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share: attributionsahidicSource: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 20_Proverbs_10
Attribution: Proverbs 10 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_10, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
The text
32 lines · a line number is a link to itselfEnglish: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.
| ref | L0 witness | L1 Cairene | L2 Kemetic | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10:1 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲗⲩⲡⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲁⲑⲏⲧ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲗⲩⲡⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ | ṡareouṡyri ǹsofos evfrane ǹpefiōt oulipy ḋe ǹtefmav pe ouṡyri ǹat·hyt | A wise son makes his father glad: but a foolish son is a grief to his mother. |
| 10:2 | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲱⲣ ⲛⲁϯϩⲏⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲛⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲙⲡⲙⲟⲩ | ⲛ̀ⲁϩⲟ ⲛⲁϯϩⲏⲩ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥⲩⲛⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲙⲟⲩ | ǹaho natihyv an ǹnanomos ṡaret̀ḋikaiosiny ḋe nohem èvol xen f̀mou | Treasures shall not profit the lawless: but righteousness shall deliver from death. |
| 10:3 | ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲩⲧⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϩⲁⲡⲉϩⲕⲟ ϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲗⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ | ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲩⲧⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ϧⲁ ⲡ̀ϩⲕⲟ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲗⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ | p̀ċois namevtoupsiṡy an ǹḋikeos xa p̀hko f̀naouōls ḋe ǹp̀ōnx ǹnàsebys | The Lord will not famish a righteous soul: but he will overthrow the life of the ungodly. |
| 10:4 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲙⲛⲧϩⲏⲕⲉ ⲑⲃⲃⲓⲉⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧϭⲓϫ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛϫⲱⲱⲣⲉ ⲣⲣⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉϥⲧⲥⲁⲃⲏⲩ ⲛⲁⲣⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ϥⲛⲁⲭⲣⲱ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲑⲏⲧ ϩⲱⲥ ⲣⲉϥϣⲙϣⲉ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲧϩⲏⲕⲓ ⲑⲃⲃⲓⲉⲡ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧ̀ϫⲓϫ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ϫⲱⲣ ⲣⲣⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉϥⲧⲥⲁⲃⲏⲩ ⲛⲁⲉⲣⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲭⲣⲱ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ϩⲱⲥ ⲣⲉϥϣⲙϣⲉ | ṡaret̀met·hyki θvviep̀rōmi ṡaret̀jig ḋe ǹǹgōr rrmmao ouon ouṡyri eftsavyv naersofos f̀nakrō ḋe ǹpat·hyt hōs refṡmṡe | Poverty brings a man low: but the hands of the vigorous make rich. A son who is instructed shall be wise, and shall use the fool for a servant. |
| 10:5 | ϥⲛⲁⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲕⲁⲩⲙⲁ ⲛϭⲓⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲛⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲥⲙ ϩⲙⲡⲱϩⲥ ϥⲛⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲙⲡϣⲱⲙ ⲡⲉϫⲡⲓⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲥⲙ ϩⲙⲡⲱϩⲥ | ϥⲛⲁⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲥⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲱⲥϧ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ϣⲟⲙ ⲡⲉϫⲡⲓⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲥⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲱⲥϧ | fnaougai xen oukavma ǹje ouṡyri ǹsave ouon ouṡyri ḋe ǹparanomos naṡōsm xen p̀ōsx f̀nasouōh èxoun xen p̀ṡom pegpiyt ḋe naṡōsm xen p̀ōsx | A wise son is saved from heat: but a lawless son is blighted of the winds in harvest. |
| 10:6 | ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ϩⲓϫⲛⲧⲁⲡⲉ ⲛⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩϩⲏⲃⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲛⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ | ⲉ̀ⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ⲁ̀ⲫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲏⲃⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ | ère pis̀mou ǹf̀nouti hijen t̀àfe ǹǹḋikeos ouon ouhyvi ḋe ǹṡarehe nahōvs ǹt̀tapro ǹnàsebys | The blessing of the Lord is upon the head of the just: but untimely grief shall cover the mouth of the ungodly. |
| 10:7 | ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲣⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲙⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϫⲉⲛⲁ | ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲉⲓⲧ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ⲣⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲫ̀ⲣⲁⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϫⲉⲛⲁ | ousoeit enanef pe p̀rpmeeve ǹp̀ḋikeos f̀ran ḋe ǹnàsebys najena | The memory of the just is praised; but the name of the ungodly man is extinguished. |
| 10:8 | ⲡⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ϩⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲗⲏ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲑⲏⲧ ϩⲛⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧϣⲧⲣⲧⲱⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϭⲟⲟⲙⲉ ϩⲛⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ϥⲛⲁϩⲉ | ⲡ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲁϣⲱⲡ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲗⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϭⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧϣⲧⲣⲧⲱⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϭⲟⲟⲙⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ϥ̀ⲛⲁϩⲉⲓ | p̀·sofos xen pefhyt naṡōp èrof ǹtetentooly ouoh senaċōpe ǹpat·hyt xen nefspotou petṡtrtōr ḋe efċoome xen nefspotou f̀nahei | A wise man in heart will receive commandments; but he that is unguarded in his lips shall be overthrown in his perverseness. |
| 10:9 | ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ ⲉϥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲡⲉⲧⲕⲧⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲉϥϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ | ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲟϣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲃⲁⲗϩⲏⲧ ⲉϥⲙⲟϣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲡⲉⲧⲕⲧⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲙⲱⲓⲧ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ | petmoṡi xen oumetvalhyt efmoṡi xen outagro petkto ḋe èvol ǹnefmōit f̀naouōnh èvol | He that walks simply, walks confidently; but he that perverts his ways shall be known. |
| 10:10 | ⲡⲉⲧϫⲱⲣⲙ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲕⲣⲟϥ ϥⲛⲁⲥⲉⲩϩⲗⲩⲡⲓ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲡⲉⲧϫⲡⲓⲟ ⲇⲉ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϥⲛⲁⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ | ⲡⲉⲧϭⲱⲣⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲩϩⲗⲩⲡⲓ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲡⲉⲧϫⲡⲓⲟ ⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲁⲓⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲉⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ | petċōrem ǹnefval xen ouk̀rof f̀nasevhlipi èxoun ǹǹrōmi petgpio ḋe xen ououōnh èvol f̀naaiou ǹeiryny | He that winks with his eyes deceitfully, procures griefs for men; but he that reproves boldly is a peacemaker. |
| 10:11 | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲡⲏⲅⲏ ⲙⲡⲱⲛϩ ϩⲛⲧϭⲓϫ ⲙⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲛⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ | ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲧ̀ⲡⲏⲅⲏ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲱⲛϧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ϫⲓϫ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲡ̀ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ | èret̀pygy ǹp̀ōnx xen t̀jig ǹp̀ḋikeos p̀tako ḋe nahōvs ǹt̀tapro ǹpàsebys | There is a fountain of life in the hand of a righteous man; but destruction shall cover the mouth of the ungodly. |
| 10:12 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲡⲙⲟⲥⲧⲉ ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥⲟⲩϯⲧⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲉϫⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ ⲧⲙⲛⲧϣⲃⲏⲣ ⲛⲁϩⲟⲃⲥⲟⲩ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲡ̀ⲙⲟⲥϯ ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲥⲟⲩϯⲧⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲉⲛ̀ⲥⲉϭⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛⲁϩⲟⲃⲥⲟⲩ | ṡarep̀mosti tounesoutitōn ouon ḋe niven eteǹseċi an ǹgons t̀metṡfyr nahovsou | Hatred stirs up strife; but affection covers all that do not love strife. |
| 10:13 | ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲣⲱϥ ⲉϥⲣⲱϩⲧ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲑⲏⲧ ϩⲛⲟⲩϭⲉⲣⲱⲃ | ⲡⲉⲧⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱϥ ⲉϥⲣⲱϩⲧ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲉⲣⲱⲃ | petìni ǹousofia èvol xen rōf efrōht ǹourōmi ǹat·hyt xen ouċerōb | He that brings forth wisdom from his lips smites the fool with a rod. |
| 10:14 | ⲛⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲥⲱϣ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲟⲩϣⲧⲣⲧⲱⲣ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲛ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲟⲩⲱϣϥ | ⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲥⲱϣ ⲧ̀ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϣⲧⲣⲧⲱⲣ ⲛⲁϩⲱⲛ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉⲡⲟⲩⲱϣϥ | ǹsofos nahōp ǹhansōṡ t̀tapro ḋe ǹouṡtrtōr nahōn èxoun epouōṡf | The wise will hide discretion; but the mouth of the hasty draws near to ruin. |
| 10:15 | ⲡⲉϫⲡⲟ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉⲥⲟⲣϫ ⲡⲟⲩⲱϣϥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲧⲙⲛⲧϩⲏⲕⲉ | ⲡⲉϫⲫⲟ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲉⲥⲟⲣϫ ⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲱϣϥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲧϩⲏⲕⲓ | pegfo ǹourmmao pe oupolis esorg p̀ouōṡf ḋe ǹnàsebys pe t̀met·hyki | The wealth of rich men is a strong city; but poverty is the ruin of the ungodly. |
| 10:16 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲛⲉϩⲃⲏⲩⲉ ⲙⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲡⲉⲡⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲛⲟⲃⲉ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲛ̀ϩ̀ⲃⲏⲟⲩⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ϫⲡⲉⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̀ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ | ṡareǹh̀vyouì ǹp̀ḋikeos gpepōnx ǹkarpos ḋe ǹnàsebys ne ǹnovi | The works of the righteous produce life; but the fruits of the ungodly produce sins. |
| 10:17 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲙⲡⲱⲛϩ ⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲁ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲃⲱ ⲁ̀ⲣⲉϩ ⲉ̀ⲛ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲱⲛϧ ⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲃⲱ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲟⲩϫⲡⲓⲟⲥ ⲡ̀ⲗⲁⲛⲁ | ṡaret̀s̀vō àreh èǹmōit ǹp̀ōnx t̀s̀vō ḋe ète m̀peougpios p̀lana | Instruction keeps the right ways of life; but instruction unchastened goes astray. |
| 10:18 | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲉⲛⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲉ ϩⲉⲡⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧϫⲁϫⲉ ϩⲉⲛⲁⲑⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲥⲁϩⲟⲩ | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲁⲛⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ϩⲉⲓⲡⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϫⲁϫ ϩⲁⲛⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲧⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲥⲁϩⲟⲩⲓ | ṡarehanspotou ǹmyi heipoumetgag hanat·hyt ḋe netìni èvol ǹhansahoui | Righteous lips cover enmity; but they that utter railings are most foolish. |
| 10:19 | ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲧⲙⲛⲧϩⲁϩ ⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲣⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉⲕϯⲥⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲛⲛⲣⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ | ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲧϩⲁϩ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲣⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲕϯⲁⲥⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲛⲛⲣⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ | èvol xen t̀met·hah ǹsaji ǹnekrvol ènovi ektiaso ḋe ènek·spotou kannrrmnhyt | By a multitude of words thou shalt not escape sin; but if thou refrain thy lips thou wilt be prudent. |
| 10:20 | ⲟⲩϩⲁⲧ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲧⲡ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲗⲁⲥ ⲛⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲱϫⲛ | ⲟⲩϩⲁⲧ ⲉϥⲥⲟⲧⲡ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ⲗⲁⲥ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲡ̀ϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲱϫⲛ | ouhat efsotp pe p̀las ǹǹḋikeos p̀hyt ḋe ǹnàsebys naōgn | The tongue of the just is tried silver; but the heart of the ungodly shall fail. |
| 10:21 | ⲛⲉⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲛⲉⲧϫⲟⲥⲉ ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲑⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ϩⲛⲟⲩϭⲣⲱϩ | ⲛ̀ⲉⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧϭⲟⲥⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϭⲣⲱϩ | ǹespotou ǹǹḋikeos sōoun ǹnetċosi èrenat·hyt ḋe namou xen ouċrōh | The lips of the righteous know sublime truths: but the foolish die in want. |
| 10:22 | ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲧⲙⲛⲧⲣⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲗⲩⲡⲓ ϩⲙⲡϩⲏⲧ | ⲡⲉⲥ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲉ ⲧ̀ⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲣⲙⲙⲁⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲗⲩⲡⲉⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ϩⲏⲧ | pes̀mou ǹf̀nouti pe t̀m̀ntrmmao ouoh navouōh èrof ǹoulipei xen p̀hyt | The blessing of the Lord is upon the head of the righteous; it enriches him, and grief of heart shall not be added to it. |
| 10:23 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲡⲁⲑⲏⲧ ϩⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲃⲉ ⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲇⲉ ϫⲡⲉⲧⲙⲛⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲙⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲡⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲱⲃⲓ ⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙ̀ⲛⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲉ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲇⲉ ϫⲡⲉⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ | ṡarepat·hyt xen pefsōvi ìri ǹoum̀ntṡafte ṡaret̀sofia ḋe gpet̀metsave ǹp̀rōmi | A fool does mischief in sport; but wisdom brings forth prudence for a man. |
| 10:24 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲡⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ϣⲉⲓ ϩⲙⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲧⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲛⲏⲩ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲥⲟⲧⲡ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲡⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ϣⲉⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲧ̀ϩⲟϯ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲥⲟⲧⲡ | ṡarepàsevys ṡei xen p̀tako t̀·hoti ḋe ǹpàsebys ǹθos etnyou ègōf ǹèpiθimia ḋe ǹǹḋikeos sotp | The ungodly is engulphed in destruction; but the desire of the righteous is acceptable. |
| 10:25 | ⲡⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ϩⲛⲟⲩϩⲁⲧⲏⲩ ⲉⲥⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ ⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲁⲕⲧϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛϥⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ϣⲁⲉⲛⲉϩ | ⲡ̀ⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲁⲧⲏⲩ ⲉⲥⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲡ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲁⲕⲧϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ϣⲁ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ | p̀àsebys natako xen ouhatyv esmoṡi p̀ḋikeos ḋe naraktf èvol m̀mos ǹtefougai ṡa èneh | When the storm passes by, the ungodly vanishes away; but the righteous turns aside and escapes for ever. |
| 10:26 | ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲗⲉⲗϩⲙϫ ⲉϣⲁⲣⲃⲟⲟⲛⲉ ⲛⲛⲛⲁϫϩⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲡⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲧⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲓⲣⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ | ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲉⲗⲉⲗϩⲙϫ ⲉ̀ϣⲁ ⲉⲣⲃⲟⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϫϩⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲡⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲗ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲓ̀ⲣⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ | ǹf̀ryti ǹouelelhmg èṡa ervoni ǹǹnaghe ouoh oukapnos ǹteǹval θai te f̀ryti ǹt̀paranomia ǹnetìri m̀mos | As a sour grape is hurtful to the teeth, and smoke to the eyes, so iniquity hurts those that practise it. |
| 10:27 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲙⲛⲧⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲱϩ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟϭ ⲛⲁϩⲉ ⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲥⲃⲟⲕ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲱϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲁϩⲉⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲥⲃⲟⲕ | ṡaret̀metmainouti ouōh xen ouniṡti nahei ǹrompi ḋe ǹnàsebys nasvok | The fear of the Lord adds length of days: but the years of the ungodly shall be shortened. |
| 10:28 | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲡⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲱⲥⲕ ⲙⲛⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲑⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲡ̀ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲱⲥⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲧ̀ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ | ṡarep̀ounof ōsk nem ǹḋikeos t̀·helpis ḋe ǹnàsebys natako | Joy rests long with the righteous: but the hope of the ungodly shall perish. |
| 10:29 | ⲡϫⲓⲥⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ ⲙⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲙⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲟⲩϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲣϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϣϥ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲣϩⲱⲃ ⲉⲡⲉⲑⲟⲟⲩ | ⲡ̀ϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲫ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩϩⲟϯ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲣϩⲱⲃ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϣϥ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲣϩⲱⲃ ⲉ̀ⲡⲉⲧϩⲟⲟⲩ | p̀ċisi ǹpeθouab te f̀mōit ǹp̀ċois f̀mōit ḋe ǹp̀ċois ouhoti te ǹneterhōb ètànomia ououōṡf ḋe te ǹneterhōb èpet·hoou | The fear of the Lord is a strong hold of the saints: but ruin comes to them that work wickedness. |
| 10:30 | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲡⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲓ ⲉⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ ϣⲁⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲁⲛ ϩⲓϫⲙⲡⲕⲁϩ | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲡ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲫⲁϩⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϩ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱϩ ⲁⲛ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁϩⲓ | merep̀ḋikeos ì èfahou ṡa èneh ǹàsebys ḋe naouōh an hijen p̀kahi | The righteous shall never fail: but the ungodly shall not dwell in the earth. |
| 10:31 | ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲩⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲡⲗⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲣⲉϥϫⲓⲛϭⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ | ⲧ̀ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲩⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲡ̀ⲗⲁⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛⲁⲧⲁⲕⲟ | t̀tapro ǹǹḋikeos natavo èvol ǹt̀sofia p̀las ḋe ǹǹrefċingons natako | The mouth of the righteous drops wisdom: but the tongue of the unjust shall perish. |
| 10:32 | ⲛⲉⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ ⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϣⲟⲣϣⲣ | ⲛ̀ⲉⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲭⲁⲣⲓⲥ ⲧ̀ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁ̀ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϣⲟⲣϣⲣ | ǹespotou ǹǹrōmi ǹḋikeos sōoun ǹhanxaris t̀tapro ḋe ǹnàsebys naṡorṡr | The lips of just men drop grace: but the mouth of the ungodly is perverse. |
Provenance
- title
- Proverbs 10
- dialect
- sahidic
- source
- Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 20_Proverbs_10
- licence
- CC-BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Proverbs 10 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_10, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- annotation
- segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Proverbs/10.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
- title
- Proverbs 10 — Cairene
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from 10.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 20_Proverbs_10)
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Proverbs 10 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_10, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- annotation
- segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
- generated by
- tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: lexeme_L1-S-3=1 th_resolved=12 tokens=322
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Proverbs/10.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
- title
- Proverbs 10 — Kemetic
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from 10.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Proverbs 10 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_10, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- annotation
- segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
- generated by
- tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Proverbs/10.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt
- what it is
- DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
- lines
- 32 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 20_Proverbs_10 (32 lines)
L0 witness
L1 Cairene
L2 Kemetic
English
Cite as:
Proverbs 10. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 20_Proverbs_10. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/proverbs/10.sahidic.scriptorium/. Proverbs 10 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 20_Proverbs_10, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.