ̀ϥⲛⲁⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲧⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲙϫⲟⲙ	p̀rōmi ḋe eteǹfnahei an èrok ouoh peteǹfnasōtem an ǹsa nek·saji kata f̀ryti etknahōn etotf marefmou alla tōk ouoh ǹtekjemgom	And whosoever shall disobey thee, and whosoever shall not hearken to thy words as thou shalt command him, let him die; but be thou strong and courageous.

Provenance

title: Joshua 1
dialect: sahidic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 06_Joshua_01
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Joshua 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 06_Joshua_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Joshua/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: Joshua 1 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 01.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 06_Joshua_01)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Joshua 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 06_Joshua_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: aspirate_boundary_resolved=1 lexeme_L1-S-3=1 lexeme_open=1 th_resolved=7 tokens=347
file: Bible/Old Testament/Joshua/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: Joshua 1 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 01.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Joshua 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 06_Joshua_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Joshua/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 18 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 06_Joshua_01 (18 lines)

Cite as:

Joshua 1. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 06_Joshua_01. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/joshua/01.sahidic.scriptorium/. Joshua 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 06_Joshua_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.