Nahum 1 — Coptic · Cairene

Source and licence

share: attributionsahidic

Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 34_Nahum_01

Attribution: Nahum 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 34_Nahum_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Full provenance and citation

The text

12 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
1:1	ⲡϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ ⲛ̄ⲑⲟⲣⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲙ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲉⲗⲕⲉⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ	ⲡ̀ϫⲱⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ϩⲟⲣⲁⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲙ ⲡ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲉⲗⲕⲉⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ	p̀gōm ǹt̀·horasis ǹnaoum p̀ṡyri ǹelkesaios	The burden of Nineve: the book of the vision of Naum the Elkesite.
1:2	ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲣⲉϥⲕⲱϩ ⲡⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉϥϫⲓⲕⲃⲁ ϩ︤ⲛ︥ⲟⲩϭⲱⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧϯⲟⲩⲃⲏϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϫⲁϫⲉ	ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉϥⲭⲟϩ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉϥϫⲓⲕⲃⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧϯⲟⲩⲃⲏϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϫⲁϫⲓ	ounouti ǹrefkoh pe p̀ċois efjikva xen ougōnt ǹnettiouvyf ouoh eftako ǹθof ǹnefgaji	God is jealous, and the Lord avenges; the Lord avenges with wrath; the Lord takes vengeance on his adversaries, and he cuts off his enemies.
1:3	ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩϩⲁⲣ︤ϣ︥ϩⲏⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥϭⲟⲙ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧⲧ︤ⲃ︥ⲃⲏⲩ ⲛ̄ϥⲛⲁⲧ︤ⲃ︥ⲃⲟϥ ⲁⲛ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϣⲟⲟⲡ ϩ︤ⲛ︥ⲟⲩⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲁ ⲙ︤ⲛ︥ⲟⲩⲕⲙⲧⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ⲛ̄ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ	ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩϩⲁⲣ̀ϣϩⲏⲧ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϥϫⲟⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉⲧⲧⲟⲩⲃⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲛ̀ϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟϥ ⲁⲛ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲙⲟϣⲓ ϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲕⲙⲧⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ϣⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ	p̀ċois ouhar̀ṡhyt pe ouoh ouniṡti te tefgom ouoh pettouvyout ǹfnatouvof an p̀ċois ère pefmōit ǹmoṡi ṡop xen ousinteleia nem oukmto ouoh ǹkloole ǹǹṡoeiṡ ǹnefoueryte	The Lord is long-suffering, and his power is great, and the Lord will not hold any guiltless: his way is in destruction and in the whirlwind, and the clouds are the dust of his feet.
1:4	ⲉϥⲉⲡⲓⲧⲓⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ ⲉϥⲧⲣⲉⲥϣⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲓⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲣⲉⲩⲱϣ︤ⲙ︥ ⲁⲧⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛ ⲥⲃⲟⲕ ⲙ︤ⲛ︥ⲡⲕⲁⲣⲙⲏⲗⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ϯⲟⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲗⲓⲃⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲕⲓⲙ	ⲉ̀ϥⲉⲣⲉⲡⲓⲧⲓⲙⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ ⲉϥⲑⲣⲉⲥϣⲱⲟⲩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲓⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲑⲣⲉⲩⲱϣⲉⲙ ⲁⲑⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛ ⲥⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁⲣⲙⲏⲗⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯⲟⲩⲱ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲗⲓⲃⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲕⲓⲙ	èferepitiman ǹt̀θalassa efθresṡōoui ouoh neierōou tyrou ǹtefθrevōṡem aθvasan svōk nem p̀karmylos ouoh ǹtetiouō ǹp̀libanos avkim	He threatens the sea, and dries it up, and exhausts all the rivers: the land of Basan, and Carmel are brought low, and the flourishing trees of Libanus have come to nought.
1:5	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲉⲓⲏ ⲁⲩⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ ϩⲁⲧ︤ϥ︥ϩⲏ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲛⲃⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲕⲓⲙ ⲡⲕⲁϩ ⲧⲏⲣ︤ϥ︥ ⲁϥϩⲟⲡ︤ϥ︥ ϩⲁⲧ︤ϥ︥ϩⲏ ⲙ︤ⲛ︥ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲏϩ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︤ϥ︥	ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲉⲓⲏ ⲁⲩⲛⲟⲉⲓⲛ ϧⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲛ̀ⲃⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲕⲓⲙ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲁϥϩⲟⲡϥ ϧⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲏϩ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧϥ	ǹtoueiy avnoein xa tefhy ouoh aǹbounos kim p̀kahi tyrf afhopf xa tefhy nem ouon niven etouyh ǹxytf	The mountains quake at him, and the hills are shaken, and the earth recoils at his presence, even the world, and all that dwell in it.
1:6	ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁϣ̄ⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧ︤ϥ︥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲧⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϥⲟⲣⲅⲏ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁϣ̄ϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲉⲧⲟⲣⲅⲏ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϥϭⲱⲛ︤ⲧ︥ ⲡⲉϥϭⲱⲛⲧ ⲃⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ︤ⲃ︥ ϩⲁⲧ︤ϥ︥ϩⲏ	ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁϣ̀ⲁϩⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲟⲣⲅⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁϣϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲉ ⲉⲧⲟⲣⲅⲏ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲡⲉϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲃⲱⲗ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲁ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ ϧⲁ ⲧⲉϥϩⲏ	nim petnaṡ̀aheratf ǹp̀m̀θo èvol ǹteforgy ouoh nim petnaṡti ouve etorgy ǹpefgōnt pefgōnt vōl èvol ǹhanarṡy ouoh ǹpetra averouō xa tefhy	Who shall stand before his anger? and who shall withstand in the anger of his wrath? his wrath brings to nought kingdoms, and the rocks are burst asunder by him.
1:7	ⲟⲩⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϩ︤ⲙ︥ⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲩⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲣ̄ϩⲟⲧⲉ ϩⲏⲧ︤ϥ︥	ⲟⲩ ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧ̀ϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲟⲛⲏ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲑ̀ⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲉϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲣϩⲟϯ ϩⲏⲧϥ	ou xrystos pe p̀ċois ǹnet̀·hipomony èrof xen p̀èhoou ǹtouθ̀lipsis efsōoun ǹneterhoti hytf	The Lord is good to them that wait on him in the day of affliction; and he knows them that reverence him.
1:8	ⲁⲩⲱ ϩ︤ⲛ︥ⲧⲉϥϩⲓⲏ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲱⲥ ϥⲛⲁⲉⲓ ⲉϫ︤ⲛ︥ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ̈̈ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉϥϫⲓⲛϫⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲡⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲧ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲟⲩ	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲉⲧⲛⲁϣⲱⲥ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁϥϫⲓⲛϫⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲛⲁⲫⲱⲧ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲟⲩ	ouoh xen pefmōit ǹmoṡi etnaṡōs f̀naì èjen ouon niven ettōoun ehrai ègōf ouoh nafjinjeeve p̀kake nafōt ǹsōou	But with an overrunning flood he will make an utter end: darkness shall pursue those that rise up against him and his enemies.
1:9	ⲉⲧⲉⲧ︤ⲛ︥ⲙⲟⲕⲙ︤ⲕ︥ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ ϥⲛⲁⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ϥⲛⲁϫⲓⲕⲃⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̄ⲥ︤ⲡ︥ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ϩ︤ⲛ︥ⲟⲩⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ	ⲉ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲟⲕⲙ̀ⲕ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲩⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ϥⲛⲁϫⲓⲕⲃⲁ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲥⲡ̀ⲥ̀ⲛⲁⲩ ϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲑ̀ⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ	ètetenmokm̀k èxoun èp̀ċois ǹθof f̀naìri ǹousinteleia ǹfnajikva an ǹsp̀·s̀nav hi ousop xen ouθ̀lipsis	What do ye devise against the Lord? he will make a complete end: he will not take vengeance by affliction twice at the same time.
1:10	ϫⲉⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϥ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲩⲥ︤ⲛ︥ⲧⲉ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ϣⲟⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲟⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲓⲗⲁⲝ ⲉϣⲁⲥϭⲗⲟⲙⲗ︤ⲙ︥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ̄ⲅⲣ̄ⲑⲉ ⲛ̄ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̄ⲕⲁϣ ⲉϥⲟⲃⲉ ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉ	ϫⲉ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϥ ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ϣⲟⲛⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲟⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲙⲓⲗⲁⲝ ⲉϣⲁⲥϭⲗⲟⲙⲗ̀ⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣⲧϩⲉ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲁϣ ⲉϥⲟⲃⲉ ⲉ̀ⲙⲁϣⲱ	je senaṡōf ṡatous̀nouti ǹf̀ryti ǹouma ǹṡonte ouoh senaouomou ǹf̀ryti ǹousmilaks eṡasċloml̀m ouoh ǹtekert·he ǹouma ǹtekaṡ efove èmaṡō	For the enemy shall be laid bare even to the foundation, and shall be devoured as twisted yew, and as stubble fully dry.
1:11	ⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̄ϩⲏⲧ︤ⲕ︥ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲕϣⲟϫⲛⲉ ⲉϩⲉⲛⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲕ	ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲟⲩⲗⲟⲅⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲕ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉⲕⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ϩⲁⲛⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲕ	èreoulogismos nyou èvol ǹxytk èxoun èp̀ċois ek·soċni èhanpet·hōou evti ouvyk	Out of thee shall proceed a device against the Lord, counselling evil things hostile to him.
1:12	ⲛⲁⲓ̈ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ϫⲱ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲉϫ︤ⲛ︥ϩⲉⲛⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ[...]	ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱⲟⲩ[…]	nai nète p̀ċois gō m̀mōou efarṡy èjen hanmou enaṡōou[…]	Thus saith the Lord who rules over many waters, Even thus shall they be sent away, and the report of thee shall not be heard any more.

Provenance

title: Nahum 1
dialect: sahidic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 34_Nahum_01
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Nahum 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 34_Nahum_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Nahum/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: Nahum 1 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 01.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 34_Nahum_01)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Nahum 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 34_Nahum_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: editorial_lacuna=1 stroke_kept=66 stroke_unified=109 th_resolved=5 tokens=152
file: Bible/Old Testament/Nahum/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: Nahum 1 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 01.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Nahum 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 34_Nahum_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Nahum/01.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 12 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 34_Nahum_01 (12 lines)

Cite as:

Nahum 1. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 34_Nahum_01. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/nahum/01.sahidic.scriptorium/. Nahum 1 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 34_Nahum_01, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.