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share: attributionsahidicSource: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 71_Sirach_23
Attribution: Sirach 23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 71_Sirach_23, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
The text
27 lines · a line number is a link to itselfEnglish: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.
| ref | L0 witness | L1 Cairene | L2 Kemetic | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23:1 | ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲙⲡⲁⲱⲛϩ ⲙⲡⲣⲕⲁⲁⲧ ⲛⲥⲱⲕ ϩⲙⲡⲉⲩϣⲟϫⲛⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲣⲕⲁⲁⲧ ⲉϩⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ | ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲱⲛϧ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲭⲁⲧ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩⲥⲟϭⲛⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲭⲁⲧ ⲉ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ | p̀ċois piōt p̀ċois ǹpaōnx m̀perkat ǹsōk xen pousoċni ouoh m̀perkat èryti ǹxytou | O Lord, Father and Governor of all my whole life, leave me not to their counsels, and let me not fall by them. |
| 23:2 | ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲅⲝ ⲉϫⲛⲛⲁⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲉϫⲛⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉⲕⲁⲥ ⲛⲛⲉⲩϯⲥⲟ ⲉϫⲛⲛⲁⲙⲛⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ | ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲅⲝ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲫⲓⲁ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯⲁⲥⲟ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲥⲟⲟⲩⲛ | nim petnaìni ǹhanmastiġks èjen namevi ouoh ous̀vō ǹsofia èjen pahyt hina ǹnoutiaso èjen nam̀ntatsooun | Who will set scourges over my thoughts, and the discipline of wisdom over mine heart? that they spare me not for mine ignorances, and it pass not by my sins: |
| 23:3 | ϫⲉⲛⲉⲛⲁⲟⲃϣⲥ ⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲣϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲛⲧⲁϩⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲙⲧⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲁϫⲁϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲁϫⲁϫⲉ ⲣⲁϣⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ | ϫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲟⲃϣⲥ ⲁ̀ϣⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲣϩⲟⲩⲟ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϫⲁϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲁϫⲁϫⲓ ⲣⲁϣⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲓ | je ǹnaovṡs àṡai ǹte nanovi erhouo ǹparyti ǹp̀m̀θo èvol ǹnagaji ouoh ǹte pagaji raṡi m̀moi | Lest mine ignorances increase, and my sins abound to my destruction, and I fall before mine adversaries, and mine enemy rejoice over me, whose hope is far from thy mercy. |
| 23:4 | ⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲱⲛϩ ⲙⲡⲣϯ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧⲧⲁⲥⲃⲁⲗ | ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲡⲓⲱⲧ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲱⲛϧ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϯ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲧⲁⲥⲃⲁⲗ | p̀ċois piōt f̀nouti ǹpaōnx m̀perti nyi ǹoum̀nttasval | O Lord, Father and God of my life, give me not a proud look, but turn away from thy servants always a haughty mind. |
| 23:5 | [ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲧⲟ] ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ ⲛⲛⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲕⲧⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ | avō kto èvol m̀moi ǹnèpiθimia | Turn away from me vain hopes and concupiscence, and thou shalt hold him up that is desirous always to serve thee. |
| 23:6 | [ⲙⲡⲣ]ⲧⲣⲉⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧⲙⲁⲓⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ [ⲧⲁ]ϩⲟⲓ ⲙⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛⲧⲉⲑⲏ ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲁⲁⲧ ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧⲥ ⲛⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲁⲧⲃⲁⲗ ⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧⲙⲁⲓⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲧⲁϩⲟⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲧ̀ϩⲏ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲁⲁⲧ ⲉⲧⲟⲧⲥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧⲃⲁⲗ ⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ | mpenθreoumntmais·hime tahoi nem ououōṡ ǹte t̀·hy m̀pertaat etots ǹoupsiṡy ǹatval t̀s̀vō ǹt̀tapro | Let not the greediness of the belly nor lust of the flesh take hold of me; and give not over me thy servant into an impudent mind. |
| 23:7 | ⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲧⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲉⲧϩⲁⲣⲉϩ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛⲛⲉϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ | ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ⲥ̀ⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉⲧⲁ̀ⲣⲉϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ | sōtem naṡyri èt̀s̀vō ǹt̀tapro ouoh petàreh èros ǹneftako | Hear, O ye children, the discipline of the mouth: he that keepeth it shall never be taken in his lips. |
| 23:8 | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲣⲉϥⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲙⲛⲡⲣⲉϥⲥⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲙⲛⲡϫⲁⲥⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲗⲓⲍⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ | ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲟⲥ ϩⲓ ⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲡ̀ⲣⲉϥⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡ̀ⲣⲉϥⲥⲁϩⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡ̀ϭⲁⲥⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲁⲉⲣⲥⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲗⲓⲍⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ | ouoh senatahos hi nefspotou p̀refernovi nem p̀refsahou nem p̀ċasihyt naerskanḋalizin ǹxytou | The sinner shall be left in his foolishness: both the evil speaker and the proud shall fall thereby. |
| 23:9 | ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉⲣⲱⲕ ⲉⲱⲣⲕ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲟⲡⲕ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉⲣⲱⲕ ⲉⲱⲣⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲟⲡⲕ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲫ̀ⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ | m̀pertsaverōk eōrk ouoh m̀pertopk ètavef̀ran ǹpeθouab | Accustom not thy mouth to swearing; neither use thyself to the naming of the Holy One. |
| 23:10 | ⲛⲑⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲟⲩϩⲙϩⲁⲗ ⲉⲩϫⲛⲟ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛϩⲁϩ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲛϥⲛⲁⲣⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲥⲏϣⲉ ⲧⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣⲕ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲩⲟ ⲙⲡⲣⲁⲛ ⲛϩⲁϩ ⲛⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲛϥⲛⲁⲧⲃⲃⲟ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲛⲟⲃⲉ | ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲩϫⲛⲟ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲛ̀ϥⲛⲁⲣⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲥⲏϣⲉ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣⲕ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲩⲟ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ⲛ̀ⲥⲟⲡ ⲉⲛ̀ϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ | ǹf̀ryti ġar ǹouvōk evgno m̀mof ǹhah ǹsop eǹfnarvol an èsyṡe θai te f̀ryti ǹpetōrk eftavo ǹf̀ran ǹhah ǹsop eǹfnatouvo an ènovi | For as a servant that is continually beaten shall not be without a blue mark: so he that sweareth and nameth God continually shall not be faultless. |
| 23:11 | ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲣⲉϥⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛⲱⲣⲕ ϥⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩϩ ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲅⲝ ⲕⲁⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲧⲏϥ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧϥ ⲕⲁⲛ ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲟⲃϣϥ ⲁϥⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲱⲣⲕ ⲉⲡϫⲓⲛϫⲏ ⲛϥⲛⲁⲧⲙⲁⲉⲓⲟ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲁⲙⲟⲩϩ ⲙⲙⲟⲭⲥ | ⲟⲩ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉϥⲁϣⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲱⲣⲕ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲙⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲅⲝ ⲭⲁⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲧⲏϥ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧϥ ⲕⲁⲛ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲟⲃϣϥ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲥ̀ⲛⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϣⲱⲡ ⲛⲧⲁϥⲱⲣⲕ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϫⲓⲛϫⲏ ⲛ̀ϥⲛⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲉⲓⲟ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉϥⲏⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲁⲙⲟϩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ | ou rōmi ǹrefaṡai ǹteōrk f̀namoh ǹànomia ouoh ǹǹmastiġks kapefyi afṡanrhtyf pefnovi ǹxytf kan afṡanovṡf afernovi s̀nav ouoh eṡōp ntafōrk èp̀jinjy ǹfnaṡtemaeio an pefyi ġar namoh m̀mok̀ristos | A man that useth much swearing shall be filled with iniquity, and the plague shall never depart from his house: if he shall offend, his sin shall be upon him: and if he acknowledge not his sin, he maketh a double offence: and if he swear in vain, he shall not be innocent, but his house shall be full of calamities. |
| 23:12 | ⲟⲩϣⲁϫⲉ ⲉϥϭⲟⲟⲗⲉ ⲙⲡⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉⲩϭⲛⲧϥ ϩⲛⲧⲉ[ⲕⲗ]ⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲛⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧ[ⲏⲣ]ⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲉ ⲛⲛⲣⲙⲛⲛⲟ[ⲩⲧⲉ] ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉ...ⲛⲧⲟⲩ ϩⲛⲛⲟⲃⲉ | ⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲉϥϫⲏⲗ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲩϫⲉⲙϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ⲕ̀ⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲉⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲣⲙⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉ... Ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲟⲃⲓ | ousaji efjyl ǹf̀mou ǹnevjemf xen t̀k̀lyronomia ǹiakōb nai ġar tyrou naouei ǹǹrmnnoute ouoh ne... Ǹtou xen novi | There is a word that is clothed about with death: God grant that it be not found in the heritage of Jacob; for all such things shall be far from the godly, and they shall not wallow in their sins. |
| 23:13 | ⲙⲡⲣⲧ[ⲥⲁⲃ]ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉⲟⲩⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ ⲉⲥⲃⲱ ⲉⲥϩⲟⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ | m̀pertsavetektapro esvō es·hoou je ouon saji ǹnovi ǹxyts | Use not thy mouth to intemperate swearing, for therein is the word of sin. |
| 23:14 | ⲁⲣⲓⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲉⲓⲱⲧ ⲙⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲁⲩ ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲛϩⲉⲛⲛⲟϭ ⲙⲏⲡⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲅⲣⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲙⲡⲉⲩⲙⲧⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲅⲣⲥⲟϭ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲧⲟⲡⲥ ⲛⲅⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϫⲡⲟⲕ ⲛⲅⲥϩⲟⲩⲣⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁⲥⲧⲕ | ⲁ̀ⲣⲓⲫ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲥⲱⲟⲩϩ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ̀ϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑ̀ⲙⲏϯ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙⲏⲡⲟⲧⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲙ̀ⲑⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲣⲥⲟϭ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲟⲡⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲟⲩϫⲫⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲥϩⲟⲩⲣⲡⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁⲥⲧⲕ | àrif̀mevi ǹpekiōt nem tekmav eknasōouh ġar èxoun xen θ̀myti ǹhanniṡti mypote ǹtekerpōvṡ ǹpoum̀θo èvol ǹtekrsoċ ǹtektop·s ǹtekouōṡ enem̀peougfok ǹtek·s·hourpèhoou etavmastk | Remember thy father and thy mother, when thou sittest among great men. Be not forgetful before them, and so thou by thy custom become a fool, and wish that thou hadst not been born, and curse they day of thy nativity. |
| 23:15 | ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲡⲏⲩ ⲉϩⲛϣⲁϫⲉ ⲛⲛⲟϭⲛⲉϭ ⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲓⲥⲃⲱ ⲛⲛⲉϥϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ | ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉϥⲧⲁⲡⲏⲩ ⲉ̀ϩⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟϫⲛⲉϫ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϭⲓⲥⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ | ourōmi eftapyv èhansaji ǹnogneg ǹnefċisvō ǹnefèhoou tyrou | The man that is accustomed to opprobrious words will never be reformed all the days of his life. |
| 23:16 | ϩⲱⲃ ⲥⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲁϣⲉⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡⲙⲉϩϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ ϣⲁϥⲉⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲣⲅⲏ | ϩⲱⲃ ⲥ̀ⲛⲁⲩ ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲧⲁϣⲉⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡ̀ⲙⲉϩϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ ϣⲁϥⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲣⲅⲏ | hōb s̀nav naṡavtaṡenovi ouoh p̀mehṡomnt ṡafìni ǹouorgy | Two sorts of men multiply sin, and the third will bring wrath: a hot mind is as a burning fire, it will never be quenched till it be consumed: a fornicator in the body of his flesh will never cease till he hath kindled a fire. |
| 23:17 | ⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ϣⲏⲙ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲱϩⲧ ⲉϥⲙⲟⲩϩ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲣⲛⲟⲥ ϩⲙⲡⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉϥⲕⲁⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲙⲡϥϫⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲕⲱϩⲧ ⲟⲉⲓⲕ ⲛⲓⲙ ϩⲟⲗϭ ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲣⲛⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉϥⲕⲁⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲙⲡϥⲙⲟⲩ | ⲟⲩⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲧ ϣⲏⲙ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲣⲱⲙ ⲉϥⲙⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲣⲛⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉϥⲭⲁⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲭ̀ⲣⲱⲙ ⲱⲓⲕ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϩⲟⲗϫ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲟⲣⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉϥⲭⲁⲧⲟⲟⲧϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲙⲟⲩ | oupsiṡy ǹhyt ṡym ǹf̀ryti ǹouk̀rōm efmoh ouoh ourōmi ǹpornos xen p̀·sōma ǹtefsarks ouoh nefkatootf èvol empefjereouk̀rōm ōik niven holg ǹourōmi ǹpornos ouoh nefkatootf èvol empefmou | All bread is sweet to a whoremonger, he will not leave off till he die. |
| 23:18 | ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲓⲡⲉϥϭⲗⲟϭ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲡⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲙⲡⲁⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛ[ⲓϫ]ⲟ ϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲙⲙⲟⲓ [ⲙⲛ]ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲉⲓⲣϩ[ⲟⲧⲉ] ϩⲏⲧϥ ⲛⲛⲓⲙ ⲙⲡⲉⲧϫⲟⲥⲉ ⲛⲁⲣⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ [ⲁⲛ] ⲛⲛⲁⲛⲟⲃⲉ | ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲓ ⲡⲉϥϭⲗⲟϫ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲓ ⲡ̀ⲕⲁⲕⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲱϯ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲓ ϫⲟ ϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲗⲁⲁⲩ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲓ ⲉⲓⲉⲣϩⲟϯ ϩⲏⲧϥ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲧϭⲟⲥⲓ ⲛⲁⲉⲣⲫ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲃⲓ | ourōmi eftōoun hi pefċlog efgō m̀mos xen pefhyt je nim petnav èroi p̀kake ǹpakōti ouoh nai go hōvs m̀moi m̀mon laav nōou èroi eierhoti hytf ǹnim ǹpetċosi naerf̀mevi an ǹnanovi | A man that breaketh wedlock, saying thus in his heart, Who seeth me? I am compassed about with darkness, the walls cover me, and no body seeth me; what need I to fear? the most High will not remember my sins: |
| 23:19 | ⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲛⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲛⲉⲧϥⲣϩⲟ[ⲧⲉ] ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛϥⲉⲓⲙⲉ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲙⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲟ ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓⲛ ⲉⲡⲣⲏ ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲃⲁ ⲛⲕⲱⲃ ⲉⲩϭⲱϣⲧ ⲉϫⲛⲛⲉϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲙⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲏⲡ | ⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲗ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲧϥⲉⲣϩⲟϯ ϩⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϥⲉⲙⲓ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲗ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲏ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲑⲃⲁ ⲛ̀ⲕⲱⲃ ⲉⲩϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ⲛ̀ⲙⲁ ⲉⲧϩⲏⲡ | ǹval ǹǹrōmi netferhoti hytou ǹfemi an je ǹval ǹp̀ċois oi ǹouōini èp̀ry ǹouθva ǹkōb evgouṡt èjen ǹmōit tyrou ǹǹrōmi ouoh evnav èǹma et·hyp | Such a man only feareth the eyes of men, and knoweth not that the eyes of the Lord are ten thousand times brighter than the sun, beholding all the ways of men, and considering the most secret parts. |
| 23:20 | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧϥⲥⲛⲧⲛⲕⲁ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲥⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲙⲛⲛⲥⲁⲧⲣⲉϥϫⲟⲕⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ | ⲉ̀ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲛⲧⲛⲕⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲥⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲟⲕⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ | èm̀patefsntnka niven seouonh èrof ouoh ouon niven menensaθrefgokou èvol | He knew all things ere ever they were created; so also after they were perfected he looked upon them all. |
| 23:21 | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲓⲕⲃⲁ ⲙⲡⲁⲓ ϩⲛⲛⲉⲡⲗⲁⲧⲓⲁ ⲛⲟⲩⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϭⲟⲡϥ ϩⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡϥⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉⲣⲟϥ | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲓⲕⲃⲁ ⲛ̀ⲫⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲗⲁⲧⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϭⲟⲡϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ | senajikva ǹfai xen ǹp̀latia ǹoupolis ouoh senaċopf xen pète m̀pefmevi èrof | This man shall be punished in the streets of the city, and where he suspecteth not he shall be taken. |
| 23:22 | ⲧⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲕⲁⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲛⲥϫⲡⲉϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁ | ⲑⲁⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥ̀ϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲭⲁⲡ̀ⲥ̀ϧⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϫⲡⲉϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ | θai on te f̀ryti ǹous̀·himi esnakap̀·s̀xai ǹsōs ǹtesgpeṡyri nem keouai | Thus shall it go also with the wife that leaveth her husband, and bringeth in an heir by another. |
| 23:23 | ϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲙⲉⲛ ϫⲉⲁⲥⲣⲁⲧⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲛⲥⲁⲡⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲡⲉⲧϫⲟⲥⲉ ⲡⲙⲉϩⲥⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉⲁⲥⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲓ ⲡⲙⲉϩϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲣⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓⲁ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲥϫⲡⲉϣⲏⲣⲉ ⲙⲛⲕ[ⲉⲟⲩⲁ] | ϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲙⲉⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲥⲉⲣⲁⲧⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲡ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲧϭⲟⲥⲓ ⲡ̀ⲙⲉϩⲥⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲥⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ⲥ̀ϧⲁⲓ ⲡ̀ⲙⲉϩϣⲟⲙⲛⲧ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲣⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲣⲛⲓⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲥϫⲡⲉϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ | ṡorp men je aseratsōtem ǹsa p̀nomos ǹpetċosi p̀mehsnav je asernovi èp̀·s̀xai p̀mehṡomnt etasrnoeik xen oupornia ouoh asgpeṡyri nem keouai | For first, she hath disobeyed the law of the most High; and secondly, she hath trespassed against her own husband; and thirdly, she hath played the whore in adultery, and brought children by another man. |
| 23:24 | ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲧⲙⲏⲧⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲩⲉϭⲛⲡϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲉ | ⲉⲩⲉⲛⲑⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲉ̀ϫⲉⲙⲡ̀ϣⲓⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲓ | evenθai èvol èθmyti ǹoumyṡ ouoh evèjemp̀ṡine ǹnesṡyri | She shall be brought out into the congregation, and inquisition shall be made of her children. |
| 23:25 | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲉ ϫⲉⲛⲟⲩⲛⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲥⲕⲗⲁⲇⲟⲥ ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲛⲉⲥⲕⲗⲁⲇⲟⲥ ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ | ǹnenesṡyri je nouni èvol ouoh nenesklaḋos tavekarpos | Her children shall not take root, and her branches shall bring forth no fruit. |
| 23:26 | ⲥⲛⲁⲕⲁⲡⲉⲥⲣⲡⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ ⲉⲛ[ⲥⲁϩⲟⲩ ...] | ⲥⲛⲁⲭⲁⲡⲉⲥⲣⲫ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ ⲉⲛⲥⲁϩⲟⲩ... | snakapesrf̀mevi ensahou... | She shall leave her memory to be cursed, and her reproach shall not be blotted out. |
| 23:27 | ⲁⲩⲱ ⲥⲉ[ⲛⲁⲉ]ⲓⲙⲉ ⲛϭⲓⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϣⲱ[ϫⲡ] ϫⲉⲙⲛ[ⲡⲉⲧ]ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲉⲑⲟⲧⲉ ⲙⲡϫⲟ[ⲉⲓⲥ] ⲁⲩⲱ ⲙⲛⲡⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϭ ⲉϯϩⲧⲏⲕ ⲉⲛⲉϥⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ | Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲉⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱϫⲡ ϫⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩϥ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ϩⲟϯ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲧϩⲟⲗϫ ⲉϯϩⲧⲏⲕ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉϥⲉⲛⲧⲟⲗⲏ | Ouoh senaemi ǹje nentavsōgp je m̀mon petnanouf èt̀·hoti ǹp̀ċois ouoh nem pet·holg etihtyk ènefentoly | And they that remain shall know that there is nothing better than the fear of the Lord, and that there is nothing sweeter than to take heed unto the commandments of the Lord. |
Provenance
- title
- Sirach 23
- dialect
- sahidic
- source
- Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 71_Sirach_23
- licence
- CC-BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Sirach 23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 71_Sirach_23, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- annotation
- segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Sirach/23.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
- title
- Sirach 23 — Cairene
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from 23.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 71_Sirach_23)
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Sirach 23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 71_Sirach_23, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- annotation
- segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
- generated by
- tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: abbrev=1 abbrev_unstroked=1 editorial_lacuna=4 lexeme_L1-S-3=2 lexeme_open=1 restored_accepted=16 th_resolved=7 tokens=308
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Sirach/23.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
- title
- Sirach 23 — Kemetic
- dialect
- bohairic
- source
- generated from 23.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
- licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Sirach 23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 71_Sirach_23, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- annotation
- segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
- generated by
- tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
- file
- Bible/Old Testament/Sirach/23.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt
- what it is
- DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
- lines
- 27 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
- quoted from
- Brenton's Septuagint (1851) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 71_Sirach_23 (27 lines)
L0 witness
L1 Cairene
L2 Kemetic
English
Cite as:
Sirach 23. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 71_Sirach_23. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/sirach/23.sahidic.scriptorium/. Sirach 23 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 71_Sirach_23, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.