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Attribution: Charles – The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London 1916); public domain in Canada (death year verified: R. H. Charles d.1931 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924479 d. 1931-01-30) — staged at corpus/incoming/histories/historians/john-of-nikiu-chronicle/charles-john-of-nikiu-1916.pdf from https://archive.org/details/JohnOfNikiuChronicle1916 (HIST-1, 2026-09-29)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

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ref	L0 witness
p. 1
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1	·1
2	i
3	TEXT AND TRANSLATION SOCIETY.
4	President
5	Professor F. C. BURKITT, Cambridge.
6	Vice-P resid en t
7	'Mr. NORMAN McLEAN, University Lecturer in Aramaic, Cambridge.
8	Hon. Treasurer
9	Dr. A. COWLEY, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
10	Committee
11	The Rev. ProfessorW. E. BARNES, Cambridge.
12	Dr. J. SUTHERLAND BLACK, Joint Editor of the E1Zcyc!opaedia Biblica.
13	Mr. F. C. CONYBEARE, formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford.
14	Mr. S. A. COOK, Lecturer in Hebrew and in the Comparative Study of
15	Religions, GonvilIe and Caius College, Cambridge.
16	Mr. A. G. ELLIS, India Office.
17	The Very Rev. J. ARMITAGE ROBINSON, Dean of Wells.
18	Mr. J. F. STENNING, Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford.
19	Hon. Secretary
20	Miss CARTHEW, 6 Albert Place, Kensington, London, W.
p. 3
21	TEXT AND TRANSLATION SOCIETY.
22	Established for the purpose of editing and translating Oriental Texts chiefly
23	preserved in the British Museum. :
24	Volumes already issued.
25	THE SIXTH BOOK OF THE SELECT LETTERS OF SEVERUS, PATRIARCH OF
26	ANTIOCH, in the Syriac Version of Athanasius of Nisibis.
27	Edited and
28	Translated by E. W. Brooks, M.A. Vol. 1. Text, Parts 1 and H. Vol. II . .
29	Translation, Parts 1 and 11.
30	1902-4.
31	THE CANONS OF ATHANASIUS OF ALEXANDRIA, in Arabic and CopUc.
32	Edited and Translated by W. Rt'edel and W. E. Crum.
33	1904.
34	A RABBINIC COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF JOB, contained in a Unique
35	MS. at Cambridge.
36	Edited by W. Aldis Wright, with English Trans-
37	lation by Dr. S. A. Hirsch.
38	1905.
39	AN ANCIENT ARMENIAN VERSION OF THE APOCALYPSE OF S. JOHN; also
40	THE ARMENIAN TEXTS OF CYRIL OF
41	ALEXANDRIA 'SCHOLIA DE
42	INCARNATIONE', and EPISTLE TO THEODOSIUS UPON EASTER.
43	All
44	Edited with English Versions, &c., by F. C. Conybeare, M.A.
45	1907.
46	THE SYRO-HEXAPLAR FRAGMENTS OF CHRONICLES, EZRA AND NEHEMIAH;
47	also THE NON-PESHITTO CATHOLIC EPISTLES.
48	Edited with full critical
49	apparatus, &c., by the Rev. Dr. J. Gwymz. 19°9.
50	COPTIC TEXTS ON S. THEODORE. Edited and Translated by E. O. Winstedl,
51	B. Litt.
52	1910.
53	S. EPHRAIM'S PROSE REFUTATIONS OF MANI, MARCION AND BARDAISAN.
54	Edited and Translated from the Palimpsest in the British Museum by
55	the Rev. C. W. 111£tchell, M.A. Vol. 1. The Discourses to Hypatius. 1912.
56	EUPHEMIA AND THE GOTH, wz'th the A cts of the Confessors of Edessa.
57	Edited and examined by F. C. Burkitt. 1913.
58	TWO COMMENTARIES ON THE JACOBITE LITURGY, BY GEORGE BISHOP OF
59	THE ARAB TRIBES AND MOSES BAR KEPHA; TOGETHER WITH THE
60	SYRIAC ANAPHORA OF ST. JAMES, AND A DOCUMENT ENTITLED THE
61	Book of Life, by Dom R. H. Connolly, M.A., and H. W. Codrington, B.A.
62	1913.
63	'\
64	t'
65	. ... ;
p. 4
66	" I
67	r
68	In Preparation.
69	S. EPHRAIM'S PROSE REFUTATIONS.
70	Vol. II. The Book of Domnus: in
71	the Press.
72	Vol. IJI : In Preparation.
73	Edited and Translated by the
74	Rev. C. w. Mitchell.
75	A TRANSLATION OF THE HOMILIES OF APHRAATES. By H. L. Pass, M.A.
76	AN EDITION OF THE 'BOOK OF HIEROTHEUS' OF l,3AR SUDAILI.
77	By the
78	Rev. A. S. Duncan Jones, M.A.
79	A
80	TRANSLATION
81	OF
82	THE SYRIAC
83	VERSION
84	OF
85	' THll
86	BAZAAR'
87	OF
88	HERACLIDES. By Norman McLean, M.A.
89	PUBLISHED FOR THE SOCIETY BY
90	MESSRS. WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14 HENRIETTA STREET, LONDON, W.C.
p. 5
p. 6
91	8,1. ~-4-.15'
92	THE CHRONICLE
93	OF
94	JOHN, BISHOP OF NIKIU
95	TRANSLATED FROM
96	ZOTENBERG'S ETHIOPIC TEXT
97	----~-------;----------~ ----------
98	----~----------
99	BY
100	R. H. CHARLES, D.LITT., D.D.
101	CANON OF WEST~IINSTER
102	FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY
103	.1
104	PUBLISHED FOR THE TEXT AND TRANSLATION SOCIETY BY
105	WILLIAMS & NORGATE
106	14 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON
107	AND 7 BROAD STREET, OXFORD
108	1916
p. 7
109	PlUNTED AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
110	BY FREDERICK HALL
111	PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
112	-- -- ------------------- -------------------------------------------------"----
113	-----~--------
p. 8
114	INTRODUCTION
115	§ l. JOHN, BISHOP OF N IKIU AND HIS CHRONICLE.
116	r
117	(
118	JOHN OF NIKIU 1 was probably born about the time of the
119	! Mohammedan invasion of Egypt. He was the Coptic bishop
120	"-. \ of Nikiu and 'rector' of the bishops of Upper Egypt who
121	\, t took part in the election of the successor of John of Sammld
122	/~'~ /1 in 690 A. D. In 696 he was appointed administrator general
123	of the Monasteries, but was later deposed from these offices on
124	the ground that he had abused his powers.
125	His Ohronicle, though even imperfectly preserved, is of
126	immense value to historians of Egypt. As Butler 2 remarks:
127	'It is the acquisition of John's manuscript by the British
128	Abyssinian expedition which has made it possible 'to write
129	a history of the Arab conquest of Egypt.' Unhappily, how-
130	ever, his Ohronicle has suffered in the course of transmission.
131	Large portions of it have been lost. That some of these losses,
132	were sustained after it had been translated into Arabic is
133	shown by the fact that the rubrics (see pp. 1-14 of this book),
134	which were prefi:x.ed by the Arabic translator, do not always
135	correspond to the chapters they profess to summarize.
136	Thus
137	rubric CXIV (CXV) 3: 'How the Moslem took Misr in the
138	fourteenth year of the cycle and made the fortress of Baby Ion
139	open its gates in the fifteenth year', has no relation to the
140	actual contents of that chapter. Again, there is a lamentable
141	gap of thirty years, from 610 to 640, from the accession of
142	Heraclius to the arrival of the Arabs before Babylon in Egypt.
143	Hence we are without John's account of the Persian wars,
144	1 I have followed the general usage in England, using the Coptic form of
145	the name. In the Ethiopic text, however, this form never occurs.
146	Some-
147	times we have Nikius and at others Nakius (the Arabic form of the word).
148	The Greek was NIKlOV; but see p. 15, note 2.
149	2 Arab Conquest of Egypt, p. ix.
150	3 See p. 13.
p. 9
151	!
152	IV
153	INTRODUCTION
154	of the Persian occupation of Egypt, and of their evacuation of
155	it early in 627 under pressure of Heraclius's victories: also
156	of the ten yea,rs' persecution of the Copts by Cyrus, patriarch
157	of Alexandria, and of the first acts of the invasion of Egypt
158	by the Arabs.
159	When John resumes his story Theodore the
160	comma.nder-in-chief of the Roman armies in Egypt has just
161	learnt the defeat of the local levies under John and the death
162	of that general.
163	Those who wish to gain a coherent and historical knowledge
164	of the contribution made to the history of Egypt by John of
165	Nikiu have only to read the resume in Butler's The Arrab
166	Conquest of Egypt, pp. 8-27.
167	But this work must be read
168	as a whole for the new light it throws on Egyptian history of
169	---.---- this date. In this field Gibbon fails us, since he often mis-
170	conceives the role played by Egypt at this period. Seeing
171	that Egypt took a prominent part in the revolution against
172	Phocas and was one of the most turbulent countries in the
173	whole Empire, as we now learn from John of Nikiu and other
174	less authoritative sources, it is clear that he could not have
175	described the rebellion of Heraclius against Phocas in the
176	terms he did (v. 66-7, Bury's ed.) and declared that Egypt
177	was 'the only province which had been exempt, since the time
178	of Diocletian, from foreign and domestic war' (v. 71) if he
179	had had John of Nikiu's Chronicle at his disposal.
180	\.
181	§ 2.
182	VERSIONS OF JOHN OF Nuuu.
183	John of Nikiu was written originally in Greek, but it is not
184	improbable, as Zotenberg points out, that some chapters which
185	dealt with purely Egyptian affairs were written in Ooptic.
186	This hypothesis is supported by the Coptic forms of proper
187	names. But this question needs to be critically and fully
188	threshed out.
189	It is impossible at present to attempt to
190	delimit the boundaries of the Coptic sections.
191	A Sahidic fragment was discovered in the Berlin Museum,
192	which according to its discoverer, Dr. Schafer1 is closely
193	related to John's Chronicle.
194	Future investigation must
195	determine whether this Sahidic fragment is derived directly
196	from the original work or translated from one of its versions,
p. 10
197	INTHODuc'rION
198	v
199	or whether it is merely an independent document dealing
200	with the same material as our Chronicle.
201	From Greek the Chronicle was translated into Arabic, and
202	from Arabic into Ethiopic in the year 1602.
203	The Arabic
204	version is wholly lost, though Amelineau, in his Vie du Pa-
205	triarche Copte Isaac, p. xxiv, n., states that he knows of an
206	Arabic manuscript of John's Chronicle.
207	But when asked for,
208	further information by Dr. Butler, none was forthcoming (see
209	Butler, op. cit., p. ix, n.).
210	The Ethiopic version gives the student the impression of
211	being a literal reproduction of the Arabic. It is rather of
212	a hybrid description.
213	The Ethiopic itself is very late and
214	unclassical, and exhibits idioms impossible in the earlier period.
215	It contains many transliterations from the earlier languages
216	in which the Chronicle was written. Thus we have 'Iti> p.&KaLpa
217	transliterated in 224, 7Tavo7TTI]S in 33, 0 7Tavrapxos in 51 62, ~ALaKr,
218	•• (TEA'I]VLaKr, in 746, avayv~(J'r'l]s in 7913, cpLAaAr,8'1]s in 8953, &c., &c.
219	The Arabic names of five of the planets are ,transliterated in
220	21, and other Arabic words in 8430, 972,16, 10210,10718,33, 1093,
221	&c., &c.
222	Amharic words appear occasionally, as 962, 1071°,
223	1081°, but this is due to the Ethiopic translator's use of
224	Amharic colloquially.
225	The Coptic article has survived in 3P,
226	10714, as Zotenberg has shown.
227	§ 3.
228	THE ETHIOPIC MANUSCRIPTS.
229	There are only two manuscripts at present known of this
230	version, which for convenience are designated A and B.
231	A is No. 146 in Zotenberg's Catalogue of the Ethiopic
232	manuscripts in the Bibliotheque N ationale. It is written on
233	vellum, being about 368 mm. by 296.
234	Each page has three
235	columns of thirty-two lines each.
236	According to Zotenberg it
237	was written in the seventeenth century. Our Chronicle begins
238	all fo1. 62 and ends on fo1. 138.
239	B.
240	This manuscript is Orient. 818 in the British Museum
241	(391 a in Wright's Catalogue of the Ethiopic manuscripts there).
242	It is written on vellum, being about 14~ in. by 13, and con-
243	tains 191 folios.
244	Each page has three columns of thirty-six
245	lines each. It is well written, and belongs to the first· half of
246	the eighteenth century.
247	I I
248	~ ifl
p. 11
249	VI
250	INTRODUCTION
251	John ofNikiu begins on fol. 48l\ and ends on fol. 102b• In the
252	last column it is stated that it was translated from the Arabic
253	version in 1602 by Gabriel the Egyptian, son of John of
254	Ka~jub, at the order of the Abyssinian general Athanasius and
255	of Mariam Sena (Malak Mogasa), the wife of Jacob, Malak
256	Sagad the younger (1597-1603 A.D.).
257	These two manuscripts are not copies of the same manuscript,
258	but are derived, and not distantly, from one and the same
259	exemplar.
260	§ 4.
261	ZOTENBERG'S ETHIOPrc TEXT.
262	Zotenberg's text (Chronique de Jean, Eveque de Nikiou,
263	Texte ethiopien JYi&ulie et t1'aduit, Paris, 1883) is on the whole
264	reasonahly good as a first edition.
265	Since there are only two
266	manuscripts, and these are closely related, there was little
267	difficulty experienced in forming the text.
268	But Zotenberg's
269	chief merit lies not in the making of the text, but in the
270	great ingenuity he has shown in deciphering the very cor-
271	rupt forms under which a considerable number of the
272	proper names are disguised.
273	The corruptions in question
274	are due to the fact that the Ethiopic translators were using
275	an unpointed Arabic text, and were largely ignorant of the
276	historical persons and events described in John of Nikiu's
277	Chronicle.
278	But this merit should be dealt with rather in
279	connexion with Zotenberg's translation than with his text.
280	We have observed that the text is reasonably good.
281	This
282	qualified praise will become more intelligible as we proceed.
283	Thus, frequently, where the text is unquestionably and some-
284	times hopelessly corrupt, no attention is drawn to this fact
285	either by the use of obeli in the text or footnotes, and not
286	unfrequently the translation proceeds as if the constructions
287	were quite normal. In footnotes in my translation I have
288	called attention to some of these passages.
289	Here I mention a
290	few cases either where an absolutely corrupt text has been
291	reproduced, or the text has been wrongly emended.
292	First let
293	us take the proper name avbliyn.f':'li: (i. e. Maximian), which
294	is allowed to stand wrongly in 7747,48,73,74,83,88,92, where it
295	should have been emended into avbliOTl.J.li: (i. e. Maximin).
p. 12
296	INTRODUCTION
297	vu
298	On the other hand, he wrongly allows the latter to remain
299	in 772,25. ,In his translation, however, these errors are set
300	right silently save in two instances. In 8869 Zotenberg omits
301	the clause 'to set free her mother'
302	(.e~.e:,: t1.1:: (\hOJf:) ,
303	and thus fails to recognize the meanink of this verb in 8867,
304	where he renders it by permettre, i. e. 'de permettre a v th'ine
305	de demeurer dans le chateau d'Isaurie '. But this gives exactly
306	the opposite sense to what we require.
307	See my emendation
308	'on p. 117, note 4.
309	In the passage just dealt with we have a very common kind
310	of error into which Zotenberg falls.
311	He emends a passage in
312	such a way as to make it inconsistent with its context or
313	with the universal tradition on the subject.
314	Thus in 8867
315	Zotenberg emends the vox nulla .elf1t1.: into .elf1:rt1.: (=' to put
316	bel' to death '), but the rest of the verse suggests that Zeno
317	only intended to keep the empress under guard. Hence we
318	should read .eOri'll:.
319	Another instance of Zotenberg's wrong restoration of the
320	text occurs earlier in this chapter. In 8844 he renders his
321	reconstructed text as follows, tbe words enclosed in brackets
322	being Zotenberg's addition to supply an indubitable loss:
323	43. 'Quant au patriarche Pierre, on le transport a, charge de
324	chaines, dans la ville d'Euchaltes . . ..
325	44. [On nomma
326	en suite patriarche d'Antioche EtienneJ qui proscrivait la secte
327	de Nestorius. En consequence tous les habitants de la ville le
328	detestaient, et il fut massacre par la popUlation d'Antioche et
329	le clerge.' Here, according to Zotenberg's restored text, Peter
330	the Fuller is transported to Euchaites, and his successor
331	Stephen is put to death by the clergy and laity of Antioch
332	because he had persecuted the N estorians. Now the facts are
333	exactly the opposite. Peter was a persecutor of the N estorians,
334	but Stephen was charged before a Council of N estorianism
335	and, when his enemies failed to prove their accusation, the
336	inhabitants of Antioch, who were strong opponents of N es-
337	torianism, took the law into their own hands and put Stephen
338	to death.
339	See my note on p. 113.
340	In 821 Zotenberg inserts tbHl: after Ufr:, and OR"'tb: before
341	hCID:.
342	Thus he arrives at the following translation, in which
343	he omits CIDR-li:: 'Apres la mort de Jovien, l'ami de Dieu,
p. 13
344	Vlll
345	INTRODUCTION
346	[regnaJ Valentinien.
347	Comme il y avait une grande affiiction
348	panni les officiers, a cause de la mort de l'empereur Jovien, [il
349	etait venuJ pour pleurer avec les autres.'
350	I have inserted in
351	square brackets Zotenbel'g's additions.
352	Now this is not John
353	of Nikiu, but Zotenberg.
354	John's text is literally as follows:
355	'And after the death of the Godloving J ovian, Valentinian,
356	being the foremost amongst the officers, came to mourn with
357	them over the death of the emperor J ovian.'
358	In 12046 the text is not defective and is perfectly right
359	historically and grammatically. The literal rendering of the
360	text is: 'This letter was sent by Martina ... to David ...
361	(urging him) ... to put down the sons of Constantine, who had
362	been emperor with Heraclius, his brother.'
363	The persons
364	referred to are as follows: Heraclius I married first Eudocia
365	and had by her Constantine III here mentioned, and married
366	secondly Martina and had by her the Heraclius 11 here
367	mentioned. Thus' brother' in the text means in reality' half-
368	brother '. Again,' the sons of Constantine Ill' in the text
369	were Constantine (i. e. Constans 11) and Theodosius. Now it is
370	these grandchildren of Heraclius I that Martina requested
371	David to remove in favour of her own children by Heraclius I.
372	Zotcnberg, however, misconceives the passage utterly and
373	emends it. His rendering then is: 'Une lettre que l'on disait
374	avoir eM adressee par Martine ... a David ... pour l'engager
375	... it deposseder les fils de Constantin, c'est-a-dire Constantin
376	(le jeune), qui gouvernait avec Heraclius et son frere.'
377	The
378	phrase 'c' est ... Constantin' is needlessly inserted by Zoten-
379	berg, and' et '~quite wrongly added before' son frere '.
380	This
381	last addition makes the text unintelligible.
382	I will content myself with adducing another erroneous
383	emendation.
384	On p. 25 of his text Zotenberg quite rightly
385	follows his manuscripts in reading "rm~h: fi:ml: avl'J»i!:, but
386	as a footnote on p. 236 of his translation, and in the list of
387	'Corrections' on p. 487, he writes that avl'J»i!: must be
388	emended into avl,p'-r: or avl'J»-t:. Thus he takes ~'m~h:
389	to be a transitive verb and accordingly translates' tu detruiras
390	bient6t le gouvernement '.
391	But mfi:h: is always intransitive.
392	Hence the manuscripts are right, and the text should be
393	rendered: 'the kingdom ... will speedily be destroyed.'
p. 14
394	INTROD UC'l'ION
395	IX
396	This list could be largely increased, but sufficient facts have
397	been given to prove that Zotenberg's text needs to be carefully
398	revised.
399	§ 5.
400	ZOTENBERG'S TRANSLATION AND INDEX.
401	Though this translation is still more faulty than the text,
402	the gratitude of all scholars interested in this subject is due
403	to this scholar for the immense industry and the great learning
404	he has shown in the illustration and explanation' of his
405	author.
406	The student win find the results of such studies in
407	the notes on the French translation as well as in the earlier
408	contributions in the Journal Asiatique, t. x, 1877, p. 451 sqq.;
409	t. xii, 1878, p. 245 sqq.; t. xiii, 1879, p. 291 sqq.
410	I have
411	learnt much from the notes, but I have preferred to work to
412	a great extent independently with the help of the Greek
413	chronographers. The translation is supl'isingly faulty. I will
414	confine my criticism to the later chapters, and select from
415	these only a limited number of typical mistranslations.
416	In 12044 the text is to be rendered' whom Heracleonas.had
417	taken unto him (as colleague)', as is manifest from 12043•
418	But Zotenberg renders' qu' Heracl€onas avait leve des fonts
419	baptismaux' (I).
420	In 824 he emends the text and reads ,
421	h..£.1P'h: ih~.fl: wfa..lifTD">: (MSS. wfa..li!fD~:) Ohl1!:.
422	This = 'he
423	did not accept gifts and bribes rashly' -a statement which
424	would imply that he exercised great discretion in his acts of
425	maladministration.
426	But this is quite contrary to the context,
427	and so Zotenberg abandons his emended text and likewise
428	the manuscripts and simply writes 'il ne se laissait pas
429	corrompre par des dons '.
430	But Ohl1!: (=' rashly') must be
431	rendered.
432	Hence we have only to emend li!fD1: into lifTD}:
433	and we ani ve at the following excellent sense: 'he refused
434	bribes, and did not give his confidence rashly.'
435	In 84!J7 Ohh.£.: and Hh 10(\:
436	1llLli~': are omitted in his
437	translation. In 8851 he renders lliJ': (\V7C: (\H.£.J.l: 17-p': by
438	'il ... y fit reconnaltre la souverainete de l'empereur Zenon '.
439	This is an impossible rendering.
440	If the Ethiopic means
441	anything it is: 'he made the city of' (or 'to belong to ')
442	'the emperor Zeno.'
443	But, as I have shown in the note on
444	p. 115 of my translation, the key to the text is given by
p. 15
445	x
446	INTI~ODUCTION
447	John Mala]as, and the text must be emended accordingly.
448	Of 8880 hov: .eh-l: ~~~: tVrh1-l1U: is given the strange ren-
449	dering of 'pour etre l'executeur fidele de notre autorite'.
450	The words are literally: 'that he might be chosen for our"
451	commands.'
452	But the original form ot the phrase occurs in
453	8882, where Verina declares that she has chosen Leontius
454	emperor 'that he may be solic'itous after every good work '.
455	Hence here ~~~: is to be emended into ~'l~:, and so we have
456	, that he might be solicitous as regards our commands '.
457	In 9031 ~~ii14: h!P'lil11:r: liCIJo 8 fi.: cannot under any circum-
458	stances be rendered 'certaines femmes firent paraitre leurs
459	enfants', but' others (i. e. men) drew forth certain women'.
460	---- It is extraordinary that Zotenberg should make h!P'lil11:r:
461	(feminine) the subject of the transitive verb liCIJo~fi.: (masculine
462	termination) and omit ~~iill: (=' others' (masc.)), which is
463	the real subject of the verb.
464	---~~---~-
465	In 11918 we have an instance of Zotenberg's paraphrasing
466	the text-a thing he does frequently.
467	'Apres la mort de
468	Constantin, fils d'Heraclius, on fit monter sur le trane
469	Heraclius, son frere d'un aut1'e lit.'
470	The italicized phrase
471	is a rendering of h!P'lifrlh, which should be rendered literally
472	'on his father's side '.
473	Heraclius 11 was a half-brother of
474	Constantine, son of Heraclius, by the same father. But' c1'un
475	autre lit' does not express this fact.
476	I will only adduce one more of the many errors in trans-
477	lation. In 12013 we find an astonishing misrendel'ing of the
478	text.
479	' Il fit ouvrir (?) la citerne dans laquelle se trouvait la
480	Sainte-Cl'oix qu'il avait reyue avant son exil du general
481	Jean.' It is true that the query after ouvrir is Zotenberg's.
482	But liOn.£': cannot under any circumstances be rendered by
483	ouvrir. It means' extolled '. As Butler (Arab Conquest, 538 sq.)
484	remarks, Cyrus was here' recounting the story of the Invention
485	of the Cross ... with the Eastern Church the Invention and
486	the Exaltation of the Cross were always celebrated on one and
487	"the same day, September 14.'
488	In his Index, which is admirable in its fullness, there are
489	some errors.
490	Constans 11 is not to be found in 12039 - 45 as
491	appears in his index, though he is there named ' Constantine
492	the younger' (120 45).
493	Constantine (i. e. Constans II), son of
494	\
p. 16
495	INTRODUCTION
496	xi
497	Constantine Ill, though expressly mentioned in 2038,44,45, is
498	not given in the index.
499	Under ' Jean l'Evangeliste' two
500	personalities are confused, i. e. ' John the Fourth Evangelist'
501	and' John the Theologian or Divine', the author of Revelation.
502	Under' Jean (Talala),patriarche d' Alexandrie' lies another
503	error.
504	The John actually mentioned in 9423 had been patri-
505	arch of Alexandria under Tiberius, 578-582 A.D., whereas John
506	Talaia was elected patriarch of Alexandria in 482, and is
507	actually referred to in 8860,61.
508	Maximin is not mentioned
509	in the Index, while Jeroboam, the son of Nebat (935),
510	appears as Roboam. Apparently Zotenberg confuses him with
511	Rehoboam.
512	§ 6.
513	THE PRESENT TRANSLATION.
514	Since John of Nikiu is mei'ely an annalist, who records in
515	the simplest language the facts at his disposal, the present
516	translator has made it his aim to translate the Ethiopic version
517	as literally as possible. In this respect his translation differs
518	greatly from Zotenberg's, which is of the nature of 'a para-
519	phrase, and aims at giving a smooth and rather a literary
520	version of a very rough piece of writing.
521	In the present translation the roughness of the Ethioplc
522	version is reflected.
523	Form has been sacrificed to accuracy.
524	As respects accuracy, owing to the corruptness of the text
525	this has not been achieved to the extent I could wish.
526	Sub-
527	sequent translators will carry forward the identification of
528	corrupt prop~r names, as well as the further emendation of the
529	text.
530	In the translation words enclosed thus ( ) are supplied by
531	the translator, and words enclosed (
532	) are necessary restora-
533	tions; while words enclosed t t are treated as corrupt, and
534	words enclosed [
535	] are regarded as interpolations.
536	Amongst the Greek Chroniclers I ha ve chiefly relied on
537	John Malalas (the Bonn edition), John of Antioch (fragments
538	of whose Chronicle are edited in Muller's Fragmenta His-
539	toricorum GraecorU'rn, iv. 535-622), Chronicon Paschale (ed.
540	Ducange).
541	These were undoubtedly at our author's disposal.
542	But I have found the Church History of Eusebius, as well
p. 17
543	Xll
544	INTHODUCTION
545	as those of Evagrius and Socrates, of great service, and
546	in a slight degree that of Theodoret.
547	The Chronicles of
548	Syncellus (Bonn ed.) and Cedrenus (Bonn ed.) have also been
549	found helpful as preserving more accurate accounts of events
550	recorded in our author.
551	On the later chapters regarding the Mohammedan invasion
552	of Egypt, Butler's work-l
553	1he A1'ab Conquest of Egypt (Oxford
554	University Press, 1902)-is simply indispensable.
555	I
556	·1
p. 18
557	THE CHRONICLE
558	OF
559	JOHN, BISHOP OF NIKIU
560	(PP. 1-14 CONTENTS OF THE CXXII CHAPTERS)
561	IN the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy
562	Spirit, one God.
563	An introduction to this Chronicle with an
564	enumeration of its one hundred and twenty-two chapters.
565	These
566	accounts of the primitive even"ts which are past and gone (the
567	author) has put together from the chronicles of primitive genel'a-
568	tions: i. e. (the events) from Adam to Tiw (= Dido) who reigned
569	over the Greeks and over Africa., and from the time of Romanos
570	(? = Remus) and Romulus, who reigned over Rome, of happy
571	memory, to the end of the reign of the holy Constantine, first
572	Christian emperor of Rome; from the accession of the sons of the
573	great Christian emperor, the Godfearing Constantine, to the end
574	of the Godloving emperor J ovian; and from the accession of
575	Andejas (? Valentinian) to the end of Theodosius, the great and
576	blessed emperor; and from the time of Arcadius and Honorius,
577	the sons of the Godloving emperor Theodosius, to the end of the
578	blessed emperor Anastasins; and from the days of the emperor
579	Justin to the days of the reign of Heraclins (even) to its end; and
580	from the time of Theodore, chief prefect of the province of Egypt,
581	toJ olm, monk of the convent of Sinai, who believed in the faith
582	of the Cha.lcedonians.
583	And furthermore these accounts were put
584	together in (their) completeness by J ohnthe ascetic and Maddabbar,I
585	which is by interpretation, administrator, who was bishop of the
586	town of Nakijus in Egypt, which is called Absai.
587	And these he
588	has put together from more extended histories, and these are (in)
589	1 The text reads' the Madabbar and Ascetic t.
590	The meaning of Mastagaddal
591	is doubtful here: it = d9A."7T~,) in its literal sense, and next in its metaphorical
592	one.
593	n
p. 19
594	1
595	!
596	2
597	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
598	chapters to the number of one hundred and twenty-two, which is
599	(thus) a chronography beginning with t.he generation of primitive
600	men.
601	CHAPTER I. Concerning the names of Adam and Eve and their
602	children and all creatures.
603	CHAPTER 11. Concerning the names of the stars and of the sun
604	and or the moon and the things that are found in the books of
605	the Hebrews.
606	CHAPTER Ill. Concerning those who first began to make ships 1
607	and went upon the sea.
608	CHAPTER IV. Concerning those :who engraved astrolabes from
609	first to last.
610	CHAPTER V. Concerning the beginning of the building of
611	------- Babylon, and those who worship the image of the h01'8e as a godl
612	and the beginning of the chase and the eating of animal food.
613	CHAPTER VI. Concerning those who first eat human flesh, and
614	him who first slew his sons, and likewise him who slew his father.
615	CHAPTER VII. Concerning him who first took his sister and
616	made her (his) wife.
617	CHAPTER VIII. Concerning him who founded the city of Nineveh
618	and who first took his mother and made her (his) wife.
619	CHAPTER IX. Concerning him who first· wrought gold and
620	brought (it) from mines.
621	CHAl'TER X. Concerning him who first made weapons of war.
622	CHAPTER XI. Concerning him who first made a furnace and who
623	married two women.
624	CHAPTER XII. Concerning him who built a city named the City
625	of the Sun.
626	CHAPTER XIII. Concerning him who built two cities, Abusir,
627	the one in upper Egypt, the other in northern Egypt.
628	CHAPTER XIV. Concerning him who built the city of Samnud and
629	Elbarabl, which is the house of idols.
630	CHAPTER XV. Concerning the Greeks, who were the first to
631	proc1aim the glory of the coequal Trinity.
632	CHAPTER XVI. Concerning those who first made a plough in the
633	provinces ot Egypt, and in what condition Egypt was at the first.
634	CHAPTER XVII. Concerning him who first levied taxes on the
635	country of Egypt and measured the land with a reed and made
636	1 I have necessnrily chnnged the order of the text here.
p. 20
637	BISHOP OF NIKIU
638	3
639	the inhabitants give (a return) to the king.
640	And who it was that
641	dug channels in the land for the water to flow in and the canal
642	named Dlk.
643	CHAPTER XVIII. Concerning him who made the waters to
644	disappear and drained the marshes of Egypt) so that they could
645	build cities and villages thereon and plant plantations.
646	CHAPTER XIX. Concerning those who built three temples
647	(? pyramids) in the city of Memphis.
648	CHAPTER XX. Concerning him who first made dyes for garments.
649	CHAPTER XXI. Concerning him who made beautiful statues and
650	worshipped them.
651	And concerning him who founded the cities of
652	Iconium and Tarsus.
653	And who named Assyria Persia, and who
654	planted trees in Egypt, and who was the first to worship the sun
655	~ .. ~_~~_
656	--- and the moon and fire and water.
657	CHAPTER XXII. Concerning him who worshipped the moon
658	only and built an altar to her as a goddess.
659	CHAPTER XXIII. Concerning him who named Libya. And who
660	built Tyre and who named Canaan, and Syria and Cilicia.
661	CHAPTER XXIV. Concerning him who named the cities of
662	Europe and built the city of Gortyna.
663	CHAPT1<JR XXV. Concerning him who first put beams of wood to
664	the feet of men.
665	CHAPTER XXVI. Concerning him who first built an altar to
666	idols and worshipped them.
667	CHL\.PTER XXVII. Concerning Melchizedek the priest, the nature
668	of his descent: and concerning those who built Sido11 and Sion,
669	which is called Sa]em; and the naming of the Jews, that is, the
670	Hebrews.
671	CHAPTER XXVIII. Concerning those who first invented the
672	letters of the Greeks and the teaching of the writing of letters.
673	CHAPT1<JR XXIX. Concerning the deluge in Attica, l and the
674	cause of the long continuance (of the waters) upon it and of its
675	becoming a desert.
676	CHAPTER XXX. Concerning the condition (?) of Pharaoh before
677	Moses and his destruction with his own in the depths of the
678	Red Sea.
679	CHAPTER XXXI. Concerning him who changed the name of the
680	1 Text reads ~b:; corrupt for h 1~~:
681	B2
682	I
683	1
p. 21
684	4
685	THE CHRONICLE OF ,JOHN
686	town of Absai and named it Nakijus, and the cause owing to which
687	the river changed its course from the east and came to be on the
688	west of the city according to the commandment of God.
689	CHAPTER XXXII. Concerning the building of Jerusalem, and
690	the alteration of its name into Nabl6s, and concerning the house
691	of God which was built in it.
692	CHAPTER XXXIII. He who first pursued a handicraft among the
693	ancients.
694	CHAPTElt XXXIV. Concerning him who was the first to find an
695	inscription and communicate it to men: and concerning him who
696	found the teaching and who interpreted the verses which were
697	written on the table of stone.
698	CHAPTER XXXV. Concerning him who established the law of
699	marriage, that men should take to wife young virgins and call
700	them spouses: aud concerning him who was the first to institute
701	the (common) meal.
702	CHAPTER XXXVI. Concerning him who first among the Greeks
703	believed in the Holy Trinity as coequal in one Godhead.
704	CHAPTER. XXXVII. Concerning those who first practised medicine
705	in the world.
706	CHAPTER XXXVIII. Concerning him who first built a bath in
707	the world.
708	CHAPTER XXXIX. Concerning him who first played on the flute
709	and like instruments such as the horn and the trumpet.
710	CHAPTl<jlt XL. Concerning the building of Cyzicum and the cause
711	which led the spirits to confess the unity of the Holy Trinity and
712	announce to all men that God should be born of a virgin.
713	CHAPTER XLI. Concerning him who established the sanctuary
714	of Sosthenium and the building of a church by the command of the
715	Godloving emperor Constantine.
716	CHAPTER XLII. Concerning the nails (of the cross) of our Lord
717	Jesus Christ and the victory which the kings won by thelr means.
718	CHAPTER XLIII. Concerning him who gave their names to the
719	two provinces Acbaia and Laconia.
720	CHAPTER XLIV. Concerning him who named the Peloponnesus 1
721	anu built in it a city called Peloponnesus.2
722	CHAPTER XLV. Concerning him who built }-'arma and Bulldmln.
723	1 The Ethiopic is hopelessly corrupt here; = island of Lfmi'mjfl.
724	2 Ethiopic = Lilbanijfl11.
p. 22
725	BISHOP OF NIKIU
726	5
727	CHAPTER XLVI. Concerning him who first taught playing on
728	instruments of music.
729	CHAPTER XLVII. Concerning him who named the island of
730	Ephesus which is in Asia; formerly it was named Saqalbah, but
731	they changed its name and called it Iconia (sic).
732	CHAPTER XLVIII. Concerning him who built the city which
733	is named Bulmiz (= Palmyra), for 1 in its neighbourhood David
734	conquered the Philistine.
735	CHAPTER XLIX. Concerning the cause of N ebuchadnezzar's
736	conquest of the city of Tyre, which is an island.
737	CHAPTER L. Concerning the Ark of God and the tables and
738	Aaron's rod which budded and the measure of manna and the
739	fragment of hard rocks, and concerning him who hid them from men.
740	CHAPTER LI. Concerning the kingdom of King Cyrus and
741	his sending back the captive children of Israel j and how Cambyses
742	forbade them to build the temple and Yasld the Commander of the
743	Egyptian forces provoked Cambyses and Cambyses 2 slew the
744	Egyptian officers and took away captives, which he had taken
745	from -Egypt, to his own country, and (how) the Egyptians returned
746	a second time to their own land, and (how) after forty and one.
747	years Alexander of Macedon, called the conqueror of the world,
748	became king.
749	CHAPTER LI!. Concerning the building of the city named
750	Lavini.a.3
751	CHAPTER LIlI. Concerning him who was the first to build a
752	house and call it a palace.
753	CHAPTER LlV. Concerning him who built the city named Alba.4
754	CHAPTER LV. Concerning him who built Carthage.
755	CHAPTER LVI. Concerning him who built Rome and the reason
756	they were named Romans: and concerning the origin of the formulas
757	in demanding and decreeing, and the circuit of the courts,5 and
758	how the army went to battle on horseback: and concerning the
759	establishment of a place of combat for women, and the administrative
760	decrees for the army and concerning those who are sent and those
761	1 Or, 'indeed'.
762	2 Transposed to this clause.: it wrongly occurs in the clause, 'which he had
763	taken from Egypt '.
764	3 Text = Lunja.
765	4 Text = Helvln (A, Helvan B).
766	5 So MSS. But I emend ()c)! ... ~ into 0&.£: as in Chap. LVI, and translate
767	'and the courts'.
p. 23
768	! I
769	I
770	l-~-~--------
771	!
772	6
773	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
774	who minister to them; and the reason on account of which onr
775	Fathers the monks of Egypt celebrated the Eucharist on the first
776	day of every month.
777	CHAPTER LVII. Concerning him who invented, as it appears,
778	stamped money, which gave rise to selling and buying.
779	And con-
780	cerning the institution of prefects, magistrates, and judges.
781	CHAPTER L VIII. Concerning him who built the city of
782	Thessalonica.
783	CHAPTER LIX. Concerning him who built the cities of Alexandria
784	and Chrysopolis ot Byzantium, i.e. Alexander.
785	How he conquered
786	Darius and took his daughter captive: and how queen Candace
787	took Alexander prisoner when he came to her with spies (even) the
788	mes~engers whom he had sent to her: and how he made her his wife.
789	CHAPTER LX. Concerning the epoch when the Scriptures inspired
790	by God were translated, and how many translations there were.
791	CHAPTEH, LXI. Concerning him who built Antigonia, and
792	Antioch, and Laodicea and Apamea, cities of renown.
793	CHAPTER LXII. Concerning him who first wrote chronicles and
794	named them.
795	CHAPTER LXIII. Concerning him who persecuted the Maccabeart
796	saints.
797	CHAPTER LXIV. Concerning the birth of Julius Caesar, King of
798	Rome: and the reign of Cleopatra, and the building of a great
799	Church named Caesarion in the city of Alexandria.
800	CHAPTER LXV (LXVI). Concerning him who built Caesarea in
801	Palestine.
802	CHAPTER LXVI (LXVII). Concerning him who built the Pharos
803	of Alexandria and made a channel through the land in order to
804	conduct the canal of Kariun, which is by interpretation' ditch',
805	so that the water came from the great river Gihon to the great
806	city Alexandria.
807	And concerning the passage of the water to the
808	skilfully constructed and deep reservoir.
809	And at what time our
810	Lord Jesus Christ was born in the flesh'/ And why the Romans
811	made their months to begin with the sixth month of the year.
812	CHAPTER LXVII (LXVIII). Concerning him who fixed one of
813	the (changes) 1 on the sixth day of the month rrer.
814	And how Ezra,
815	the holy man, was unjustly rejected.
816	1 Text reads h.!fDC:r·)':, which I emend into hPC£:rt': See Dillmanll,
817	Lex. 169.
p. 24
818	BISHOP OF NIKIU
819	7
820	'CHAPTER LXVIII (LXIX). Concerning the reign of the Emperor
821	in which our Lord Jesus Christ was crucified: and concerning him
822	who built the city Tiberias.
823	CHAPTER LXIX (LXX). Concerning that which befell the
824	-Emperor N ero and his bitter death.
825	CHAPTER LXX (LXXI). Concerning the Emperor Domitian and
826	how lw sent St. John the Evangelist twice into exile, and concern-
827	ing his (St. John's) death: and how he built Domitianopolis, and
828	concerning the grievous death of Domitian, and the abolition of
829	(gladiatorial) combats and the smiting of men.
830	CHAPTER LXXI (LXXII). Concerning the death of Ignatius,
831	clothed (?) with God and the women who became martyrs with him:
832	and the building of a fortress in the Egyptian Babylon.
833	And con-
834	cerning him who named it Babylon and him who made the channel
835	for the canal called by the na;me of Trajan which terminates in
836	the Red Sea, and concerning (him who built) the fortress in
837	Manuf.
838	CHAPTER LXXII (LXXIII). Concerning him who built Antinoe
839	in the province of Rif.
840	CHAPTER LXXIII (LXXIV). Concerning him who established
841	the decree as to fathers that they should make wills in favour of
842	their children: and the construction of two gates in the city of
843	Alexandria in its east and west.
844	CHAPTER LXXIV (LXXV). Concerning him who introduced
845	lions into Egypt and Palestine.
846	CHAPTER LXXV (LXXVI). Concerning him who founded the
847	usage of writing accounts and pledges that a man might be made
848	secure.
849	CHAPTER LXXVI (LXXVII). Concerning the reign of Diocletian
850	the Egyptian and how he lost his reason and was exiled: and which
851	of his sons wrought the evil.
852	And concerning the pestilence which
853	God brought on the idolaters till there were none to bury them.
854	And concerning the reign of the Godloving Constantine and the
855	achievement of the works which he wrought and the magnificence of
856	the churches 1 in his days.
857	And concerning him who was the first
858	to make a qanatra 2, i. e. a bridge.
859	And concerning the finding of
860	1 Zotenberg has rightly restored Orl": here.
861	2 A transliteration of an Arabic word; while the word rendered' bridge';
862	.e:lAJl.~: is Amharic,·though wrongly vocalized.
863	i>
864	i
865	I~
866	1 :
867	I
868	1
p. 25
869	___ -_. __ '._ -.'""'-___ : .. ..;.:.-__._ - -- _c.'_ ," _____ ._
870	8
871	ffHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
872	the cross.
873	And concerning the building of Constantinople and its
874	designation by this name, being called aforetime Byzantium. And
875	concerning the faith of Gelasinus (which was produced) by a wonder
876	which he saw, i.e. the holy baptism, and his marvellous death: and
877	in what way the Indians came to know our Lord Jesus Christ, one
878	God.
879	For the holy Athanasius, the apostolic, was the first to
880	ordain for them a bishop of India and of Yemen.
881	And (how) there
882	had been visible to Constantine all the days of his life an angel of
883	God who awaked him for prayer.
884	CHAPTER LXXVII (LXXVIII). Concerning the building of a
885	gantarah (8ic), i. e. a bridge on the river named Pyramus: and the
886	disaster at Nicaea, and the appearance of the holy cross at midday
887	on Golgotha in the place where our Lord was crucified.
888	And the
889	tribulations which the holy Athanasius, the apostolic, had to endure
890	at the hands of the Arians.
891	And the exile of Liberius and the
892	holy bishops who were with him through the evil devices of the
893	Arians. And moreover concerning the emperor J ulian, the apostate i
894	and how he forsook the orders of the Church and became the general
895	of the army until he acceded to the throne in the place of Gallus
896	his brother: and how he persecuted the holy Athanasius, in order
897	to slay him at the instigation of the heathen. And how Alexandria
898	was deemed worthy to receive the body of St. John the Baptist,
899	that it might dwell there and a magnificent building might bG,
900	constructed for it by the command of the patriarch Theophilus~
901	CHAPTER LXXVIII (LXXIX). Through whom it is we know
902	the city and family 1 of 1'heophilus, the patriarch of Alexandria and
903	the place of the birth of Cyril, his sister's son.
904	CHAPTER LXXIX (LXXX). Concerning the consummation of
905	the death of the holy martyr Domecius: and the vengeance which
906	God brought upon J ulian, the apostate, and how God punished him
907	by the hand of the holy martyr Mercurius and how he died by
908	an evil death.
909	CHAPTER LXXX (LXXXI). Concerning the reign of Jovian and
910	how the Church became glorious: and how the holy Athanasius
911	returned to his throne with great honour: and the Church every-
912	where was conspicuously in the orthodox faith.
913	CHAPTER LXXXI (LXXXII). Concerning the reign of Sallustius
914	(? Valentinian) and his hatred of iniquity and his just and equitable
915	1 The Ethiopic is very irregular here.
p. 26
916	BISHOP OF NIKIU
917	9
918	judgement: and his construction of stone gates, i. e. the Heracleotis,
919	the gates of the great river of Egypt which he had caused to be
920	made with excessive labour.
921	And how the ocean tide rose to
922	Alexandria to such a height that it would have submerged 1 the
923	city had not the holy Athanasius the patriarch checked it by his
924	prayers.
925	CHAPTER LXXXII (LXXXIII). Concerning the reign of the
926	Godloving Theodosius the elder: and the address which he pro-
927	nounced before Amphilochius bishop of Iconium on the unity of the
928	Holy Trinity.
929	And concerning the Council which the emperor
930	convoked in Constantinople: concerning the strengthening of the
931	Churches.
932	And concerning Timothy, patriarch of Alexandria, who
933	admonished Gregory bishop of Nazianzum 2 to leave the city of the
934	emperor Constantine and go to his own city and nominated a man
935	named Maximus patriarch of' Constantinople.
936	And further con-
937	cerning the building of the church of rrheodosius at Alexandria
938	and the church of the holy martyrs Cosmas and Damian and the
939	martyrs their brethren.
940	And concerning the burning by fire of the
941	city of Antioch by the command of the emperor: and the reproof
942	which was sent to him by the holy monk of the desert of Asqeto .
943	on this matter and the grief of the emperor regarding it.
944	And
945	further concerning the wine-merchants and the brothels which
946	were suppressed in his days: and the splendour of his reign III
947	~ll places.
948	CHAPTEl't LXXXIII (LXXXIV). Concerning the accession of
949	the emperors Arcadius and Honorius: and Arcadius was over
950	Constantinople and Honorius over Rome. And concerning Arcadius'
951	love of God and the devotion of Honorius.
952	And concerning the
953	revolt which Alaric raised in the city of Rome. And how the sister
954	of the emperor Honorins was taken prisoner by him.
955	And the
956	plundering of all the treasures of the palace.
957	And further how
958	Honorius quitted Rome and went to . Constantinople and became
959	the colleague of the emperor Theodosius the younger, the son of
960	his brother Arcadius, till the day of his death.
961	And further con-
962	cerning the empress Eudocia, the consort of the emperor Theodosius
963	the younger-her family, and how the emperor made an alliance
964	1 Here we must emend it.~»>!fD: CB) into ~llT!fD:
965	2 'l'he Ethiopic .fiC~a.ll: is owing to a faulty transcription of the Arabic,
966	as Zotenberg points out.
p. 27
967	i !
968	I~~-' --
969	I
970	•
971	10
972	rrHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
973	with her and took her to wife.
974	And at what time they inscribed
975	the name of St. John Chrysostom in the diptychs, after he had
976	gone to onr Lord.
977	And concerning the anathema of N estol'ius and
978	the victory of Cyril.
979	And further concerning a heathen woman of
980	Alexandria and the tumults which she caused between the Jews antI
981	Christians in Alexandria.
982	And how the holy Cyril took the
983	Synagogue of the Jews and made it a church in consequence of
984	his controversy with the Jews. And how they dragged the heathen
985	woman through the streets till she died.
986	And how they burned
987	her body with fire by the command of the patriarch, Abba Cyril.
988	CHAPTER LXXXIV (LXXXV). Concerning the massacre made by
989	the Jews in Qimitd: concerning the mockery they practised against
990	the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, when in mockery they crucified
991	a young infant and put it to death .
992	CHAPTER LXXXV (LXXXVI). Concerning Finkeser the Jew
993	who presented himself to the Jews saying, I am Moses the chief of
994	the prophets.
995	CHAPTER LXXXVI (LXXXVII). Concerning the apple which
996	they brought as a present to the emperor Theodosius and the
997	appointment of his sister Pulcheria: and the darkness which
998	prevailed over all the earth from morning to evening on the day
999	that J\iarcian the schismatic became emperor.
1000	CHAPTER LXXXVII (LXXXVIII). Concerning the occasion
1001	when the heaven rained diran, i. e. the lightnings on Constantinople,
1002	and the fire flamed from sea to sea: and the conversion of the
1003	heathen philosopher Isocasius to the orthodox faith.
1004	And from
1005	what place came the patriarch Timotheus.
1006	And concerning the
1007	terrible pestilence which prevailed in Constantinople: and the faU
1008	of the mountain in S yri~1 and the apostasy of Basiliscus after the
1009	manner of the Chalcedonians for corruptible goods.
1010	And con-
1011	cerning the reign of the emperor Zenon over the imperial city of
1012	Constantinople, and the banishment of Basiliscns for life, and the
1013	death which was inflicted on the judges because of their negligence
1014	in the administration of justice.
1015	And concerning the reign of
1016	Zenon and his command that the letter should be read in every
1017	place.
1018	And concerning Veril1a his mother-in-law and her warring
1019	against him till death overtook her and her adherents.
1020	CUAPTElt LXXXVIII (LXXXIX). Concerning the reign of
1021	Godloving Anastasius in consequence of the prophecy of Abba
1022	/
p. 28
1023	"
1024	I
1025	BISHOP OF NIKIU
1026	11
1027	Jeremiah, an anchorite of the convent of Manuf: and the building
1028	of the stone gates of ElmClwrad and a trench in order to make
1029	a gi'eat bridge which should start from Babylon and terminate
1030	with the river.
1031	And concerning the naming of Pbilaletes, and
1032	the victory of the great patriarch Severus, and the banishment of
1033	Macedonius and the abrogation of the Chalcedonian Council.
1034	CHAPTER LXXXIX (XC). Concerning the banishment of the
1035	holy Severus from his throne in Antioch through the instrumentality
1036	of heretics, and the prayer which he made to God on behalf of the
1037	inhabitants of Constantinople regarding the evil that the emperor
1038	J ustin had wrought; and the admonition which he heard from God.
1039	And concerning the fire which raged in Antioch and in the cities of
1040	the East: and the destruction of many oratories of the Martyrs,
1041	and all kinds of marvels which befell.
1042	And concerning the baptism
1043	of the people of the Arians (?) ,and the kings of India and the
1044	Elmarits, that is, the N ubians.
1045	And of what religion they had
1046	been formerly.
1047	And concerning the earthquake in Egypt: and
1048	the Huns 1 (?) without the city.
1049	And the Indians, that is the
1050	Elmah:urids, were formerly Jews.
1051	CHAPTER XC (XCI). Concerning the manifestation of the towel
1052	and mandll of our Lord Jesus Christ: they were found in the
1053	house of a Jew who lived in Alexandria.
1054	CHAPTER XCI (XCII). Concerning the reason of us Christians
1055	being named after the name of Theodosius, and the appearance of
1056	the Athena.wjan and their doctrine.
1057	And concerning that which
1058	the chief officials published in the market-places that there should.
1059	be a memorial with them till all who wished might take.
1060	CHAPTER XCII (XCIII). Concerning the primitive building of
1061	the city of Rome.
1062	CHAPTER XCIII (XCIV). The tumults which took place in the
1063	city of Constantinople concerning the holy body of our Lord and
1064	Saviour Jesus Christ.
1065	CHAPTER XCIV (XCV). Regarding Aristomachus the son of
1066	Theodosius of the city of Absai and the accusation which they
1067	brought against him (before) the emperor, so that he was put in
1068	bonds.
1069	And how Ch08roes the King of the Persians believed and
1070	became a Christian.
1071	CHAPTER XCV (XCVI). Concerning Galanduh, a woman of
1072	1 Text wholly corrupt.
1073	I have adopted Zotenberg's suggestion.
p. 29
1074	12
1075	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
1076	patrician rank-the name of a dignity-and the vision which she
1077	clearly saw in prison during her exile.
1078	CHAPTER XCVI (XCVII). Concerning those who were in a
1079	corner of a dwelling in t,he city of 1\t{ausal: and concerning the
1080	animal which appeared in the likeness of a woman in the river
1081	of Egypt.
1082	CHAPTER XCVII (XCVIII). Concerning Paulinus the magician
1083	who sacrificed to demons in a silver bowl.
1084	CHAPTER XCVIII (XCIX). Concerning him who first wrote' In
1085	the name of our Lord Jesus Christ'.
1086	CHAPTER XCIX (C). Concerning the flood that covered the city
1087	of Antinous and of Tarsus, the capital of Cilicia, in the same night.
1088	CHAPTER C (Cl). Concerning the setting of the sun at midday,
1089	and the appearance of stars and a great earthquake.
1090	CHAPTER C~ (CII). Concerning Surikus the prefect who practised
1091	piety and the death which overtook him, and how the inhabitants
1092	of Constantinople chased the emperor Maurice.
1093	CHAPTER CII (CIII). How the captains of vessels were dis-
1094	charged of responsibility when their cargo was lost at sea.
1095	And
1096	concerning the reign of Phocas and his murders.
1097	CHAPTER CIII (CIV). How it was forbidden to appoint a
1098	Patriarch or any other Church dignitary without the consent of
1099	Phocas: and concerning the action or the people of the East and
1100	of Palestine in this matter so that the tombs (?) 1 of the churches
1101	were' filled with blood when the people took refuge in the
1102	baptisteries.
1103	CHAPTER CIV (CV). Concerning Theophilus of the city of
1104	Maurad: and the massacre which Phocas carried out because of
1105	his death in Antioch and Palestine.
1106	CHAPTER CV (CVI). Concerning the wife of Heraclius the elder
1107	and the wife of Heraclius the younger and Fabia 2 her daughter,
1108	. a virgin: and how Crispus the magistrate saved them from the
1109	impure attempts of Phocas.
1110	CHAPTER CVI (CVIl). Concerning the tnmults which were
1111	raised against Phocas in ltgypt, in :M:areotis and the city of
1112	Alexandria, and the great massacres which were made in connexion
1113	with this matter.
1114	And how they cast his statue to the ground.
1115	1 Lit. 'cisterns' (or, 'wells ') , of the sepulchres'.
1116	2 Text quite corrupt = Anlej{l.
p. 30
1117	BISHOP OF NIKIU
1118	13
1119	CHAPTER CVII (CVIII). Concerning Theophilus the Stylite
1120	and his prophecy to Nicetas 1: (Thou wilt conquer him and the
1121	kingdom of Phocas will speedily be destroyed and then Heraclius
1122	will reign.'
1123	CHAPTER CVIII (CIX). Concerning the bridge which was in
1124	the city of Dafa.sher near the church of St. Minas.
1125	CHAPTER CIX (CX). Concerning the death of Phocas and the
1126	dispersion of the treasures of the palace: and the chastisement' which
1127	Heraclius inflicted on Phocas because of the outrage he had done
1128	to his wife and daughter.
1129	CHAP'fER CX (CXI). Concerning the appearance of the Moslem
1130	on the confines of Fljum and the defeat of the Romans who
1131	dwelt there.
1132	CHAPTER CXI (CXII). Concerning the nrst encounter of <Amar
1133	with the Romans at the city of <Awn (i. e. Heliopolis).
1134	CHAPTER CXII (CXIII). How all the Jews assembled in the
1135	city of ManUf owing to their fear of the Moslem, the cruelties
1136	of (Amar and the seizure of their possessions till (at last) they left
1137	the gates of Misr open and fled to Alexandria.
1138	And how wicked
1139	men multiplied in the beginning of wickedness and began to help
1140	rAmar) to destroy the people of Egypt.
1141	CHAPTER CXIII (CXIV). How the people of Samnud so flouted
1142	cArnal' as to refuse to receive him: and concerning the 'return of
1143	Kaladi to the Romans: and how they seized his mother and his
1144	wife-now he had hidden them in Alexandria-because he had
1145	joined and helped the Moslem.
1146	CHAPTER CXIV (CXV). How the Moslem took lYlisr in the
1147	fourteenth year of the cycle and made the fortress of Babylon
1148	open its gates in the n£teenth year.
1149	CHAPTER CXV (CXVI). Concerning the death of the emperor
1150	Heraclius and the return of C yrus the Patriarch from exile and his
1151	departure for Mesr to pay tribute to the Moslem.
1152	CHAPTER CXVI (CXVII).
1153	How God gave the Romans into
1154	the hands of the Moslem and rejected them because of their
1155	incredulity and their divisions and the persecution which they had
1156	brought on the Christians of Egypt.
1157	CHAPTER CXVII (CXVIII). How (Amar got possession of
1158	1 Text (= Yeftatas) corrupt owing to a faulty transcription of a faulty
1159	Arabic form.
1160	;1
p. 31
1161	14
1162	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
1163	Absadi, that is, Niq\'jus: and (concerning) the flight of the general
1164	Domitian and the destruction of his army in the river, and the
1165	great massacre which took place in the city of Absadf, and in all
1166	the remaining cities-till (Amar came to the island of Sawn3.-
1167	which were under the sway of Absai and its island on the eighteenth
1168	day of the month Genbot, in the fifteenth year of the cycle.
1169	CHAPTER CXVIII. How the Moslem got possession of Caesarea
1170	in Palestine and the trials that overtook it.
1171	CHAPTER CXIX. Concerning the great earthquake and the loss
1172	of life in Crete both in their island and in all their cities round
1173	about.
1174	CHAPTER CXX. Concerning Cyrus the Patriarch of the Chalce-
1175	donians-the same who went to Babylon and to (Amar the chief
1176	of the :Moslem and took the tribute in a vessel and paid it into
1177	his hands.
1178	And further how (Amar increased the taxes of the
1179	Egyptians: and concerning the death of Cyrus the Chalcedonian
1180	after he had repented of having delivered the city of Alexandria
1181	into the hands of the :l\{oslem.
1182	CHAPTER CXXI. Concerning the return of Abba Benjamin the
1183	patriarch of Egypt from his exile in the city of Rif (where he had
1184	been) fourteen years, and of these (he had been there) ten years
1185	because the Roman emperors had exiled him, and foul' under the
1186	dominion of the Moslem.
1187	And concerning the remaining history
1188	with the cone1usion of the work.
1189	CHAPTER CXXII.. A second epilogue concluding this history.
p. 32
1190	I •. I
1191	BISHOP OF NIKl:U
1192	15
1193	IN THE NAME OF GOD MERCIFUL AND GRACIOUS
1194	THE holy father,! John bishop of Nikiu,2 who put this work
1195	together, said: '0 thou that hast loved toil till thou hast acquired
1196	the love of goouness, till the love of toil, which is pain,3 giveth
1197	increase to all 'the good qualities which every zealous man covets,
1198	and for the sake of all the good qualities which constitute the
1199	eternal wisdom belonging to t.he Omnipotent and Lord of all j for
1200	He hath reserved it for those who come after them, that they may
1201	accomplish what they have chosen.'
1202	For this task, moreover, I am
1203	wanting in eloquence beyond 4 all authors and feeble in discourse,
1204	t.hough with many a testing I have tested the chosen portions.
1205	We will begin to compose this work from many ancient books,
1206	which deal with the (various) periods and the historical events,
1207	which we have witnessed also in the times to which we have come.
1208	And I have been honest (in this work) in order to recount and
1209	leave a noble memorial to the lovers of virtue in this present life.
1210	And we have left this narrative which is written in good order and
1211	in an exalted translation. Yea it is exalted beyond everything that
1212	has been by the interpretation of the translator, so that those who
1213	find it may not be without past and present gain, without portion
1214	or inheritance.
1215	CHAPTER I. We will begin with the first beings that were
1216	created j for it is written concerning Adam anu Eve, that it was
1217	God who named them, but as for his children and all created thinO's
1218	b
1219	it was Adam that named them all.
1220	1 Zotenberg does not attempt to translate this introduction, owing to certain
1221	obscurities and phrases the sense of which' escapes' him' completely'.
1222	I have
1223	only found it necessary to make one or two slight changes.
1224	2 This city was called Pshati by the Egyptians.
1225	ChampolIion (H. 164) identi-
1226	fies it with the ancient Prosopis.
1227	Next Pshati appeared in Arabic as Abshadi.
1228	This form is reproduced, somewhat slightly changed, as Absai or Absadi in our
1229	text. In Greek the form was Nlldov.
1230	Bury calls my attention to Strabo, xvii.
1231	1. 14 NlIdov ICWP-1'/: O.xyrhynchus Papyri, ix, no. 1219, p.262 Eis T~V NftICIOV (tllird
1232	cent.A.D.): Hierocles, Synecdemus (ed. Burckhardt, p. 44), NIICLOV (sixth cent. A.D,).
1233	In the Itinera?'ium Antonini 155 it appears as Nikiu (or Nicia or Nicium). In Arabic
1234	it was spelt Naqius or Niqius. For details on this important city see Champollion,
1235	L' E'yypte sous les Pharaons, ii. 162-71; Quatremere, Sur l' Egypte, i. 423-30.
1236	S I have omitted w.f!.'h"i::
1237	4 Text reads OIfhWt: H'''''(l1><: 7 corrupt for h 'P'H'",,(l1><:
1238	This idiom recurs
1239	eight lines later.
1240	, ,
1241	i :j
1242	: :'
1243	j!
1244	I
1245	11
1246	':·1
1247	I,
1248	:;
1249	!
1250	1I
1251	·Il !
1252	I:
1253	11
1254	jf
1255	I
p. 33
1256	16
1257	THE CHRONICJ.JE OJ? JOHN
1258	n. I
1259	CHAPTER 11. 1. And Seth, the son of Adam, who received wisdom
1260	from God, named five planets 1: the first Cronus; the second Zeus;
1261	the third Ares j the fourth Aphrodite; the fifth Hermes.
1262	2. And
1263	on a different ground he named the sun and the moon.
1264	And the
1265	number of the planets was seven. 3. And, moreover, he was the first
1266	to write letters in the language of the Hebrews j for he had
1267	received wisdom from God: a,nd he composed history in it in the
1268	times of the giants.
1269	And, moreover, he said that Ovid a wise man
1270	of the heathen and Plutarch wrote about them after the deluge.2
1271	CHAPTER Ill. rrhe sons of N oah were great and strong, (and)
1272	they began to build ships 3 and to go upon the sea.
1273	CHAPTER IV. 1. It is told regarding Cainan,4 the son of Arphaxad,
1274	who was sprung from Shem, the son of N oah, that he was a wise
1275	man and a shepherd.
1276	2. He was the first to compose t astrolabes t
1277	(read (astronomy') after the deluge.
1278	CHAPTER V. 1. And after him the Indians composed (it),5 and
1279	there was a man from India, named Qanturjus,6 an Ethiopian of the
1280	1 Cf. John of Antioch (Muller, Fragmenta Historicorum Graee. iv. 540) : U oE v16~
1281	~1)f1 fix" uocpEall a7To 9"ov, /{a~ ••• g9TJIC"" oll6p.aTa ••• TOts 7TfllTE 7TAall"'Tat~ ••• /(a~ T611
1282	7TPWTOV 7T'Aall"'TT]V €ICaAEUE Kp6110ll, T611 (/3') Z~IIa, T611 "/' "Apm, T611 l)' 'A</>POl)[TTJII, T611 ,,'
1283	<Epp.~II· TOV~ M /3' CPWUTijpa~ TOV> p.eyaAov> aUT6> U 9,,6> €/(aAEu,,".
1284	'0 aUra> oE
1285	~1)9
1286	"ope • • . Ta 'E/3pai'ICa 'Ypap.p.aTa.
1287	Cf. also Cramer, Anec. Graee. Paris. ii. 242:
1288	Kronos . •. Zeus, &c.
1289	These words are represented in the text by Zul).al, Mashtarl,
1290	Marik, Zehra, 'Atard, which are Ethiopic transliterations of the Arabic names
1291	of these planets: J», lS....J~"', t~:r' ~~, .)}\hc.
1292	2 And he composed . •• delttge.
1293	Though Zotenberg abandons the attempt of
1294	translating these words as he fails to understand them, he very unwisely
1295	emends the text and wrongly. My translation follows the manuscripts and not
1296	t.he text here. liw· .. e:f"i'l: (so AB: wrongly emended in text) here is clearly
1297	= 'O/3[CLO~ and .fill-.£11i'l: = n'AoVTapxo~.
1298	Thus our text agrees closely with
1299	John of Antioch, loco cit. : OUTW T~II [uToplall UVIIE'YpO.1jJaTo 'O/3il)LOS, aA'79~uTfpOIl l)~
1300	ftrrEII 0 Xa!pWIIEV~ n'AoVTapxo~. After the word' Plutarch' in the text the word
1301	R'w,i'l: (=' weakened ') occurs. This I have omitted in the translation. We
1302	are to follow B here, and read Rthb'!CJD-:, and not to follow A as in the text.
1303	3 Began to build ships.
1304	Cf. John of Antioch, iv. 541 7TPWTOt hroETJuall 7TAOta.
1305	4 Oainan, &c.
1306	Cf. J oIm of Antioch, iv. 541; Syncellus, i. 150.
1307	For (astrolabes'
1308	in the text we should read' astronomy', as Zotenberg has already pointed out.
1309	Cf. John of Antioch's statement: Kai'IIall,OUTLS p.ETll Tall ICaTalCAvup.oll uUlleypO.ifaTo
1310	TTjII QUTpollop.lall.
1311	5 And after . •. composed it.
1312	These words, which appear at the close of IV,
1313	I have placed here.
1314	G Qanltl.1jus, i. e. Gandub{lrius or Andubarius.
1315	Cf. Cramer, op. cit. ii. 234 ~II
1316	o~ TO~ al'WTfpW xp611ot> ... dllECPVfL Tt') 'IIIl)o') uocpo> all~p dUTpOll6p.o>, oll6p.an ralloov-
1317	/3apLO>, (JUT!> UUI'E'YpaifaTo ,"PWTO') aUTpollopEall 'IIIl)ol'): also OMon. raseh. 36, where
p. 34
1318	VIL
1319	BISHOP OF NIKIU
1320	17
1321	race of Ham, who was named Cush.
1322	2. He begat Afnld, 1. e.
1323	Nimrod, the giant.
1324	He it was that built the city of Babylon.
1325	3. And the Persians served him and worshipped him as a god, and
1326	named him after the name of the stars of heaven and called him
1327	Orion,l that is, Dabarah.
1328	4. And he was the first to Inmt 2 and
1329	eat the flesh of animais.
1330	CHAPTER VI.
1331	1. Cronus, moreover, was a giant of the race of
1332	Shem,
1333	3 the firstborn of N oah, who was thus named after the name of
1334	the first planet, which is Cronus. 2. t And his son, named Domjos, t 4
1335	was a warrior, a redoubtable man and a slayer (of men).
1336	3. He
1337	was the first to rule over Persia and Assyria: and he married an
1338	Assyrian woman, named Rhea, and she bare him two sons, Picus
1339	whom they named Zeus,5 and Ninus, who built a royal city in
1340	Assyria, i. e. Nineveh.
1341	4. And Cronus left his son in his kingdom
1342	and went to the west and ruled over the people (there) as they had
1343	no king.
1344	5. And Pie us his son, who was named Zeus, rebelled
1345	against Cronns his father and slew him, because he had devoured
1346	his children.
1347	CHAPTElt VII. 1. And he made pregnant the daughter of t N1kst
1348	his mother, who was named Rhea.
1349	And Picus, moreover, that is)
1350	the name is 'Avliou/3aplos.
1351	'Av~p TIS 'Ivo(}, o.vfq>av17 uOq>os o.UTPOVOp.os, bvop.aTl 'Avliou.
1352	/3apIOS, as /(at uuvf-ypaif;aTo 1TP.WTOS 'Ivlioi's o.UTpovop.Lav.
1353	'E'Yfvv~(}17 OE /(a~ aJ...Aos he TryS
1354	q>uJ...7js TOU '5.~p., XI)t.s bv6p..aTl, Q Al(}[oif;, OUTt~ ErEVVYJUfV TOV Nf/3p&O.
1355	Andubarius and
1356	Cnsh are distinct persons, but have been fused together in the present work.
1357	1 Called him Orion.
1358	So John of Antioch, iv. 541; Chron. Pasch. 36.
1359	Dabarah is
1360	an Ethiopic transcription of the Arabic word for Orion.
1361	2 FiT'st to hunt, &c.
1362	Cf. Chron. Pasch. 36; .r ohn of Ant. iv. 541.
1363	S Shem.
1364	The manuscripts read' Ham " but the fact that the person spoken
1365	of i1:l defined by the subsequent words' the nrstbom of Noah', and that all the
1366	Greek chronogl'aphers, so far as I can discover, describe Cronus as a descendant
1367	of Shem, shows that the text ·is corrupt. The corruption, too, is clearly native
1368	to our text.
1369	Thus fb!fD: was corrupted into ~!fD:
1370	4 tHis son, named Domjost. As Domjos was the father (?) of Cronus, the text is
1371	corrupt; for even a few lines later the son of Cronns is Picus, and not Domnus
1372	(Aop.vos).
1373	Hence m/AJ;..: HlICID': may be a corruption of lICID: m'l~f}: =
1374	'His father's name was Domnus '. The remaining words of this sentence would
1375	then belong to Cronus. In Cramer, op. dt., iv. 234, Cronus and Domnus are
1376	identified according to the present text: aVfq>av1J av(}poJTTOS ••• bvup.aTl 1{povos,
1377	€7rl/(J...17(hLs UTrO TOU /liLOU rraTpos Aop.vos.
1378	11 Zeus.
1379	In manuscripts t.lIl:, which is due to faulty transcription of the
1380	Arabic U"')~, as Zotenberg has shown. For the still stranger Ethiopic trans-
1381	literations of this name in the next ten lines I have accepted his explanation
1382	also.
p. 35
1383	\
1384	1
1385	I !
1386	'I
1387	18
1388	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
1389	VII. :I
1390	Zeus, was the first to take his sister to wife.
1391	2. And he begat by
1392	her a son named Belns, WllO resembled his grandfather Cronus.
1393	3. And this Belus ruled in Assyria after the disappearance 1 of his
1394	father and his grandfather Cronus. 4. And him also after his death
1395	the Persians worshipped with the gods.
1396	CHAPTlm VIII. 1. And after the death of Belus, Ninns his father's
1397	brother reigned over Assyria. 2. He married Semiramis his mother
1398	and made her his wife, and established this impure custom and
1399	transmitted it to his successors: and they arc t designated by this
1400	evil name t 2 till the present day.
1401	3. This conduct does not create
1402	a scandal amongst the Persians j for they take to wife their mothers
1403	and sisters and daugh ters.
1404	CHAPTER IX. 1. After the death of Picus, Faunus, caned
1405	Hermes, ruled jn the west for thirty-five years. 2. And he became
1406	a silversmith.
1407	He was the first to begin to work in gold 3 in the
1408	west, and to smelt it.
1409	3. And when he learnt that his brothers
1410	were envious of him and wished to slay him, he became afraid and
1411	fled to Egypt, taking with him a great quantity of gold.
1412	4. And
1413	he dwelt in ]~gypt and clothed himself in a beautiful robe of gold.
1414	5. And furthermore he became a diviner, for he declared everything
1415	before it came to pass, and he gave to people money in abundance
1416	and he gave gifts in abundance to the people of Egypt.
1417	6. And
1418	for this reason they received him with honour and called him' the
1419	Lord of gold'.
1420	And he was honoured by them as a god.
1421	And
1422	the poor worshipped him.
1423	CHAPTER X. 1. And there was a man named Hephaestus.
1424	He
1425	ruled over Egypt: and they made him a god. And he was warlike
1426	and full of fury.4
1427	2. And men believed that he investigated
1428	hidden things and received weapons of war from the non-existent j 5
1429	1 Text reads 'appearance': we must, therefore, add ii. before t.h~: Cf.
1430	Chrun. Pasch. 3G dcpav~<; EIC T7]<; -;Evpta<; 'YEvop.evo<;.
1431	2 Corrupt.
1432	3 He H;({S the ji.1"st to begin to work in gold.
1433	The other chronographers give the
1434	sense differently, and 110 doubt rightly.
1435	.Tohn of Antioch, op. cit., iv. 542
1436	E</,Eupe T~ J.I.~TaAAOII TU XPViJOUV EV TV IhJO'EL TrPWTO<;, /(a~ TU XWVEVELV: CMon. Pasch. 44.
1437	4 TVm'like and full of/1O"1/.
1438	Cf. John of Antioch, op. cit., iv. 543 1rOAfP.((JT~> /(a~
1439	P.VO'TLICO<; (p.aIlTlIco<; in Cramcr, op. cit., iv. 237).
1440	5 He inresligatecl hidden things and receired weapons oj war from the non-existent. The
1441	original sense is, no doubt, that given in the Chron. Pasch. 45 UTTO P.VO'TL/(7]<; TI1IO,
1442	fuX1j<; r.qv utvAu/3r)V EOf(aro (IC TOU dfpo<; Ei, TO ICuruO'I(Eva(Hv El( (JlO~pOV oTTAa. Similarly
1443	John of Antjoch.
p. 36
1444	I
1445	\
1446	XV. r
1447	BISHOP OF NIKIU
1448	19
1449	for he was an ironsmith and was the first to make weapons of war
1450	to fight with in time of war and stones wherewith men contended.1
1451	3. Now he was lame j (for) when going to war he fe1l from (his)
1452	horse and was injured and was lame all his days.
1453	CHAPTER XI. 1. And Metbuselah begat Lamech, and Lamech
1454	married two wives.
1455	The name of the one was Ada and the
1456	name of the other was Zillah.
1457	2. Anu Ada bare Qftoei and after
1458	some time she bare Tabel who wielded the hammer in working
1459	brass and iron.
1460	3. And Tubel the son of Lamech was a brass and
1461	iron smith before the deluge j for he had received wisdom from
1462	God-Praise be to Him.
1463	CHAPTER XII. 1. And after'Hephaestus) who was named the Sun)
1464	there reigned in Egypt his son who was named the Sun after his
1465	father)s name.
1466	2. It was he who built the city of the Sun after
1467	his own name, and in it there were temples of. the supreme gods
1468	and likewise the bodies of kings.
1469	e
1470	CHAPTER XIII. 1. And there was a man named MatCmavls who
1471	succeeded Aiqasberu which name is by interpretation Dionysus.!!
1472	2. He built a city in upper Egypt, named Busir, and another Busir
1473	in the north of Egypt.
1474	CHAPTER XIV~ Osiris, which is by interpretation Apollo, being
1475	so named by the Greeks, built the city of Samnud and (in it)
1476	a temple of the supreme gods.
1477	And this is the city which is called
1478	Bab\~l Fegar.
1479	CHAl)TER XV. 1. In the writings of the Egyptian sages 'Abratus a
1480	is mentioned ... at that time. (i. e.) he who was Hermes, a man of
1481	extraordinary judgement) through whom they declared a.mong the
1482	1 In time of war • •. contended.
1483	This clause is corrupt. The original sense is
1484	that of John of Antioch: 1TPO 'Yap aUTo;; l)Orro.1I.ol'> ICal J\.toOlS Erro1l.l[(OUII.
1485	So also
1486	CMon. Pasch., and Cramer, op. cit.
1487	2 Zotenberg conjectures that this chapter is an inaccurate resume of a passage
1488	in Diodorus Siculus (i. 17, 18) reproduced in Eusebius (Praej. Evang. ii. 1),
1489	containing an Egyptian myth to the effect that Osiris, whom some identified
1490	with Dionysus (Kat TOV [(Ell "OalplII Elllat TOil ll.1 611VrTOII) , had, in his journeyings
1491	through the world with his brother Apollo and his sons Anubis and Macedo
1492	(i. e. the corrupt Matunavis in our text), given the government of Phoenicia to
1493	Busirus and that of Ethiopia and Libya to Antaells.
1494	:I ' Abni~us. \Vho this is is difficult to determine, the word being so corrupt.
1495	The passage in the Chron. Pasch. 47 runs: ~II TOI'> XP{WOIS .•• '2;f(lWaTpWs ~II 'Ep[(~,>
1496	o TPIr1[(E'YlaTos, U AlyvrrTlos a,,~p f/JO{3fPV'> Ell (JOf/Jlf/.
1497	'Abnitus may thus be Sostris or
1498	even a mutilated form of TpL (J[(hl (JTOS.
1499	Zotenberg suggests that it is for
1500	Herodotus.
1501	c 2
p. 37
1502	20
1503	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
1504	xv. :2
1505	heathen saying: 'There are three supreme powers that have created
1506	all things, (but only) one divinity.' 2. And this same Hermes, who
1507	was a great sage a.mong the heathen, declared, saying: 'The
1508	~1:ajesty of the holy coequal 'rrinity is the Giver of life and King
1509	over all things.'
1510	.
1511	CHAPTER XVI. 1. And there was a certain city that was the first
1512	to learn the use of the plough (and) the sowing of seeds and all
1513	kinds of grain.
1514	2. It was the most elevated city in Egypt; for
1515	the land of Egypt is full of waters and lakes owing to the abundance
1516	of water in the river Gihon.
1517	CHAPTER XVII. 1. And Sesostris, who ruled over an the land of
1518	J~gypt n,nd the adjoining countries, was the first; to levy taxes and
1519	to measure the land..
1520	2. And when he had gathered together much
1521	booty and many captives from all countries, thereupon [gathering
1522	them together] he brought them to the land of Egypt: and all the
1523	souls over whom authority was given to levy taxes he made to dig
1524	channels in the land. and to fill up all the waters of Egypt with
1525	earth.
1526	3. And owing to this measure the Egyptians were enabled
1527	to plant plantations and plough arable lands like those of Sa"id,
1528	which was the first province to learn the art of ploughing.
1529	4. And
1530	hesides he commanded (the people) to pay taxes and a proportionate
1531	return of the products of the earth to the king.
1532	5. And he dug
1533	the canal which is called Dik unto this day'!
1534	CHAPTER XVIII.
1535	1. And after him Sabacon, king of India,
1536	reigned over the country of Egypt fifty years.
1537	2. And he was a
1538	lover of his kind and. was averse to shedding blood unjustly.
1539	And.
1540	he established a Jaw in Egypt to this effect, that no criminal should
1541	be put to death or torture j but should be permitted to live: and
1542	every criminal according to his crime he ordered to purify the earth
1543	and to collect soil together and cast it upon the morasses (lit. river
1544	or sea).
1545	3. And when they had been long engaged in these forced
1546	labours) the waters of the river retired from the land, and (the
1547	inhabitants) made their towns higher through fear of being
1548	inundated by the waters.
1549	4·. And previously indeed in the days of
1550	Sesostris there had been inundations before that they had dug
1551	channels in the land for the river.
1552	And yet, notwithstanding an
1553	they did in casting earth into the marshes, they failed to realize
1554	their purpose because of the great quantity of water brought down
1555	1 Cr. Herod. ii. 108-9; Diodol'llS Sicnllls, i. 5G-7.
1556	I
1557	I
p. 38
1558	XXI. I
1559	BISHOP OP NIKIU
1560	21
1561	by the river.
1562	5. And Sabacon, king of India, in the vigilance of
1563	his affection had dwellings made for the people on the heights.!
1564	CHAPTER XIX. 1. And there was a man named Rampsinitus,2 the
1565	Pharaoh who reigned over Egypt.
1566	2. He (i. e. Cheops) closed
1567	the temples of the gods and the other idols which the Egyptians
1568	worshipped: and they sacrificed to demons.
1569	And he built three
1570	. temples (i. e. pyramids) in the city of Memphis and made the
1571	Egyptians worship the Sun.
1572	3. And he paid the builders 16,000
1573	talents of silver besides leeks and vegetables; for so it was found
1574	written in the inscriptions in the Egyptian language, which were
1575	engraved on a stone wall and made known these facts to such as
1576	i'ead (them).
1577	4. And he paid away an the taxes and exhausted the
1578	royal treasuries owing to the multitude of builders-and yet to no
1579	good purpose.
1580	5. 11"01' when he fell into great poverty and want
1581	he was sore troubled: he had a daughter of beau,tiful form (who)
1582	was stirred up by the practices and foul seductions of Satan, and
1583	he placed her in the quarter of the debauchees: and she dwelt there
1584	in obscurity and sorrow and became a prostitute.
1585	6. And such as
1586	wished to lie with her had to carry one of the great stones and add
1587	it to the structure. 7. And the stone so carried measured, it is said,
1588	not less than thirty feet, i. e. twenty cubits.
1589	(So they did) until
1590	they had built one of the three pyramids by means of the shameful
1591	lust of this wretched girl.
1592	.
1593	CHAPTER XX. 1. Heracles, a philosopher of the city of Tyre,
1594	discovered the art of making silk 3 and clothed himself (with it).
1595	2. And Phoenix, king of rryre, the Canaanite, and all the kings of
1596	all countries, as well as his successors, did likewise and so became
1597	conspicuously distinguished from the multitude.
1598	3. Now the
1599	clothing of the ancients was of wool, but the h:ings and chief rulers
1600	abandoned such clothing and clad themselves in silk.
1601	CHAPTER XXI. 1. And there was a man named Perseus.4
1602	He
1603	aspired to the throne of Assyria; but the sons of Ninus, the brothel'.
1604	1 Cf. Herod. ii. 137; Diod. Sic. i. 65.
1605	2 Here. ~/i(JJ·l~~li: is an internal corruption for (./i!P'{L.lrnli: i. e. 'Pall-
1606	if'IVLTOS, in Herod. ii. 1~~.
1607	Th~ ne~t verse, howev!'lr, refers to Cheops: cf. Herod.
1608	ii. 124.
1609	3 The chronogl'llphers only speak of his discovery of the purple dye: cf.
1610	John Mal. 32 'HpaICA~s ••. ErpfUP€ T~V ICO,,"(XVA'l'JV •
1611	• Text reads NiI'll:'!.
1612	1'he corrqption has, as Zotenberg shows, arisen from a
1613	faulty transcription of an AraLic form which was itself corrupt.
1614	I
1615	I
1616	I:
1617	j
1618	f , ,
1619	. ,
1620	, ::
p. 39
1621	22
1622	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
1623	XXI. 1
1624	of his father Zeus,l were his rivals.
1625	2. And when he came to
1626	Qarontos, there met him a young girl, walking alone.
1627	3. And he
1628	seized her by her hair and cut off her head with (his) sword, and
1629	placed it on the shield which he had according to the magic which
1630	his father Zeus had taught him.
1631	4. And he carried it with him
1632	in all his warlike expeditions.
1633	5. And after he had journeyed and
1634	gone down into 'Elbitwnft, he turned towards Assyria.
1635	And when
1636	the Lycaonians Jnade war upon him} he took the head of the Gorgon
1637	the virgin magician and by displaying it before them vanquished
1638	them.
1639	6. And he built the town of Iconium, which had previously
1640	been a small town named Amandra; (and he called it Iconium)
1641	beca,use he had set np formerly his statue (ElKcfJV) near it together
1642	with the uetestable Gorgon.
1643	7. And when he came to Isauria,
1644	a city of Cilicia, and its people, moreover, warred against him, he
1645	vanquished them by the magical power residing in the head of the
1646	Gorgon.
1647	8. And the village of Cilicia, named Andrasus, he made
1648	into a city and named it rral'sus.
1649	9. And from Ci1icia he went to the
1650	land of Assyria, and there moreover he slew Sardanapalus-now this
1651	is the name of a dignity.
1652	10. And he disowned his claims of con~
1653	sanguinity and took possession of his kingdom as a spoil, and changed
1654	the name of the country, that is, Assyria, and named it Persia 2 after
1655	his own name and their kingdom by the second name. 11. And when
1656	he had h1ken away this name he planted trees there, called Persea,
1657	that is plums. 3
1658	12. 1'hese trees, moreover, are planted to the present
1659	day in memory of his name.
1660	And the Persians were Assyrians at
1661	that time, and he reigned over them all during fifty and three years.
1662	13. Aud there was a great commotion and a hissing and much
1663	rain, and the river in Syria, named Orontes, was quickly filled.
1664	14·. (And) he urged the Ionians 4 to make prayers, and when they had
1665	~, ___ ~_____
1666	1 \Vord corrupt here, a~ in vi.
1667	2 Chal1gecl the name of the cOllntry, that is, A ssyria, and named it Persia after his own
1668	name.
1669	I get this excellent tf~xt by simply changing the order of three words.
1670	Thus instead of ml'lC1D.£': (lC.£>: lIW'hTC1D-: I read lIW'h'l'CJD<: (lC.£>: ml'lC1D.f:
1671	Cf. John 1\1al. 37 /Cut Err' UVUp,UTL aVrov €/CaAErJ'fJl ufJTovS ilfPCfUS, d.CPEA6p,EJlOS U7TU
1672	'AaavpiwJI TrJll {3uCfLAeLUV /Cat TU ovoJ-lu.
1673	The text as it stands is absurd: 'changed
1674	the name of the country and named it Assyria, that is, Persia after his own name.'
1675	3 Plums, or 'peaches'. The word hoH-ih: is transliterated from the Arabic
1676	(Zotenberg).
1677	4 (And) he urged lhe Ionians to make prayers, and when they had offered supplications.
1678	These wonb are found in the manuscripts after the clause 'And Perseus was
p. 40
1679	XXII. 4
1680	BISHOP O}i' NIKIU
1681	23
1682	offered supplications there fell from heaven a globe of fire in the
1683	likeness of lightning. 15. And the people became still and ceased to
1684	be indignant, and the flowings of the river were stayed. 16. And as
1685	Perseus was surprised at what had befallen, forth with from that
1686	fire he kindled a fire and preserved it.! 17. And this fire he took 2 and
1687	brought to Persia on his return and placed it in the 16ngdom of
1688	Assyria.
1689	18. And the Persians made it a god and honoured it and
1690	built it a temple and named it 'The immortal fire '.
1691	19. And they
1692	say that fire is a son of the Sun enveloped in crystal, and the form
1693	of the crystal resembles the cotton tree (?), the colour of which is
1694	like water j for it is born from water and its interior resembles
1695	water.
1696	CHAPTER XXII. 1. Inachus of the race of Japhet, the son of Noah,
1697	who ruled in the west over the country of the Argives, was the
1698	first to rule over that country.
1699	2. He paid honour to the Moon
1700	and made her a goddess.
1701	3. And he built in the country of the
1702	Argives a city 3 named Iopolis after the name of the :Moon; for
1703	the Argives in their secret mysteries name the moon 10 unto this
1704	day.
1705	4. And he built a temple, and set up an altar in it, and he
1706	surprised at what had befallen I and before the clause' forthwith from that fire
1707	he kindled a fire'. But since these two clauses form the prot<lsis and apodosis
1708	of one and the same sentence, they must be taken together as in John Mal. and
1709	Chron. Pasch. (ICai
1710	(}avp.Qaa~ E1Ti Tfii 'YE"fov6Tt 0 n€paEi)~ Et EICr;{vov Toil 1TVPO~ d)8'OJ~
1711	clVf]tfE 11i1p), and the intruding words removed. From the same authorities we
1712	learn that the intruding clause should be read before the words' there fell from
1713	heaven ',&c. Hence I have restored them to their original context. In the
1714	next place, the words rendered' And he urged ... supplications' are in the
1715	manuscripts: '£'{I,: hCID: hl\&'lJ''l'l1: H'£'7itC9': fJitfi: YU1'rht': ;nlJ'OJ..fl:
1716	which =' he said that the Ionians who did it were men of demoniacnl appari-
1717	tions '.
1718	As this is impossible I have emended and restored the text by means
1719	of John Mal. : VT1JaEv TOV~ 'IOJ/I[Ta~ e!jtaa8at' "ai Ell Tfii EtJXfa8at a{;Tov~ "ai p.vaTa'YOJ'YEIV
1720	ICaTTJ"€x8", atpa'ipa 1TVPO~ ICEpavvoil EIC Toil ovpavoil.
1721	Hence I propose: '£'{I,; hCID:
1722	al\&,lJ''Pl1; .£.'n~: l1hl\-t: WfiCID: -t;Jl~: wl.£: hll"'r: bO-it:
1723	1 Forthwith from that fire he kindled a fire and proserved it.
1724	The text here is
1725	wOZlM': 1.£: hll-r: wtal: ~ol}J{l; I\'Hh-: hilt': = (and forthwith a tire was
1726	kindled and he preserved that fire'.
1727	But this is corrupt, and the text of
1728	J ohu Mal., Et EICfLvov Toil 11VPO, Ev8EOJ~ dV~tfE 1TUp ICat fiXE ,pvAaTTop.f/lOV p.E8' ~avTOu,
1729	shows that dv~if;E was wrongly taken by the Arabic translator as intransitive.
1730	Hence I restore as follows: wOZlLY: hrllh-: hilt: fil.£.£: hll-t: wtaJ:
1731	~orp{l:
1732	2 And this fire he toole, i.e. emending wOhl1': ll1-t:: IP'fi: = 'and on this
1733	account he took' into
1734	wl\hll~': ll1-t:: iP'fi:
1735	Cf. John Mal.
1736	07TEP
1737	1TVP
1738	E/3aaTa(r;II.
1739	S CID/t.lJ': a transliteration of an Arabic word for city.
1740	I'
1741	I
1742	s
1743	1,:,,/: ;
1744	j
1745	i
1746	!1
1747	:1 I
1748	:!
p. 41
1749	24
1750	'l'HE CHltONICLE OF JOHN
1751	XXlII. I
1752	rcpresented the l\1"oon by a brazen imagc) whereon he inscribed
1753	'Iw fL(XKaLfJa) which is by interpretation) (full of light '.1
1754	CHAPTER XXIII. 1. And Libya) who was the daughter of Picus
1755	by her mother 2 QaJlmjtt)3 became the wife of Poseidon) who ruled in
1756	the south. 2. And he named the country over which he ruled after
1757	the name of his wife Libya.
1758	And he begat by her Poseidon and
1759	Belns and Agenor. 4
1760	3. And this (last)) having gone to Canaan)5
1761	took him a wife named Dil'o, and also built a city and named it
1762	Dainls) that is Tyre, after the name of his wife.
1763	4. And during
1764	his reign there he begat by her three sons, men of renown and
1765	founders, i. e. S yrus and Cilix and Phoenix who was the first to
1766	wear siJk.
1767	5. And when about to die he divided (his empire)
1768	among his three sons and made the land subject to them.
1769	6. And
1770	Phoenix took Canaan and all the adjoining country and named it
1771	Phoenicia. after his own name.
1772	7. And the second took Syria and
1773	gave it his name,
1774	S. And Cilix the third took his territory and
1775	named. it Cilicia after his own name.
1776	CHAPTER XXIV. 1. And there was a man named Taurus, king'
1777	'Of Crete, and he made an expedition against ,:ryre about the hour
1778	of sunset., and attacked it) and made himself master of it, and took
1779	its riches and t led away captive many cities t.6 2. And in that way
1780	he took EUl'opa and made her his wife.
1781	}"'or Taurus having made
1782	a night expedition by sea 7 returned to his own country, Crete}
1783	and having taken Europa to be his wife) he named that country
1784	after the name of his wife.
1785	3. And he built a rity there alld
1786	1 Sense quite missed here.
1787	Cf. John Mal. 28 'lw paICalpa AapTr7]OacpOpf.
1788	2 By her mother.
1789	The text gives' with her mother '.
1790	3 QaH.i.l1jei.
1791	Should this be 'lw, or M€'\ta the mother of 'lw? Cf. John of Ant.
1792	~lvaxo'i ... ~'I6.'YETO 'YvlIatKa MEAtav.
1793	4 Agen01',
1794	The text gives libllJ.~lI:
1795	5 And this (last), having gone to Canaan. The text states that the sons of Poseidon
1796	____________
1797	were born' in Cananll'~ But the phrase' in Canaan' belongs to the llext sen-
1798	tence.
1799	Hence with John Mal. 30 11 OE 'A"'('qvwp ETr! T~V cf>OlV1K"l1l EMwv ~'Y6.'YETO
1800	Tl}lI Tvpw /Cat /cTi(E/ 1T(J'\LII ~v EICaAEO'E Tvpov el~ uvoj1.a T~~ EavTov 'Yaj1.fT~~, I have
1801	emended Ohili1:: m1J1>J:: {I. 0: into m1f1>J:: (I. 0: [hl: Oh}li1:
1802	6 Led away captive many cities,
1803	The true text is probably that in John Mal. 30
1804	~Aa{3Ev alxpai\wTov~ EIC
1805	T~) Tr6AEW~ TrOAAOVS'.
1806	Hence for .flit:; ... : liUrl: read
1807	.flit:;}: b,5fDV7C: 'led away many captives from the city'.
1808	7 By sea.
1809	Tho text b,5fDllffiC: is a mistaken renderiug of ola BaAaM7]'.
1810	8 His own counlj'y, Crele.
1811	The text reads' His own country Tarsus and Crete '.
1812	Here Tarsns is corrupt for Taurus.
1813	Cf, John 1\1al. 3.l alT'17"Y(('Yf OE Tryll Ellf1W1T7]Y
1814	El, '/ ~v loictv 7raTpioa 11 TavpoS'.
p. 42
1815	XXVII. 7
1816	BISHOP Ol!-' NIKIU
1817	named it Gortyna after the name of his mother.
1818	Now she was 1
1819	of the race of Picus, i.e. Zeus.
1820	CHAPTER XXV. And there was a certain man named Laius. tHis
1821	father was W aild" t~ who, seeing that his son would have commerce
1822	with his mother, commanded his soldiers to suspend him on a tree
1823	of which they had cloven the branches in order that the feet of
1824	- him that was suspended might be made fast in it.
1825	CHAPTER XXVI. 1. And there was a man named Seruch of the
1826	race of J aphet, the son of N oah.
1827	2. He appears to have been the
1828	first of those who worshipped idols through the influence of Satan.
1829	And he set up altars to the idols and served them.
1830	CHAPTER XXVII. 1. And Melchizedek waS found to be 3 holy
1831	though of Gentile origin,4 and he served God and was chaste (and)
1832	without sin.
1833	2. And Holy Scripture declares him to be without
1834	father and mother because he was not of the bmily of_ A braham.
1835	3. And he hated his father's gods and made himself a priest of the
1836	living God.
1837	4. He was descended froin the race of Sidus, son of
1838	-(Egyptus) the king of Egypt and Nubia, on whose account the
1839	Egyptians are (so) called.
1840	5. Now Melchizedek signifies king of
1841	righteousness. 6. Now King Sidus, though a priest, ruled 5 over
1842	Canaan, being sprung of a powerful race, and the Egyptians so named
1843	him because of (the land of) the Canaanites, which is the land of
1844	Pa.lestine until this day.
1845	7. And when he warred with them, they
1846	submitted themselves to him, and as they were pleasing unto him,
1847	he dwelt in their country, and built a city and called it Sic10n after
1848	his own name, which till the present day has been reckoned in
1849	1 Now she was.
1850	Text wrongly gives 'Now he was '.
1851	Cf. John Mal. ~v EICclAflJE
1852	rOpTvvav fls' Qvopa T~S aUTou P.1]TpOS T~S EIC -ylvo1}s ll[ICOV .at6s.
1853	2 Hisfather was Waikii. So text liil": m.e'1-t: But the manuscripts combine the
1854	two words. Hence the whole word may be a corrupt form of Labdacus, the father
1855	of Laius. Then read (m~.£:) (\.fl.£ttll: 'son of Labdacus'. Zotenberg finds
1856	, Iokaste in m.e'1-t:
1857	The original text referred of course to the story of Oedipus.
1858	S Was found to bc.
1859	Read lill'tCli~: (for li?l'tC~\:i·:) which = EVPf01],
1860	Cf.
1861	Chron. Pasch. i. 90
1862	EvpE(hls oE ~V TV cpvAV aUTou o:ywv "(EVV1]p.a: or three lines
1863	lower down ctv oE li-ytos
1864	~ICfi'vOS 0 o.VOPW1TOS ICa~ O{KaIOS.
1865	4 Though of Gentile origin, and he served God.
1866	Our text is closely connected with
1867	John ]'vIal. 57 sq. '0 MfAXHlEOEIC, dvryp (hoaf{3~s, feVtKOS, ICaTCI.-yop.EVOS EK TOU "(EVOUS
1868	~ioov, vlou Al-YV7TTOV, /3aatAEWS T~S At{3V1]' xwpas' €[ OU Al-yV1TTtOt ICEICA1]VTat.
1869	OI1TI>
1870	~ioos EK T~> AI-YV7TTOV E7TfA.(}WV 1TapEAa/3f TryV Xwpav TWJI AE"(Oj.!.EvWV XavaJla{wv EOJltKWJI,
1871	TOUT' EaTI, T~V vuv Af'yOP.EVT}V llaACllaT[II1/I', "TA.
1872	~ Thongh (' priest, ,ruled.
1873	So the manuscripts.
1874	I
1875	i L
1876	1.
p. 43
1877	I
1878	1---
1879	I
1880	i
1881	i
1882	\!
1883	26
1884	rrHE CHltONICLE OF JOHN
1885	XXVlI.8
1886	Canaan.
1887	8. Now as touching the father of Melchizedek who went
1888	forth from Sidon, we have learnt that such wa,s his origin.
1889	But
1890	his father was an idolatet' and his mother likewise.
1891	And this holy
1892	man used to reprove his father a,ncl his mother for their idolatry.
1893	9. And afterwards he fled away and became priest of the Jiving God
1894	as has been recounted. And he ruled over the Canaanites and built
1895	on Golgotha a city named Zion, i. e. Salem, a name whieh being
1896	interpretcd means in the language of the Hebrews (the city of
1897	peaee '. 10. And he ruled over it one hundred and thirteen years and
1898	died, having preserved his chastity and righteousness as t.he wise
1899	Josephus,1 the historian, has written in the beginning of his work
1900	on the history of the Jews.
1901	11. For he was the first (to offer)
1902	sacrifices to the God of heaven and bloodless oblations of bread and
1903	wine in the likeness of the holy mysteries of our Lord Jesus
1904	Christ 2; as David has sung, saying: 'Thou art His priest for
1905	ever after the order of Melchizedek.' 3
1906	12. And again he said:
1907	C God manifested Himself in Zion 4 and His name is great in Israel,
1908	and His place abideth in peace 5 and His dwelling is in Zion.' For
1909	the Jews learnt from Abraham the knowledge of God.
1910	13. And
1911	Salem also, that is, Jerusalem, is named [Jerusalem] 6 because peace
1912	abideth in Zion, that is, :I\1elchizedek
1913	14. And the Jews were
1914	called 7 Hebrews from lIeber, from whom Abraham, the chosen
1915	vessel, was descended.
1916	15. And when the rebels against God built
1917	the tower and laboured in vain in their impious designs, Hebel'
1918	indeed refused to join with them: he alone preserved without
1919	wavering his loyalty to God.
1920	16. And when the confusion of
1921	tongues took place, Hebcr alone was not deprived of his speech 8
1922	1 The same reference ,vith othcrs is found in John Mal., lac. cit.
1923	2 SaCl"(ficcs ••• JeS1lS Chist. Cr. Syncellus i. 184 EV apTrt' Kat OlVCP TTJII avalp.aKTOV
1924	Ova/av TOU •.• XplaTOU TOU all.7](hvou OEOU Kat ~WTTjpo> ~P.Wv 7TPOTV7TWV.
1925	See also
1926	Chron. Pasch. 50.
1927	3 Than art His priest/M' eve?', &c.
1928	Ps. cx. 4.
1929	This particular form of the text is -
1930	so far l1S I am aware peculiar to the Ethiopic version.
1931	4 God manifested IIimself in Zion, &c.
1932	Ps. lxxvi. 1.
1933	' Manifested' (lilltCli~:),
1934	lwro instead of 'known' \·I·Ow·cJJ:), appears to be due to the Arabic Version.
1935	'In Zion' see'ms to be peculiar to our author for' in Jurlah '.
1936	5 His place abideth in IJcace.
1937	So Eth. Version.
1938	The ungrammatical >{1dl,C':
1939	is found also in the manuscripts of the Pss.
1940	' In peace' instead of 'in Salcm'
1941	is found also in the LXX, Vulgatc, and Arabic Versions.
1942	6 Nanted [Je)(~salemJ. The manuscripts wrongly insert' Jerusalem '.
1943	7 Emended.
1944	8 Lit. ' was left without being deprived of' (or 'divided in ').
p. 44
1945	XXX. r
1946	BISHOP OF NIKIU
1947	27
1948	in its integrity and perfectness.
1949	17. And his successors guarded
1950	the language of angels which Adam spoke.
1951	And for this reason
1952	they are called Hebrews and their language Hebrew.
1953	CHAPTElt XXVIII. 1. rrhere was a man named I-lesiod of the race
1954	of Japhet, the son of Noah. 2. I-le invented Greek letters and was
1955	the first 1 to teach them. 3. It is told 2 that there was in the times
1956	of -the kings of the country tin Lydia t 3 a certain philosopher
1957	descended from the children of the giants who were of the race of
1958	J aphet, named Endymion.
1959	4. He, it is told, prayed in secret to
1960	the Moon, and they say that he learnt from the Moon in a vision
1961	the name of God.
1962	5. And when he twent one dayt/ he heard the
1963	sacred name and thereupon he gave up the ghost and died and
1964	rose not again.
1965	6. And his body is preserved unto this day 5 in the
1966	city of t Lydia t, and anyone can see it once a year when they
1967	open the coffin in which it is.
1968	CHAPTER XXIX. 1. It is told that in the time of Joshua the son of
1969	Nun) a king named Ogyges ruled over Attica, and that there was
1970	a great deluge in that country only. And the king himself perished
1971	and the inhabitants of that country.
1972	2. And it became a desert
1973	and no man dwelt therein for two hundred and six years,6 as
1974	Africanus has recorded in his chronicle.
1975	CHAPTER XXX. 1. And in the days of Moses the lawgiver) the
1976	servant of God who led the exodus of the children of Israel out of
1977	1 Was the first to teach them. In the manuscripts the word' first' is wrongly
1978	connected with the previous sentence.
1979	Cf. John Mal. 59 t!fVpE 'Ta 'EAA~VWV
1980	'Ypap.p.a'Ta ,ca~ ••• ft/8ETO TOI5 "E"A1](JI 7TpWTO<;.
1981	~ It is told that there was, d:c.
1982	'rho text in the manuscriptg is very confused.
1983	I have followed Zotenberg's restoration. The original was very closely related
1984	to John Mal. 61 tV
1985	Il~ TOI5 Xp6voIs TWV /3aalAEwv TWV 7TpO'YE"fpOP.P.EVWV aVEc/Jrill'7 TI'S
1986	tl! TV Kap[q. xWpq. 'Y1'YOVTO'YEVi]S c/JIA6ao1>os EIC T~S CPVA~S TOU 'Iaq>E8, Dvop.aTl 'Evllvp.,[wv·
1987	15IJ'TlS p.vaTlICd, EVX<ts lI.,-,,/wv Els
1988	aEA~II'7v ifTH aVTi]v p.a8EIv 7Tap' OVT~S TO ()Ei'/{ol' ovop.a
1989	El! 6pap.an.
1990	ICO~ EV To/ EVXEfJ8al ~A8EV Els V7TVOV ICaL TlICOVIJ'E 'T6 8Ei"ICOV o/lop.a EV vpap.,on.
1991	,ca~ oiJlcEn aVf.aT'7, aAA' EaT~ TO AEh/Javov aVTOV ~WS T~' vvv El, Tr}V KapLov ICTA.
1992	Cf.
1993	John of Antioch, op. cit., iv. 547.
1994	3 'l'his should be 'in Caria '. See Greek in preceding note.
1995	4 Since the Greek (see note 2) has here ~A8EV Els V7TVOV, our text is apparently
1996	corrupt.
1997	{; The wordR 'unto this day' are transposed in the manuscripts to the pre-
1998	ceding clause. They are restored here in accordance with the Greek (seo
1999	not.e 2).
2000	6 Africanus does not give the number, but John of Antioch (iv. 547) and John
2001	Mal. (62) give 270 years. Each author quotes Africanus as his authority.
2002	I' ,
2003	I
2004	I
2005	:11:
2006	~
2007	--~~----~-
2008	I
2009	I
2010	it
2011	i
p. 45
2012	28
2013	rr lIE CHRONICLE O:b' JOHN
2014	XXX. 2
2015	Egypt, t in the days of Petissonins, that is, Pharaoh Amosins, king
2016	of Egypt, who ruled by the help of the book of the magicians
2017	Jannes and .Tambres, who wrought shameful things before the
2018	mighty 1\10ses, who talked with God-for this reason, they say,
2019	they were not willing to let the children of Israel go after the
2020	signs and the wonders which were wrought by his staff. t 1 2. Now
2021	(Petissonins) went to the diviners who were in 1\1emphis and to
2022	the celebra.ted oracle and offered sacrifice.
2023	3. And when one of the
2024	Hebrews asked the diviner rraninus ('Vho is first among you? he
2025	answered :)2 (He who is in heaven, the Immortal, the First: before
2026	whom the heavens quake and likewise the earth and all the seas
2027	fear, and the Satans are affl'ighted al.1Cl but a few angels stand; for
2028	He is the creator of powers and mea8ures.'
2029	4. And Petissonius
2030	inscribed this oracle on a tablet and placed it in the temple of the
2031	gods near the water-measure whereby they learn the volume of the
2032	Nile.
2033	5. We should recount that, when the temple was already
2034	destroyed: this tablet was the only one in Egypt that was still
2035	unbroken till the foundations of the idol temples were overthrown,
2036	and it was no longer possible for anyone to maintain the temple of
2037	:lYlemphis.
2038	6. It was only through the power of our Lord Jesus
2039	Christ that all the temples were destroyed.
2040	7. Now this mad
2041	Petissonius, that is, the Pharaoh Amosius, was overwhelmed in the
2042	Red Sea together with his horses and horsemen.
2043	8. And when,
2044	after the children of Israel had gone forth from Egypt, he learnt
2045	that they had taken (with them) the riches of the Egyptians~
2046	a thing they had done with the approval of God and in accordance
2047	with His law j for the children of Israel had taken the riches of
2048	the Egyptians in compensation for the heavy labours which had
2049	been imposed upon them without intermission-Pharaoh was filled
2050	with indignation.
2051	9. Thereupon he went forth in pursuit of them
2052	with his army.
2053	And he was overwhelmed in the sea with his
2054	followers and there was not one left.
2055	10. And the children of
2056	Israel marched in the sea as on dry land, and they came to the place
2057	where God willed: for He is the conqueror of all the elements of
2058	creation.-Glory be to Him.
2059	11. And, after the Egyptians had
2060	been destroyed, those who remained worshipped demons and forsook
2061	God.
2062	rrhose unhappy ones destroyed themselves and became like
2063	1 Oorrupt.
2064	'l'e~t tra11slated as it stands.
2065	2 Supplied from Oralller, iv. 241 (Ja1)~l!tO'ul! JiOL TI, EO'TLl! rrpwTos vp,wv.
p. 46
2066	:XXXII. 4-
2067	BISHOP OP NIKIU
2068	29
2069	unto the angels who rebelled against God, and they worshipped the
2070	work of their own hands. 12. Some worshipped the cow, and some
2071	.the ox, and some the dog and also the mule: and some the ass, and
2072	some the lion: and some fish, and some the crocodile: and some the
2073	leek and many other like things.
2074	13. And they named their cities
2075	or Egypt after the name of their god.
2076	And they worshipped the
2077	tbuildingst of Bits}r and Manuf and Samnud and Silhraisht and Esna
2078	and of the Tree and of the Crocodile. And they gave divine honours
2079	to t the building of many cities t 1 and likewise to the storm.
2080	CHAPTER XXXI. 1. And during the time of him who first
2081	l'eigned over the Egyptians, when they served idols and such
2082	creatures as have already been mentioned and as regards the
2083	(!elebrated city Absai, that is, N akius, and its king was lIamed
2084	Prosopis, a name which being interpreted means (Lo.ver of the
2085	deities with three faces '-now he lived on the west bank of the
2086	river and he was continually at war with the barbarians who were
2087	named J\t{auritanians who came from the five countries.2
2088	2. And
2089	when these came in wrath, the inhabitants warred vigorously
2090	against them and slew many of them.
2091	3. And in consequence of
2092	this happy victory, (the barbarians) did not for a long period come
2093	again against the city> through the mercy of God who by the
2094	mighty power of his Godhead bath made all things to come into
2095	being out of nothingness.
2096	4. And the great river of Egypt was
2097	named Chrysorroas by the Greeks but it is named Gihon in the
2098	book that is inspired by God.
2099	5. Now this river flowed (anciently)
2100	to the east of the city, but it changed its course from the east to
2101	the west of the city, and the city became like an island in the
2102	midst of the river like a plantation of trees named Akrejfis, that is,
2103	the myrtle.
2104	CHAPTER XXXII. 1. And as fot Jerusalem which had been built
2105	by n1elchizedek its king under the sway of the Canaanites, that is,
2106	the Philistines, Joshua the son of Nun subdued it and called it
2107	Jebus.
2108	2. And he dwelt in Shechem; for he had subdued aU the
2109	adjoining country.
2110	And this (city) is named Nablus unto this
2111	day.
2112	3. And in the days of the wise kings David and Solomon,
2113	David prepared all the building materials for the building of the
2114	holy temple of God, and Solomon bnilt it in .Jerusa]em. 4. And he
2115	2 This pllssage is COlTllpt.
2116	I
2117	.1
2118	, I
2119	!
p. 47
2120	! I
2121	30
2122	rrHE CHRONICLE OIr JOHN
2123	XXXIII. I
2124	called it the city of the sanctuary on account of the consecration
2125	and the sacrifices according to the law and the abundance of
2126	righteousness and because our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ-
2127	praise be unto Him-underwent the passion there.
2128	CHAPTlm XXXIII. And in the days of the Judges) there was
2129	a judge of the Greeks named ITavo7TT17S') who was so named in regard
2130	to the hundred piercing eyes with which he beheld afar and saw
2131	better than all men.
2132	He was the first to devise in a city of the
2133	west all manner of handicrafts.
2134	CHAPTER XXXIV.
2135	1. Prometheus and Epimetheus discovered
2136	a stone tablet with an inscription which bad been written and
2137	engraved in the days of the ancients.
2138	2. And Elijah the prophet
2139	interpreted the verses. So the Greeks (have recounted) this saying
2140	that on account of this be ascended to heaven and that what had
2141	been in heaven was in his heart.
2142	3. And Deucalion) moreover,
2143	wrote a detailed history 1 of what had happened in the days of the
2144	deluge and the strange events (of that time).
2145	CHAPTER XXXV.
2146	1. And after the deluge in Attica, the
2147	sovereignty passed into the hands of the Athenians.
2148	2. And there
2149	ruled there a man named Elwates 2 and he established the (common)
2150	meal as a legal institution.
2151	3. And he was also the first to ordain
2152	that all men should take as their wives young virgins and name them
2153	spouses: and that they should dig a fountain in a hidden place in
2154	order to cause milk to spring (from the earth) in abundance as
2155	a visible stream.
2156	4. Now before his reign the women of Attica
2157	and the Athenians lived in unclean intercourse and male was
2158	joined to male.
2159	And they were like beasts: each lusted (after
2160	the other) and none had n woma,n to himself j but they ravished
2161	with wicked violence as we have already recounted.
2162	5. And they
2163	knew not their own offspring, either their male or female.
2164	And
2165	who could have known, seeing that none of them had fathers and
2166	all whom they bare 3 were begotten by all.
2167	Owing to their
2168	promiscuous intercourse they coul<1 not know whether they had
2169	male or female offspring.
2170	And they were a1l pleased with this
2171	unclean mode of living.
2172	6. As Cecl'ops the author of the prescript
2173	in bis law has said: (This country of Attica will be destroyed by
2174	a deluge from God.'
2175	7. And after this time they became wise and
2176	1 =' chnpters and history'.
2177	3 Slightly emended.
2178	2 = Cecrops (?).
p. 48
2179	XL. r
2180	BISHOP OF NIKIU
2181	31
2182	conformed to the law of marriage, the. men and the women.
2183	8. And Cecrops was highly honoured and esteemed all his days,
2184	and he brought it about that the children knew their fathers, as
2185	was befitting.
2186	CHAPTER XXXVI. 1. And in these days lived Orpheus of Thrace,
2187	the lyric poet of the Odrysae,1 called the great sage among the
2188	Greeks.
2189	2. He expounded to them t.hat which is called the
2190	'rheogony, which being interpreted in their language means' The
2191	combatant of God', which things are recounted by the chronicler
2192	Timothy.
2193	3. He said: 'Before all time was the holy Trinity
2194	coequal in one Godhead, Creator of all things.'
2195	CHAPTER XXXVII. 1. It is said that certain savants of the
2196	Athenians were the first to practise the art of medicine.
2197	2. Indeed
2198	the philosophers were the first who made known the noble art of
2199	using medicines which agreed with the stomach.
2200	. 3. And many
2201	people go to Athens for the sake of this art also, for it flourishes
2202	there until this day.
2203	CHAPTER XXXVIII. 1. King Solomon the son of David was the
2204	first to build baths and places for reading and instruction in every
2205	place under his dominion j for he had the demons subject to him.
2206	2. Now he enjoyed this privilege before he provoked God the Lord
2207	of all through the strange women who lived with him.
2208	These
2209	l)oIluted Jerusalem with their gods.
2210	CHAPTER XXXIX. l. In the days of the Judges also there arose
2211	in Phrygia a philosopher named Marsyas.
2212	2. He was the first to
2213	play upon the flute and the horn and the drum (?).
2214	And he
2215	deafened the ears of men and made himself out to be a god,
2216	saying: 'I have found food for man by means of a small member.'
2217	3. And God was wroth with him and punished him and he became
2218	insane and cast himself into the river and perished.
2219	CHAPTER XL. 1. And in those days also lived the hero Heracles
2220	and the Argonauts, the people that were with Jason.2
2221	And they
2222	1 The words iiC~ll: fit": lH-ll: h 1'1 6 tJ.h: fit"Cfbll: appear to be a tran-
2223	scription of 'Opq,ev,; U Spqt 0 AVPllCO'; 'OlipWULo'; and to reproduce twice the Coptic
2224	article (Zotenberg).
2225	Cf. John Mal. 72.
2226	2 The hero Heracles and the Argonauts, the people who were with Jason.
2227	Here
2228	ii.£.}·C: is probably corrnpted from u ~pQ)s, and t't1.r: a corniption of .f()'l:
2229	i.e. '1aO"cvII 'Jason '. So far Zotenberg. But another corruption lurks in the
2230	text.
2231	The words t"t..£"h91tJP<:
2232	(\':r~'.r~': (= 'they helped t.he sailors ')
2233	appear due to a misconception of 'Ap-yovavrul, whereby this word was bken [IS
2234	, ~
2235	.. , •. 'i,
p. 49
2236	32
2237	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
2238	XL. :3
2239	went to the Hellespont. 2. And the people (of the HeIlespont) had
2240	a king named Cyzicus.
2241	And they attacked and slew the king
2242	Cyzicus without knowing it.
2243	3. And when they learned (this),
2244	they were grieved; for they were all his kinsmen (and he was
2245	sprung) from their country.
2246	4. And after they had attacked
2247	Cyzicus, who was called the lord of the seven images, and won the
2248	victory (they built a temple in Cyzicnm, and) 1 named its name
2249	Rhea, which is by interpretation, mother of the gods.
2250	5. It is told
2251	(further) that they went to the place of those who announced
2252	(oracles) and to the seat of the elders and asked one of them,
2253	saying: (Prophesy to us, 0 prophet, servant of Apollo, of what
2254	nature this building will be and to whom shaH it belong. I.
2255	6. And
2256	they presented gifts to him who spake to them and he said unto
2257	them: (rrhere are three (Persons) but one God only.
2258	And behold
2259	a virgin will conceive His word, and this house will be His and
2260	His name shall belong to thousands.'
2261	7. And the idolaters wrote
2262	<lown this prophecy on a fragment of marble with a brazen pen,
2263	anu they placed it in one of the temples.
2264	8. After these times in
2265	the days of the Godloving emperor ZenoJ this temple was con-
2266	verted into a church, dedicated to the holy Virgin Mary, the
2267	:Mother of Gou.
2268	9. This the emperor Zeno did at his own costs.
2269	And thus was accomplished the prophecy of the demons who
2270	proclaimed the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.
2271	CHAPTER XLI. 1. The Argonauts sailed to the Hellespont to an
2272	island named Principus.
2273	2. rrhence they went to Chalcedon and
2274	sought to pass into the sea of Pontus.
2275	3. But the inhabitants
2276	brought with them a man of valour and fought with them.
2277	(And) he gained the mastery anti overcame them.
2278	4. And fearing
2279	the wrath of this man, they fled to a very desolate extremity of
2280	the coast.
2281	5. Auu they saw a mighty portent from heaven which
2282	resem bled a man with great wings on his shoulders after the
2283	likeness of a very terrible eagle.
2284	6. And it said unto them:
2285	('Vhcn ye fight with Amycus ye will overcome.'
2286	And when
2287	they heard these words from the apparition whieh they saw, they
2288	n. common noun compounded of rlpfryw and VaVTa!, lind thus arose the rendering
2289	in our text 'lH'lped the sailors'. This restoration is confirmed by John Mal.
2290	77 fl' o~ TOI, /Ca/ pOl) TOt! 0wAa t Hpa"A~' 0 ~pw, /CO.l oi 'Ap"yOVatTa! oi 1rfpi 'Ia!1om •
2291	oi'TtVH UViOVH> TOV 'EAArW1rUVTOJl.
2292	1 RestOl'ed by Znt8nherg.
p. 50
2293	. \
2294	XLII. 3
2295	BISHOP OF NIKIU
2296	33
2297	took courage and fought and overcame him and slew llim.
2298	7. And
2299	they honoured that place where they had seen the mighty figure}
2300	and they built there a temple and they placed in it a statue
2301	resembling the apparition they had seen.
2302	8. And they named
2303	this temple Sosthenium because they had sought refuge there
2304	and were saved.
2305	And so they name it unto this day.
2306	9. And
2307	in the days of Constantine, the greatest and most illustrious of
2308	Christian emperors, the servant of Jesus Christ, when he first
2309	established the seat of empire in Byzantium, that is in Rome,
2310	he came to the Sosthenium to close the temple of the idols to
2311	be found there.
2312	10. And when he saw the statue which was in
2313	it, he at once recognized that it was the statue of an angel.
2314	And as his thoughts were troubled with doubts he prayed and
2315	besought our Lord Jesus Christ in whom he trusted, saying:
2316	'Make me to know, 0 Lord, whose image this is.'
2317	11. And
2318	thereupon he fell asleep and heard in a vision that the image
2319	was the image of S. l\1ichael the archangel.
2320	12. Having learnt
2321	that it was he who had sent people to fight Amycus the emperor
2322	caused this temple to be adorned and commanded them to turn
2323	it to the east and [commanded them] to consecrate it in the name
2324	of the archangel Michael.
2325	13. And numerous miracles were wrought in this (temple)
2326	through healings of the sick.
2327	And after that Christians began to
2328	build churches in the name of S. Michael the chief of the angels.
2329	And they offered in them holy offerings unto God.
2330	CHAPTER XLII. 1. It is said touching the holy nails which were
2331	found in the cross of our Saviour Jesus Christ and with which
2332	his holy body was nailed, that the holy, Godloving Constantine
2333	took one of them and fixed it in the saddle 1 of his horse; and
2334	the second he made into a bit for his horse; and the third he
2335	cast into the pass of Chalcedon. 2. For they were in grievous danger
2336	till by means of this holy nail the waves of the sea, yea all
2337	the waves of the ocean, were quieted.
2338	3. And the empire made
2339	itself strong in the city of Constantine.
2340	Now in the days of
2341	Zeno the empire had had its seat in Rome.
2342	Afterwards the
2343	(two) empires were united in one by a decree of the Senate.2
2344	1 An Arabic word. After' horse' the translator adds the words 'which is
2345	a saddle '-the word being different from the former.
2346	2 Here Wt.-If:": should be written lJt.-lfr:
2347	It is here a rendering of
2348	(J{rYICA7]TOS, being elsewhere a rendering of (JTpaTla, lJXl-..o~, (JV/lal'0rr~, &c.
2349	D
2350	, , ..
2351	I I
2352	. ~"
2353	'I' I " I
2354	ri
p. 51
2355	34
2356	rrHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
2357	XLI1·4
2358	4. For one (0£ these) had been estab1ished on account of the con-
2359	tinual outbreaks of the barbarians, and the other in accordance with
2360	the counsel of the prefects in order that they might have another
2361	authority in Asia.
2362	CHAPTER XLIII.
2363	1. And in the days of Samson the last of the
2364	Judges, Lapathus ruled in the land 1 of Aegistheus. 2
2365	And he had
2366	two sons, whose names were Achaius and Lacon.3
2367	2. And he
2368	di vided the provinces of his kingdom in to two parts, one half for
2369	himself and the other half for his sons.
2370	3. And when he died, one
2371	province was named Achaia after the name of his eluest son, and
2372	the other was named Laconia after the name of the younger son
2373	(and such are their names) unto this day.
2374	CHAPTER XLIV. 1. And at that epoch there reigned in Hellas a
2375	king whose name was Pelops.
2376	2. After this man the Hellenes
2377	called the kingdom_ Peloponnesian by his name unto this day.4
2378	3. And he built a city and they named it Peloponnesus after his
2379	name.
2380	And the name of his kingdom is Hellas unto this day.
2381	CHAPTER XLV.
2382	1. And there was a man named Bllawon.
2383	He
2384	built the city Farma after his own name.
2385	2. And Priam built the
2386	city of ~fa,lldbinun (= Ilium ?), in Phrygia . .. in the city of
2387	Sparta in the country of Hellas, when he came there.
2388	CHAPTER XL VI. And there was a wise and sagacious man nameu
2389	Palamedes.
2390	He was the first to teach the arts of playing on the
2391	harp and lyre 5 and the flute and all manner of musical instruments~
2392	CUAPTEn, XLVII. 1. And rrros} also, who ruled over the country
2393	of Phrygia 6 ••• before that he had slain Priam and Hecuba, and he
2394	slew their young men and plundered their royal palaces that it
2395	III igb t be a, mcmorial unto him, and this city came under his power,
2396	anu he named it J~uderjan. 2. And Setabarja of Panton he named
2397	Asia of the Ephesians. 7 It was named ... which is now Saqilja
2398	1 Emended by Dillmann.
2399	2 This identification is most doubUul.
2400	The Ethiopic is li:{.ei'l'f::
2401	S Correct form, though transliterated from the acc.
2402	" The original meaning is no doubt that in John Mal. 84 sq. f/3a(],LAEU(fEII 0
2403	nlAotp ••• Et ov
2404	lCa~ nEAoTTowry(],101 lICAry01](]'all 01 'EAAa(jllco[ ••• gICTOTE
2405	ICa~ neAO-
2406	TTOIIII~(],1011 EICAryOr; TV /3a(],[AEIOII 'EAAa(joS".
2407	I have emended 17--w: into ovl'7J»T:
2408	5 According to Guidi's Amharic Lexicon this is a lyre of ten strings.
2409	r, After Phrygia there seems to be a lacuna. The text is full of confusion.
2410	Zotenberg does not attempt a rendering.
2411	7 Of. John Mal. 108 ETTI(]'TaIlTfS" TV Xwpq. TWII cf>pu,,/wv ltE1TOp81](]'all 7"(1 ahwlI
2412	/3a(){AEla . • • 17apaAa/3i,vTES" np{ap.oJl /3a(],tAEa
2413	ICa~ </>OJlEv(]'aJlTH airrc)/I
2414	lCa~ 'EKa/3r;1I
p. 52
2415	L.r
2416	BISHOP OF NIKIU
2417	35
2418	(= Sicily ?),and it became a great island and its earlier name was
2419	Qubaba.
2420	CHAPTER XL VIII.
2421	1. And Solomon the son of David, king of
2422	Israel, built a great structure in t Bilimiktunt 1 in the midst of the
2423	city to be a memorial unto him in order that his name and the name
2424	of his father should not be forgotten.
2425	2. And he gave it to a man
2426	named Aiwani, which is by interpretation in the language of
2427	Canaan C light', but he named the structure Palmyra.
2428	3. Indeed
2429	it was in that place that David his father, the strong and mighty
2430	one, was victorious when he slew and was victorious over Goliath
2431	the Philistine.
2432	4. It is for this reason that he appointed its name
2433	to be Mezad in order that strange peoples (azmad) might dwell
2434	therein.
2435	And a great number of Jewish soldiers dwelt there.
2436	5. And Nebuchadnezzar king of Persia took this city, having to
2437	expend much toil and severe effort before he could take it and
2438	burn it with fire.
2439	And he caused the memorial of it to disappear
2440	till this day.
2441	CHAPTER XLIX. 1. And (he took) the city Tyre also, which is an
2442	island surrounded by water.
2443	And he put forth many a mighty
2444	effort to take it.
2445	2. And he commanded his soldiers, the cavalry
2446	and foot-soldiers, and an the Persians to cast earth into the arm of
2447	the sea which surrounded it.
2448	3. And they filled it with earth till
2449	the water of the sea dried up and (the strait) became as land. And
2450	by these means N ebuchadnezzar the king of the Persians was able
2451	to take this city.
2452	CHAPTER L. 1. And at the time of the Captivity which took place
2453	through N ebuchadnezzar-he was commanded to do so by God and
2454	a force of angels was given to him-before N ebuchadnezzar had
2455	come and burnt the sanctuary of God with fire, Jeremiah,2 a prophet
2456	great among the prophets and a lover of that which is good, went
2457	into the second chamber,which is called the Holy of Holies, and took
2458	the ark of God which was coveI:ed with gold, without and within,
2459	/3auIA[aa' TOV> a~ aVTWV rraloa> alXIWAWTOVS dA1J1)6Tfs Im! 7TCtJlTa Ta {3auLlI.fta oraprra-
2460	uap.fJlOL vrrfUTpftfaJl .•• HaTfUXfJI OVJI ij {3aULlI.da 'EcpfUOV T~> 'Aulas rrao1J> Hac TpO{7]>
2461	T~> if>pv7{a>.
2462	Also 200 B 0 Tpwos (3amAfvs fls p.JI~p.1JJI aUTou • • .
2463	T~V rrp~7JJI
2464	lI.eyop.iJl7]v 'Err{Tporrov fjv p.fTEICall.EuEv 'Au{av.
2465	1 Zotenberg conjectures that this word is a transliteration of EJI To/ lI.Lp.lrrp =
2466	, on the border'. He compares John Mal. 143
2467	~ICTLUE OE /Cat EV To/ l\1P.ITo/ 1I6.\w
2468	~1I €/CClAEUE llall.p.ol'pav.
2469	Possibly it is a corruption of llal\p.olpa.
2470	2 The text is very confused.
2471	n2
2472	!
2473	I'
2474	i I \
2475	, I
2476	.1
2477	\'
2478	I 1 r'
2479	I
2480	I
2481	I
2482	)
2483	! I
2484	~ ,
p. 53
2485	36
2486	rrHE CHRONICLE OP JOHN
2487	L. 2
2488	antI the glorious objects which were in it} i. e.the tables of the
2489	law, anc1 the golden box of manna, and Aaron's rod which bore
2490	almonds, and the stone from the hard rock, from which Moses
2491	had given the people to drink when they thirsted.
2492	2. And,
2493	moreover, Moses the prophet carried this stone as he went before
2494	the people in their journey through the wilderness, according to
2495	the commandment of God.
2496	3. And as often as the people thirsted,
2497	he cast it upon the earth and smote it with the rod, and water
2498	came forth and the people were satisfied and all the cattle.
2499	4. And Jeremiah took those objects and the stone, and went hastily
2500	to the rock and hid them there until this day.
2501	5. And on the
2502	second coming of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, who will be
2503	preceded by the sign of the cross, this ark borne by angels will
2504	appear, and ~loses also who made it will come and Jeremiah who
2505	hid it in the rock.
2506	6. When the dead shall rise, the sign of the
2507	cross will appear and after it our Lord Jesus Christ who was
2508	crucified-glory be unto Him. 7. And these words are to be found
2509	in the teaching of S. Epiphanius, our light-giving father, bishop of
2510	Cyprus, who has written in his book a complete history of the
2511	prophets after the overthrow of Jerusalem and the disappearance of
2512	the kinguom of J udah.
2513	CHAPTER I-I1.
2514	1. Cyrus the Persian overcame Astyages and
2515	Cyrus became king 2 ••• that is, Cambyses.
2516	2. And Croesus was
2517	stiffnecked and overweening.
2518	And all the kingdoms afar off and
2519	close at hand had submitted to him.
2520	3. And the peoples that were
2521	subject to him paid him tribute and dwelt in peacc.
2522	But those
2523	which resisted him, he led away captive, and spoiled their posses-
2524	sions and made himself master of their territories.
2525	Por he was
2526	very great and formidable and victorious.
2527	4. And Cyrus was
2528	disquieted in heart; for he had. a wife named Bardane, who had
2529	previously been the wife of Darius the successor of Belshazzal'.
2530	5. She spake, saying: 'vVe have amongst us a prophet of the
2531	Hebrews named Daniel, in whom is the wisdom of God.
2532	He
2533	belongs to the captivity of the children of Israel.
2534	6. Now Darins
2535	used to do nothing without his counsel, and every thing that he
2536	ueclared to him (beforehand) was accomplished.'
2537	7. And when
2538	Cyrus heard these words he sent to Daniel the prophet and had
2539	1 Cf. 2 Macc. ii. 4-8; 2 Bnruch vi-viii.
2540	2 Zotenberg right.ly recognizes a lacuna here.
p. 54
2541	LT. 18
2542	BISHOP OF NIKIU
2543	37
2544	him brought witli honour, and he asked him and said unto him:
2545	~ Shall I conquer Croesus or not? '
2546	8. But he was silent and did
2547	not speak for the space of an hour.
2548	And thereupon he spake,
2549	saying: 'Who can know the wisdom of God?' And then Daniel
2550	the prophet prayed and besought the Lord his God to reveal unto
2551	him whether he (Cyrus) could resist this rapacious (and) overween-
2552	ing Croesus.
2553	9. And God said unto him: (If he sends back the
2554	capt.ivity of the children of Israel, he shall surely conquer and take
2555	to himself the power of Croesus.'
2556	10. And when he heard these words from God, he told Cyrus
2557	that he should conquer Croesus if he sent back the children of
2558	Israel.
2559	11. And when Cyrus heard these words he cast himself at
2560	Daniel's feet and sware, saying: 'As the Lord thy God 1iveth,
2561	I win send Israel back to t,heir city Jerusalem, and they shall serve
2562	the Lord their God.'
2563	12. And Cyrus, in accordance with his duty
2564	to God, heaped benefitr') upon Israel and sent them back (to their
2565	own country).
2566	13. Now Crocsus went out with a great army to war against the
2567	provinces of Cyrus.
2568	And having crossed the river of Cappadocia
2569	in order to slay Cyrus, Cyrus put him to shame and 1 he was not
2570	able to escape secretly because of the river confronting him. 14. In-
2571	deed when Croesus came to this river, a large multitude of his
2572	soldiers were speedily overwhelmed (in it); but he himseH was not
2573	able to cross j for God had delivered him into Cyrus's hands by this
2574	means.
2575	15. And Cyrus's soldiers pursued him and took him alive
2576	and seized him and put him in chains, and slew of his army 40,000
2577	men.
2578	And Cyrus had his adversary Croesus suspended on a tree,
2579	and the rest of his army he humiliated and shamed.
2580	16. As for
2581	the Jews and their king he sent them off that they might return
2582	to their own country as he had promised to Daniel the prophet.
2583	17. And when Cyrus returned into Persia"
2584	he settled 2 all the
2585	affairs of his government and appointed his son Cambyses to be
2586	king over Persia and Babylon.
2587	And he was a bad man, and he
2588	rejected the wisdom of his father and the worship of the Lord God.
2589	18. And Apl'ies moreover was king of Egypt and dwelt in the city
2590	of Thebes and in Memphis and in two (other) cities, 1\1 uhil and
2591	1 There is no need for the addition of three words to the text by Zotenbel'g,
2592	It is only necessary to excise the m before h-C7ill: and place it before h.bU":
2593	2 The text reads mPT": which I have emendecl into m·th":
p. 55
2594	1
2595	, ;
2596	1
2597	~ !
2598	; I
2599	J
2600	1
2601	!
2602	, I
2603	'I
2604	38
2605	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
2606	LT. 19'
2607	SUfiru. 19. And in those days, in consequence of the intrigues of the
2608	neighbouring peoples Cambyses sent to Jerusalem and gave orders (to
2609	his officers) to restrain them (the Jews) from rebuilding the sanctuary
2610	of God.
2611	20. And afterwards he made an expedition to Egypt
2612	with a great (and) innumerable army of horse and foot from Media.
2613	21. And the inhabitants of Syria and Palestine got ready to oppose
2614	him (but in vain), and he destroyed not a few but many cities of
2615	the Jews, for hc was supreme over all the world.
2616	22. And in the
2617	pride of (his) heart he changed his name and named himself Nebu-
2618	chadnezzar.
2619	And his disposition resembled that of a barbarian,
2620	and in the evil counsel or his desire he hated mankind.
2621	23. And
2622	his father Cyrus had been great and honoured before the living
2623	God, and had commanded that they should build the temple of
2624	God in Jerusalem with (all) vigilance and zeal, what time he had
2625	sent Joshua the high priest, the son of J ozadak and Zerubbabel,
2626	that is Ezra, and all the captivity of J udah that they might return
2627	to the land of the Hebrews and Palestine. 24. But Cambysc8, that
2628	is, N ebuchadnezzar the second, and Belshazzar burnt the holy city
2629	Jerusalem and the sanctuary according to the prophecies of the
2630	holy prophets Jeremiah and Daniel.
2631	25. And after they had burnt
2632	the city Cambyses camc to Gaza and got together troops and all
2633	the materials of war, and he went down into Egypt to war against
2634	it.
2635	And in the war he gained the victory and he captured the
2636	Egyptian cities Farmft and Sanhur and San and Basta.
2637	And he
2638	captured Aprics, the Pharaoh, alive in the city of Thebes and he
2639	slew him with his own hand.
2640	26. Now there was in Egypt a warrior named Fusid who
2641	practised righteousness and hated iniquity. When there was war
2642	between the Persians and Egyptians, he had gone and fought
2643	in Syria and Assyria and he had taken four sons of Cambyses
2644	- prisoner as well as his wives-in all forty souls.
2645	27. And he
2646	bound them and burnt their houses and took all that they had
2647	captive and brought them to the city of Memphis and he imprisoned
2648	them in the palace of the king.
2649	28. And when a second war arose
2650	between the Assyrians :md Egyptians, the Assyrians proved the
2651	stronger and gained the mastery over the Egyptians and took the
2652	palace which is in the city of Thebes.
2653	29. And the Assyrian
2654	soldiers shot arrows, and, as they shot, an arrow smote the warrior
2655	j:l-'C'lsid on thc right side.
2656	But the Egyptian soldiers carried off the
p. 56
2657	LT. 39
2658	BISHOP OF NIKIU
2659	39
2660	warrior Fusld from the Assyrians, before he died.
2661	And he lived
2662	but an hour more and after this died and left a memory to those
2663	that came after.
2664	30. But the Egyptians were moved with fear
2665	because they had lost such a warrior as Fusid.
2666	And for this reason
2667	they fled for refuge into the city Sais, because it was a strong city
2668	and its fortifications stronger than those of the others.
2669	31. And
2670	Cambyses attacked this city a second time and carried 1 it by storm
2671	and destroyed 1 it.
2672	And he captured all the other cities of lower
2673	]~gypt towards the north to the sea coast and plundered them of all
2674	their possessions and destroyed their cities and neighbourhoods and
2675	burnt their houses with fire and left neither man nor beast living.
2676	32. And he cut down their trees and destroyed their plantations
2677	and made the land of Egypt a desert.
2678	And returning in the
2679	direction of RH he warred against the city of Memphis, and he
2680	conquered the king who was in it. 33. And the city of Bush also,
2681	which lies below Memphis, he destroyed and annihilated and took
2682	its possessions as a booty, and burnt it with fire and made it a
2683	desert.
2684	34. And the sons of the kings which survived fled for
2685	refuge to another city, the nearest at hand, (even) into its citadel
2686	and closed the gates of the fortress.
2687	35. And the Assyrians
2688	besieged this citadel and carried it by storm by night and destroyed
2689	the city of Memphis the great.
2690	36. And one of the kings of
2691	Egypt, named Muzab, had sent in secret to his son, named Elkad,
2692	bidding him to bring all his wealth and that of all his officers
2693	and of the forty wives of Cambyses, that is, N ebuchadnezzar, even
2694	those which had been brought by Fusid the captain. 37. And they
2695	opened the gates of the fortress by night, and they took and led
2696	them forth into the desert by another way which the people knew
2697	not.
2698	And the four sons of Cambyses the inhabitants of the city
2699	of Memphis led back, and they made them ascend to the summit of
2700	-
2701	the fortress and cut them in pieces and cast them to the base of the -----
2702	fortress where Cambyses was.
2703	38. And when the soldiers of Cam-
2704	byses saw this evil thing which the inhabitants of the city of
2705	Mempl1is had done, they were filled with wrath and warred against
2706	the city without mercy.
2707	39. And they set up engines against it
2708	and destroyed the palaces of the kings, and they slew without
2709	mercy the children of the kings Muzab and Sufir and all the chiefs
2710	of the army which were found in the city.
2711	1 I have transposed these words in the text.
2712	"
2713	I,
2714	II ,I
2715	'I
p. 57
2716	40
2717	'rITE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
2718	LI. 40
2719	40. And when (Elkad) was informed of the death of his father,
2720	he fled into Nubia.
2721	And Cambyses also destroyed the city of On
2722	and upper Egypt as far as the city Eshmun.
2723	And the inhabitants
2724	of this city on learning (of his approach) were seized with fear and
2725	fled into the city of Eshmfmin.
2726	41. And they sent to N ubia to
2727	Elld\d the son of :M llzab, asking him to come unto them that they
2728	might make him king in the room of his father.
2729	Fo~ he had
2730	formerly made war against the cities of Assyria.
2731	42. And there-
2732	upon Elkad gathered a large army of Ethiopians and Nubians and
2733	warred against the army of Cambyses on the eastern bank of the
2734	river Gihon. But the Ethiopians were not able to make the passage
2735	of the river. 43. And the Persians, full of stratagems, wheeled about
2736	as though intending to flee.
2737	Then in the early part of the night
2738	they crossed the river with vigilance and took possession of the city
2739	and destroyed it before the army of Ell,ad were aware.
2740	44. And
2741	when they had completed the destruction of the city Eshmunil1 they
2742	march into upper Egypt, and laid waste the city of Assuan.
2743	And
2744	they crossed to the opposite bank belonging to the city Ahif, and they
2745	destroyed Phile as they had done the other cities.
2746	45. And they
2747	turned back to the cities and provinces which still remained, and
2748	they ravaged them and burned them with fire till all the land of
2749	Egypt became a desert and there was no longer found in it a moving
2750	creature, neither a man nor even a bird of the air.
2751	46. Then Elkad
2752	king of Egypt devised another plan, he and all that had not been
2753	annihilated by the Persians.
2754	And they proceeded and came upon
2755	Cambyses at some distance off, and they took with them gifts and
2756	harps and drums and timbrels 1 and prostrated themselves before
2757	him and besought him that they might receive from him mercy and
2758	friendship.
2759	47. And Cambyses showed mercy to the Egyptians
2760	that survived who had come to offer their submission, and he had
2761	compassion on them and led them away to Media and Babylon.
2762	And he appointed as their ruler one of their own num bel'.
2763	48. And
2764	as for Elld,d he did not take from him his royal crown but estab-
2765	lished him on the royal throne and did not lead him away with him.
2766	49. And the number of the Egyptians whom Cambyses led away
2767	with him were 50,000, besides women and children. And they lived in
2768	captivity in Persia forty years, and Egypt became a desert. 50. And
2769	after devastating Egypt, Cambyses died in the city of Damascus.
2770	1 An Arabic word.
p. 58
2771	LI. 60
2772	BISHOP OF NIKIU
2773	41
2774	And the wise (and) great Artaxerxes reigned eight years, and he
2775	was not wanting in love eit.her to God or man.
2776	51. And he com~
2777	manded N ehemiah the cupbearer 1 to build the walls of Jerusalem,
2778	and he dealt kindly with the Jews, because Cyrus and Darius had
2779	honoured the God of heaven, and served Him.
2780	And for t.his reason
2781	he supported all the enterprises of the Jews.
2782	52. And as for the
2783	Egyptians he dealt kindly and well with thcm and made them 2
2784	officers in order to take counsel with his prefects.
2785	And later he
2786	sent back the Egyptians, to their own country in the one and
2787	fortieth year of their captivity and the devastation of their country.
2788	53. And when they ret.urned they began to build houses in their
2789	several cities: they did not construct great houses as formerly but
2790	small houses wherein to dwell.
2791	And they planted trees and vines
2792	in abundance.
2793	54. And they set over themselves a king named
2794	Fiwaturos in compliance with the command ofArtaxerxes the humane.
2795	55, And there was an Egyptian who comforted (his people), a man
2796	of indefatigable energy, wise and virtuous, named Shenufi, which
2797	is by interpretation 'good news'.
2798	56. And this man was very
2799	vigilant in rebuilding the cities and villages and restoring the
2800	tillage of the land so that in a short time he rebuilt all the viIJages
2801	of Egypt.
2802	.,And he restored Egypt and made it as it had been
2803	before.
2804	And there was great prosperity in his "days, and the
2805	Egyptians increased very much, and their cattle increased also.
2806	57. And he reigned over them forty and eight years in happiness
2807	;:Lnd peace because of the return of the Egyptians from captivity.
2808	And he went to rest full of honour. But before he died he numbered
2809	the Egyptians, and their number was 500,000 men.
2810	58. And after
2811	the death of Shenufi the Egyptians remained for a long time
2812	without a king, but they paid taxes to the Persians and Assyrians
2813	at the same time.
2814	And they remained at peace till they appointed
2815	a second Pharaoh as king and paid the taxes to him.
2816	59. Now the Persians did not approve that the Egyptians should
2817	pay the taxes to their own king.
2818	But the Persians also were
2819	without a king after the death of the great Artaxerxes who had
2820	had compassion 011 the Egyptians.
2821	60. And he who reigned after
2822	Artaxerxes at first made war against the Jews and the Jews
2823	1 lI~\t: in the text = potator, 'wine-bibber', whereas we require OD1I6:
2824	or 71-1li.: = pocillator or olvoX6os.
2825	~ We should expect 'some of them'.
2826	'..1
2827	, ! ~
2828	l
2829	"
2830	, I'
2831	:. I
2832	~----
2833	.;
p. 59
2834	I!
2835	1
2836	i i
2837	I
2838	I
2839	i
2840	I
2841	-I
2842	I
2843	42
2844	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
2845	LT. Gr
2846	submitted to him.
2847	And next he made war on the Egyptians and
2848	overcame them and took their possessions as a spoil; for the land of
2849	Egypt is throngh the help of God a very goodly (land).
2850	6l. Now
2851	when N ectanabus, the last of the Pharaohs, was informed by the
2852	chief diviners-for he was himself also a magician and asked the
2853	impure demons whether he was to rule over the Egyptians or not-
2854	when (I repeat) he was surely informed by the demons that he
2855	should not rule over the Egyptians, he shore his head and changed
2856	his outwa.rd figure, and fled, and went to the city of Farma, and
2857	furthermore went to 11:acedonia and dwelt there.
2858	62. And the
2859	Egyptians remained in subjection to J ulja,n~s till the time of
2860	Alexander 0 r.avTapxo'J 1, which is by interpretation 'the ruler of
2861	the world '.
2862	And he slew the last 2 king of the Persians.
2863	63. And after some time Ochus reigned for twelve years over the
2864	Persians.
2865	And after him Artaxerxes reigned twenty-three years.
2866	And after him Darius, surnamed Akrejus, reigned for six years.
2867	And then Alexander rose up against him and slew him and took his
2868	kingdom of Babylon from him; for Alexander the son of Philip of
2869	l\1acedon was ruler of the world.
2870	CHAPTER LII. And there was a man named Aeneas, who espoused
2871	the daughter of Latinns, named Lavinia.
2872	And he built a great
2873	city and named it after the name of Lavinia and established his
2874	kingdom in it.
2875	CHAPTER LII!. l. And there was in Italy a man named Pa1las and
2876	he had a son.
2877	And he became a good and warlike man.
2878	And he
2879	stormed many cities belonging to Aeneas.
2880	2. And when he warred
2881	against t J llsten t, he took his city and built therein a great house,
2882	and he adorned it and there was no such house in any city. 3. And
2883	he built a paJace also and named it Pallantium, which is by inter-
2884	lwetation ( stronghold', after his name Pallas.3
2885	1 The Greek is transliterated in the text.
2886	2 Text reads hes~ates, which Noldeke has recognized as a transliteration of
2887	vO'TaTOS.
2888	3 The text is corrupt, as a comparison of John Mal. 168 shows /(al d.1T~A.8fV
2889	o Al"Elm 1TPO, r()" Euavopov /(at rov vlov aUTov I1aAAavra, avopa> 7TOAfPL/(CVTthovs'
2890	OtnHS OL~')'OV fl, TrJV 'IraAEaJl, ol/(oVVTES /(WJ1.fJV Af')'OPEJl7]V Ba}\€VTlaV, l(JVJlOJlTfS l7Tap-
2891	Xiav pEav.
2892	'Ev Ii KWP!/ /(at E/(rUJ'EV 0 I1aAAas oT/(OJ/ pf.rav 7Tavu, OIOJl OU" fTXfJl iJ 7Tfp[-
2893	xcvpo, EKfLV7]' CI(Jns ol"os E"Ary87] ro I1aAAavr( L )OV, /(a id.7TO ron E/(Ary87] ra /3aO'LALlcd
2894	IwrOL/(7]rrypLa I1aAAaVTLOV h rov I1aAAavros. In our text Jilsten is due to a faulty
2895	transcription of the Arabic for BaAfvr[av, but the Arabic translator had already
2896	erred in taking BaAfvTlav as the name of a king, as Zotenberg has already
2897	recognized.
p. 60
2898	LVI. 4-
2899	BISHOP OF NIKIU
2900	43
2901	CHAPTElt LIV. And when t Creusa became king, he built a city
2902	named Alba.
2903	Then leaving Elbanja he came to Elwanja t,I that
2904	is, Alba, which by interpretation means 'light '.
2905	CHAPTER LV. 1. And there was a Canaanitish woman named Dido,
2906	the wife of a man named Sichaeus.
2907	2. And she came originally
2908	from a small city Kard'lmfts,2 situated on the sea-coast between
2909	Tyre and Sidon.
2910	3. And she was very rich.
2911	And she had a
2912	brother named Pygmalion, who rose against her husband and slew
2913	him from the covetous desire to get hold of her weal th and
2914	treasures. 4. Then this woman arose in haste and collected together
2915	an the wealth and treasures in her house, and embarked on a ship
2916	and fled and went from Canaan to the country of Libya 3 in Africa,
2917	and built a great city in that province, which she named Carthage,
2918	but in the language of the Barbarians it is called ' New city'.
2919	And she reigned there wisely until her death.
2920	CHAPTER LVI.
2921	1. And in the days of Hezekiah king of J udah
2922	there were two brothers whose names were Romulus and Remus.4
2923	2. And these built a great city near a small city Valentia in Italy,
2924	a city of Latinus where previously there had been a royal palace
2925	named Pallantium.
2926	And this they rebuilt.
2927	3. Moreover they
2928	built a temple for their God named Zeus) and they named it in
2929	their own language the Capitol. 5
2930	And the appearance of one of
2931	the buildings, the royal palace, was very wonderful.
2932	And in the
2933	Latin language they named the Capitol' Head of the city'. 4. And
2934	in those days they called themselves 'Romans' and the name of
2935	their city 'Rome'. And the two brothers ruled together in it.
2936	But afterwards a cause of enmity intervened, and Romulus slew
2937	Remus his brother and reserved the throne for himself alone.
2938	1 This chapter is very corrupt. First, as we see from John Mal. 168 sq., the
2939	text should deal with Ascanius, the son of Aeneas and Creusa ('A(J'IU7.VLO, ••• <>
2940	_
2941	vios TOU AlvE[OV (bro T17S KpEOVCT1'}').
2942	According to some traditions and those that
2943	have influenced our text, Ascanius left Lavinium (Elbanja in our text) and
2944	built Alba Longa (Elw8.nja in our text). But the text of John Mal. is here very
2945	confused and erroneous. Thus we have ICa~ ~ICTI(1E ('ACTlCaVtOs) T~V Aa{3LV[av 1TOALV,
2946	ICa2
2947	TO
2948	{3aa[AEtOV TOI; Aa{3IV1'}CT[OIS
2949	~1TE(}1'}"E, pETa"'(OJ"'(WV 0 aUTOS 'AC-lCaVIOS
2950	tIC
2951	T17s
2952	'AA{3av{as 1T6AEOJ, TO ITaAAaoLOV £1s T-YjV aVTOU ICTla(}dCTav 1T0AIV Aa{3lvtul'.
2953	See also
2954	Cedrenus, i. 238.
2955	'l Cf. John Mal. 161 a1TO 1TOAEOJS plICpas • • • XapTlpas.
2956	S Text reads Iona through a faulty transliteration of the Arabic.
2957	4 Text reads Romanos by a corruption.
2958	11 Cf. John Mal. 171 vaov pE"'(av Tep ll.t1 ICTlauvTE,
2959	~"aAE(JUV ahoy l{u1TETCVA/oV
2960	'POJpa'iaTt, {} ~(J'TtV ~ ICE<PUA~ T17, 1ToMws.
p. 61
2961	THE CHRONICLE OP JOHN
2962	I,VI. 5
2963	5. And thereupon the city was shaken with earthquake and all
2964	the people were panic-stricken· together because of the grea.t
2965	quakings in their midst.
2966	And Romulus also was terrified and
2967	became heavy of heart by means of his great terror, and 1 he learnt
2968	from the diviners and the unclean spirits that his throne should
2969	not be established in Rome without his brother Remus.
2970	6. Then
2971	he had recourse to many a device in order to raise his brother and
2972	he was not able.
2973	But a great quaking ensued and in the midst of
2974	that quaking he saw an image of his brother, a perfect likeness
2975	from his head to his breast.
2976	7. And he made an image of his
2977	brother in the likeness of the apparition which he had before seen,
2978	a golden statue representing his brother from the head to the
2979	breast, and he placed it on his throne and he adorned it with all
2980	manner of ornaments.
2981	8. And in his prescripts he wrote after
2982	this manner, saying: ((In) the prescripts emanating from me and
2983	my brother so we declare, and so we command, so we execute " and
2984	so on.
2985	9. And this custom derived from the Romans has prevailed
2986	to the present.
2987	Their kings and their magistrates have preserved
2988	this formula in the courts which a,re called (praetorian', that is, in
2989	their places of justice.
2990	10. And Romulus also was the first to ride on horseback in
2991	Rome and to rush to the encounter at full speed and to be ardent 2
2992	to be victorious.
2993	And he devised these diabolical practices and
2994	source of evils and vices, in order that his horse soldiers should be
2995	the strongest in the world.
2996	11. And he appointed also a place
2997	of conflict for women called Elm::m~a~um 3 that the soldiers might
2998	resort (thither) in order to be with them (the women).
2999	Por pre-
3000	viously they had violated all the women, whether married, virgin,
3001	or widowed.
3002	12. And by reason of his fear and discouragement Romulus
3003	instituted this order of female cavalry and made them alone with-
3004	out the men into one force.
3005	13. And he divided them moreover
3006	into two parts, the virgins on one side and the married women on
3007	the other.
3008	And he assembled from all the cities far and near a
3009	great assemblage of women cavalry without number.
3010	14. And
3011	1 This' and' occurs in the text before' by means of'.
3012	2 Read ·t'U+T:
3013	3 Unintelligible. Cf. John Mal. 177sq. : Ch1·on. Pasch. 112.
3014	Zotenberg con-
3015	jectures it to be a corruption of O'rpar61'.
p. 62
3016	I,VI. 2f
3017	BISHOP OF NIKIU
3018	45
3019	they kept watch over the foreign women in their midst 1 who
3020	did not belong to Rome, in order to accomplish (their) desire.
3021	And (Romulus ordered them) to lay hands on all they found. 2
3022	15. Now the young girls of the city of the Sabines which is near
3023	to Rome were beautiful women.
3024	And he summoned and assembled
3025	them (masc.) to him.
3026	And when Romulus had ended assembling
3027	the women, he gave them to the soldiers who had no wives.
3028	And
3029	he named those soldiers CTTpanwTas,3 that is, warriors. 16. And the
3030	rest he ordered to carry them (the women) off as best they could.
3031	And subsequently to this ordinance they chose their wives according
3032	to their individual tastes without violence.
3033	17. And moreover he instituted 4 priests of the idols and named
3034	them priests of Apollo.
3035	18. And next Romulus comma.nded his
3036	most illustrious officers and soldiers to entertain 5 in the winter
3037	. season.
3038	And he invited (in order) from alpha to omega 6 the
3039	most illustrious of his officers, each in turn, and the commanders
3040	and magistrates of the people and all the soldiers whom he wished.
3041	And this ordinance existed in Rome.
3042	19. And next he established
3043	a custom in Rome, called AbrastUs ... 7 this is the place, to wit,
3044	of the officers in which they keep guard of the citadel at all times.
3045	20. And next he built the walls of the city of Rome and completed them.
3046	21. And next he built a temple in the city of Ares, in the month
3047	1 In the text the words' in their (masc.) midst' occur after' desire'.
3048	!t Read Hlhofl'Pl: J?-.'1J»J»pl:
3049	s aolll1'Pll: (?).
3050	4 The text is not to be emended as in Zotenberg, but the manuscripts to be
3051	followed. mm}: in some instances as here = 'to institute',
3052	11 Zotenberg resigns the attempt to translate verses 18-20. The text refers to
3053	the B!·umali,a. ;;f .. Joh~ ~al. 17: TO~TOV o~v ~V,f"fV 0 '~WftO~ Err€V~77,(J€ Ta Af:'"yoft€Va
3054	Bpo·uftaAta, HP7]"W~, c{>7](JtV, uva'Y"atov ftvat TO TPHPflV TOV "aTd. "atpOV /3a(JtAfa TT"JV
3055	~aVTOU (JU'Y"A77TOV rra(Jav "a~ TOV~ EV d[[1}
3056	"a~ 1T(iO"a~ Ta, tvOOV TOU rraAaTlov
3057	ovO"a~
3058	uTpaTuls, ch EVTlJloVS EV TfjJ "atpfjJ TOU
3059	XftJlwvo~, OT€ Ta rrOA€JlI"d. (Vooo"tV tXfl.
3060	"a~
3061	7JPtaTo rrpWTOVS "aAfLV "at Tpfc{>ftV TOV~ arro TOll llAf/Ja ~XOVTa~ TO oVOfta "a~ AOtrrOV
3062	drroAoV8w~ EM TOU T€A€VTalov 'Yp6.ftftaTO~, "€AdJ(Ja~ "d T-tJV eavTOv UU'YICA7]TOV {}pEtf;al
3063	TfjJ aVrfjJ UX{IJlUTI. J?-.RA. f.: is to be emended into .£.fl,llf.: Cf. OpNal in last line
3064	of the preceding extract.
3065	6 The words hllh: 1IA.~! mli! = 'to· alpha and omega' should be emended
3066	into hYUl1A.~: hllhli: = 'from alpha to omega', and ~hould be transposed
3067	after m.£. II 1IA.:
3068	7 ·What this word refers to is doubtful. The words may, as Zotenberg sug-
3069	gests, form a fragment of a description of the four factions, and Abra"tus in
3070	t.hat case would represent rrpal(TEJlTOV. Cf. Chron. Pasch. 112 E"aAfu(' oi TO rrpaulvov
3071	ftlpo~ rrpaIU€l'ToV.
3072	\
3073	\
3074	!
p. 63
3075	46
3076	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
3077	LVI. 22
3078	of March, that is :Magabit. Now l\'farch is the beginning of months.
3079	22. And in the beginning of the month they celebrate a feast, and
3080	they named that feast (Prim us'. And after this feast he commanded
3081	the soldiers to fight.
3082	23. And they named this month March 1
3083	because of the custom of the heathen who are demon-worshippers
3084	according as the ancients had prescribed in their foolish ignorance.
3085	And the Romans have preserved this custom.
3086	24. It is for this
3087	reason that the holy fathers, t.he Egyptian monks, who were clothed
3088	with God, offer at the beginning of every month an unbloody sacrifice
3089	to the holy consubstantial Trinity and receive the holy life-giving
3090	mysteries, while they chant the words of the 80th Psalm: (Blow
3091	up the trumpet in the day of the new moon, on the notable day of
3092	our festiva1.' 2
3093	CHAPTER LVII.
3094	1. And after Romulus Numa became l{ing. He
3095	was a wise and very prudent man. 2. And he caused the government
3096	of the city of Rome to go along a good path by means of an
3097	excellent discipline. 3. And this illustrious man was the first to
3098	make money for selling and buying and for the exchange of
3099	silver. It is for this reason that stamped copper money is named
3100	felus unto this day.3
3101	4. And next he appointed two places: one
3102	for the officers and one for the judges that they might give orders
3103	to the oflicers and all the army.
3104	5. And furthermore he established
3105	(them) outside that they might judge the peoples who were under
3106	their authority j and not only those who judged but those with
3107	functions which are subordinate according to rank, and (others)
3108	which resemble this.4
3109	6. And this law is ordained and established
3110	amongst the Romans unto this day.
3111	CHAPTER LVIII.
3112	1. And in the days of the high priest of
3113	Jerusalem who was named Judas, Philip was king of Macedonia.
3114	And when he became king he warred against rrhessaly and came
3115	1 This passage is corrupt.
3116	The original sense can be inferred from the Chron.
3117	Pasch. 292 A 6 oE aUTOS /3arJ'LAEVS 'PWj-lOS • • • EKTUJE
3118	Ka~ T/f ~ ApE! lIaOIl, Ka~ Ell aUT/f
3119	T/f flT}IIL hrotT}(]"ElI
3120	EOPT7'Jl1 fleyar.:r}ll, Ovrras TCjj "ApEl, KaAfrras ,ca~ Tall flqlla Mapnoll,
3121	TTPWT}1I AE'YOflEIIO/I IIp!p.Oll, OTTEP EPflT}IIEVETUl ~ ApEOJs, 1]VTTEp EOPT~1I KaT' ETOS 01 'POJflaIoL
3122	TTallTEs E1TlTEAovrrLll
3123	~OJs IIVII, KaAovlITES T~II t,j-lfpall T7j, TTallT),),vpEOJS MaPTlS Ell Kafl7TCp.
3124	2 Ps. Ixxxi. 3.
3125	The text agrees with the LXX Ell
3126	fvrr~j-lrp t,flfPrt EOpT7jS -qflWII.
3127	g Cf. Cedrenus, i. 260 Kat arrrrapta OE a1TV arr~flou Ka~ XUAKOV TTETTOlT}fl1llu TTPWTOS
3128	'POJflatOls fxaptrraTo.
3129	Here arr~flou means' silver', but our author took it in its
3130	earlier meaning of ' unstamped', and some scribe omitted the negative. Hence
3131	we have' stumped'.
3132	i 'fIle meaning of this verse is obscure. Zotenberg does not translate it.
p. 64
3133	LIX. 10
3134	BISHOP OF NIKIU
3135	47
3136	off victorious over it.
3137	2. And when he had won the victory, he
3138	built a city (in Macedonia) and named it Thessalonica.
3139	CHAPTER LIX. 1. And when Alexander the son of Philip of Mace-
3140	don became king he built in Egypt the great city Alexandria, and
3141	named it Alexandria after his own name. 2. Now its name formerly
3142	in the Egyptian language was Rakoustis. 1
3143	And after this he
3144	warred against Persia.
3145	(And he came) to the confines of Europe,
3146	and he built there a place where his army and all his troops
3147	assembled.
3148	And he gave there gold in abundance to his chief
3149	generals and to all his officers and his numerous forces.
3150	And he named that place Chrysopolis.2
3151	And so it is named by
3152	the inhabitants of Byzantium.
3153	3. And in his war against Persia
3154	Alexander slew many of Darius's troops, (nor did he stop) till he
3155	had annihilated them.
3156	And he seized all the kingdom of Darius
3157	and made himself master of it.
3158	4. And moreover he took captive
3159	his daughter, who was named Roxann.
3160	And she was a virgin
3161	and he made her his wife.
3162	And he did her no injury.
3163	5. Nor
3164	yet did he offer any outrage to Candace the queen of Ethiopia,
3165	because of her great intelligence j for she had heard tidings of the
3166	great deeds of Alexander and how it was his custom when he wished
3167	to war against the kings of the earth to join with spies (and so to
3168	visit their territories).
3169	6. And queen Candace, being apprised of his arrival with the
3170	spies, had him arrested and said unto him: "J.1hou art the king
3171	Alexander who hast seized upon all the world) and yet thou art
3172	to-day seized by a woman.'
3173	7. And he said unto her: (It is by
3174	means of thy knowledge and the subtility of thy intel1igence and
3175	thy wisdom that thou hast seized me.
3176	Henceforth I will
3177	preserve thee unharmed, (even) thee and thy children, and I will
3178	make thee my wife.'
3179	8. And when she heard these words she
3180	cast herself at his feet and made an alliance with him) and he
3181	made her his wife.
3182	And thereupon the Ethiopians submitted
3183	to him.
3184	9. And when Alexander was. dying he divided his kingdom
3185	among his four companions who had helped him in his campaigns.
3186	10. And Philip) his elder brother, took Macedonia and reigned over
3187	1 In text Ritkfidi.
3188	Cf. John Mal. 192
3189	T~1I peyaA"l1l 'AAEt(l.I,opfLav ~1tT/Uf T~1I
3190	Trprf"lll Afi"(OP.III"l1l ICWfL"lll 'PaICOVUT/v.
3191	2 Cf. John Mal. 193.
p. 65
3192	48
3193	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
3194	LX. I
3195	it and all Europe.
3196	Furthermore he made Ptolemy, surnamed
3197	Lagus, king of Egypt.
3198	CHAPTER LX. And in the days of Ptolemy Philadelphus, son of
3199	Lagus, whose name by interpretation means' lover of the brethren "
3200	a man of large thought and wisdom, the holy books of God were
3201	translated from the Hebrew into the Greek langna,ge by old men
3202	in the space of seventy-two days, for there were seventy-two
3203	translators, but two died before they had completed the translation.!
3204	CHAPTER LXI.
3205	1. And Antigonus reigned over Asia and Cilicia
3206	and the river which is named Dl'aco in the province of Orontes j
3207	2. And over Syria, Babylon and Palestine there reigned a king
3208	named Seleucus Nicanor.
3209	3. And this (king) warred against
3210	Antigonus king of Asia and slew him, because he had built a
3211	city on the borders of the river Draco and had named it Antigonia.
3212	4. And he seized all the property in the region of Iopolis and of
3213	the fortress which faces mount Silpion .... Now this city was
3214	formerly named Bottia.2
3215	5. And he built there the great city ot
3216	Antioch, and named it after the name of his son Antiochus.
3217	6. And again he built another city [in the name of his daughter],
3218	and he named it Laodicea, for his daughter's name was Laodicea.
3219	Now this city had formerly been named Mazabdan.
3220	7. And again
3221	he built a city and named it Apamea, which formerly had been
3222	named Pharnace.3
3223	CHAPTER IJXII. Seleucus, that is, Pausanias,4 was the first to
3224	write Chronicles and annals and to name them.
3225	CHAPTER LXIII. And Antiochus surnamed Epiphanes visited
3226	with punishment the J\1accabees.
3227	CHAPTER LXIV. 1. History of the Consuls of the early Romans.
3228	J ulius Caesar the dictator seized the power and administration
3229	among the Romans before the incarnation of our Lord and Saviour
3230	Jesus Christ.
3231	2. The birth of Julius was not'like the birth of
3232	(ordinary) men whom women give birth to in the ninth month.
3233	For his mother died during her pregnancy, and after she died the
3234	babe stirred in her womb.
3235	And the wise men seeing that the babe
3236	stirred, cut open the womb of the mother and brought forth the
3237	1 Cf. John Mal. 196; Ghron. Pasch. 173.
3238	2 Cf .. John Mal. 199.
3239	s Cf. John Mal. 203.
3240	4 The text is a corruption of the account in John Mal. 317 C tICTlaE ~~ ICa~
3241	uAAas owcp(JpOUS rrOAftS ••• ICU(JWS u aocpos TIuuauv[as oU/le,/pa!f;uro.
p. 66
3242	I,XVI.2
3243	BISHOP OF NIKIU
3244	49
3245	(babe) living and nursed it and caJIed its name Caesar.
3246	Now
3247	Caesar means 'drawn forth', 'cut out', (separated '.
3248	3. And
3249	when he grew up they named him also Triumvir, and in acconlance
3250	with a decree of the Senate of Rome he was appointed and became
3251	king.
3252	4,. And when his empire was consolidated, the Persians and
3253	barbarians were seized with fear.
3254	And this same Caesar made the
3255	month in which he became king the first month of the year.
3256	5. And he issued prescripts for his commanders and prefects
3257	according to their various offices in every province of his empire.
3258	6. And next he left the east and came to Alexandria the chief city
3259	of Egypt. And he met queen Cleopatra, the daughter of Ptolemy)
3260	surnamed Dionysus, king of Egypt.
3261	7. And she was a very
3262	beautiful young gir1.
3263	Caesar fell in love with her and married
3264	her and begat a son by her.
3265	And he gave her the kingdom of
3266	Egypt,.
3267	And he named that son J ulius Caesar.
3268	He was also
3269	named Caesarion.
3270	8. He built a beautiful palace and aJso a
3271	beautiful and magnificent and comely house, and he named it after
3272	his own name and that of his son.
3273	9. And when the great
3274	Constantine, the emperor of the Christians) took possession of the
3275	Roman empire he changed this (building) into a church and named
3276	it after the name of S. l\1ichael.
3277	10. And to this day it is named
3278	the church of Caesarion because it was built by Julius Caesar the
3279	younger and Caesar the elder.
3280	CHAPTER LXV.
3281	1. It is told regarding Archelaus the chief
3282	governor of Cappadocia and regarding Herod, who was full of wicked-
3283	ness (and) the murderer of his father, who was the first to eat raw meat
3284	with the blood) and not of the number of the faithful: now Herod
3285	was king of J udea: (it is told that) they submitted to Caesar the
3286	elder 1 and made him sovereign over their territories during a11 their
3287	life.
3288	2. And Archelaus built in Cappadocia a city and named it
3289	Caesarea in Cappadocia to be a memorial of him (Caesar).
3290	And
3291	formerly it was named Mazaca.
3292	CHAPTER LXVI. 1. And Herod also built a city in Palestine and
3293	named it Caesarea in honour of the emperor.
3294	And this is very
3295	beautiful and its name was formerly Straton's Towel' (~TpaTWVO!)
3296	m'lpyo!)).
3297	2. And he constructed a way also which led into the city
3298	of Antioch, and he made the city more spacious and he covered the
3299	way with slabs of white stone at his own expense, and though
3300	1 i. e. Caesar Augustus.
3301	E
p. 67
3302	50
3303	THE CHItONICLE OF JOHN
3304	LXVI. 3
3305	previously impassable he made it a way fit for kings.
3306	3. And
3307	he sent also a Jewish army into Egypt and he made all the cities
3308	submit to the emperor.
3309	And in like manner he caused the orientals
3310	to pay tribute to Caesar.
3311	CHAPTER LXVII.
3312	1. And queen Cleopatra went down from
3313	Palestine into Egypt in order to make her royal residence there.
3314	And when she came to the city Farma she gave battle to the
3315	Egyptians and overcame them.
3316	2. And next she came to
3317	Alexandria, and reigned there.
3318	And she was great in herself and
3319	in her achievements (in) courage and strength.
3320	There was none
3321	of the kings wbo preceded her who wrought such achievements
3322	as sbe.
3323	3. And she built in the confines of Alexandria a great
3324	(and) magnificent palace, and all that saw it admired it j for there
3325	was not the like in all the world.
3326	4. And she built it on an island
3327	in the quarter of the north to the west of the city of Alexandria,
3328	outside the city and at a distance of four stadia.
3329	5. And she raised
3330	a dike against the waters of the sea with stones and earth; and
3331	made the place of the waters over which they voyaged formerly
3332	in ships into dry land, and she made it passable on foot.1
3333	6. And
3334	this stupendous and difficult achievement she wrought through the
3335	advice of a wise man named Dexiphanes, who made the sea into
3336	dry land that there might be a means of passage on foot.
3337	7. And
3338	next she constructed a canal to the sea, and she brought water
3339	from the river Gihon and conducted it into the city.
3340	And by this
3341	means she brought it about that ships could approach and enter
3342	the city and by this means there was great abundance.
3343	8. Now
3344	the city was formerly without access to water, but she brought all
3345	the water it required (lit. made it full of water) so that ships could
3346	sail thereon, and by this means fish became abundant in the city.
3347	9. And she executed all these works in vigilant care for the well-
3348	being of the city.
3349	And before she died she executed many noble
3350	works and (created) important institutions.
3351	And this woman, the
3352	most illustrious and wise amongst women, died in the fourteenth
3353	year of the reign of Caesar Augustus.
3354	10. Thereupon the inhabi-
3355	tants of Alexandria and of (lower) and upper Egypt submitted
3356	to the emperors of Rome, who set over them prefects and generals.
3357	11. And Augustus reigned fifty-six years and six months.
3358	And in
3359	the forty-second year of his reign our Lord and Saviour Jesus
3360	1 Cf. John Mal. 217 sq.
p. 68
3361	LXVIII. I
3362	BISHOP OF NIKIU
3363	51
3364	Christ was born in the flesh in Bethlehem J udah, very God alike
3365	in heaven and earth-to Him be praise.
3366	12. (He was born) in the
3367	days when a decree went forth that all the world should be
3368	'registered and every person numbered with a view to levying of
3369	taxes.
3370	And this measure was carried out through the advice of
3371	Eumenes and Attalus, illustrious and great men of Rome.
3372	13. And Augustus moreover found the name of the month
3373	Iilebruary inscribed in the middle of the year. Now if we start from
3374	the first, that is March, the earliest of the months of the Roman
3375	year, this month' of February was the sixth in order of the
3376	Roman months.
3377	14. Now Augustus decreed 1 that they should
3378	make this month the Jast of the months of the year; for Augustus
3379	blamed the chief of the army in those days, who was named
3380	Manlius of Cappadocia,2 possessing as he had power and authority
3381	over them; for it was he who arranged the order of the monthEl,
3382	and he was influential and powerful amongst the Romans. 15. And
3383	instead of this month or February which he had made the last
3384	month, because it was the shortest of all the months, they intro-
3385	duced in its stead the full month named August after his name;
3386	and it was the sixth month.
3387	16. The month which preceded the
3388	sixth month, i. e. the fifth, he named Julius after the name of
3389	the emperor, the paternal uncle of Augustus.
3390	17. And the Romans
3391	adopted and confirmed this regulation (and have observed it) till
3392	the present day.
3393	The sixth and fifth months are preceded by
3394	March~
3395	CHAPTER LXVIII.
3396	1. Now Christians complete in faith do not
3397	receive 3 any other rule than that ordained for them in accordance
3398	with the statement of Ezra the prophet,4 the i11uminator of under-
3399	1 Cf. John Mal. 187. AtJ'YOVO'TOS' ••• hrfp.~p.1>fTo TEp
3400	Mu~~fwIIL Ka1TLTw~[lIo/ wS'
3401	Ta(all7'1 TOll KUKOI(WLO'TOII <I>d3pouapLOII P.~IIU P.€0'01l, "a~ P.ETU"(U"(WII EiJfNwS' • •• Ola OdaS'
3402	a{/TOU "f~d)O'fWS' TO OIlOP.U TOU cf!E{3povapfov p.'l'JIIOS' f)O'TEPOII mlllTWII TWII P.TJIIWII hatf, I(a~
3403	allT' aVTOU TO 10[011 faVTOU OIlOP.U AtJ"(OVCTTOI! TOil ~"TOII a1TO TOU 7rptP.OV, Kat TOil 7rpO
3404	TaU AV,,(OVO'TOV P.TJIIOS' iKa~EO'fll fiS' TO OIlOP.U TOU Oe/ov aUrOl) 'lov~lov Ka{O'apoS'.
3405	2 There is a dittograph and a disarrangement in the text.
3406	First mtltht.tJ:
3407	HthODr": is to be excised as a dittograph, and 1l(1D<: CTlflA.rlflJ: HPK.eCf1.r:
3408	to be read immediately after av'POlA:
3409	3 I have emended .eODl'Im: (=' carry off', 'plunder ') into .eUZmm.: =
3410	, receive'.
3411	Our translator has already used this latter verb in the like
3412	connexion.
3413	4 In Fabricius, Cod. Apocr. Novi Test., p. 952, and in his Cod. Pseudepir;. Vet. Test.,
3414	E2
p. 69
3415	52
3416	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
3417	LXVIII. 2
3418	st.anding twhen the months come how on the sixth of Tuba, i.e.
3419	Ter, which is the first month amongst the Franks: 2. When the
3420	beginning of the month coincides with the first or second or third
3421	unto the end of the seven days. t 3. And they observe moreover
3422	the commencement of their months in seeking to know whether it
3423	will be lucky or unlucky.
3424	4. And Socrates the sage and philo-
3425	sopher (and) astronomer established this custom in Rome.
3426	5. And
3427	Socrates the or<1ainer and establisher of the practice had altered
3428	among the pagans the writings of Ezra the prophet and saint.
3429	He was deceived and he deceived those who read his book by his
3430	evil device.
3431	CHAPTER LXIX. 1. And after the death of the emperor Augustus,
3432	his son Tiberius became emperor, who had brought Cappadocia into
3433	subjection to Rome after the death of Archelaus the governor of
3434	Cappadocia.
3435	2. And he built also a city in the province of Thrace
3436	and named it Tiberia.1
3437	And in the days of Tiberius Caesar our
3438	l.1ord Jesus Christ was crucified in J erllsalem.
3439	CUAPTmt LXX. 1. And, after the death of Claudius, the abomin-
3440	able N ero became emperor in Rome.
3441	Now he was a pagan and an
3442	idolater.
3443	2. And to his other vices he added the vice of sodomy,
3444	and he, married as though he were a woman.
3445	And when the
3446	Romans heard of this detestable deed, they could no longer endure
3447	him.
3448	3. And the idolatrous priests particularly inveighed against
3449	him, and the senators elders of the people) deposed him from the
3450	throne 2 and took counsel in common to put him to death. And
3451	when this impure wretch was informed of the purpose of the
3452	senators, he qnitted his residence and hid himself.
3453	But he was
3454	not able to escape the mighty and powerful hand of God. 4. For
3455	when he fell into this disquietude of heart, owing to the debauchery
3456	which he had practised as a woman, owing to this cause (I repeat)
3457	his belly grew distended and became like that of a pregnant woman.
3458	5. And he was greatly afflicted by the multitude of his loathsome
3459	pall1s.
3460	And therefore he ordered the wise men to visit him in the
3461	place where he was (hidden), and to administer remedies.
3462	6. And
3463	p. 1l()2, notices of this work of Ezra on the unlucky days of the twelve months
3464	will be found.
3465	See also Zotenberg in loco
3466	1 Cf. John 1\1a1. 23G.
3467	2 The words' deposed him from the throne' occur in the text at the close of
3468	ver. 4.
3469	I have restored to vel'. 3.
3470	.'
p. 70
3471	LXXI. 10
3472	BISHOP O~' NIKIU
3473	53
3474	when the wise men came to him thinking that he was with child 1
3475	they opened his belly in order to deliver it.
3476	And he died by this
3477	evil death.
3478	CHAPTER LXXI. 1. And after the death of Titus Domitian his
3479	brother became emperor in his stead.
3480	And he was a great philo-
3481	sopher among the heathen.
3482	2. Anrl he stirred up a persecution
3483	against the Christians and he brought many torments upon them
3484	by the hand of Decius and through the machinations of his officers.
3485	3. And he had John the beloved evangelist brought to Rome, and
3486	he persecuted him and all the believers in God for their true and
3487	right faith.
3488	4. And afterwards being struck with admiration at
3489	. the greatness of his wisdom he set him free in secret and without
3490	the knowledge of his officers and ~he idolatrous priests he had him
3491	conducted to his residence.
3492	5. But again Domitian, yielding to the
3493	persuasions of the wicked ministers of the demons, sent John the
3494	theologian into exile to the island called t Sun.2
3495	6. And next
3496	Domitian built a city in the province of Isauria and he named it
3497	Domitianus after his own name.
3498	7. And when the consummation
3499	of his sin was at hand, he had driven into exile the holy martyrs
3500	and he went to the temple of Titus and sought to offer a sacrifice
3501	to the demons; for he called a thing which could not speak
3502	a saviour.
3503	8. 'rhen his officers took counsel to put him to death;
3504	for he had always humiliated them through his stiffneckedness and
3505	pride of heart, and, philosopher though he was, he had wholly failed
3506	to do justice.
3507	And they rose against him and put him to death
3508	secretly.
3509	9. But the people were not aware that they had put him
3510	to death.
3511	And they took his silk garments and suspended them on
3512	the chains of the temple lamps, in order to deceive all the people by
3513	a lying statement, saying: ((The emperor) had been carried up
3514	from earth into the air by the priests of the gods, because he was
3515	a philosopher.' 3
3516	10. 'rhus they misled the people for some time;
3517	but afterwards they were apprised of the death of this wicked man,
3518	and there arose a tumult because they had put him to death in the
3519	1 The words 'thinking he was with child' wrongly occur "in the text after
3520	'opened his belly'.
3521	2 9th~: = 'sun' is probably due, as Zotenberg conjectures, to a misreading
3522	on the part of the Ethiopic translator of the Arabic transcription of ilaTpov, i. e.
3523	~"';as~.
3524	8 Cf. John Mal. 267: CM-on. Pasch. 250-1.
p. 71
3525	54
3526	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
3527	LXXI. II
3528	temple and by their mad act had profaned it, though they said:
3529	c vVe are guiltless and our temple is not profaned.'
3530	11. And after
3531	this [there arose a tumult and] they agreed upon Nerva and made
3532	him emperor. Now he was the commander-in-chief of the army, an
3533	old m:-m, vcry excellent, humane, and wise.
3534	12. And forthwith he
3535	sent to the sweet-tongued S. John and had him brought back from
3536	his place of exile to the city of Ephesus, where he died in goodly
3537	peace. And where his holy body is buried is not known save to our
3538	Lord Jesus Christ-unto whom be praise. 13. Now this emperor was
3539	a good man and he established good laws, and moreover he put an
3540	end among men to the custom which prevailed of buffet for buffet
3541	and blow for blow. And whilst he was engaged in this legislation
3542	the emperor died aged t forty-fourt 1 years after a reign of one.
3543	CHAPTER LXXII.
3544	1. And after the good emperor N erva died,
3545	Trajan became emperor, who was much addicted to the worship of
3546	idols.
3547	2. He was the third of those who persecuted the Christians.
3548	And there \vere many martyrs in every place who were put to
3549	severe tortures.
3550	3. And furthermore the saint of God, Ignatius
3551	the patriarch of Antioch, who was appointed after Peter, the chief
3552	of the apostles, was brought by his orders in chains to Rome and
3553	delivered to a lion.
3554	4. And next he seized (five Christian women
3555	of Antioch) 2 and interrogated them and said unto them: (Whom
3556	do ye worship, and in whom do ye trust that ye run with such
3557	haste to death?'
3558	5. They answered and said, eWe shall die for
3559	the sake of Christ, who will give us eternal life and deliver us from
3560	this body of corruption.'
3561	6. And he was filled with wrath.; for he
3562	was a heathen and was averse to the revelation of the doctrine
3563	of the resurrection.
3564	And he commanded the bodies of the holy
3565	women to be cast into the fire.
3566	7. And he ordered the earth on
3567	which the bodies of the holy women had fallen to be gathered and
3568	t added to the brass which he~tted the public bath t 3 which he had
3569	built in his own name.
3570	8. And it came to pass afterwards that
3571	when anyone went to wash in that bath that a vapour arose, and
3572	1 This is corrupt. John Mal. 268 gives seventy-one years as his age.
3573	Nerva
3574	died at the :1ge of sixty-foUl'.
3575	2 Restored from John Mal. 276.
3576	3 Text corrupt. Cf. John Mal. 276 TOV XOVV TWV D(JTEQJV aVTwv (JvvEfll[e XaA/Co/,
3577	/Cat E7ToL1we TOV XaA/cov els & E7To(1)6e OTJfl6(JIOV xaAlda TOU eepflov. That is, he mingled
3578	the ashes of their bones in the brass out of which the brazen vessels of the public
3579	bath were made.
p. 72
3580	LXXII. T9
3581	BISHOP OF NIKIU
3582	55
3583	when he smelt that vapour he was overpowered by it and had to be
3584	borne out.
3585	And all who saw it marvelled thereat.
3586	Therefore the
3587	Christians mocked the heathen and gloried in Christ and praised
3588	Him together with his Saints.
3589	9. And when Trajan was apprised
3590	of this phenomenon, he t changed those who heated the bath t 1
3591	and removed the vessels of brass with which were mingled the
3592	ashes of the holy women, and he placed their ashes in five brazen
3593	pillars and set them up in that bath.
3594	10. But he was on the watch
3595	to pour contempt on the martyrs, saying: t (They belonged neither
3596	to me nor to their god, but they have died foolishly.' tIlL And
3597	at that time his daughter Drusis and J unia the daughter of the
3598	patrician Filasanrun underwent martyrdom.
3599	And many other
3600	virgins likewise underwent martyrdom by fire through this un-
3601	believer.
3602	12. And during Trajan's stay in Antioch, the earth was
3603	troubled and quaked in the night owing to the wrath of God, for
3604	it had been polluted three times.
3605	13. And not only (in) Antioch,
3606	but also on the island of Rhodes was there a similar earthquake
3607	after cockcrow.
3608	14. And the Jews who were in the city of Alexandria and in the
3609	province of Cyrene assembled and chose a leader named Lucuas 2 to
3610	be their king.
3611	15. And when Trajan was informed and apprised
3612	of this movement, he sent against t~em an officer named Marcus
3613	Turbo 2 with a numerous force, even a numerous army of horse and
3614	foot and also many troops in ships.
3615	16. And Trajan came to Egypt
3616	and built a fortress with a strong impregnable tower, and he
3617	brought water into it in abundance and he named it Babylon in
3618	Egypt.
3619	17. Nebuchadnezzar the king of the Magi and Persians
3620	was the first to build its foundations and to name it the fortress of
3621	13a.bylon.
3622	This was the epoch when he became its king by the
3623	ordinance of God, when he drove the Jews into exile after the
3624	destruction of .J erusa,lem, and also when they stoned to death
3625	a prophet of God at Thebes in Egypt, and added sin to sin.
3626	18. And N ebuchadnezzar came to Egypt with a numerous army
3627	and made a conquest of Egypt, because the Jews had revolted
3628	against him, and he named (the fortress) Babylon after the name
3629	of his own city.
3630	19. And Trajan moreover added some buildings
3631	to the fortress and other parts in it.
3632	And he dug also a small
3633	canal-sufficiently large to convey water from the Gihon to the city
3634	1 Probably corrupt.
3635	Cf. John Mal. 277.
3636	2 Cf. Euseu. Hist. iv. 2.
p. 73
3637	I
3638	56
3639	1'HE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
3640	LXXII. 20
3641	Clysma.
3642	And he put this water into connexion with the Red Sea,
3643	and he named this canal Trajan after his own name.
3644	20. And he
3645	built also a cita,del in 1\1 a1111f.
3646	And after all these achievements
3647	he fell ill and died in the twentieth year of his reign.
3648	CHAPTElt LXXIII. 1. And after Trajan [the first] Hadrian 1 his
3649	cousin became emperor in Rome.
3650	2. He built in upper Egypt a
3651	beautiful city and its appearance was very pleasing, and he named it
3652	Antinoe, that is, Bnsll1a. 3. And afterwards misguided men made him
3653	a god, for he was very rich.
3654	And he died by a distressing death.
3655	CHAPTER LXXIV.
3656	1. And after him Aelius Antoninus Pius
3657	became emperor.
3658	He was kind, courteous) and virtuous. And the
3659	Romans named him at first' the servant of God '.
3660	He was a just
3661	man throughout his reign. 2. The chroniclers report concerning him
3662	that he was the first to do justice and to put an end to the unjust
3663	practices which had prevailed among the Romans before his time.
3664	3. Previously they used to commit the injustice of confiscating for
3665	the benefit of the crown a moiety of the possessions of the rich on
3666	their death on the ground of the covenant which the fathers had
3667	made with their children. 2
3668	And his predecessors were not able to
3669	abolish this regulation.
3670	4. But he issued a prescript and put au
3671	end to it in order that every man should have control over his own
3672	property and should give it to whom he pleased. And he established
3673	also many other equitable measures and laws in conformity with
3674	justice.
3675	5. And next he went down into Egypt even to Alexandria,
3676	and he punished those who had wrought evil, and was gracious
3677	to those who had wrought good; for tenderness and graciousness
3678	and forbearance were implanted in him.
3679	6. And he built two gates
3680	in Alexandria on the west and on the east (of the city), and he
3681	named the eastern gate tHAwKry, and the western
3682	~EA'Y/VLaK~. 3
3683	7. And he built a place of pleasure with blocks of white stone
3684	in the city of Antioch and namecl it Amultlm.4
3685	And he trans ...
3686	portcc1 the stone from upper Egypt.
3687	8. And in all his cities he
3688	1 Text corrupt: = Trajan. Hence addition of the words' the first'.
3689	2 Cf. John Mal. 281.
3690	S Cf. John Mal. 280.
3691	4 The present form of the text misrepresents the facts, as we see from
3692	J oh n Mal. 280 EMWlI Of !Cai ElI ' AlITIOXEif} ••. E7Toi"7(J'E T~V 7TACt!CW(J'W T7j> 7TAaTEla>
3693	TWlI fleyaAwlI ffl/3VAWlI TWlI vrro T,!3r:p[ou ICTt(J'BElITWlI, /Cui 7Ta(J'17> o~ Tfj> 7T6AEW>, (J'TpciJ(J'ul;
3694	(av)T7'}V Ota flVAhov A[eOV ••• d.rro 6"7/3a1oo>.
3695	The facts shortly are: The emperot
3696	COllstructed a great street botween the two great porticoes (Efl!30AWlI, transliterated
3697	At11l1.hllll in our text) in Antiocb, and had this and the city paved with stones
3698	1Jrought from the Thcbaid.
p. 74
3699	LXXVI. 4
3700	BISHOP OF NIKIU
3701	57
3702	built baths and academies.
3703	9. And after this he returned with
3704	a numerous army to Rome and remained there for some time and
3705	died, aged seventy-seven years, in the twenty-third year of his
3706	reign.
3707	10. And he left his possessions to his son Marcus.
3708	And
3709	Marcus his son resembled his father in graciousness and virtues.
3710	And he did all that was lawful and just, and he died in the religion
3711	of his father.
3712	CHAPTER LXXV. 1. And after him the impious Decius, the enemy
3713	of God, became emperor.
3714	2. And he raised painful punishments
3715	against the Christians and established the law of the polluted
3716	heathen that search should be made for the Christians.
3717	And
3718	accordingly he shed the blood of many saints 1 in every quarter,
3719	even of those who worshipped the true God.
3720	3. And this abomi-
3721	nable Decius had many male and female lions brought from Africa;
3722	and also from the desert had many serpents and venomous beasts
3723	male and female and placed them t to the east of the city of
3724	Fllmuntl, of Arabia and Palestine t 2 to the fortress of Circesium
3725	in order to form a source of strength against the barbarians and rebels.
3726	CHAPTER LXXVI.
3727	1. And after him a man named A urelian
3728	became emperor.
3729	And immediately on his accession to the throne
3730	he rebuilt the walls of Rome, which had fallen into ruins, and finished
3731	them in a short time. 2. And he made all the inhabitants of Rome
3732	to work in order to accomplish· the building, while he diligently
3733	overlooked it himself without pride.
3734	3. And at that time he
3735	ordained a law that all the workmen should be registered and
3736	* that they should be named chief citizens S of the empire in
3737	honour of the emperor.
3738	4. And all this was done in consequence
3739	1 Zotenberg inserts here in the text a word needlessly and without authority.
3740	2 The original form of the text can be reconstructed from Chron. Pasch. 271
3741	b av;os ilEltlOS !3aUtAfVs 1ll'al'EV alTO TfjS ' AcppLlcfjs A€OllTaS cpo!3epovs 1(<<1 AWlllas, Kat
3742	a7rEAMEII Eis TO AlptTOII ' AllaToAfjs, a7rO 'Apa{3[us I(u1 ITaAatUTill?]s
3743	~())S TOU Ktpl(?]IJ'[OU
3744	I(aUTpOV, 7rpOS TO 7rOtfjO"at I'EIIEall~ ata TOVS (3ap{3apov') :'i.apal(TJ"OIJs.
3745	'Opo[())') aE a7rO Tfjs
3746	tT/pas At{3VTJS 11l'al'EII ~PlTeTa lo{36Au I(a1 cpo{3Epa dppfVO(}~AW, I(a1 a7rEAvO"EII Eis TO TfjS
3747	A1I'v7rTOV AiJ-ltTOII ata TOVS NOJ-laaus • • • {3ap!3apous.
3748	In the obelized phraso
3749	Filmunti is due to the translator taking ALJ-ltTOII as a proper noun.
3750	Hence we
3751	should restore here' on t.heconfines of the East, of Arabia and Palestine'. The
3752	Circesian camp was on the Euphrates. The lions were placed in its neighbour-
3753	hood, while the serpents were let loose on the confines of Egypt.
3754	S The text is corrupt here; it runs: 'and that one should name them, and he
3755	named them '.
3756	The sense is that all the artisans in the city were to be called
3757	Aureliani after the name of the Emperor.
3758	Cf .• Tohn Mal. 300 ElTO[TJO"E
3759	KfAEUO"LII rlla •• ol T~S 7rOAE())S 7rauTJs EPl'uO"TTJPtuI(ol Aup?]>..,allo( XPTJP,ar[(())O"IV.
3760	i '
3761	I'
p. 75
3762	58
3763	THE CHltONICLE OF JOHN
3764	LXXVI. 5
3765	of the labour he underwent in the building of the walls of the
3766	city.
3767	And this custom prevailed so among the Romans that it
3768	led to the registration of the peasants and artisans and sailors
3769	who sailed upon the sea.
3770	5. And all the workmen Aurelian named
3771	, Aurelians) after t,he emperor's name) and he had them registered
3772	in the register of clfwan, that is) dabdabe.
3773	And this institution has
3774	prevailed to the present.
3775	CHAPTER LXXVII. 1. And when Diocletian the Egyptian became
3776	emperor) the army turned to give its help to this impious man and
3777	l)ersecutor of the faithful and the most wicked of all men.
3778	2. But
3779	the city of Alexandria and Egypt declared against him and refused
3780	to submit to him.
3781	And he made himself strong to war against them
3782	with a numerous force and army and with his three colleagues in
3783	the empire, Maximian of a wicked stock) Constantius) and Maximian 1
3784	(Galerius).
3785	3. And he went down into Egypt and made it subject
3786	to him, and as for the city of Alexandria he destroyed it.
3787	4. Now
3788	he built a fort on the east of the city and lay encamped there for
3789	a long time; for he was not able Py these means to capture the city
3790	and bring it into his power.
3791	5. And after a long time some people
3792	of the city came to him and showed him a means of ingress whereby
3793	he could enter.
3794	And so with much toil and trouble he stormed the
3795	city and he had with him an innumerable army.
3796	6. And in the
3797	city also many thousand troops were assembled by reason of the war
3798	that was waged amongst them.
3799	And Diocletian s~t fire to the city
3800	and burnt it completely, and he established his authority over it.
3801	7. And he was an idolater and offered sacrifices to impure demons
3802	and persecuted the Christians.
3803	He was indced like a brute beast.
3804	8. And he hated all good men and he resisted God j for all the
3805	power of Rome was in his hand.
3806	9. And he put to death all
3807	the pastors) priests and monks, men) women and little children,
3808	and by the hands of his flesh-devouring agents whom he had
3809	appointed in every place, he shed without mercy or compassion
3810	the blood of innumerable saints.
3811	10. And he destroyed churches
3812	and burnt with fire the Scriptures inspired by God.
3813	It was
3814	a persecntion of all the Christians extending over nineteen years,
3815	beginning with the time of his accession to power and his conquest
3816	of the land of Egypt.
3817	11. And at this time he sent men of
3818	1 Text wrongly reads Maximin here and in 77 25, but rightly on 7775• Text
3819	has to be corrected in 7747, 48, 73, 74, 8S, 88, 92.
p. 76
3820	LXXVII. 22
3821	BISHOP OF NIKIU
3822	59
3823	Alexandria to cut off the head of the holy father Patriarch Peter,
3824	the last of the martyrs. 12. And he put to deat.h all the bishops of
3825	Egypt whom he found aUached to the orthodox faith and a pure
3826	course of life, till (at last) everyone believed him to be the Antichrist,
3827	who had come to destroy all the world; for he was the home of
3828	evil and the lurking-place of wrong.
3829	13. And his colleagues were
3830	like him in action and character, and these were Maximian, who
3831	had perpetrated many crimes, for his sovereignty was derived from
3832	him (i. e. Diocletian), and Maximian the second, whose empire was
3833	in the east. He resembled a treacherous beast, and was an enemy of
3834	God and the perpetrator of abominable crimes. 14. But Constantius,
3835	who was associated with him in the empire in Asia, had not com-
3836	mitted any crimes, -but he loved men and treated them kindly.
3837	15. And he made also a proclamation by the voice of a herald to
3838	the Christians in all places under his sway that they should do the
3839	commands of the Lord, the one true God. 16. And furthermore he
3840	commanded that neither should violence be done to them nor
3841	persecution be stirred up against t,hem, nor their property be
3842	plundered nor any evil inflicted upon them. 17. And he commanded
3843	likewise that no hindrance should be put to their worship in t,heir
3844	holy churches in order that they might pray on behalf of him and
3845	his empire.
3846	] 8. And in the third year after the close of the
3847	persecution which he had instituted against the Christians, the
3848	impious Diocletian in the midst of such enterprises fell sick of
3849	a grievous bodily disease and lost his mind and reason.
3850	19. And
3851	in consequence thereof he was deposed and in accordance with a
3852	decree of the Roman senate sent in exile to the island named
3853	Waros, in which there were great forests, and it lay in the west.
3854	And he remained there alone.
3855	20. And in that island there were
3856	some believers who had survived; these supplied him with daily
3857	food sufficient to sustain his body.
3858	And whilst he pursued this
3859	course of life in solitude, his reason returned to him, and he
3860	became ambitious (again) of empire, and besought the army and
3861	the Senate to come and take him from the fortress (where he
3862	was) and make him emperor as before.
3863	21. But the officers, the
3864	army and senate refused, saying: "rhis man, who has lost his
3865	reason and mind, whom also we have deposed, we will not receive
3866	back again.
3867	22. And in consequence of this refusal this enemy
3868	of God and of the holy saints was deeply grieved and was not
3869	i
3870	ii
3871	;\
3872	!I
3873	I1
3874	11
3875	I1
3876	I1
3877	li
3878	1\ i I
3879	I:
3880	~ !
3881	I
3882	~
3883	1
3884	i
3885	I
p. 77
3886	: \
3887	;
3888	60
3889	rrHE CI-InONICLE OP JOHN
3890	LXXVII. 23
3891	able to accomplish his desire.
3892	He wept and his eyes shed tears
3893	in abundance now that misfortune surrounded him on every side.
3894	And he lost his reason to a very great degree and became blind
3895	and his vigour departed and he died.
3896	23. And l\1aximian, persistent in evil deeds, wrought many
3897	enchantments on Diocletian, and he was addicted to abominable
3898	practices and to the invocations of demons j and he cut open the
3899	wombs of pregnant women and sacrificed men and women to
3900	impure demons.
3901	24. And in the midst of such actions he was
3902	strangled and died in the second year after his father's death, and
3903	his end came about not by the hands of others but by his own.
3904	25. And the impious l\1:aximian (Galerius) also ceased not to
3905	perpetrate the same crimes as Diocletian: yea he perpetrated (them)
3906	in the east, in Africa, and in the great city of Alexandria and in
3907	Egypt and in Pentapolis.
3908	26. And he put to death without mercy
3909	the holy martyrs: some he cast into the sea, others he gave to wild
3910	beasts, others to the edge of the sword, and others to be burnt in
3911	the fire.
3912	And he destroyed churches, and burnt with fire the
3913	holy Scriptures and restored the temples of the gods which were in
3914	)'lUllS.
3915	27. And he had no compassion on the women with child,
3916	but ripped open their wombs and drew forth the babes and sacrificed
3917	them to impure demons.
3918	And he compelled many to worship idols.
3919	28. And no more did he escape the wrath of God; for by the
3920	command of God a severe cough settled in his chest, he began
3921	to fail in health, his intestines became ulcerated, deadly worms
3922	were generated and the odour that emanated from him became
3923	fetid, so that one could not come near him.
3924	29. And when he
3925	fell into this severe affliction and great tribulation, he despaired
3926	of lire and round no solace in his grievous disease.
3927	And after-
3928	wards he recognized and learnt that his malady had befallen him
3929	through Cbrist the true God because he had affiicted the Christians.
3930	30. And when he had wisely collected his inner thoughts together,
3931	he commanded his appointed officials to put an end to the persecution
3932	or the Christians.
3933	And when he bad done this act of humanity,
3934	the malady which God had inflicted on him departed from him,
3935	and be was restored to health.
3936	31. And he continued (to enjoy
3937	health) for six months after his repentance for his sin, but again he
3938	took thought to organize a persecution of the Christians, and he
3939	forgat Him who had healed him of his grievous disease, (even)
p. 78
3940	LXXVII. 39
3941	BISHOP OF NIKIU
3942	61
3943	Jesus Christ our Lord and Saviour.
3944	32. And again he bpgan to slay
3945	the Christians, and he set up new gods in the great city of Antioch,
3946	and he gave himself to dealings with demons and the enchant-
3947	ments which he used to practise.
3948	33. But forthwith war stirred up
3949	against him in Armenia and there arose likewise a severe famine in
3950	every province of his empire.
3951	And the fields yielded no produce
3952	and nothing was to be found in the granaries, and the people fell
3953	down and died through want of food.
3954	34. And the rich became
3955	poor; for the people or t Abr8Jdst had quickly plundered them.
3956	And all men wept and lamented bitterly, and they died and
3957	found none to bury them.
3958	35. And the idolaters who lived in the
3959	west were full of lamentation and grief because of their loss of
3960	Diocletian and his son Maximian.
3961	36. And (Maximian) sent to them his son IVlaxentius, who estab-
3962	lished a high reputation for himself in that place.
3963	For this son of
3964	the impious (Maximian) was on the watch to ruin them, but, being
3965	.treacherous, to begin with he sought to please all the inhabitants of
3966	Rome.1
3967	37. And he honoured our Faith, and he gave orders (to his
3968	subjects) to cease from 2 persecuting the Christians, and he fashioned
3969	himself after the likene~s of the worshippers of Christ.
3970	And he
3971	began to exhibit a greater love for mankind than any of his prede-
3972	cessors that were like him. 38. But after a short time his treachery
3973	discovered ~tself, and so, just as his fathers, he became like a wolf
3974	in his lair.
3975	And he wrought in its fullness the treachery of his
3976	fathers and disclosed his secret vices, and committed every abomina-
3977	tion and impurity.
3978	And he became fierce and left no form of
3979	impurity and licent.iousness un accomplished : and he perpetrated
3980	every kind of debauchery and abused every man) and even legally
3981	married women who had husbands he lay with [in public], not in
3982	secret but openly, and thereupon sent them back to their husbands.
3983	39. And further he was not willing to let them rest from the
3984	oppression which they exercised upon them by his command.
3985	And
3986	he also seized under many pretexts the property of the rich and from
3987	such as had nothing to give he took whatever he found in their
3988	possession, and he put many thousands to death for the sake of
3989	1 Cf. Euseb., Hist. viii. 14, on which verses 36 sqq. appear to be based.
3990	2 The text has here .ei'f1t\(\<: = 'to mitigate', 'relllx', a possible meaning of
3991	aVELval, but not the right one in this context.
3992	Cf. Euseb. Hist. viii. 14 aVELvul
3993	71pOaTaTTft fJtw')'f'6v.
p. 79
3994	I
3995	I1
3996	62
3997	rrHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
3998	LXXVII. 40
3999	their property.
4000	40. But one cannot give a complete account of the
4001	deeds perpetrated by this impious man.
4002	But the people of the city
4003	of Rome were helpless in what they did; for he treated them
4004	contrary to the customs of their city.
4005	41. But Constantius was a servant of God, of good report, who
4006	accompEshed his course in wisdom and prudence, being beloved and
4007	virtuous.
4008	All manner of men made prayers and supplications on
4009	his behalf, the nobles and people and army.
4010	42. It was he that
4011	built the city of Byzantium and he pursued the good path in
4012	uprightness.
4013	Then he fell asleep and went to God, leaving his
4014	illustrious son, Constantine, the beloved of God, glorious and
4015	resplendent in righteousness, whom he appointed empe'ror to bear
4016	rule in his stead.
4017	43. And this glorious (and) blessed worshipper
4018	of the Trinity wrought the will of God always.
4019	And he loved all
4020	the subjects of his empire and he did good unto all, and he accom-
4021	plished all the days of his sovereignty in modesty and firmness and
4022	integrity, and he became great before God who liveth for ever.
4023	44. And the army and all the people blessed him, for he was
4024	zealous with a goodly zeal for God.
4025	And there were revealed in
4026	his days light and Christian wisdom, powerful and true, and
4027	charit,y and tolerance. 45. And he rejected absolutely every charge
4028	of the informer,l and yet he made, without exerting any violence,
4029	all who were subject to his sway, servants of God.
4030	Moreover he
4031	could not endure to leave (as they were) the churches which had
4032	been cast down, and so he rebuilt them.
4033	Nor did he permit any
4034	obstacle to withstand the holy Christian worship of God whereby
4035	he had been consecrated to be emperor (endowed) with goodness
4036	and modesty.
4037	46. And he took Licinius his sister Constantia's
4038	husband to be his colleague in the government of Rome, who
4039	was wanting in none of the virtues of Constant,ine the upright
4040	emperor; for he had made him swear a great and terrible oath
4041	that he wou1d do justice and transgress in no respect against
4042	our Lord Jesus Christ or against His servants.
4043	47. And at that
4044	time there came from the ea,st the impious Maximin, the adversary
4045	of God and slave of Satan.
4046	For he had usurped the empire of
4047	the east as its sole ruler, and he plotted to put to death the
4048	1 So Zotenbol'g renders, and perhaps rightly, but this meaning is unknown
4049	to classical Ethiopic, according to which it should be rendered-' apostate',
4050	'heretic', &c.
p. 80
4051	LXXVII. 57
4052	BISHOP OP NIKIU
4053	63·
4054	upright emperor Constantine and refused to execute the sealed
4055	rescript from 1 Constantine.
4056	48. Por he levied war on all the cities
4057	and provinces under the sway (of Licinius as far as) the city of
4058	Constantinople, but he was not able to make himself master of them.
4059	And both the godly Constantine and Licinius his sister's husband
4060	made preparations to war against these rebels.
4061	Constantine
4062	went to war against Maxentius who was in Rome, and Licinius
4063	went to war against the impious Maximin in the east.
4064	49. And
4065	when Maxentius heard of the approach of Constalltine the servant
4066	of God, he proceeded by ship and entered the river of Italy
4067	which flows by the city of Rome and built a bridge on a secure
4068	structure for the passage of the combatants, and of bis follower8,
4069	and of the augurs who announced to him the oracles of Satan.
4070	50. He knew not indeed that the godly Constantine had the help
4071	of Christ.
4072	And when the impious Maxentius and all his people
4073	had crossed the river of Italy, the cavalry that were posted on
4074	the bridge came to meet him before the arrival of the Godloving
4075	Constantine.
4076	51. And when Constantine arrived, he took his
4077	position at a distance and did not enter the battle but waited to
4078	see the manifestation of the help of God.
4079	And the enemy indeed
4080	grew strong and powerful.
4081	52. And while Constantine was so
4082	engaged, he lay down and fell asleep, grieved and sad at heart.
4083	And he saw a vision in the form of the holy cross in the heaven
4084	and there was written thereon this inscription: 'By this sign of
4085	the cross thou shalt conquer.'
4086	53. And thereupon he arose hastily
4087	and began the battle and fought and won the victory over his
4088	adversaries; and not one of them remained, and he exterminated
4089	them all. 54. And those who were with Maxentius the commander-
4090	in-chief wished to escape and reach the city of Rome.
4091	But by the
4092	command of God the bridge was broken and they were all drowned
4093	in the depths.
4094	And there was joy in Rome that the impious were
4095	drowned.
4096	55. And the senate of Maxentius, and his nobles and his
4097	army and all the people and the peasants together with their babes
4098	took waxen torches and clad themselves in clean and white garments
4099	and went with musicians to meet the servant of God the emperor
4100	Constantine.
4101	56. And not only did the city of Rome rejoice but
4102	also all the cities and provinces and the city of Constantinople
4103	with them.
4104	57. And Constantine was not uplifted in his heart
4105	1 I have emended 10: == 'to' or 'with' into h.!fDtO: = 'from '.
p. 81
4106	64
4107	rrHE CHRONICLE OP JOHN
4108	LXXVII. fi8
4109	nor o.i<l he boast ot his glory and his triumph as other kings
4110	had done.
4111	He was, on the contrary) modest and humble of heart
4112	and gave the praise to God and extolled his Lord, the Lord of
4113	all, Jesus Christ, King of Kings, and Lord or Lords.
4114	58. And
4115	thereupon he entered the city of Rome in triumph, and aU the
4116	ltomans prostrated themselves before him) ano. as many as had
4117	survived the battle submitteo. th~mselves to his commands.
4118	And
4119	Constantine thereupon entereo. the palace) crowned with the diadem
4120	of victory.
4121	59. And he made known to all men the miracle with
4122	which he had been favoured and the victory which he had won
4123	through the vision which he had seen in the heaven in the form
4124	of the holy cross.
4125	And when they heard this recital all men
4126	exclaimed: 'Great is the God of the Christians who has delivered
4127	us and our city from the hano.s of the impious.'
4128	60. And
4129	Constantine thereupon o1'<.lereo. the temples to be closed and the
4130	o.oors of the churches to be opened, not only in Rome but in every
4131	city,
4132	And S. Sylvester the patriarch of Rome gave him many
4133	excellent admonitions ano. instructed him in the pure faith.
4134	61. And afterwaro.s he went to war against the cities of Persia
4135	and he conquered them.
4136	And when he had conquered them, he
4137	t established them in peace and confirmed to them presents together
4138	with a horn t [which they used to blow for the king].l
4139	62. And
4140	he received with kindness aU the Christians who were there.
4141	And he removeo. the city magistrates and all the officials and replaced
4142	them with Christians.
4143	And he built beautiful churches in all the
4144	cities and villages.
4145	63. Furthermore he sent his mother the God-
4146	loving empress Helcna to search in the holy .Jerusalem for the wood
4147	of the glorious cross on which was crucified our Lord and Saviour
4148	Jesus Christ-Praise be unto Him.
4149	64. It was in the days of the
4150	blessed father t Ailimunt, bishop of Jerusalem.
4151	65. And he built
4152	also the holy edifice of the Itesurrection in glorious fashion and
4153	restored the buildings of Jerusalem so that they were finer than
4154	lOur text here deals with the same subject as John Mal. 317 "al hr€O'Tp&.-
4155	TEV(1'€ "aTa I1€pawv "at EJlI/c1WEV "at ETTOI1']aE rra"Ta
4156	€lp~Jl1']s pETa :Sapa/3&.pov, /3aO'(Alw,
4157	I1fpawv.
4158	Here the Arabic translator read PETll :Sapa/3apov as pETllaapa/3apa'i, i. e.
4159	, with a horn'.
4160	:Sapa/3apo'i is otherwise known as Sap or. The words' which
4161	they used to blow for the king' is an explanatory gloss.
4162	Hence we should
4163	probably read 'made peace with Sarabaros and confirmed it to them by
4164	presents', i. e.
4165	lil0l:
4166	(Il\av: yollt\: lIl0Cll: cDliR'lO: 'lOlblf(l1>4:
4167	"L\YOilYO'):
p. 82
4168	I,XXVII. 77
4169	BISHOP OF NIKIU
4170	65
4171	·they had been at first, and so it has continued to the present.
4172	66. And the emperor Constantine also built a church of great
4173	magnificence and beauty in Byzantium.
4174	And its proportions were
4175	not small but very lofty.
4176	67. And when he had completed the
4177	building of the city, he named it Constantinople after his own
4178	name; for previously it had been named Byzantium.
4179	68. And
4180	he liked to reside therein, and he made it a habitation of Christ.
4181	69. And he gathered also the sacred Scriptures and placed them in
4182	the churches. 70. And next he assembled three hundred and eighteen
4183	. saints in the city of Nicaea and established the orthodox faith.
4184	It is impossible to enumerate the good actions he accomplished.
4185	71. Amongst the most notable officials (of the empire) there was
4186	one named Ablawijus, a Christian (who) laboured zealously to
4187	discover the glorious cross on which our Lord and Saviour Jesus
4188	Christ was crucified-Praise be to Him. 72. And the three hundred
4189	and eighteen whom he assembled at Nicaea honoured the emperor
4190	Constantine, the servant of God, and his mother the Godloving
4191	empress Helena, and raised to them a worthy memorial and recounted
4192	their glory from beginning to end.
4193	73. And Licinius who took over the empire of the east] set out to
4194	war against the impious Maximin. And this perverse wicked (man)
4195	learnt that he was marching to war against him and (was apprised
4196	of) the overthrow of Maxentius and his defeat by the godly emperor
4197	Constantine, and he sought for peace from Licinius.
4198	74. And
4199	I.-icinius sent to Constantine saying: 'Maximin seeks for peace and
4200	offers to accept the glorious and pure Christian faith and forsakes
4201	his errors and concludes a treaty with me.'
4202	And Constantine sent
4203	the reply that they should accept his proposals. 75. Then Maximin,
4204	concealing in his heart his evil treachery, sent !'escripts to all the
4205	officials under his sway, forbidding them to disquiet the Christian.
4206	76. And when the rescripts reached the officials they knew that this
4207	policy was not in conformity with his wishes but only with the
4208	faith of his superiors.
4209	And for this reason none accorded to him
4210	honour, anywhere, because of the evil he had previously done to the
4211	saints.
4212	77. Now the emperor Constantine never prevented the chief
4213	Christians from holding synods or building churches, but he
4214	1 The grammar of the verse is impossible.
4215	I have omitted {lO: before
4216	'set out '.
4217	F
p. 83
4218	66
4219	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
4220	I,XXVII·78
4221	observed carefully the Christian faith and shunned the worship
4222	of idols.
4223	And thus he commanded and gave instruction to all
4224	that the churches should be left in peace, and he battled on behalf
4225	of the orthodox faith.
4226	78. There was a man named Gelasinus of the village of Mariamme,
4227	which is near to Damascus, about one mile distant.
4228	And he lived in
4229	the midst of a large population who were devoted to the worship
4230	of idols and dwelt in the city of Heliopolis in Lebanon.
4231	79. And
4232	at that time they were assembled in a theatre, and they had brought
4233	actors with them.
4234	They put cold water into a large brazen vessel
4235	and thus began to mock all who came to the holy baptism of the
4236	Christians.
4237	80. And one of these actors went down into the water
4238	and was baptized, and when he came out of the water they clothed
4239	him in a white garment; for till this incident he had been an
4240	actor, but after he came forth from the water he refused to pursue
4241	the avocations of an actor or to play the mimic again, and said:
4242	(I wish to die in the Christian religion on behalf of Christ' j and
4243	added: (I saw a great miracle while I made a mock of holy
4244	baptism '.
4245	81. And when he had gone but a little way from the
4246	place of that water, all who were there were filled with wrath and
4247	inuignatioll; for they were worshippers of idols.
4248	82. And they
4249	went down from the theatre and seized that holy man and stoned
4250	him.
4251	And he received the crown of martyrdom which fadeth not
4252	away, and he was enrolled with the holy martyrs. And his relatives
4253	came with many Christians and took his body and buried it in the
4254	village and built a church over the place where his body was
4255	buried.
4256	Now the man's name was Gelasinus.l
4257	May God have
4258	mercy on us through his intercessions.
4259	83. Now the impure Maximin did not forsake his wicked errors
4260	and he was not possessed by the power of righteousness which had
4261	I
4262	been acquired from God by the Godloving emperors, who pursued
4263	, .
4264	a good course through life in knowledge and in understanding.
4265	84. But this perverse man resolved to make war on the Christ-
4266	loving emperors; for he was possessed by a demon that infuriated
4267	him.
4268	And as he had lost his former unlimited authority, he could
4269	no longer choose for himself those most agreeable or suitable to
4270	him.
4271	85. And in bis pride and stiffneckedness he began to violate
4272	the treaty he had made with Licinius. t And he exerted himself
4273	1 CL John Mal. 314 sq.; Chron. Pasch. 275 sq.
p. 84
4274	LXXVII. 93
4275	BISHOP OF NIKIU
4276	67
4277	to execute deeds which should issue in his destruction through
4278	fear t, and he changed his mind and stirred up all men and threw
4279	all the cities into confusion and the officials under his sway.
4280	86. And he mustered many thousands to war against the Gou-
4281	loving emperors and he trusted in the demons from whom he
4282	received instruction.
4283	87. But from the moment he began to war
4284	the help of God was withdrawn from him, and Licinius conquered
4285	him and slew all the soldiers in whom he trusted and the officers.
4286	And all the remaining troops betook themselves to Licinius and
4287	cast themselves at his feet.
4288	88. And when Maximin saw this he
4289	fled in fear; for he was dispirited, and he quitted shamefully the
4290	field of battle and came to his own province.
4291	And he was full of
4292	wrath and indignation against the idolatrous priests and lying
4293	prophets, and augurs, for they had persuaded him through favourable
4294	counsels.
4295	89. And for this reason he slew them in whom he had
4296	(formerly) boasted himself, and whom he had made gods.
4297	Then
4298	it was that he learnt for himself that they were impostors and
4299	powerless to give aid in war.
4300	And he renounced the demons who
4301	had instructed him with counsel, and he slew the magicians who
4302	wrought evil.
4303	But he had no zeal for the salvation of his soul: he
4304	was feeble, and praised not the God of the Christians, and he refusecl
4305	wholly to accept the law and its blessings.
4306	90. And Licinius gave
4307	orders to carry on the war against those who remained in the tenth
4308	year after the persecution of the Christians, wherein Diocletian, the
4309	father (of Maximin), the adversary of God, had persecuted them.
4310	During all this length of days (Maximin) had not repented with
4311	a genuine repentance nor truly hoped for salvation.
4312	91. And after
4313	his flight from the field of battle, he suffered from disease of the
4314	heart, and grew weak from a grievous disease which came upon
4315	him from God.
4316	And his flesh was devoured through the fire of
4317	the disease, and this fire burned in his belly, and his appearance was
4318	altered and his limbs wasted away, and his intestines were con-
4319	sumed, and his bones became prominent and finally his eyes feU
4320	out.
4321	And in the midst of all this affliction, his soul left his body.
4322	92. It is thus the three adversaries of God, Diocletian and his two
4323	sons, perished. But before he died the impious Maximin recognized
4324	that all this had befal1en him because of his rebellion against
4325	Christ and the evils which he had inflicted on the Christian saints.
4326	93. And in those days Licinius took possession of the east and
4327	I" 2
p. 85
4328	68
4329	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
4330	LXXVII. 94
4331	exercised authority over it and the adjoining provinces.
4332	And the
4333	church dwelt in tranquillity and peace, and he restored again its
4334	edifices and the church was lighted with the light of Christ.
4335	94. But again thereafter Satan, the evil-doer, who is ever seeking
4336	to seduce all the faithful as a devouring lion, which is treacherous
4337	and cunning, seduced Licinius also and made him forget his
4338	honourable deeds of aforetime, and he inclined towards doing the
4339	actions of those whose eyes have been blinded, and he was zealous
4340	to follow their evil way, and his heart was not glad as before.
4341	,95. Formerly he had not been estranged from the emperor Con-
4342	stantine, but afterwards he forgot the covenant and the oath which
4343	had been made between them, and he took evil counsel against the
4344	great emperor Constantine to slay him.
4345	But Christ, the true
4346	God, foiled the plots of Licinius.
4347	96. Formerly, indeed, he had
4348	honoured and praised Jesus Christ; but when he denieu Him He
4349	delivered him over to a cruel death, refusing him forgiveness
4350	because of the shameful deeds that he had done.
4351	97. And Licinius
4352	began to persecute the Christians and to levy war upon the God-
4353	loving Constantine as his impious predecessors had done, whose
4354	memorial bad been blotted out by the Lonl.
4355	98. And he began
4356	also to demolish and close the churches and to put to death the
4357	holy believers.
4358	And as for the soldiers who were strong in the
4359	Christian faith, he degraded them, and subjected the rich to
4360	tortures'!
4361	99. And he appointed agents in every city and village
4362	to put a stop to the holy, that is, the Christian worship of God,
4363	lest prayers should be offered up for the faithful emperor Constan-
4364	tine.
4365	And he turned them from the worship of God to that of
4366	demons.
4367	And he wrought very many evil acts.
4368	100. But Con,..
4369	stantine did not cease to praise and worship the one true Lord
4370	God. And together with Crispus, whom he had appointed Caesar,
4371	a strong man, kindly disposed to men and faithful to God, he
4372	assembled a strong army, and they went forth to war against the
4373	adversaries of God, under the guidance of our Lord and Saviour
4374	Jesus Chri8t, with invincible powers.
4375	101. And though Licinius
4376	was his brother-in-law, Constantine had no mercy upon him, but he
4377	was firm on behalf of the holy faith which that rebel had forsaken,
4378	turning to demons.
4379	And for this reason he went against him
4380	lOur author seems to have had Euseb. IIist. x. 8, or an equivalent source
4381	before him when writing this section regarding the apostasy of Licinius.
p. 86
4382	BISHOP OF NIKIU
4383	69
4384	speedily armed with punishment, and he laid low him and all his
4385	army and exterminated them with a terrible and bitter death.
4386	102. And all these happenings had come upon I.Jicinius because
4387	he had denied Christ and had violated the oath and the covenant
4388	which he had made with Constantine.
4389	103. And thereupon he
4390	took possession of the empire of Licinius and made it one with
4391	his own: yea, he took possession of the empires of the east and of
4392	the west and of the south and of the north.
4393	And they all came
4394	under his authority, and he established universal peace and was at
4395	one with all men and blessed by all men, and he duly made strong
4396	an the frontiers of the empire till his adversaries submitted to his
4397	authority through the might of our Lord Jesus Christ the son of
4398	the true Lord God.
4399	104. And he made his two sons emperors,
4400	Constantius and Constans, with honour and majesty.
4401	Then he fell
4402	asleep without regret or trouble; for our Lord Jesus Christ, the
4403	true God, protected his empire to the third generation.
4404	105. And
4405	the blessed Constans resembled his father, and he walked in the
4406	right way and accomplished all his days virtuously.
4407	106. And after his death the people of Yemen received the
4408	knowledge of God, and were illuminated with the light of the praise
4409	of our Lord Jesus Christ-praise be unto Him-by means of a holy
4410	woman named Theognosta.
4411	107. Now she was a Christian virgin
4412	who had been carried off captive from a convent on the borders of
4413	the Roman empire and had been conducted to the king of Yemen
4414	and pres~nted to him as a gift.
4415	108. And this Christian woman
4416	became very rich through the grace of God and wrought many
4417	healings.
4418	An,d she brought over the l{ing of India to the faith,
4419	and he became a Christian through her agency as well as all the
4420	people of India.,
4421	109. Then the king of India and his subjects
4422	requested the Godloving emperor Honorius to appoint them a
4423	bishop.
4424	110, And he rejoiced with great joy because they had
4425	embraced the faith and turned to God, and he appointed them a
4426	holy bishop, named Theonius, who admonished them and instructed
4427	them and strengthened them in the faith of Christ our God till
4428	they were worthy to receive baptism which is the second birth
4429	through the prayers of the holy virgin Theognosta. Ill. Glory
4430	be unto our Lord Jesus Christ who alone worketh marvels and
4431	bestoweth goodly gifts on those who trust in Him.
4432	And so it was
4433	also in India, that is) the great India.
4434	For the men of that country
p. 87
4435	70
4436	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
4437	LXXVII. tU
4438	had formerly received a man named Afrudit (i. e. Frumentius).l
4439	He was of noble birth of the country of India and they had made
4440	him their bishop, having been instituted and ordained by Athanasius
4441	the apostolic, the patriarch of Alexandria.
4442	112. Now (Arrudit)
4443	had told him concerning the grace which they had received through
4444	the Uoly Spirit and the manner in which they had found the
4445	salvation of their souls through the grace of holy baptism and were
4446	made worthy of this gift.
4447	113. As for the Christ-loving emperor Constantine, there was
4448	with him always a bright angel of God which at all times directed
4449	and instructed him in the will of God until the memorable day of
4450	his death.
4451	And he waked him also from his bed for prayer every
4452	day.
4453	And he was visible to him alone or the emperors.
4454	114. And
4455	as he beheld visions in the heaven he feU asleep after a pure life:
4456	he was an oblation to God, and he went to his rest, in heaven.
4457	CHAPTER LXXVIII. 1. And these are the names or the sons of the
4458	O'reat emperor COllstantine, Constantius, Constans, and Constantine.
4459	~
4460	.
4461	And they divided the empire of their rather into three parts which
4462	they assigned by lot.
4463	2. And to Constantius there fell by lot the
4464	province 01 Asia and he became emperor over it. And to Constantine
4465	(there fell) Constantinople, and he seated himself on the throne of
4466	his father.
4467	And Constans became emperor over Rome, the great
4468	city of Rome. 3. But feuds arose between Constans and Constantine
4469	in regard to the empire and their subjects, and they warred against
4470	each other, and Constantine died in battle.
4471	4. And thereaftel'
4472	Constans) the younger of the two, resided in Rome only, but
4473	Constantius reigned in Byzantium, that is, Constantinople.
4474	5. And
4475	Arius appeared in his days and he at,tached himself to his doctrine
4476	and became an Arian.
4477	And in consequence of this (heresy)
4478	Sapor-Arsekius,2 king of Persia, attacked the Roman empire, and
4479	there was much bloodshed between them.
4480	6. And afterwards they
4481	were reconciled and there was peace and tranquillity and love
4482	between Rome and Persia.
4483	7. And on his way back to Byzantium
4484	Constantius built a bridge strongly constructed over the river
4485	named Pyramus in Cilicia.
4486	8. And in his days, moreover, the city
4487	of Nicaea, the chief of cities of our three hundred and eighteen
4488	}-'athers, was overthrown by a great earthquake.
4489	And this fell out
4490	1 Cf. Socrates, Hist. Eccles. i. 19.
4491	2 Cf. John Mal. 325.
4492	The right designation is ~a:TTwp 'Aprra"TJs.
p. 88
4493	I'
4494	i
4495	LXXVIII. 17
4496	BISHOP OF NIKIU
4497	71
4498	through the will of God in order that the Arians should not assemble
4499	therein to corrupt the holy orthodox faith established by our holy
4500	Fathers, the three hundred and eighteen bishops, who assembled
4501	formerly in the days of Constantine-a festival of happy memory.
4502	And it was for this reason that the wrath of God prevented them.
4503	9. And afterwardg there appeared in heaven a sign, that is, the
4504	holy cross standing at midday over the holy placc where our
4505	Saviour Jesus Christ was crucified, before the arrival of Cyril,
4506	patriarch of Jerusalem, and other bishops who were with him.
4507	10. And Cyril thereupon and the bishops who were with him wrote
4508	a letter and sent it to the emperor Constans regarding the great
4509	marvel and the great sign which had appeared.
4510	11. Now the emperor Constans was zealous for the faith of his
4511	father, and he was earnestly devoted to the religion of God.
4512	And
4513	he resembled his brother who died in battle (and) admired him, but
4514	he hated his brother who ruled in Asia because he had not kept
4515	the faith of the Godloving Constantine, and promulgated many
4516	decrees against the apostolic Athanasius, th~ patriarch of Alexandria,
4517	and chased him from his bishopric in order to please the heretics,
4518	i. e. the Arians.
4519	12. The hatreds and differences that divided the
4520	two imperial brothers, Constantius and Constans, were very violent.
4521	And this hatred had arisen not only on account of the death of
4522	their brother, but also because of Athanasius the patriarch of
4523	Constantinople, and of Constantius's declension from the faith
4524	of his father and his unacceptableness to our Lord Jesus Christ.
4525	13. And on these grounds he strengthened (his) hatred against
4526	his brother.
4527	And whilst so engaged Constans died, having pleased
4528	God and cursed Constantius his brother because of his evil deeds.
4529	14. And after the death of Constans, the emperor Constantius
4530	sent an officer to slay Athanasius, the glorious Father, the head
4531	of the church.
4532	15. Heretofore Constans had protected him from
4533	the evil designs of his brother, and Constantius feared his brother
4534	and concealed his evil designs in his heart. 16. But after the death
4535	of his brother Constans, he disclosed all that was in his heart
4536	and sought to slay him.
4537	But the right hand of the Most High
4538	God protected him, and he took to flight and concealed himself
4539	and was saved from his hands.
4540	17. And the officer who was sent
4541	to the apostolic Athanasius raised a tumult against the Christians;
4542	for he belonged to the sect of Manes.
4543	And in those days it was
p. 89
4544	72
4545	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
4546	LXXVIII. 18
4547	not only the Arians who disquieted the church: the Manichaeans
4548	also were roused on a different principle, and stirred up a persecution
4549	of the Christians, and there was much disquiet and shedding of
4550	blood.
4551	18. And afterwards there arose against the city of Rome
4552	a powerful leader named Magnentius, and he usurped the imperial
4553	power tat the hour of sunsett 1 without the permission of Con-
4554	stantius.
4555	And he marched into Europe and gave battle to
4556	Constantius, and many were slain on both sides, and finally the
4557	mighty Magnentius was slain also.
4558	And Constantius won the day
4559	and made himself master of all the possessions of Magnentius.
4560	19. And after Constantius won the victory he did not praise God
4561	as had the Christian emperors who preceded him.
4562	In all his
4563	actions, on the contrary, he followed the guidance of the Arians.
4564	20. And later he assembled a council of heretical bishops in
4565	l\1ilan, that is in Italy, at the instigation of these heretics who
4566	had rejected the orthodox faith and denied the worship of the
4567	Holy Trinity.
4568	21. And he made them write a sentence of excom-
4569	munication against the apostolic Athanasius, the patriarch of
4570	Alexandria, and the bishops who followed him.
4571	22. And these are
4572	thc names of those who were exiled with the apostolic Athanasius :
4573	Liberius, patriarch of Rome, who was appointed after J ulius ;
4574	Paulinus,2 metropolitan of Gaul; Dionysius, metropolitan of Italy;
4575	and Lucifer,2 metropolitan of the island of Sardinia.
4576	And they
4577	made Auxentius the Arian bishop of the province of Italy.
4578	23. And (be sent into exile also) the aged and illustrious confessor
4579	Hosins,3 bishop of the west.
4580	24. And he made also the holy
4581	(Fathers) who had assembled in Nicaea to go forth, and exiled
4582	them from their bishoprics.
4583	And later, when the emperor Con-
4584	stantius was in Rome, illustrious women came in a body to him
4585	and besought him to recall Liberius the patriarch from exile.
4586	And the emperor brought him back to Rome.
4587	25. Now Ji-'elix
4588	was the minister of Liberius the patriarch who had come to terms
4589	with the Arians, and they made him patriarch after the expulsion
4590	1 As Zotenberg suggests, this is a mistaken rendering: he compares Socrates,
4591	Hist. Eccles. ii. 25 Ma)'Y~YTLoS 1TEP~ Ta
4592	~(JTr~Pta f/-EpTJ
4593	£7TE</>VTJ TVpavvos.
4594	We expect
4595	, imperial power of the west'.
4596	2 Paulinus and Lucifer are very corrupt in the text, owing to faulty trans-
4597	literations of the Arabic.
4598	Cf. Socrates, Hist. Eccles. ii. 36.
4599	S So Zotenberg conjectures. 'l'ext corrupt.
p. 90
4600	LXXYIII. 35
4601	BISHOP OF NIKIU
4602	73
4603	of his master. Bnt on the return of his master Liberius from exile,
4604	he (Felix) treated him with hauteur and dislike on account of his
4605	l'estoration.
4606	Then be, too, was exiled from Rome to a city of tbe
4607	west and obliged to reside there.
4608	26. And in those days Constantius sent GalIus, his tsister'st son,
4609	to the east by night.
4610	This (Gallus) had formerly fought against
4611	Magnentius and slain him, and was a Christian in all his ways.
4612	27. And after he had slain this powerful (rebel), he returned to
4613	Constantinople.
4614	Then Constantius appointed him emperor of
4615	. Rome and sent him to reside there.
4616	28. And after Gallus arrived
4617	, in Rome, his brother J ulian of evil name returned to Constantinople
4618	from the province of Bithynia to the emperor Constantius; for he
4619	had put to death many of his relations and feared lest they should
4620	calumniate him to the emperor.
4621	29. Now this Julian was a strong
4622	and powerful man. Formerly he had resided as reader in the church
4623	of Nicomedia, but he had been troubled with doubts regarding the
4624	Christian faith.
4625	30. And Gall us, who was emperor of Rome by
4626	the will of the emperor Constantius because he was his tson-in-lawt
4627	and because he was attached to him, lived but a few days longer
4628	and then died.
4629	31. Thereupon Julian gave up reading the holy
4630	Script-q,res, and betook himself to the protection of the troops
4631	and officers of Rome, and let the hair of his head grow long and
4632	became a great captain,
4633	32. And subsequently he was appointed
4634	emperor in Europe, according to the Christian custom, by the
4635	permission of the emperor Constantius.
4636	But he did not wait till
4637	they had placed on his head the imperial crown according to
4638	custom; but walked according to the misguidance of .augurs and
4639	the directions of magicians and became a servant of demons,
4640	and aspired to the proud position (of sole emperor) and began to
4641	make wa,r on the emperor Constantius.
4642	33. And when Constantius
4643	became aware of this movement he mustered a numerous army from
4644	the provinces of Syria, and he came into Cilicia in order to do battle
4645	with Julian; for he thought he should slay him.
4646	34. But when
4647	Constantius was so purposing he fell ill and died, and so was unable
4648	to carry out his purpose; 1 for God had brought evils upon him
4649	that he might return to the earth from which he came.
4650	35. And
4651	when Julian was informed of the death of Constantius he took
4652	. possession of the empire. He was strong and powerful exceedingly,
4653	1 V~9','t: is here emended into 1J~f"+: with Zotenberg.
p. 91
4654	74
4655	rrHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
4656	LXXVIII. 36
4657	and he restored the exiled bishops to their thrones. And he brought
4658	the apostolic Athanasius from exile and sent him back to Alexandria:
4659	~Ieletins to Antioch : Cyril) the author of the homilies, to Jerusalem:
4660	Eusebius) Lucifer, and Hilary to the west: and others who were in
4661	like plight to their several churches. 36. But after a short time he
4662	discovered his unbelief and apostasy owing to the philosophers) of
4663	whom one was named Libanius, of the city of Antioch, and the other
4664	l\tfaximus one of the augurs.
4665	37. Supported and strengthened by
4666	these) Julian closed the churches and opened the temples) and
4667	plundered the precious vessels of the house of God and gave them
4668	openly to impostors.
4669	38. Next he attacked the worshippers of
4670	Jesus Christ and proclaimed himself the restorer of temples) and
4671	offered abominable sacrifices to idols and kindled fire before the
4672	altars of demons, and polluted the earth with the blood of impure
4673	sacrifices, and polluted the air with the smoke of fat.
4674	39. And at
4675	the instigation of the heathen he sent (agents) to slay the great
4676	(and) apostolic Athanasius. But he quitted his bishopric and fled and
4677	hid himself from him.
4678	40. And this apostate emperor) like his
4679	father Satan) destroyed the holy edifices that had been built by
4680	the Godloving emperor Constantine, and made all these holy places
4681	into dwellings of demons and temples of idols.
4682	41. And they
4683	lorded it over the inoffensive Christians and they began to mock
4684	them and destroy them and slay them and evilly entreat them, not
4685	only for a short time but for a lengthened period.
4686	And they
4687	bellowed like ferocious beasts against them and terrified them.
4688	42. It was at this period that evil and idolatrous men kindled
4689	a fire in order to burn the body of S. John the Baptist. But the
4690	power of our Lord Jesus Christ foiled their design) and all these
4691	apostates seeing a terrible apparition took to flight.
4692	43. And there
4693	were there certain inhabitants of Alexandria who took the body of
4694	S. John and conveyed it to Alexandria and gave it secretly to the
4695	holy Athanasius the patriarch before his flight.
4696	44. And he con-
4697	veyed it and placed it secretly in the house of a magistrate, one of
4698	the great people of the city.
4699	And this secret was known only to a
4700	few priests and to rrheophilus the third patriarch (after Athanasius).
4701	45. Now the latter was reader and singer when they brought the
4702	body of S. J 0110.
4703	And after Athanasius Peter became patriarch,
4704	and after Peter) his brother Timothy Aktemon) whose name is by
4705	interpretation' without possessions'; and after Timothy, Theophilus
p. 92
4706	LXXIX. 9
4707	BISHOP OF NIKIU
4708	75
4709	who destroyed the temple named Serapis (?) and converted it into
4710	a church.
4711	46. Now (this church) was massive and its dimensions
4712	lofty and it was very much decorated.
4713	And he made it with pomp
4714	the abiding-place of the body of S. John the Baptist.
4715	And it is
4716	also said that after many days Theophilus took the body of S. John
4717	and his head and placed them in the tomb which had been con-
4718	structed in the midst of the church.
4719	47. And he made great
4720	rejoicings and a glorious feast.
4721	And the inhabitants of the city
4722	were uplifted because of him and made him notable with praise.
4723	CHAPTER LXXIX. 1. And it is said in regard to the holy Theo-
4724	philus, the patriarch of Alexandria, that he was a citizen of Memphis,
4725	the city of Pharaoh, formerly called Arcadia. And he was of Christian
4726	orlgm.
4727	2. And he had a little sister and an Ethiopian slave who
4728	had oelonged to his parents.
4729	Now they were orphans and he was
4730	but a child in years and stature.
4731	3. And one night about the time
4732	of dawn this slave took the children by the hand and brought them
4733	to a temple of abominable gods, namely of Artemis and Apollo, in
4734	order to pray there according to the errors of their worship.
4735	4. And
4736	when the children entered, the gods fell to the earth and were
4737	broken.
4738	And the slave was frightened thereby and she took the
4739	children and went in flight to the city of Nikius j for she feared the
4740	priests of the abominable idols.
4741	5. And she feared also lest the
4742	people of Nikius should deliver her up to the priests of the idols, and
4743	so she carried off the children with her and came to Alexandria.
4744	6. And, as the divine inspiration moved her, and the grace of God
4745	rested upon her, she took the children and brought them to the
4746	church in order to be rightly acquainted with the practice of
4747	the Christian mysteries.
4748	7. And at that time God revealed to the
4749	Father Athanasius, the patria.rch of Alexandria, the circumstances
4750	of the children when they entered the church and their position
4751	near the place of exhortation (i. e. pulpit).
4752	And he gave orders
4753	that the three should be guarded till the celebration was over.
4754	8. And thereafter they brought the children and the slave to the
4755	holy Athanasius, and he interrogated the slave and said unto her:
4756	t What hast thou done and why did not the gods who are without
4757	understanding assist thee?
4758	Why rather, when they saw the
4759	children of the Church, did they fall to the earth and were broken?
4760	Henceforth these children will belong to me '.
4761	9. And when the
4762	slave heard these things, she was astonished at the words of the saint
p. 93
4763	76
4764	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
4765	LXXIX. 10
4766	in that he knew the secret things that had befallen in the temple.
4767	Then she could not deny all that she had done: nay more, she cast
4768	herself at his feet and begged to be baptized into the Holy Christian
4769	faith.
4770	10. And he baptized them and made them Christians and
4771	they received the light of grace and were (born) anew.
4772	11. And
4773	(he sent) the little girl to a convent of virgins to remain there till
4774	the time of her marriage.
4775	Then she was given in marriage to a
4776	man of Mahalle, in the north of Egypt, which was formerly called
4777	Didusja.
4778	12. It was there the holy Cyril was born, the great star
4779	which lighted up all places by his doctrine, being clothed with the
4780	Holy Spirit. It was he who became patriarch after Theophilus,
4781	his mother's brother.
4782	13. And after the child, the holy Theophilus,
4783	was baptized, they shaved his head and numbered him amongst the
4784	readers and appointed him to be an anagnostes.
4785	14. And he was
4786	reared with care in the manner that befitteth saints, and he grew
4787	up and became a youth well pleasing to God, and he learnt all the
4788	God-inspired Scriptures of the Church and observed their laws.
4789	15. And next they ordained him deacon and he became very zealous
4790	for the fait.h of our Lord Jesus Christ, in purity and holiness.
4791	16. And later he was clothed with the garments of the priesthood
4792	and he bceame the chief and sat on the throne of Mark the
4793	Evangelist in the city of Alexandria.
4794	17. And when he became
4795	patriarch, he illuminated every city with the light of his holy
4796	faith, and delivered all the cities of Egypt from the worship of
4797	idols and he destroyed all the makers of images, even as the holy
4798	apostolic Athanasius had prophesied regarding him.
4799	CHAP'fER LXXX. 1. And the wretched J ulian began to build
4800	the sanctuary of the Jews in Jerusalem which the Romans had
4801	destroyed, and he offered sacrifices there, for he was devoted to the
4802	shedding of blood.
4803	2. But our Lord Jesus Christ-praise be unto
4804	Him-brought to nought his works and ordinances.
4805	3. And SapoI'
4806	Arsaces, king ot Persia, who was of a pacific disposition and had
4807	paid tribute to the Godloving emperor Constantine, went forth to
4808	war with the H,omans.
4809	4,. It was at that time that the holy martyr
4810	Domitius finished his course.!
4811	:B
4812	10r the emperor J ulian, the enemy
4813	of God, after having offered sacrifice to demons in the city named
4814	Casius, 2 in the neighbourhood of Antioch, about six miles distant,
4815	1 Cf. John Mal. 328; Chron. Pasch. 297.
4816	2 I{upp7]uTlI((], in John Mal. and Chron. Pasch.
p. 94
4817	I.XXX. r6
4818	BISHOP OF NIKIU
4819	77
4820	where there was the idol Apollo, arose and went forth to war
4821	with the Persians, he and the forces of Rome.
4822	5. And he was
4823	accompanied by all the demon-possessed and deceitful augurs.
4824	And as he marched he came to a grassy spot, and he saw there
4825	many men, women, and children.
4826	6. And many of the sick were
4827	healed through the prayer of the holy Domitius, the servant of
4828	God.
4829	7. And he questioned (them) saying: (What is this assem-
4830	blage which I see?' And they replied: (A monk is working
4831	miracles and healing the sick: and this assemblage which thou
4832	seest is composed of Christians; they receive a blessing from him
4833	and are healed by him'.
4834	8. And J ulian was wroth and sent to him
4835	a soldier treacherously 1 in a menacing tone and said: (If thou
4836	dwellest in this cave in order to please God, why dost thou desire
4837	to please men, and why hast thou not hidden thyself?'
4838	9. And
4839	the holy Domitius answered and said: (I have committed wholly
4840	my soul and my body into the hands of the God of heaven, the
4841	true God, Jesus Christ.
4842	And behold it is now many years since
4843	I have closed this cave upon myself.
4844	And as for the assemblage
4845	which have come to me in faith, I cannot drive them away'.
4846	10.
4847	And when the emperor heard these words he commanded the soldiers
4848	to close the mouth of the cave on the righteous old man till he
4849	died. 11. And thus he accomp1ished his course in the twenty-third
4850	day of the month Hamle, and received the martyr's crown which
4851	fadeth not away.
4852	12. But the punishment of God was not slow in overtaking
4853	J ulian the Apostate.
4854	13. Now he marched against the Persians
4855	who were idolators like himself, and he marched with haste and
4856	never again saw Rome.
4857	14. But he did not accomplish what the
4858	deceivers had promised to him saying: (We the gods will unite to
4859	give thee aid the moment thou dost enter the river '.
4860	15. And
4861	this unfortunate man was deceived by their words and was not
4862	able to open his mouth by reason of their flow of speech.
4863	16. And
4864	they named that river the river of fire because there were wild
4865	beasts in it.2
4866	And for this reason it is named by this name.
4867	1 The text seems corrupt here.
4868	Better read .e:ru.2Jr': = E~E~O'aTo for
4869	.e:r~~t;':, and instead of' treacherously' render' and requested'.
4870	2 The explanation of these words and ver. 14 is to be found in an oracle of
4871	Apollo given to Julian and recorded in Theodoret (Graecarum Affectionum Curatio,
4872	p. 382, ed. Gaisford): napa1TA~O'tOJI liE Tt li€lipalCE "a~ E1T~ 'IOVAtaJlOV T~JI VPfl-~1I EXOJlTO>
p. 95
4873	78
4874	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
4875	LXXX. 17
4876	17. And .Julian was obstinately attached to error and called himself
4877	'the despiser of the word of God '.
4878	For he trusted in idols and
4879	consulted demons who were not able to save him, but misled
4880	him with vain performances; for they destroyed his understanding
4881	and he became an adversary of God, the glorious Creator and
4882	our Saviour Jesus Christ, who shed His blood on behalf of many
4883	and became the true foundation for believers, who avenged His
4884	Christian servants.
4885	18. Now J ulian shed the blood of many
4886	Christians, and in his days many believers were put to death,
4887	and he visited with severe persecution those who called upon the
4888	name of Christ.
4889	19. Now, while this apostate was proposing to
4890	war against the Persians, vengeance came upon him from our
4891	Lord Jesus Christ, and he was slain by the hand of His servant
4892	l\1:ercury, the martyr.
4893	20. And on the night on which this
4894	abominable transgressor was slain, the holy Basil, who was clothed
4895	with God, bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, saw a vision. 21. And
4896	he saw the heavens opened and our Lord.J esus Christ sitting on
4897	the throne of His glory (and) saying with a loud voice: 'Mercury,
4898	go and slay Julian the adversary of My anointed ones '.
4899	And the
4900	holy Mercury was standing before him clothed with a flashing corslet
4901	of steel.! 22. And on hearing the command of our Lord Jesus Christ
4902	he departed, disappearing for a short space, and after a short space
4903	he reappeared 2 and cried with a loud voice: 'I have slain the
4904	emperor Julian in accordance with Thy command, and he is dead,
4905	o Lord'.
4906	23. The bishop awoke astonied and terrified.
4907	Now
4908	Julian used to honour the holy Basil greatly because they had been
4909	bound by tics of friendship from their youth. lTor they were versed
4910	in letters 3 and Basil also had written frequently to him in order to
4911	KaTd TWII 'AmJuptwII'
4912	NUll 'Yap,
4913	~CP1], 1H:llITfS' wpp.r,01]}U.II OfO~ 7rupd e1]p~ 7rOTap.fi! IItK~f
4914	7p6rrata Kop.{uaaOat.
4915	] Cf. John Mal. 333 sq. Text has here 'a new and blooming corslet', which
4916	Zotenberg accepts. But R"r~: = 'blooming' is only used of plant life. The
4917	wrong sense seems due to the confusion of the participles of two different
4918	conjugations of ..Jlbj by the translator.
4919	Here it should have been 'shining',
4920	, flashing '.
4921	Again, m~{J: = 'new' is corrupt for m~.£- = jer1"Um.
4922	Thus our
4923	text reproduces the same original as John Mal. 333 Erp6pH OWpaKa ata1]pOvII a.7TO-
4924	(JTIA./3ollTa.
4925	This corruption of the two manuscripts points to the fact that
4926	neither A nor B is an immediate copy of the original translation.
4927	2 Here text adds corruptly' and appeared a third time '.
4928	3 We should not insert 1-frl: in the text as Zotenberg does.
4929	Cf. John Mal.
4930	334 ETtp.a 'Yap aUToII ••• wS' E1-\A.6-YIP.Oll Ka~ wS' aup.rrpa"Topa aUToU Ka~ ~-ypacpfll aUro/
4931	UUXIIW>.
4932	!
4933	I
4934	I
4935	. /
4936	)
p. 96
4937	LXXX. 33
4938	BISHOP OF NIKIU
4939	79
4940	prevail on him to forsake his errors, but he had refused.
4941	24. And
4942	when the bishop Basil awaked from sleep, he caned the venerable
4943	priests and the faithful to early morning prayers in the church.
4944	25. And after the completion of the prayers, he recounted to them
4945	this vision which he had seen, saying: (Can J ulian really be dead?'
4946	And when they heard these words, the priests and the people
4947	feared and thereupon asked him to be silent till the matter was fully
4948	ascertained.
4949	But the man of God was not willing to be silent, but
4950	spake out and feared not; for he trusted in God and in our Lord
4951	Jesus Christ.
4952	26. And soon it fell out according to the vision of
4953	S. Basil, and the death of Julian the apostate was heard of
4954	throughout all the provinces, even his destruction which God had
4955	accomplished by the hand of his martyr S. Mercurius.
4956	27. Now
4957	this apostate had brought destruction and disasters on the army.
4958	He had the noses of two Persians cut off who, as guides, had con-
4959	ducted the army into a mountainous and waterless desert whence
4960	there was no means of issue, when he wished to attack the Persians.
4961	28. And the Roman soldiers perished in that region of hunger and
4962	thirst and many hardships; for these Persians had dealt subtly
4963	with the Romans and had destroyed them.
4964	But this apostate
4965	J ulian did not recognize (this) indubitable judgement of God.
4966	29. And his crimes had continued all the days of his life, even
4967	forty and four years. 1
4968	30. After the death of Julian the Roman troops assembled in
4969	order to appoint an emperor, and through the help of God being
4970	all of one mind whilst they were in Persia, they chose J ovian to
4971	,
4972	"-_'. be their emperor.
4973	31. Now he was an orthodox Christian (and)
4974	,:~a faithful servant of God.
4975	He, however, was unwilling to be
4976	emperor, but he was made emperor by force.
4977	32. Previously
4978	indeed he had been commander-in-chief, and for this reason he
4979	received the imperial crown.
4980	And after they had made him
4981	emperor, he ascended an eminence and addressed in a loud voice
4982	all the people and the troops as follows: 'If ye wish me to become
4983	your emperor, become Christians like me, and believe in Christ, and
4984	become the foes of idols'.
4985	33. Thereupon all the people and the
4986	troops cried out with one voice, saying: (We are Christians:
4987	Henceforth Christ is our emperor and His glorious Cross'. And for
4988	1 Julian was only 32 when he died, according to Eutropius, 31 according to
4989	Ammian. xxv. 3, 23 i Socrates, ii~. 21 i 33 according to John Mal. 333.
p. 97
4990	;,
4991	!
4992	i
4993	1·
4994	t
4995	f I !
4996	; I
4997	1I I
4998	I I
4999	Po
5000	HO
5001	rrHE CHRONICI.JE
5002	O~" JOHN
5003	LXXX. 34
5004	this reason they honoured the emperor and. praised him with great.
5005	praise.
5006	34. And when the Persians had been apprised of the death of
5007	J ulian they sent ambassadors to J ovian the Godloving emperor to
5008	negotiate terms of peace and friendship.
5009	And the emperor J ovian
5010	received them gladly, and peace and fri~ndship were made between
5011	Rome and. Persia. 35. And the Persians agreed to pay tribute, and
5012	he (J avian) remitted the tribute of one year, because J ulian the
5013	apostate had previously destroyed and made a wilderness of the
5014	city of Anderwan.
5015	36. Nevertheless he commanded them to build
5016	outside the imperial frontiers a city for themselves, and he named
5017	this city Amides.l
5018	And he strengthened it with walls and fortifi-
5019	cations, and £lllcd it with a numerous population, and he made it
5020	like the first city which J uHan the apostate had destroyed.
5021	And
5022	he that was set over this city besought greatly the emperor
5023	J ovian to name it after the name of Rome.
5024	But he refused Oli
5025	account of the peace and friendship subsisting between Rome
5026	and Persia. 2
5027	CHAPTER LXXXI. ]. And after the conclusion of the war the
5028	Christian emperor J ovian evacuated Persia and brought back safely
5029	all the remaining troops.
5030	2. But such as he found holding the evil
5031	sentiments of J ulian the apostate he destroyed and exterminated.
5032	3. And. forthwith he opened thc churches of Constantinople and
5033	closed the temples. And he restored to the Christians the Christian
5034	cities which Julian the apostate had taken from them, and he
5035	appointed Christian (governors) in all the cities, and he destroyed
5036	an the temples to their foundations, and the worshippers of idols
5037	became few.
5038	4. And he interdicted also the religion of the Arians
5039	who are adversaries of Christ j for he was an unwavering orthodox
5040	believer and a true worshipper of the Holy Trinity who give life to
5041	all.
5042	5. And he became glorious as the light of the sun through all
5043	his actions and his true and upright faith.
5044	And he was full of
5045	virtues and did good unto all men of his time. 6. And he addressed
5046	also a decree to all the Roman provinces to this effect: (I, the
5047	Godloving J ovian, commander-in-chief, true emperor (and) master .
5048	J The text is inaccurate.
5049	Cf. John Mal. 336 sq.; Ch1"on. Pasch. 300.
5050	2 The true account is that .Jovian surrendered five Mesopotamian provinces
5051	with the fortresses of Nisibis and Singara. Even John Mal. 336 sq. concedes
5052	most of this.
p. 98
5053	LXXXI. 15
5054	BISHOP OF NIKIU
5055	81
5056	of the world, hereby write to all the Christians under my sway.
5057	7. I am solicitous over you in the Lord and I rejoice with you in
5058	regard to the holy church which is in the midst of the city, as
5059	the navel in the midst of the belly.
5060	For it has triumphed greatly
5061	over all who opposed it.
5062	8. Now the anger of the emperor .Julian
5063	arose agaim;t it and he closed it j but I give orders to have it
5064	reopened and restored to a condition of repose in order that there
5065	may be given to it a pure and holy priesthood who may therein
5066	offer prayers to heaven-which may God in His mercy vouchsafe
5067	to receive.
5068	9. And now let us exert ourselves to reopen the church
5069	and let us perform its offices, and honour its ministers, in order that
5070	all the people and army of Rome may assemble within it.
5071	For it
5072	was given to them by God, merciful and gracious, in order that
5073	prayer and supplications might always be offered therein with
5074	befitting earnestness.'
5075	10. And .Jovian addressed a letter to this effect also to the
5076	apostolic S. Athanasius, the patriarch of Alexandria, in order to
5077	restore him to his city in great honour.
5078	11. (Prom the emperor
5079	.Jovian to the Godloving S. Athanasius.
5080	vVe admire thee a.nd thy
5081	wise manner of life and t thy near approaches to the kings t and
5082	thy faithful virtues and thy noble earnestness'to fulfil the work of
5083	our Lord .Jesus Christ-praise be unto Him. 12. We request thee,
5084	honoured bishop j for thou hast undergone every labour and hast
5085	not feared those who persecuted thee nor the tribulations that have
5086	overtaken thee, but hast accounted wrath and indignation as a
5087	thing of nought and reckoned them as no better than a worthless
5088	straw.
5089	13. And thou hast gone in the footsteps of the orthodox
5090	faith and hast proceeded unto the end, and hast left (the exa.mple)
5091	of thy life to those that come after thee and hast bound them with
5092	perfect faith and virtuous deeds;,! ] 4. Return now to our imperial
5093	domain and resume thy teaching which is full of salvation.
5094	And
5095	preserve the churches and feed the people of Christ and zealously
5096	address thy prayers to God on our bebalf and on behalf of our
5097	empire that we may be saved through thy prayers.
5098	15. For we
5099	think that we shall gain the help of the :Most High God through
5100	the supplications of thy pure and holy tongue; for it is inspired by
5101	1 Verses 11-13 aro a f:1Illty rendering.
5102	Cf. Athanasii Opera; Pat1·ol. Graec.
5103	t. xxvi, col. 813.
5104	G
p. 99
5105	82
5106	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
5107	LXXXI. 16
5108	the Holy Spirit.
5109	16. And we have written 1 this letter to thee
5110	that thou mayst enlighten the people with the light of Christ
5111	and ma,yst put an cnd to idols, the adversaries of God, and likewise
5112	to the heresy of the Arians who persecuted them [that we may be
5113	saved by thy prayers].
5114	17. And when the apostolic S. Athanasius, the light of the world,
5115	had read this letter, he convoked all the holy bishops and the
5116	honoured doctors and wrote two treatises: the first on the Word of
5117	God, \vho is one of the Holy rrrinity, and the second on the precepts
5118	of Christ.
5119	18. And he addressed a letter also to S. Basil, who
5120	constantly thought upon and studied the works of God, and said:
5121	,rrhe Gocllovillg emperor J ovian accepts absolutely and with joy
5122	the orthodox faith of the Council of Nicaea: rejoice thou therefore;
5123	for he is orthodox and has established the pure faith of the Holy
5124	Trinity.'
5125	19. And the emperor J ovian finished his course in peace and
5126	integrity, doing that which was well pleasing to God.
5127	20. And
5128	whilst he was so engaged he set out to go to the city of Byzantium,
5129	and though attacked by an illness he passed through Cilicia and
5130	Galatia and came to the city named Didastana, 2 and he went to his
5131	rest there.
5132	20. For the world was not worthy to receive such an
5133	emperor, as he was good and pious and merciful and humble,
5134	Christian aml orthodox.
5135	CHAPTER LXXXII. 1. And after the death of the Godloving
5136	J ovian, Va,lcntinian, being the foremost 3 amongst the officers, came
5137	to mourn with them over the death of the emperor Jovian. 2. And
5138	whilst they were so mourning and were anxiously deliberating on
5139	the appointment of their emperor) then Sallust the prefect of the
5140	praetorians came (forward) and enjoying a very illustrious position
5141	amongst the officers advised them and said: 'It is most suitable
5142	for us that Valentinian should be made emperor.
5143	At an earlier
5144	date he was a general and was persecuted by J ulian the apostate on
5145	account or his orthodox faith.'
5146	3. And when the officers' and the
5147	troops had heard the advice of Sallust they appointed him emperor
5148	and had him proclaimed as follows by the voice of heralds in all the
5149	1 I have omitted the impossible H before ~thtt:}:
5150	2 Cf. John Mal. 337.
5151	3 There is no reason for the insertion made here by Zotenberg either in this
5152	line or the next.
5153	By these insertions a wrong sense is given to the text.
p. 100
5154	./
5155	LXXXII. 13
5156	BISHOP OF NIKIU
5157	83
5158	provinces: C Valentinian, a just man (and) a Christian, whose words
5159	are just and whose utterance is true, has become emperor.'
5160	4. And
5161	when he became emperor, he appointed Sallust vizier (sic) over all
5162	his officers; for he was no respecter of persons.
5163	And when Sallust
5164	became vizier and was empowered with authority, he strengthened
5165	~
5166	l,1 the cause of, justice and right in all the provinces, and was full of
5167	; discernment and refused bribes and did not give his confidence
5168	, " I rashly.!
5169	And the emperor was pleased with him because he was
5170	I a doer of the right.
5171	5. And next Valentinian made Valens his
5172	brother emperor in Constantinople, but he went himself to Rome
5173	I, and established his authority over all the empire of the west.
5174	'\ 6. And he condemned many magistrates who were guilty of injustice
5175	/' and took bribes.
5176	7. And there was an officer of the palace named
5177	Rhodanus who had committed an act of injustice on a widow and
5178	had taken possession of her property.
5179	8. And she went and told
5180	the emperor, and the emperor commanded (him) to restore all her
5181	property.2
5182	And from that day he was honoured by the army and
5183	the senate, and by ~dl peoples.
5184	9. For this just and equitable
5185	emperor hated oppression and judged with the voice of justice and
5186	practised equity.
5187	10. 'rhis great emperor did not spare (even) his
5188	wife, the empress Marina.
5189	Now she had bought a garden from a
5190	nurserywoman (lit. a female planter of plants) and had not paid her
5191	the price which it was equitably worth, because the valuers had
5192	valued (it) out of regard to the empress and so had inclined to do
5193	her a favour.
5194	11. And when the pious Valentinian was apprised of
5195	what his wife had done, he sent Godfearing men to value that
5196	garden and he bound them by a solemn oath to value it justly and
5197	equitably.
5198	12. And when the valuers came to that garden, they
5199	found that she had been guilty of a grave injustice and had given
5200	the woman but a small portion of the price.
5201	13. And when the
5202	emperor heard, he was wroth with the empress· (and) removed her
5203	from his presence and drove her from the palace and took to wife
5204	a woman named J ustina, with whom he lived all the rest of his
5205	1 'Refused bribes and did not give his confidence· rashly.' I have emended
5206	wli.1iYO·}: into wli.1iYOi:
5207	Zotenberg emends it into Wli.1iYO'): and renders
5208	, ne se laissait pas corrompre par des dons'. His translation omits his emenda-
5209	tion, and also the word Ohl1!:
5210	2 According to John Mal. 339 sq. Valentinian had Rhodanus burnt and his
5211	property given to the widow.
5212	Cf. Chron. Pasch. 302.
5213	G2
5214	I'
5215	I
5216	I
5217	i
5218	I
5219	I
5220	\ . !
5221	I ,
5222	1
5223	!
p. 101
5224	84
5225	THE CHRONICLE
5226	O~-' JOHN
5227	LXXXII. 14.
5228	days.
5229	14. As for his first wife, he drove and exiled her from the
5230	city, and gave back the garden to the woman who had sold it.
5231	15. And the emperor Valentinian raised to the imperial throne
5232	his son Gratian, who was born to him by the wife he had driven
5233	into exile. 16. And after the emperor Valentinian had accomplished
5234	many noble deeds, he fell ill and died loyal to the faith of the Holy
5235	'rrinity, in the castle named Watan. 1
5236	17. And after his death
5237	came his brother Valens, who had formerly been a Christian but
5238	afterwards had walked in the way of the Arians and had attached
5239	himself strongly to their abominable faith.
5240	18. And he persecuted
5241	the orthodox: and their churches were openly given to the impious
5242	heretics.
5243	And he confiscated wrongfully the property of all the
5244	inhabitants of Byzantium and other cities.
5245	19. And in the days of this abominable (prince) there was an
5246	earthquake in the city of Nicaea where the holy council had been
5247	held.
5248	JTor the sea rose against it and overwhelmed it.
5249	20. And in
5250	those days also a man named 'ratian was appointed prefect of
5251	Alexandria, which is the chief city of Egypt. And he built, in the
5252	place called Abrakjun, the two stone gates with enormous labour
5253	and he made these gates for the passage of the great river, and he
5254	fortified the country of I~gypt.
5255	21. And in those days there appeared a miracle through the
5256	intervention of the apostolic S. Athanasius, the father of the faith,
5257	patriarch of Alexandria.
5258	22. When the sea rose against the city
5259	of Alexandria and, threatening an inundation, had already advanced
5260	to a place ealled Heptastadion, the venerable father accompanied by
5261	all the priests went forth to the borders of the sea, and holding in
5262	his hand the book of the holy Law he raised his hand to heaven
5263	and said: '0 Lord, 'rhou God who liest not, it is 'rhou that didst
5264	promise to N oall after the flood and say: "I will not again bring
5265	a flood of waters upon the earth n.' 23. And after these words of
5266	the saint the sea returned to its place and the wrath of God was
5267	appeased.
5268	'l'hus the city was saved through the· intercession of the
5269	apostolic S. At.hanasius, the great star.
5270	CHAPTER LXXXIII. 1. Now these are the illustrious emperors,
5271	the servants of God, who were zealous workers of good-Gratian
5272	and 'l'heodosiu.s.
5273	2. 'rhe one set free the holy beEevers from bonds
5274	1 Calleu BlP'YITIJ/WV in .J o11n Mal. 341, and BfP)'LTLWV in Socrates, Hist. Eccles.
5275	iv. 31.
p. 102
5276	lXXXlII. 12
5277	BlsHOP OF NIKIU
5278	85
5279	wherewith they had been bound by the emperor Valens, and put
5280	an end to the banishment of Christians.
5281	3. As for the other he
5282	'loved God ardently and restored to the faithful their churches, and
5283	destroyed idolatry.
5284	4. And he prohibited also the teaching of the
5285	wicked Arians and established the pure and spotless faith.
5286	5. And
5287	Gregory, the 'rheologian, appeared in the city of Constantinople
5288	and strengthened the churches.
5289	Previously indeed he had been
5290	obliged to find concealment in flight from house to house and from
5291	place to place.
5292	6. And (Theodosius) built also a holy church as a
5293	noble memorial. And he drove from the city Eudoxius, the heretic,
5294	the blasphemer of the Holy Spirit.
5295	And after he had driven this
5296	miscreant from the city, he sent to Basil, bishop of Caesarea in
5297	Cappadocia, to Gregory of Nyssa, and to Amphilochius of Iconium,
5298	wise and godly divines, and he commanded them to construct
5299	a church in the truth and in the Holy Spirit.
5300	7. And they
5301	disputed with the heretics and got the better of them and put them
5302	to shame, and they proclaimed the true orthodox faith in every
5303	place.
5304	8. And again as regards the history of the Godloving
5305	emperor 'rheodosius, while he was on his way to Byzantium to meet
5306	the blessed emperor Gratian, he saw a vision in his sleep, in which
5307	Meletius the patriarch of Antioch placed the imperial crown on his
5308	head by the advice of the leaders.
5309	_ .. ,
5310	9. And there was an Arian livililg outside the city.1
5311	And when
5312	) Amphilochius came to the imperial court, he found seated on their
5313	\ thrones the emperor Theodosius and his two sons Arcadius and
5314	! Honorius.
5315	For he had raised them to the imperial throne in his
5316	(,
5317	lifetime.
5318	10. And when the bishop came before Theodosius and
5319	his sons, he saluted Theodosius but not his sons. 11. And Theodosius
5320	was wroth because he had not saluted his sons.
5321	And when the
5322	i
5323	)
5324	bishop saw that the emperor was wroth with him, he said unto
5325	him: 'He£lect, 0 king, that in like manner there are those who do
5326	not salute the Son and the Holy Spirit who are consubstantial with
5327	the Father, namely the blaspheming heretics. (And yet) thou hast
5328	not driven these from thy empire.'
5329	12. And when the emperor
5330	heard these words of the bishop, the emperor perceived that the
5331	bishop was one of the highest types of the faithful, and thereupon
5332	1 It is not an individual but a community that is here referred to.
5333	The
5334	matter is referred to ill Socrates, Hist. Eccles. v. 7, where it is reconnted of DOl11o-
5335	philus that E,W TWII 1TUAWJI T~' 1TOAfW, Ta, O"UII(l)'w)'ch TOU AOt1TOU E1TOL~(JaTO.
p. 103
5336	I I
5337	86
5338	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
5339	LXXXIII. 13
5340	he held his peace.
5341	13. And forthwith he became zealous for the
5342	orthodox faith, and he ordained a law in his days that no heretic
5343	should Le permitted to live in any of the Roman cities, nor in the
5344	cultivated enclosures nor in the fields nor in the villages.
5345	14,. And during the stay of the emperor Theodosius in Asia there
5346	arose a usurper, named Maximus, of British descent, who slew the
5347	hlessed emperor Gratian through treachery and seized his empire by
5348	force and made his residence in Rome.
5349	15. And Valentinian,-tbe
5350	younger brother of Gratian, fled to Thessaloniea.
5351	And as for
5352	1\1aximus the heretic, he despised God; for he was an Arian.
5353	16. And next there arose a man named Eugenius, who had previously
5354	been a teacher of the heathen and had persecuted the worshippers
5355	of Christ and loved to practise magic and made (8ic).
5356	And by the
5357	advice of the officers who agreed with him, he seized the empire of
5358	Valentinian and slew him by treachery.
5359	17. And when Theodosius
5360	the emperor hcarc1 of these events, he arose and mustered a numerous
5361	army and ma,rched against them, and put to death both Maximus
5362	and l~ugenius through the might of our Lord Jesus Christ whom
5363	he served.
5364	18. And he avenged the two emperors Gratian and
5365	Valentinian and brought back under his own hand the entire empire
5366	of Rome and established his authority over it. 19. And he gave to
5367	the orthodox believers all the churches under his dominion, and he
5368	banished the blaspheming Arians.
5369	20. And he assembled also in
5370	Constantinople a council Ot bishops, to the number ot one hundred
5371	and fifty holy fathers.
5372	2l. And he drove out infidelity and heresy
5373	from all the provinces of his empire and he introduced the worship
5374	of the one God in three Persons, and he strengthened the orthodox
5375	faith.
5376	22. And the Holy Spirit was (shed) abundantly upon the
5377	priests, and their hands and their tongues and all their thoughts
5378	were pure.
5379	And peace prevailed in the churches, because the
5380	bishnps had assembled in peace and unity.
5381	23. But afterwards
5382	when Satan saw (the prosperity of the church), he was jealous and
5383	began to divide and sunder the limbs Ot the one complete body,
5384	that is, the holy Church.
5385	24. For Gregory, the Theologian, having
5386	come to the council of the chief clergy of the Church, comforted
5387	and a.dorned the city of Constantinople by his teaching,
5388	25. And
5389	rrimothy, patriarch of Alexandria" addressed Gregory like an angel
5390	and admonished him to leave the imperial city of Constantinople and
5391	return to the city of his bishoprie and its ancient church) namely
5392	, ----1
p. 104
5393	LXXXIII. 34
5394	BISHOP OF NIKIU
5395	87
5396	Nazianzum (?),1 in order to shepherd and protect it.
5397	26. It was
5398	unseemly for him to forsake a poor church and occupy a rich one;
5399	for this was an act of 2 ••• fornication and contrary to the canons
5400	of the Fathers.
5401	27. But when the bishops of the east and the
5402	other bishops present heard this address, they differed from him in
5403	this matter.
5404	28. A tumult, moreover, arose amongst them on this
5405	question.
5406	For the patriarch Timothy took upon himself to nominate
5407	Maximus to the patriarch ate of Constantinople j for he was an
5408	eminent man and had suffered many hardships from the Arians.
5409	29. Now there was a feud between the Orientals and the Egyptians.
5410	And S. Gregory mediated and made peace between them.
5411	And
5412	Maximus who had been nominated to Constantinople without the
5413	consent of the bishops remained there, but Gregory they banished
5414	from the imperial city on the advice of all the bishops, and he
5415	returned to his first church.
5416	30. But the heart of Gregory was
5417	firm as a stone and was not troubled by the troubles of this world.
5418	And all the people were grieved on his behalf; for he had saved
5419	the imperial city of Constantinople from the (spiritual) adulteries
5420	of the Arians.
5421	31. And they banished Maximus also from
5422	Constantinople to the convent to which he had formerly been
5423	appointed, and all the bishops which had been ordained by his hands.
5424	32. Next they appointed a man named N ectarius 3 by the ad vice of
5425	the one hundred and fifty bishops.
5426	Now he was a man of good
5427	birth, of the city of Constantinople.
5428	He was also wise and prudent
5429	\ I and he led such a good and pure life that all the world admired
5430	""l. him. for his conduct.
5431	And they forcibly. appointed him to .the
5432	. patrJarchate.
5433	33. And he kept up a contmuous warfare agamst
5434	the faith of the Arians, a.nd he was zealous for the orthodox faith.
5435	And peace was established in the council and all (the bishops) later
5436	departed in joy to their cities.
5437	34. But Satan the adversary of
5438	our race did not suffer N ectarius the patriarch to remain untroubled.
5439	For when the Godloving emperor Theodosius had set out with
5440	a numerous army to war against Maximus, the Arian usurper,
5441	and had reached a place named Milan, within which lay the Arian
5442	usurper, and had thus come face to face with him but as yet no
5443	engagement had ensued between them~ certain Arians went and
5444	announced through all the city of Byzantium a lying report to
5445	1 MSS. Atl'usjus of Nisijus.
5446	~ ltklp: gives no intelligible sense.
5447	3 Cf. Socrates, IIist. Eccles. v. 8.
5448	i
5449	I
5450	I'
5451	I
5452	I I !
p. 105
5453	88
5454	rrHE CHRONICLE OP JOHN
5455	LXXXIII. 35
5456	this effect: (The emperor Theodosius has been defeated in battle
5457	and all his army destroyed.'
5458	35. And by reason of this rumour
5459	fear and terror fell on all the Christians, and the orthodox out of
5460	fear inclined to the Arians.
5461	And the Arians arose in wrath and
5462	burnt the mansion of the patriarch N ectarius.
5463	36. And after they
5464	had wrought these evil deeds) an account thereof was reported to
5465	the Godloving emperor Thcodosius.
5466	And forthwith he arose and
5467	gave battle to J\1aximus the usurper and slew him.
5468	37. And in those days the holy patriarch Timothy built a church
5469	of marvellous workmanship in the city of Alexandria and named
5470	it after the name of the emperor rrheodosius.
5471	And he built also
5472	a second church and named it Arcadia after his son. 38. And there
5473	was a temple of Serapis 1 in the city, and he converted it into
5474	a church and named it after the name of his (Theodosius's) younger
5475	son Honorius.
5476	But this church was also named after the names
5477	of the martyrs Cosmas and Damian.
5478	It faced the church of
5479	S. Peter the patriarch and last of the martyrs.
5480	39. Throughout the da,ys of the emperor rrheodosius the Christians
5481	enjoyed tranquillity and peace.
5482	40. And Theodosius constructed
5483	also many buildings in the outskirts of the city of Antioch.
5484	And
5485	he built a new wall from the mountain to the old (lit. 'first ')
5486	tower 2 constructed by the emperor Tiberius.
5487	And he built walls
5488	also round the neighbouring lands and enclosures which had been
5489	without a wall.
5490	41. After this there arose many heresies and divisions in the
5491	city of rrhessalonica owing to the Arians.
5492	And a disturbance took
5493	place between the inhabitants and the officers and the Arians began
5494	to stone the officers, insulting thereby the emperor.
5495	'iVhen the
5496	emperor was informed of ,vhat the Arians had done, pretending
5497	that he was on his way to Rome he marched into rrhessalonica
5498	with all his ofilcers and soldiers.
5499	42. And using a rnse he sent
5500	armed men among the population of the city and destroyed the
5501	Arians.
5502	And the number of those that were put to the sword
5503	was 15,OOO.a
5504	43. And the emperor being reprimanded by the
5505	patriarch ]\{iletius 4 for his great slaughter of the Arians-for he
5506	1 The text has been restored, i. e. by reading lillt-o.lJ; OU7C;
5507	2 Contrast John Mal. 346 }Cut 7T€pLJJ...u/3e TO Opos TO yJOY nlxos ews TOU 7ra},mov
5508	TEixov; TOU ICTL(j()€I'TOS lJ1TO TL/3fpLOV.
5509	3 John Mal. 347 gives 15,000; Cedrellus 7,00001' 15,000.
5510	4 This should be Ambrose.
p. 106
5511	LXXXIII. 52
5512	BISHOP OF NIKIU
5513	89
5514	had been troubled on behalf of the Christians-was fun of wrath
5515	and indignation: but (afterwards) the emperor repented of his
5516	wrath against the patriarch, and repented and fasted and gave
5517	alms and shed many tears, praying for mercy and forgiveness of
5518	the transgression.
5519	44. And in those days there were animosities and great trouble
5520	-and destruction in the city of Antioch.
5521	4-5. And the emperor
5522	indeed was sore pressed by the war that had been waged in (that)
5523	province and in every other quarter, and when this pressure upon
5524	him became severe, he commanded an extraordinary tax to be
5525	levied in all the provinces of his empire.
5526	46. And they seized and
5527	illtreated the people.
5528	And when the crowds and multitudes that
5529	were in the city saw their brethren being hanged without mercy or
5530	pity~ the men of the city cast down 1 from the top of the palace the
5531	bronze tcoffint 2 which contained the body of the blessed lnacilla,
5532	the wife of the emperor Theodosius, and they dragged it through
5533	t.he streets of the city.
5534	47. And when the emperor heard of this
5535	outrage, he was wroth exceedingly and removed the officers of the
5536	city and banished them to Laodicea.
5537	4~. And as regards the
5538	officials of Antioch who had perpetrated this great offence against
5539	. the emperor, he gave orders, in order to punish them, that the city
5540	of Antioch should be burnt together with everything that was in it.
5541	49. And those, who were commanded to burn the city, were Caesar
5542	an officer and Ellebichus a genera1.
5543	50. And subsequently there
5544	came from the desert a monk, a saint of God, to the officers who
5545	were commanded to burn the city, and addressed them as follows:
5546	51. 'W rite to the emperor ,!'heodosius and say to him on my part
5547	as follows: "Thou art not only an emperor but thou art also a man
5548	like us, though thou art the chief.
5549	And thou art subject to the
5550	same afflictions as every creature which bears the likeness of God.
5551	,\Vhen thou condemnest the likeness of God, thou dost provoke
5552	to anger the God who created man in His likeness.
5553	}"or thou
5554	art angry because of a dumb statue of brass: how much more
5555	therefore will God be angry with thee and thy empire when His
5556	image endowed with utterance and a soul is in question.
5557	52. _For
5558	it is He and He alone who is Lord and King over all that has
5559	1 'There is no need for Zotcnberg's addition to the text.
5560	2 The word means 'casket' or ' coffin', but in vel'. 52 it means' st.atuc', as it
5561	should here.
p. 107
5562	90
5563	THE CHRONICLE OP JOHN
5564	LXXXTlI. 53
5565	given thee power. And as for thy wrath because a tcoffint 1 of
5566	bronze has been destroyed, we can make one like unto it, but thou
5567	canst not make a single hair of the head of a single person whom
5568	thou dost wish to put to death.'"
5569	53. And in those days there
5570	was a priest named John and surnamed Chrysostom 2 who taught
5571	in righteousness before he was chosen patriarch. And at that time
5572	he taught and admonished in every city.
5573	And fearing death at
5574	the hands of the Arians he had fled and left the city deprived of his
5575	lifegiving doctrine.
5576	54. And when the emperor 'rheodosius heard
5577	these words he repented and calmed his anger.
5578	And the magis-
5579	trates of the city, whom he had previously banished, he restored to
5580	their functions in Antioch, and those who were in prison he set
5581	free.
5582	55. And the emperor wrote a letter in reply and sent (it) to
5583	his officers to the following effect: (I have been angry on account
5584	of my late Godloving wife Flacilla, who has most undeservedly
5585	suffered outrage at their hands.
5586	56. And I have been desirous
5587	to punish th<>m.
5588	But for the sake of God and His love for man-
5589	h.ind, (and) that He may accept me and aid me and give me
5590	victory over the heretics and barbarians and all those who rise up
5591	against me, I now accord pardon to them.
5592	Let there be peace
5593	upon the city of Antioch and let them dwell in undisturbed
5594	tranquillity.'
5595	57. And after the emperor Theodosius had conquered
5596	the usurpers he resided in the city of Rome, and he put to death
5597	many heretics.
5598	58. And in those days the hakers made underground cellars 3
5599	and secret resorts in the earth, and built likewise structures in
5600	which they prepared dough: and they perpetrated in them many
5601	abominable deeds on people (generally) but specially on strangers
5602	and foreigners and on many who came to them to get food and
5603	drink and on others with lustful purposes.
5604	59. And the ,vine
5605	sellers sent on secretly those who came to them to the bakers who
5606	1 See note on vel'. 46.
5607	The true account is given in the extract from Cedrenus
5608	in the next note.
5609	2 Cf. Cedrenus, i. 570 sq. To/ UVTo/ ETE£
5610	nA.U!CL~A.U -f] ')'UP.€T1} 0wooo-(ov t!C0£p..ry£h7,
5611	d}a€/3~s ovaa !Cu~ f!J£A.,:rrTCvxos ••• TUVT17s TOV avop£uvTU !CuTlutuv 01 'AVTt0XEl> 15l(t Ta E1T£-
5612	TEolvTU 15fjp.oa£u 7Tupa TOU /3aO'lA.lws TEAELv UVTOVS.
5613	TOTE !CaL 'Iwuvvfj> 0 XPV(JO(JTOP.OS, rrpE(J-
5614	/3UTEPOS wv 'AVTt0XE[as, A.O')'OV> 7TEP! TOlhov Oavp.a(JTOV> ttlOETo, oVs dvop£anas Errf'Ypaif;E.
5615	TOTE Kat -f] Ev 0E(JaUA.OVLICTI aC/'a')'1} TWV IE' XtA.IUOWV TOV A.aOV U7TO 0eoooa{ov ')'tVETut, Kat
5616	Ta. rrapa TOU U')'LOV 'Ap.{3p0(J{OV ~1Tt(J/'orrov MEO£OA.aIIWV fils aVTOV {3a(JtA.lu 7rpaxOlvTa.
5617	3 On the correct account of two great abuses in Rome and their correction by
5618	the emperor, sce Socrates, Hist. Ecc/c,. v. 18.
p. 108
5619	LXXXIV. 5
5620	BISHOP OP NIKIU
5621	91
5622	seized them by force.
5623	And these (captives) could not escape, and
5624	though they cried out, there was none to hear them.
5625	60. Some of
5626	these were made to turn a mill all their days: others were placed
5627	in a brothel till they were old and even then not permitted to
5628	depart.
5629	61. Now there was a soldier of the emperor whom they intro-
5630	duced to the mill-house by a stratagem, and tortured there for a
5631	long time. And when he was very weary (of it) he made a vigorom"!
5632	effort (and) drawing his sword slew many that sought to prevent
5633	his egress j those that remained were terrified and let him escape,
5634	and so he went and told the emperor.
5635	62. And the emperor
5636	commanded the bakers to be brought and punished them severely
5637	and destroyed their secret buildings.
5638	63. And he compelled t,he
5639	female prostitutes to walk publicly through Rome to the sound of a
5640	bell that their crimes might be made known to all, and the bakers
5641	also to be publicly exposed.!
5642	64. rJ.1hus (Theodosius) exterminated
5643	utterly all this evil.
5644	65. And (Theodosius) ended his life virtuously and left an
5645	illustrious memory to his successors and went to his rest in peace.
5646	He ended his earthly life pure and blameless, and he passed from
5647	this transitory world to the life eternal.
5648	CHAPTElt LXXXIV. 1. After the death of the Godloving emperor
5649	Theodosius, his empire passed into the hands of his two sons
5650	Arcadius and Honorius who were borne to him by his wife the
5651	blessed l~llacilla.
5652	2. rJ.1hey had been created emperors during his
5653	(Theodosius's) lifetime: Arcadius he had appointed emperor in
5654	Constantinople and Honorius emperor in Rome.
5655	And they placed
5656	the body of the emperor Theodosius in the Church of the Holy
5657	Apostles in Constantinople.
5658	3. Arcadius and I-Ionorius were very devoted to the Christian
5659	religion. And the Godloving emperor Honorius fell ilJ, a,nd when
5660	his brother Arcadius was apprised (of this) he set out for Rome to
5661	visit him. 4. Now Honorius was in purity and chastity an ascetic,
5662	and though living in the imperial palace, he observed the mode
5663	of life of a hermit.
5664	5. And he pursued a virtuous course marked
5665	with severe discipline and many a hardship.
5666	And he wore a hair
5667	garment under silk clothing which forms the imperial dress, and he
5668	made his bed upon the ground, and fasted every day, and prayed,
5669	1 This is not an accurate account; see note 3 on p. 90.
p. 109
5670	92
5671	THE CHRONICLE 01.1-' JOHN
5672	LXXXIV. 6
5673	and sang psalms, and to his religious exercises added always virtuous
5674	deeds, and despising exceedingly the earthly kingdom, he set his
5675	hopes on the kingdom of heaven, and he was prompt to do that
5676	which is pleasing to God.
5677	6. And he completed all the good
5678	measures which had not been carried into effect by his father, and
5679	he put an cnd to all the evil practices which were displeasing to
5680	God.
5681	7. Now it was the custom amongst his contemporaries that
5682	two men should fight in the arena, and that the victor should slay
5683	the other, without incurring blooc1guiltiness.
5684	8. And in those days
5685	there came to Rome a monk from the east named rrelemachus,
5686	whose life had been like that of the angels or heaven.
5687	9. And
5688	the monk finding them practise such abominable and bloody deeds,
5689	adjured them and solemnly bade them in the name of Jesus Christ
5690	to make peace and to abandon this satanical act of slaying a
5691	brother.
5692	And when they heard these words, they laid aside their
5693	weapons and stoned him with stones and shed the blood of the
5694	man of God, the devoted monk, Telemachus.
5695	10. And when the
5696	holy emperor Honorius was apprised of this event, he put a stop to
5697	this custom in the city of Rome and abolished it.
5698	And the peace
5699	of the glorious and J\10st High God prevailed in the city.
5700	11. And
5701	he destroyed also the unclean temples and made them edifices
5702	consecrated to the holy martyrs.
5703	During the sojourn of the emperor Arcadius in Rome, an officer 1 of
5704	the army, named Gainas, of barbaric descent, revolted, and gathered
5705	forces and made war on the emperor.
5706	And he mustered a large
5707	host of barbarians ~Ll1d he cause<1 great disquiet.
5708	12. Bnt the
5709	emperor Arcadius went forth hastily from Rome (and) arrived at
5710	Byzantium, full of 7.eal for the orthodox faith of his father, and he
5711	slew this usurper Gainas the apostate) who was of the abominable
5712	sect of the Arians. And he abode (thenceforth) in peace.
5713	13. And
5714	afterwards the Godloving emperor Arcadius fell ill and died in the
5715	days of the partriarchate of S. John Chl'ysostom.
5716	14. Now his son
5717	rl'heodosius the younger had been proclaimed emperor before the
5718	death of his father.
5719	15. And when 'rheodosius the younger became emperor a serious
5720	sedition took place in the city of Rome. }-'or the emperor Honorius
5721	1 Cf .• Tohn Mal. 348
5722	rai'vd~ €rvpaVII''lrJEv 0 uV,,!Klv'lTllcos, et}..wv {3a(JLAEUU(l.I.
5723	In
5724	Socrates, Irist. Eccles. vi. 6, he is called comn1andcr~in-ehicf: UTpaTT]AaTT]s 'Pwpalwv
5725	lrrrrtlc~~ TE Kat 1TE(IK~S uvaoEiKVVTat.
p. 110
5726	LXXXIV. 26
5727	BISHOP OF NIKIU
5728	93
5729	had abandoned (the seat of) his empire and withdrawn in indigna-
5730	tion to the city of Ravenna; for many of the senators hated the
5731	emperor Honorius the saint of God because of his good life; for he
5732	feared God and fulfilled all His commandments.1
5733	16. And just
5734	then a chief of the province of Gau1, named Alaric, set out with a
5735	numerous force to seize the city of Rome. 17. And ,vhen he arrived
5736	he came to terms with the enemies of the emperor and they
5737	offered him tribute from the city; but he refused to receive it and
5738	marched to the palace and seized all the imperial possessions.
5739	18. And he carried off the sister of the emperor Honorius, named
5740	Placidia, who was a virgin.
5741	rrhen this conqueror returned into
5742	Gaul.
5743	19. And he had a certain official with him, named Con-
5744	stantius, and he carried off the young girl to her brother the
5745	emperor Honorius without the knowledge of the conqueror.
5746	And
5747	the emperor honoured him and made him a vizier, and later raised
5748	him to the imperial throne, and gave him his virgin sister in
5749	marriage.
5750	20. And subsequently they two, the emperor Honorius
5751	and Constantius, set out from the city of Ravenna and made them-
5752	selves masters of Rome, and put to death the men who had
5753	originated the sedition against their lord, the emperor Honorius,
5754	and these were four in number.
5755	And he confiscated their posses-
5756	sions and broke the power of that rebel.
5757	21. And he gave his
5758	(Roman) empire to his sister's husband Constantius, and the God-
5759	loving emperor Honorius went to Constantinople, where he made
5760	the younger Theodosius, his nephew, his colleague in the empire.
5761	22. But after a short time he returned to the city of Rome, for
5762	he had fallen grievously ill owing to his excessive devotion to the
5763	religious and ascetic life with fasting and prayer.
5764	And his limbs
5765	swelled and he died, and he departed from this perishable world in
5766	his virginity and without a son. 23. Now Constantius the emperor
5767	of Rome bad by Placidia, the sister of the emperor Honorius, a son
5768	whom he named Valentinian.
5769	24. But there arose a usurper named
5770	John who made himself master of his empire by force. 2
5771	25. And after the death of Honorius his uncle, Theodosius the
5772	younger reigned alone in Constantinople.
5773	And when he grew up
5774	to manhood, as he was still unmarried, he was urgently pressed by
5775	his sisters, Areadia, Marina, and Pulcheria, to many and have
5776	children.
5777	26. But he replied to them: 'I will only marry a girl
5778	1 Contrn:'lt .Tohn Mal. 349-50.
5779	2 Cf .. Tohn Mal. 350.
p. 111
5780	94
5781	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
5782	LXXXIV. 27
5783	who is a virgin, comely, beautiful, Godloving, and wise.'
5784	27. And
5785	after this reply they sought for him in every city of the empire, but
5786	there was none such among the imperial princesses nor among
5787	families of noble descent.
5788	And they traversed every region (in
5789	their search).
5790	(At last) they found a woman who had come to
5791	Constantjllople, who was very beautiful and surpassed all the
5792	women of the time.
5793	28. She was at variance with her brothers on
5794	the question of her father's property, and she had come to complain
5795	to the emperor of the injustice she had undergone.
5796	And the girl's name was Athenais tthat is, by interpretation t,I
5797	Eudocia.
5798	29. Now her father, whose name was Heraclitus,2 had
5799	two sons, of whom one was named Va,lerian and the other Genesius,3
5800	and this daughter whom we have mentioned.
5801	30. And their father
5802	on dying commanded them to give his daughter one hundred
5803	mithqals 4 of gold as her portion.
5804	But she refused (to accept them),
5805	for she was displeased, and said: 'Do I not deserve to have an equal
5806	portion of the inheritance with my brothers?'
5807	But they refused,
5808	and drove her forth from her father's house. 31. Then her mother's
5809	sister received her and escorted her from the province of HelIas and
5810	brought her to the city of A wttLmon and placed her with her
5811	father's brother.5
5812	32. Now there was there a sister of a man
5813	named Heraclitus G a philosopher, who resided in the city of
5814	Byzantium.
5815	And she resortcd to an artifice by means of which
5816	he conducted the girl into the presence of the emperor's sisters.
5817	33. On learning that the girl was a virgin, they had her brought
5818	to them in the palace and informed the emperor regarding her.
5819	And he approached her and looked upon her topenlyt 7 and she
5820	pleased him. And he had her converted to Christianity and she was
5821	named Eudocia; for previously she had been a pagan of the sect of
5822	1 A misrendering of ;, I!a2 Evliol![a }1-ETal!A7]8Elaa.
5823	Cf. John Mal. 353.
5824	Hence
5825	render 'who was also called Eudocia '.
5826	'rhis latter name she received on
5827	becoming a Christian (ChTon. Pasch. 312).
5828	2 So also Ch)'on. Pasch. 311.
5829	But according to Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. 21,
5830	,John :Mal. 353, Codrenus i. 590, he was named Leontius.
5831	3 John Mal. 353 gives Gesius.
5832	4 An Arabic word. The Greek in John Mal. is 1I0}1-La}1-aTa, but in Cedrenus
5833	i. 590 we have Xpv(J{ov JlO}1-ta}1-aTa.
5834	G In John Mal. 354 and Chron. Pasch. 312 there is nothing corresponding
5835	to the words' A \V~fi.mtm .•• father's brother'.
5836	6 Text has the corrupt form Lafrels. In vel'. 29 it is also corruptly written
5837	Abrelakles.
5838	7 John Mal. has lila TaU f3f]J...OV, 'through a curtain '.
p. 112
5839	LXXXIV. 43
5840	BISHOP OP NIKIU
5841	95
5842	the philosophers.
5843	34. (And) he married her according to the law
5844	of the Christians and celebrated a nuptial feast in her honour and
5845	also made her empress.
5846	And when her brothers heard regarding
5847	her that she had become the wife of the emperor Theodosius and
5848	had been proclaimed empress, they were terrified and fled into the
5849	province of Hellas.
5850	35. She sent a letter to them and had them
5851	brought from Athens to Constantinople, and she promoted them to
5852	high positions near the emperor and set Genesius over the province
5853	of Illyria, and Valerian she set over the army.
5854	36. And later she
5855	said unto them: '1£ you had not done me wrong I should not have
5856	come to the imperial city and become empress, but by the will of
5857	God I have come hither.
5858	I will not do unto you as you have done
5859	to me.'
5860	37. rrhereupon they bowed to the earth and did her
5861	homage.
5862	And subsequently she bare a daughter and named her
5863	Eudoxia after the name of the mother of Theodosius.
5864	38. And in the days of this emperor Theodosius dissensions arose
5865	in the church at Constantinople because of the banishment of the
5866	blessed patriarch John Chrysostom, who had been banished in
5867	the days of Arcadius the father of rl'heodosius because of the empress
5868	Eudoxia's anger in regard to the vineyard of the widow.
5869	39. There was likewise a great earthquake in the imperial city.
5870	And the emperor was profoundly grieved-he and all the senators
5871	and priests and people together, and for many days they walked
5872	with bare feet.
5873	40. And the Isaurians seized the city of Seleucia in Syria in
5874	a marauding expedition unexpectedly, * and likewise the city of
5875	Tiberias.1
5876	And they pillaged all its possessions and they marched
5877	by the mountain named Amanus and returned to their country
5878	Isauria.
5879	41. And all the people were ignorant as to the reason for
5880	which S. John Chrysostom was banished for so long a period till
5881	the death of the empress Eudoxia.
5882	42. Now at this period there
5883	was a patriarch in the city of Constantinople, named Atticus, who
5884	had lived so wisely and after good counsels that he prevailed on the
5885	emperor Theodosius to write to the holy and wise Cyril, patriarch
5886	of Alexandria, who had been appointed after Timothy, that the
5887	name of the holy John Chrysostom should be enrolled in the diptychs
5888	of the church together with all the patriarchs who had died before.
5889	43. The holy Cyril accepted this proposal with great joy; for he
5890	1 Not found in John Mal. 3G3.
p. 113
5891	96
5892	THE CHRONICLE Oli' JOHN
5893	LXXXIV. 44
5894	loved the Godloving, holy, orthodox John Chrysostom, and honoured
5895	him as a great teacher.
5896	44. And owing to this circumstance there
5897	was great joy in the churches.
5898	And the emperor Theodosius gave
5899	large sums to the churches and rebuilt in a befitting manner those
5900	which had been destroyed.
5901	45. And in those days the orthodox inhabitants of Alexandria
5902	were filled with zeal and they collected a large quantity of wood
5903	and burned the place of the heathen philosophers.1
5904	46. But the emperor rrheodosius did not forget nor forsake the
5905	city of llome, but he sent to it an officer named Aspar, with
5906	a numerous army in order to war against John the usurper.
5907	And
5908	be warred against John the rebel and overcame him, and saved
5909	Valentinian, the son of his aunt Placidia, whom ·she bare to
5910	Constantius.
5911	47. And he placed him near his person) and married
5912	him to his daughter whom the empress Eudocia bare him.
5913	And
5914	(Valentinian) begat two daughters by her, and named the one
5915	Eudoxia and the other Placidia.
5916	48. And ('l'heodosius) chose a man from among the philosophers,
5917	named Cyrus) and appointed him prefect.
5918	And he was a wise man
5919	and of severe integrity j and he was incorruptible and walked in
5920	integrity and uprightness.
5921	49. Moreover he loved to restore the
5922	buildings (of the city).
5923	rfhe towers 2 which had long been in a
5924	ruinous condition he rebuilt in a short time, and he was without
5925	pride and was greatly loved by all the inhabitants of Con8tantinople.
5926	50. And on the occasion of a famine,3 the emperor rrheodosius
5927	saw all the people acclaiming and honouring Cyrus the prefect.
5928	(And certain people) were jealous of him and accused him to the
5929	emperor rrheodosius, saying: (It is his intention to rebel and usurp
5930	thy power.'
5931	51. And the emperor listened to their calumnies and
5932	had the man arrested, subjected to many punishments, and deprived
5933	of all his possessions [and had him conducted into the palace]. 4
5934	It was not on the ground or these calumnies only that he did so,
5935	but because or the acclamations of the people: (He is a second
5936	1 This verse would apparently refer to the death of Hypatia recounted in
5937	Socrates, His!. Eccles. vii. 15, but that out' author treats of this at length in
5938	!xxxiv. 87 sqq.
5939	2 Cedrenus i. 599 has TflxoS.
5940	S In John Mal., Chron. Pasch., and Ccdrenus tIle ovent that follows is said to
5941	11:1\'0 occnrred in tho circus.
5942	4 An interpolation.
5943	I
5944	I
p. 114
5945	LXXXIV.6r
5946	BISHOP OF NIKIU
5947	97
5948	emperor like the great Constantine.'
5949	52. And for this reason the
5950	emperor was wroth against him (and) desired to put him to death.
5951	53. And when he heard of this purpose (of the emperor) he fled
5952	into a church, and was there appointed metropolitan of the city of
5953	Smyrna in the province of Asia, for (there) the people had previously
5954	put their bishop to death.
5955	54. And when he was ordained
5956	metropolitan of the city of Smyrna, he made a great and long
5957	prayer to the God of heaven because He had saved him from the
5958	death threatened by calumny.
5959	55. And whilst he was so engaged,
5960	the festival of the Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ arrived.
5961	The people and the priests placed him on the throne as was
5962	customary for the bishops, and requested him as follows: (Speak
5963	to us regarding the greatness and the glory and the praise of the
5964	Omnipotent and regarding His holy Nativity.'
5965	56. And he spoke
5966	first to them regarding his deliverance from death, and next he
5967	addressed them as follows: 'Know ye, my brethren, that this
5968	day is the day of the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus
5969	Christ. 57. Let us honour him as is befitting, for it was of his own
5970	will alone that He was conceived in the womb of the holy Virgin
5971	Mary j for He is the primaeval Word the Creator-praise be unto
5972	Him-together with His Father (supremely) good and the Holy
5973	Lifegiving Spirit, Consubstantial Trinity for evermore.'
5974	58. And
5975	all the inhabitants of the city honoured him and he continued dis-
5976	charging the ministry and the sacred services without intermission.
5977	He fulfilled his sacerdotal duty till he died in (all) honour.
5978	59. And likewise in the days of the emperor Theodosius there
5979	died Atticus and Sisinnius, patriarchs of Constantinople.
5980	And
5981	after their death they brought from Antioch to ConstantinopJe
5982	N estorius, in order to teach there because he represented himself to
5983	be like the ascetics and those learned in the Scriptures: and they
5984	ordained him patriarch there, and he became the scourge of the
5985	Christians in every country.
5986	60. For at once he set himself to
5987	teach and blaspheme God: and he refused to believe that the holy
5988	Virgin ~1:ary was the mother of God, but called her the mother of
5989	Christ, saying that Christ had two natures j and so there arose many
5990	dissensions and great tumults in the city of Constantinople on this
5991	subject.
5992	61. They obliged the emperor Theodosius to summon
5993	a council of bishops in Ephesus from all the world. And those
5994	who assembled, being in number two hundred, excommunicated and
5995	Il
p. 115
5996	98
5997	THE CHRONICI.JE OF JOHN
5998	LXXXIV. 62
5999	deposed N estorius and his followers. Now these subsequently returned.
6000	to the holy faith together with John, patriarch of Antioch. 62. They
6001	agreed with the two hundred bishops and with our holy Cyril) patriarch
6002	of Alexandria) and they confirmed this faith and rejected N estorius
6003	because he taught the same false doctrine as Apollinaris.
6004	63. And
6005	there remained but a few of those who had. created the tumult and.
6006	followed N estorius, whereas the orthodox believers grew strong and.
6007	multiplied exceediugly during the days of the emperor Theodosius,
6008	till Archelaus, who was set over the east) joined them and became
6009	one with us in the right faith.
6010	64. And there remained but a few
6011	who persisted in the error of N estorius.
6012	And so the churches
6013	enjoyed tranquillity and peace all the days of the Godloving
6014	emperor rrheodosius.
6015	65. These are the patriarchs who lived in Constantinople in the
6016	days of rrheodosius, i. e. the wise patriarchs Maximian and Proclus.
6017	66. The wise Proclus had studied diligently as a child, and when he
6018	grew up, he was fitted to remain in the city in the devout service of
6019	God.
6020	And he attended continually on the patriarch Atticus and
6021	wrote down and learnt all the teachings of God.
6022	67. And
6023	subsequently they ordained him deacou, and when he was older
6024	they made him a priest. And Sisinnius, who was appointed patriarch
6025	after Atticus, consecrated him bishop of Cyzieum and gave it this
6026	great gift j but the inhabitants of this town refused it j for they
6027	were not worthy to receive this chosen vessel of God.
6028	68. And so
6029	(Proclus) remained in solitude in Byzantium) while N estorius as
6030	patriarch was disturbing the churches, by creating hatred against
6031	our Lady the holy Virgin Mary, the mother of God.
6032	69. Now the
6033	holy Proclus composed a treatise on our Lady) the holy Virgin
6034	1\1ary, the mother of God, and read it in the church of Constantinople
6035	before the people assembled there, and he strongly reproved N estorius
6036	in his treatise because his heart was set on destruction.
6037	70. And in
6038	the beginning of his treatise it was written as follows: 'Let us
6039	celebrate the festival of the Virgin and proclaim with our tongue
6040	these words: 'ro-day let us praise Mary the mother of God.' 1
6041	And when all the people heard these words) they glorified our Lady
6042	and gave thanks to her) and admired exceedingly. 71. And ProcIus
6043	1 This homily is placed at the beginning of the Acts of the Council of
6044	Ephesus: llavOEvLlo)
6045	1TaJl~'Yup,s ("7J-tfPOJl
6046	T~II "It-wTTall f]J-tWII, d.BEACPO[, 1TpOS EVCPTJJ-tt.all
6047	Kat-El (Zotcnberg).
p. 116
6048	LXXXIV. 78
6049	BISHOP OF NIKIU
6050	99
6051	having thus touched the heart of the emperor Theodosius and of all
6052	the people, they were eager to raise him to the throne (of the
6053	patriarchate) in Constantinople after the exile and deposition of
6054	N estorius.
6055	But certain of the chief people of the city arose and
6056	said out of envy: ' This man has been bishop of a small city: how
6057	can he be the shepherd of this great city?'
6058	72. And for this
6059	reason they appointed Maximian 1 to the patriarchate of Constanti-
6060	nople.
6061	Now he was a Godfearing priest, but he was not equal to
6062	ProcIus in wisdom and learning.
6063	And he occupied the throne of
6064	the patriarchate for two years and six months, leading a solitary
6065	life of devotion, and he died in peace.
6066	73. Then the emperor
6067	Theodosius made Proclus come forward before the interment of
6068	Maximian, and commanded that he should be raised to the
6069	(patriarchal) throne of Constantinople.
6070	And accordingly Celestine, .
6071	patriarch of Rome, wrote to the patriarch of Alexandria and to other
6072	bishops regarding Proclus.
6073	74. And they sent him an answer as
6074	follows: ' The canon law of the church does not debar Proclus from
6075	occupying the -patriarchal throne of Alexandria j for it is by the
6076	command of God.'
6077	75. And so Proclus occupied (the patriarchal
6078	throne) with honour and distinction, and guided wisely the interests /
6079	of his flock in the imperial city and strove against those who
6080	followed the errors of N estorius.
6081	76. And he wrote a letter and
6082	sent it to the illustrious t Armenius t 2 in which he combated
6083	Theodore of Mopsuestia and the heretic N estorius and anathematized
6084	and excommunicated them in his letter.
6085	And already in the days
6086	of the blessed :l\1aximian who went to his rest, the east had been
6087	cleansed from the pollutions of the heretic N estorius and peace had
6088	been established in the Church.
6089	77. And Proclus also brought back the body of the holy John
6090	Chrysostom to Constantinople.
6091	Five and forty years had passed
6092	since his banishment to the island named 'rhrace in the days of the
6093	Christ-loving emperor Theodosius the elder.
6094	78. And he placed the
6095	body in the church of the holy Apostles where repose (also)
6096	the bodies of the holy Fathers the patriarchs who had fulfilled their
6097	course virtuously and in the orthodox faith in Constantinople.
6098	1 See Socrates, Ilist. Eccles. vii. 35.
6099	2 In 436 the Armenian bishops consulted Proclus on certain doctrines attri-
6100	buted to Theodore of Mopsuestiu. In the following year Proclus replied in his
6101	well-known letter 7rfpt 7r{aTfOYi.
6102	n2
p. 117
6103	100
6104	rrHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
6105	LXXXIV. 79
6106	79. And as for the other bishops who had been wrongfully banished
6107	with him (S. Chrysostom), whom he 1 could not bring back in the
6108	days of the blessed Atticus, the severed members were united
6109	together, and he made them one,2 and thus discord disappeared
6110	from the churches. 3
6111	80. And he composed a treatise worthy of the
6112	holy John Chrysostom in which he besought God to pardon the sins
6113	of the parents of the emperor Theodosius the younger-the sin they
6114	had committed against the holy John Chrysostom.
6115	81. In the days of this emperor also the barbarians who had
6116	survi ved the defeat of John the usurper reunited and proceeded
6117	to invade the Roman territories.
6118	82. And when the Godloving
6119	cm peror was informed of this event, he meditated, as was his wont,
6120	and turned his thoughts to our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus
6121	Christ-praise be unto Him-and he fasted and prayed.
6122	83. And he was merciful to the poor and compassionate to the
6123	destitute and he devoted himself to the works which are pleasing
6124	to God with integrity and that which is beyond (all) these works.
6125	84. He commanded Proclns and all the priests and monks to pray
6126	to God on his behalf that victory should be given to him over his
6127	ad versaries and that his efforts should not be exerted in vain.
6128	85. And God heard his prayer and the barbaric chief named Roilas
6129	died.
6130	Indeed God struck him with a thunderbolt (and) be was
6131	speedily destroyed, and many of them died by this death which was
6132	sent from God.
6133	And fire likewise came down from heaven and
6134	destroyed those that remained.
6135	86. And all the peoples of the
6136	earth recognized by this event that the God of the Christians is
6137	great, and the righteousness and faith of the Godloving emperor
6138	rrheodosius were made known.
6139	87. And in those days there appeared in Alexandria a female
6140	philosopher, a pagan named Hypatia, and she was devoted at
6141	all times to magic, astrolabes and instruments of music, and she
6142	beguiled many people through (her) Satanic wiles.
6143	88. And the
6144	governor of the city honoured her exceedingly; for she had
6145	beguiled him through her magic. And he ceased attending church
6146	as had been his custom. t But he went once under circumstances
6147	1 So MSS.
6148	2 CL Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. 45 01 at' ahov XWpl(OJ-l.EVOt TV fICIC"-TWtq. TjvW01]C1av.
6149	Zotenberg quite mistranslates the text.
6150	:l The clause 'and thus ... from the churches' is transposed in the text
6151	before ' the severed 111e1111;ors '.
p. 118
6152	LXXXIV. 96
6153	BISHOP OF NIKIU
6154	101
6155	of danger. t
6156	And he not only did this, but. he drew many believers
6157	to her, and he himself received the unbelievers at his house.
6158	89. And on a certain day when they were making merry over a
6159	l.~theatrical exhibition connected with dancers,! the governor of the
6160	\,,~ city 2 published (an edict) regarding 3 the public exhibitions in
6161	I
6162	:the city of Alexandria: 4 and all the inhabitants of the city had
6163	,/,/' I assembled there (in the theatre).
6164	90. Now Cyril, who had been
6165	appointed patriarch after Theophilus, was eager to gain exact
6166	intelligence regarding this edict.
6167	91. And there was a m:in named
6168	I-lierax,5 a Christian possessing understanding and' intelligence,
6169	who used to mock the pagans but was a devoted adherent of the
6170	illustrious Father the patriarch and was obedient to his monitions.
6171	He was also well versed in the Christian faith.
6172	92. (Now this .
6173	man attended the theatre to learn the nature of this edict.)
6174	But
6175	when the Jews saw him in the theatre they cried out and said:
6176	'This man has not come with any good purpose, but only to provoke
6177	an uproar.'
6178	93. And Orestes the prefect was displeased with the
6179	children of the holy church; and had Hierax seized and subjected
6180	to punishment publicly in the theatre, although he was whoI1y
6181	guiltless.
6182	94. And Cyril was wroth with the governor of the city
6183	for so doing, and likewise for his putting to death an illustrious
6184	monk of the convent of Pernodj 6 named Ammonius, and other
6185	monks (also).
6186	And when the chief magistrate 7 of the city heard
6187	,this, he sent word to the Jews as follows: 'Cease your hostilities
6188	against the Christians.'
6189	95. But they refused to hearken to what
6190	they heard; for they gloried in the support of the prefect who was
6191	with them, and so they added outrage to outrage and plotted a
6192	massacre through a treacherous device.
6193	96. And they posted
6194	beside them at night in all the streets of the city certain men,
6195	while others cried out and said: 'The church of the apostolic
6196	1 The text here reads liCllmll: which I take to be a corrupt transliteration
6197	of opxr}<1Trk
6198	Cf. Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. 13, where he speaks of the fondness
6199	of the Alexandrians 1TfP~ '«1> OPX1](JTaS.
6200	2 The text adds' and he '.
6201	S I have emended Ohm: into 0 =' regarding'.
6202	4 Cf. Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. ] 3 Toil ••• frTapxOV
6203	1ToA£TELaJl (= 01]J.WT£l'~JI
6204	O£UTV7TCV(J£JI) ~JI -ro/ ()erlTprp 1TO£OUJlTOS.
6205	11 Cf. Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. 13.
6206	6 The Coptic word for the desert of Nitria, according to Zotenberg.
6207	Cf.
6208	Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. 14.
6209	7 This is apparently wrong. It should be 'Cyril '.
p. 119
6210	102
6211	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
6212	Athanasius is on fire: come to its succour, all ye Christians.'
6213	97. And the Christians on hearing their cry came forth quit,e
6214	ignorant of the treachery of the Jews.
6215	And when the Christians
6216	came forth, the Jews arose and wickedly massacred the Christians
6217	and shed the blood of many, guiltless though they were.
6218	98. And
6219	in the morning, when the surviving Christians heard of the wicked
6220	deed which the Jews had wrought, they betook themselves to the
6221	patriarch.
6222	And the Christians mustered all together and went and
6223	marched in wrath to the synagogues of the Jews and took possession
6224	of them, and purified them and converted them into churches. AmI
6225	one of them they named after the name or S. GeOl'ge.
6226	99. And
6227	as for the Jewish assassins they expelled them from the city, and
6228	pillaged all their possessions and drove them forth wholly despoiled,
6229	andOrestes the prefect was unable to render them any help. 100.And
6230	thereafter a multitude of believers in God arose under the guidance
6231	of Peter the magistrate-now this Peter was a perfect believer
6232	in all respects in Jesus Christ-and they proceeded to seek for the
6233	pagan woman who had heguiled the people of the city and the prefect
6234	through her enchantments.
6235	101. And when they learnt the place
6236	where she was, they proceeded to her and found her seated on a
6237	(lofty) chair; and having made her descend they dragged her along
6238	till they brought her to the great church, named Caesarion.
6239	Now
6240	this was in the days of the fast.
6241	102. And they tare off her
6242	clothing and dragged her [till they brought her] through the
6243	streets of the city till she died.
6244	And they carried her to a place
6245	named Cinaron, and they burned her body with fire.
6246	103. And all
6247	the people surrounded the patriareh Cyril and named him (the new
6248	'rheophilus'; for he had destroyed the last remains of idolatry in
6249	the city.
6250	CHAPTElt LXXXV. 1. And some time after this event the Jews in
6251	a place named Kemterja 1 between Chalcedon and Antioch in Syria
6252	were amusing themselves after their customary manner in drinking
6253	and debauchery.
6254	2. And they performed a play in which they
6255	brought forward one amongst them and named him Christ and
6256	bowed down to him in mockery.
6257	And they blasphemed the cross
6258	and those who trusted in the Crucified.
6259	3. And when they had
6260	insolently perpetrated this sacrilege) they took a child and bound
6261	1 Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. 16, reads 'IJlfl-Hl7'ap
6262	• • •
6263	fl-E7'a~V XOA"tI50S "at
6264	, AVTloxdas.
p. 120
6265	LX.XXVI·9
6266	BISHOP OF NIKIU
6267	103
6268	him on the cross and mocked him, and as their feelings grew more
6269	vehement 1 they put the child to death.
6270	And the child died
6271	courageously.
6272	4. And when the Christians heard of the atrocities
6273	committed by the Jews, they were exceedingly wroth because of the
6274	evil deeds and came and attacked them, and many of them died.
6275	5. And when the emperor Theodosius was told of the atrocities
6276	committed by the Jews, he commanded the magistrates of tlle
6277	province to punish the criminals.
6278	6. And they punished the Jews
6279	that were in the east and took vengeance on all the mockers who
6280	had mocked Christ and His faithful ones.
6281	7. And in those days many of the Jews in Crete believed and
6282	became Christians ill: consequence of the greatness of the persecution
6283	that befell them.
6284	CHAPTElt LX XXVI.
6285	1. And there was a Jew named Flslds
6286	who in his own person played the role of impostor, saying: (I am
6287	Moses the chief of the prophets; for I have been sent from heaven
6288	by God.
6289	2. I have come to conduct the Jews who dwell in this
6290	island through the sea, and I will establish you in the land of
6291	promise.'
6292	3. And by these means he led them astray, saying unto
6293	them: (I am he that delivered your fathers out of the hand of
6294	Pharaoh when they were in bondage to the Egyptians/ 4. And he
6295	spent an entire year in traversing Crete and proclaiming this event
6296	and leading them astray in an the cities and villages.
6297	5. And he
6298	prevailed on them to abandon their industries and to despise their
6299	goods and possessions.
6300	And so they dissipated all that they had.
6301	6. And when the day which he had fixed for leading them out
6302	drew near, he commanded them to come with their wives and
6303	children and follow him to the sea-shore, and cast themselves into
6304	the sea.
6305	And many perished, some through the fall and others
6306	from being engulfed in the depths of the sea.
6307	7. But God who
6308	loves mankind had compassion on His creatures and saved them lest
6309	they should all perish by this hard fate.
6310	8. And many Christians
6311	who were present on the spot at the time in order to see (what
6312	would happen) saved a large number from being drowned in the
6313	sea.
6314	The rest who had not cast themselves into the sea were saved
6315	by this means.
6316	9. And when they saw that the false prophet had
6317	perished,2 engulfed in the sea, they recognized thereupon that he
6318	1 I have emended R"f.l: into R"f.O:
6319	2 According to Socrates, Tfist. Eccles. vii. 38, he escaped.
6320	./
p. 121
6321	104
6322	rrHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
6323	LXXXVI. 10
6324	was an impostor, and forth with abandoned their erroneous belief.
6325	10. Through these means many Jews turned to our Lord Jesus
6326	Christ and received the light of holy life-giving baptism and
6327	believed in our Lord Jesus Christ.
6328	11. (This event took place) in
6329	the days of the Godloving emperor Theodosius the younger and in
6330	those or Atticus, patriarch of the great city or Constantinople.
6331	CUAPTER LXXXVII. 1. And during the childhood of the emperor
6332	Theodosius, when he was learning the holy Scriptures inspired by
6333	God, he had with him a child named Paulinus, the son of a vizier
6334	'. who learnt with him, and they grew up together.
6335	2. And the
6336	emperor Theodosius loved him and appointed him an emperor in
6337	; the third degree, a dignity that is called 1\1:aster (of the imperial
6338	. household).l
6339	3. And he reclined frequently at table with the
6340	emperor and empress; for a strong friendship existed between
6341	them.
6342	4. And after some time Paulinus fell ill, and when he was
6343	ill a certain officer highly honoured by the emperor brought 2 him
6344	an apple that was wholly out of season, and the emperor and all his
6345	court who saw it admired the appearance of the apple.
6346	5. The
6347	emperor gave one hundred gold dinars to the man wbo had brought
6348	the apple.
6349	(And) he sent that apple to his wife.
6350	And she indeed
6351	sent it to Paulinus because of his illness and her affection for him.
6352	6. Now Paulinus was not aware that the emperor had given it
6353	to the empress, and so as the emperor came just at that moment to
6354	pay Paulinus a visit, he sa,w that apple in his possession and forth-
6355	with proceeded to the palace and called for the empress, and said
6356	unto her: 'Where is the apple which I gave thee?'
6357	7. And she
6358	fearing lest the emperor should be offended with her, was not
6359	willing to avow the truth, and said: 'I have eaten it as I was
6360	not aware that you would question me regarding it.'
6361	And the
6362	emperor further said unto her: 'Hast thou not sent it to some
6363	one?)
6364	And she denied again.
6365	8. Then the emperor ordered the
6366	apple to be brought, and the empress Eudocia was greatly put to
6367	shame.
6368	And a sense of pain and offence existed between them for
6369	a long time.
6370	9. And subsequently the empress told the emperor all
6371	tha,t had happened, a.nd confirmed her statement by a terrible oath,
6372	1 ,£,9D ~fl.('J: corrupt, owing to corrupt transliteration of the Arabic of
6373	l\la'YL(rTpo~.
6374	Cf. John Mal. 356 rrp01)'Ya'YETo aVT()v pa'Y1(JTPOV.
6375	2 There is no need of the additions made to the text by Zotenberg. The only
6376	change needed i:; to read the verb in the singular instead of in the plural.
p. 122
6377	LXXXVII. 18
6378	BISHOP 0}.11 NIKIU
6379	105
6380	and she persuaded the emperor that she had feared aforetime and
6381	had not told the truth because of t.he offence (she was likely to
6382	give) and the fear wherewith she feared him.
6383	10. Now Paulinus feared greatly and said within himself: 'It
6384	is better for the ailing man to remn,in in his ailment; for when he
6385	recovers from his ailment he conceives evil designs in his heart.
6386	Iror he ill-treated Mar Basilius who belonged to the solitaries of
6387	the desert) who had been rejected by the heretics.'
6388	11. Some days
6389	later it was told the emperor that Paulinus was forming rebellious
6390	designs n,nd was revolting against the emperor and preparing a
6391	revolt.
6392	And accordingly he had him executed, as (Paulinus) had
6393	wished to deal similarly with the Godloving emperor.
6394	] 2. And the
6395	empress Eudocia and the emperor Theodosius loved him greatly and
6396	honoured him exceedingly. 13. But lying historians who are heretics
6397	and abiue not by the truth have recounted and said that Paulinus
6398	was put to death because of the empress Eudocia.
6399	But the empress
6400	IJ· Eudocia was wise and chaste, spotless and perfect in all her conduct.
6401	\"'{,
6402	14. And the emperor rrheodosius sent a letter to the desert of
6403	\ I Scete in Egypt in order to consult the saints because he had no
6404	:' male offspring to succeed him on the throne.
6405	15. And the saints
6406	wrote as follows: (When thou quittest this world) the faith of thy
6407	fathers will be changed; for God out of love to thee has not given
6408	thee a male offspring lest it should become wicked.'
6409	16. And the
6410	emperor Theodosius and his wife were alike pained by this com-
6411	munication, and they abandoned all conjugal intercourse and lived)
6412	by mutual consent) in befitting chastity.
6413	17. And after they had
6414	married their illustrious daughter Eudoxia to Valentinian the
6415	emperor of the west, as we have already recounted) and they had
6416	consummated the nuptials in Constantinople) the bridegroom and
6417	his consort set out for Rome.
6418	18. Thereupon the empress Eudocia requested the Godloving
6419	emperor Theodosius to permit her to visit the holy places in
6420	Jerusalem and to worship there in righteousness.
6421	For she had
6422	vowed a vow as follows: (When I have accomplished the nuptials of
6423	my daughter I will visit the holy places, and I will pay my vow to
6424	the Lord in the courts of the house of the Lord before all the
6425	people in the midst of J erusalem.1
6426	And I will pray to God to
6427	1 Ps. cxvi. 18-19. The text differs from the Ethiopic v(3rsion in respect of
6428	the verb.
6429	/
p. 123
6430	106
6431	'l'HE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
6432	LXXXVII. 19
6433	preserve thy empire for a long period in peace.'
6434	19. The emperor
6435	having agreed to this recluest wrote to the governors of every
6436	province to make preparations for a fitting reception of the empress.
6437	20. And he arranged tbat Cyril, patriarch of Alexandria, should
6438	accompany her to Jerusalem, and bless her and instruct bel' in the
6439	doing of good works.
6440	21. 1'hus all her prayers to God were ac-
6441	complished for her: and she arrived in Jerusalem, and she restored
6442	the churches and thr, courts 1 of the convent of the religious virgins
6443	and the hospice for pilgrims, and she gave them great endowments.
6444	22. And sbe rebuilt likewise the wa1ls of Jerusalem which had been
6445	in ruins from an early period. 2
6446	And she accomplisbed with vigour
6447	all her undertakings.
6448	Then the empress withdrew from the world
6449	and lived in solitude.
6450	23. And the emperor also gave himself to fasting and prayer
6451	and to the singing of psalms and hymns, and he pursued a virtuous
6452	course.
6453	And his virgin sisters, who were older than he, the ble8sed
6454	Arcadia and l\ifarina" had died before the empress quitted the
6455	palace, and gone to Christ whom they loved.
6456	24. And during the sojourn of the empress in Jerusalem, the
6457	holy Cyril, patriarch of Alexandria, and John) patriarch of Antioch,
6458	died.
6459	25. Then the N estorian heretics reappeared, the twelve
6460	bishops of the east, who had concealed themselves from the holy
6461	patriarch Cyril, who denied the Holy Trinity and divided Christ
6462	into two natures.
6463	26. And also the heretical bishops of Con-
6464	stantinople and of the other provinces met together apart by
6465	themselves without the knowledge of anyone, and said: (The
6466	separation of the emperor and the empress has not been due to
6467	a desire to serve God, but they have separated through mutual
6468	hatred because of Paulinus.'
6469	27. It was for this reason that the
6470	emperor was indignant with the patria,rch Flavian and his associates,
6471	and said unto them: (Tbe fire (which had been lighted) by the
6472	N estorians, and was extinguished, ye have kindled anew.'
6473	For
6474	they had caused many troubles in the churches. 28. But Pulcberia,
6475	the emperor 1'heodosius's sister, protected the patriarch Flavian, but
6476	she was not able to protect him openly because she feared the
6477	strength of the empire of the emperor Theodosius j for he was
6478	1 No addition to the text is here necessary.
6479	I have omitted ID before
6480	Ol/1-J!l;
6481	2 The account is somewhat different in Socrates, Hist. Eccles. vii. 47.
6482	1
p. 124
6483	LXXXVII. 37
6484	BISHOP OF NIKIU
6485	107
6486	wroth with those who said, There were two natures in Christ after
6487	there had been one.
6488	But those who devised this evil conception
6489	laboured in vain.
6490	29. Now the emperor's sister, Pulcheria, pursuing an evil course,
6491	\ besought him to give her a garden. And the emperor accomplished
6492	\ the object of her desire.
6493	And she wrote a fraudulent document to
6494	\ this effect: (rrhe entire palace, courts, and gardens of the empress
6495	have been given to me by the emperor,' and she gave it to the
6496	emperor to sign in his own hand.
6497	30. And when the document
6498	was read before the entire senate, Pulcheria arose, and taking her
6499	stand in the midst of the men without shame reproved the emperor
6500	in insolent terms and said unto him: 'Thou hast done with
6501	negligence the duties of imperial government.'
6502	31. And when he
6503	took the document and wished to read it and sign it, he saw written .-
6504	therein the fonowing words: (The empress Eudocia has become
6505	my slave.' 32. And when the emperor saw this he was exceedingly
6506	wroth both because of Pulcheria's insolence and her lack of shame.
6507	33. And he had her seized and transported to a certain place, and
6508	he commanded the patriarch to lay his hands upon her and ordain
6509	her a deaconess.
6510	And for this reason there was great enmity and '
6511	hatred between the empress Eudocia and Pulcheria.
6512	And so the
6513	emperor was parted from his sister Pulcheria.
6514	34. And subsequently the emperor ordered a second council to
6515	be convoked in Ephesus, and he likewise ordered Dioscorus, the
6516	patriarch of Alexandria, who was appointed after Cyril, to be
6517	present.
6518	35. And Flavian, patriarch of Constantinople, and
6519	Eusebius, bishop of Dorylaeum, and Domnus, patriarch of Antioch,
6520	and Ibas and John and Theodoret, and t }VIftdjus t, bishops of the
6521	east, were deposed,l
6522	And after this event the excellent emperor
6523	Theodosius fell ill and departed from this life and went to God.
6524	36. And while the empress Eudocia was living in solitude in the
6525	holy places of Jerusalem, Pulcheria audaciously promulgated an
6526	imperial decree without taking the ad vice of Valentinian the
6527	emperor of Rome or that of the chief officers and senate, and
6528	married Marcian, the commander-in-chief of the army, and placed
6529	the imperial crown on his head and made him emperor.
6530	And she
6531	became his wife and sacrificed her virginity.
6532	37. During his life-
6533	1 Cf. Evagrius i. 10.
6534	I
6535	!
p. 125
6536	]08
6537	ffHE CHllONICLE OP JOHN
6538	LXXXVII. 38
6539	time the emperor had guarded her, without any desire on her part,
6540	Jest any stranger should come in to her and then proceed to seize his
6541	imperial throne.
6542	38. And on the clay of :Marcian's accession there was darkness
6543	over all the ea-rth from the fi rst honr of the day till the evening.
6544	A nd that darkness was like that which had been in the land of
6545	Egypt in the days of J\1.oses the chief of the prophets.
6546	39. And
6547	there was great fear and alarm among all the inhabit.ants of
6548	Constantinople.
6549	ffhey wept and lament.ed and raised dirges and
6550	cried aloud exceedingly, and imagined that the end of the world
6551	was at hand.
6552	40. And the senate, the officers, and the soldiers,
6553	(even) all the army, small and great, that was in the city was filled
6554	with :.1gitation and cried alond, saying: ("\iV e have never heard nor
6555	seen in all the previous reigns of the Roman empire such an event as
6556	this.' 41. And they murmured very much, but they did not express
6557	themsel ves openly. And on the following day the Divine l.ove had
6558	compassIon on mankind, and the sun rose and the light of day
6559	reappeared.
6560	4·2. And the emperor J\1arcian COl1VOlwct a council of bishops in
6561	Chalcedon composed of six hundred and t forty-five t bishops.
6562	43. And they deposed Dioscorus, patriarch of Alexandria, and
6563	ordained that Flavian, who had been deposed on a former occasion,
6564	should be mentioned in the diptychs after his death j for he had
6565	already died in exile in the days of the blessed emperor rrheodosius.
6566	And so they enrolled his name in the diptychs of the church as an
6567	orthodox patriarch.
6568	44<. And when disturbances arose in Con-
6569	stant.inople and amollgst :.111 peoples IVrarcian fell grievously ill,
6570	and his illness lasted five months, and his feet mortified and he
6571	died.
6572	And the length of his reign was six years.
6573	And Pulcheria
6574	also had died before lVfarcian.
6575	45. And in those days the empress 1Ludocia went to her rest in
6576	the holy Jerusalem, full of good works and a pure faith.
6577	And she
6578	refused to communicate with J uvenal, bishop of Jerusalem, and the
6579	men who had assembled in Chalcedon; for she knew that they had
6580	changed the true faith of our holy Fathers and of the orthodox
6581	emperors; but she was blessed by priests (and) monks through her
6582	friendship and communion with Theodosius,I patriarch of Alex-
6583	1 'l'his Theodosius was a fanatical Monophysite monk who had been punished
p. 126
6584	LXXXVIH·7
6585	BISHOP OP NIKIU
6586	loa
6587	andria.
6588	46. And when she had thus accomplished these thing~,
6589	she went to her rest, and they placed her body in a tomb which she
6590	had built in her lifetime, with honour and panegyrics.
6591	And she
6592	went to God the Glorious and Most High.
6593	CHAPTER LXXXVIII. l. And after the death of Marcian, Leo
6594	the elder became emperor.1 And in the days of his rule the city of
6595	Antioch was t polluted t owing to the earthquake that befell it.
6596	2. And t lightning t 2 rained from heaven on Constantinople
6597	instead of rain.
6598	And it rose high upon the roofs.
6599	And aU the
6600	people were terrified and offered up prayers and supplications
6601	to God; for that lightning had been burning fire; but God
6602	out of His love for man 3 had extinguished the fire and made it
6603	t lightning t·2
6604	3. And again after this t lightning t 2 fire fell a second time
6605	from heaven on the city of Constantinople, such as had never fallen
6606	before.
6607	And it extended from sea to sea.
6608	4. And the emperor
6609	left the palace, fearing lest he should be burned in the conflagra-
6610	tion, and took up his abode in the church of S. Mamas for six
6611	months, offering prayers and supplications as had been done in the
6612	days of Marcian.
6613	5. And the emperor Leo put a stop to all theatrical exhibitions,
6614	alike of those that played on the flute and on the lyre, 4 on the holy
6615	first day of the week in honour of the sabbath.
6616	6. And he likewise
6617	banished the Arians from every province in his empire, and he
6618	gave orders to all his subjects not to admit them to the churches.
6619	7. And also in the days of this emperor an accnsation was brought
6620	against a philosopher named Isocasius, an exquaestor. 5
6621	lIe was
6622	a man of great prudence and a just judge.
6623	He was a pagan, and
6624	helped the people of Cilicia when he was t interpreter t in Antioch.
6625	in Alexandria for sedition, and had taken forcible possession of the see of
6626	Jerusalem for twenty months; see Evagrius ii. 5.
6627	1 For 17-»>: read l'7vJ: and make no further addition.
6628	2 This should be 'dust'.
6629	Cf. .Tohn Mal. 372
6630	f/3pftEv EV I{CV1'O"TaVT1VOVrruAfC
6631	Kov{av dVT~ /3POxij,.
6632	3 Read 1ifi:ip~-t: (HIlt.: It.'7H.1i>{lth,C:
6633	4 Of. John Mal. 371 AEcvv •• • EKlA.€VO'€v ••• Iva P.~Tf aUAo, ~ ICLOapa ~ aAA.O T!
6634	P.OVO"IICUV.
6635	5 Cf. John Mal. 369 'IO'olCaO"wl 0 KOLaIJ'TWPWl.
6636	The Arabic translator took the
6637	last word to mean 'the son of Quaestor', or 'of a quaestor '.
6638	See also Cln·oH.
6639	Pasch.322.
6640	I
6641	I I
6642	I l
6643	I
6644	/
p. 127
6645	..
6646	110
6647	rrIIE CHltONICLE OIr JOHN
6648	LXXXVTII. 8
6649	And the emperor delivered him into the hands of Pusaeus, the
6650	prefect, the chief officer, to send him into exile.
6651	8. But be was
6652	torn from the bands of the prefect and carried naked and with his
6653	hands bound behind him to the gate named Zeuxippus, where a
6654	crowd of people was assembled.
6655	9. And the prefect standing on
6656	the tribunal addressed him thus: 'Canst thou see in what a guise
6657	thou art in the midst of this assembly?'
6658	He answered and said
6659	unto him: 'I see, and I am not surprised; for being a man I have
6660	fallen into troubles incident to the body.
6661	As I have judged other
6662	men, so I now judge myself.'
6663	10. And when the people that stood
6664	by heard this stern reply, they tore him away from the prefect and
6665	bore him to the church, and, without the exercise of any constraint
6666	on their part, he expressed his belief in Christ, and said: (My
6667	fathers were idolators hut I have now become a Christian.' 11. And
6668	they instructed him in the Christian faith, and baptized him, and
6669	he became a Christian.
6670	Then he was set free and restored to his
6671	functions, and he returned to his province beloved by the emperor.
6672	12. vVhen the emperor Leo heard of the disturbances which had
6673	t,aken place in Alexandria formerly in the days of Marcian, and of
6674	the massacre that had been occasioned by the council of Chalcedon,
6675	and of the restoration of the true faith in the one nature of Christ, and
6676	of the slaughter of Proterius, bishop of the Chalcedonians, because
6677	of it-13. For this bishop, who had formerly been the ecclesiastical
6678	procurator in Alexandria, was consecrated bishop.by the Cbalce-
6679	donians, when he signed the imperial rescript, but the orthodox
6680	population rose against him and slew him, and burned his body 1_
6681	14. (Now having heard of all these circumstances) the emperor
6682	Leo appointed (to be patriarch) unto them rrimothy, who had been
6683	assistant to the patriarch Dioscorus.
6684	Formerly he had been a strict
6685	monk belonging to the convent of 9almon, and he was a priest.
6686	15. And his appointment was made after the death of Dioscorus,
6687	'W ho had wrongfully been deposed by the emperor Marcian and his
6688	Council.
6689	1 G. But Timothy refused to abide by the Council of t.he
6690	Chalccdonians; for this Council had disturbed the entire world.
6691	17. And the em peror Leo likewise wrote to all the bishops,
6692	adjuring them to declare accurately in what way matters had taken
6693	plaee in the Countil of Chalcedon. 2
6694	18. But as they feared the
6695	emperor, they concealed (these things) from him, and told him
6696	1 Cf. Evngrius, II. E. ii. 8.
6697	2 Cf. Evngrius, H. E. ii. 9 sq.
p. 128
6698	I .. xxXVnI. 27
6699	BISHOP OF NIKIU
6700	III
6701	nothing or what had been done in the Counci1.
6702	19. But there
6703	were two bishops who did tell him: one of them named Eustathius
6704	of Berytus, a man wise and prudent and well versed in the holy
6705	Scriptures. And he told the emperor that through fear of 1'Iarcian
6706	they had altered the faith so that all the world was troubled
6707	(thereby), as well as all the churches.
6708	20. And the second bishop
6709	was named Amphilochius, of the city of Maflejus. 1
6710	21. But the
6711	other bishops who were his subjects had not declared openly to the
6712	emperor regarding the oppression of the emperor ~1arcian: all
6713	that had been done at Chalcedon they had done out of fear or the
6714	imperial authority and power.
6715	22. And in those days Eutyches [the NestorianJ 2 made himself
6716	known, who was eager for destruction.
6717	He was ignorant of the
6718	holy Scriptures, as he had not been eager to study them.
6719	23. And Timothy the patriarch on his arrival in Alexandria was
6720	seized and conducted to a place called Gangra, and made to reside
6721	there.3
6722	24. And there were alarms and fightings in Alexandria.
6723	And the governor of the city, who used violence to the holy
6724	patriarch Timothy, was eaten of worms and died.
6725	25. And the
6726	inhabitants of the city said to one another: (All this evil that has
6727	overtaken him is due to the judgement or the Glorious and :Most
6728	High God because of what has been done to the patriarch Timothy,
6729	the servant of God, in order that all men might learn that God
6730	d wells amongst His chosen and renders justice to the oppressed.
6731	26. And after the emperor Leo and the other emperors who
6732	succeeded bim, Basiliscus ascended the imperial throne.
6733	And he
6734	raised his son Marcus to the imperial throne, and appointed him as
6735	his colleague for a ShOl't time.
6736	27. And as his sister Verina was
6737	on friendly terms with him, she asked t Augustus for the master or
6738	the offices, and she received the dignity, which was named
6739	Patriciust .4
6740	1 In Evagrius, H. E. ii. 10, he is said to be of Side.
6741	2 Eutyches was an opponent of Nestorianism.
6742	3 Cf. Evagtius, H. E. ii. 11.
6743	4 The text is here hopelessly unintelligible. Verina, who was the sister of
6744	Basiliscus, was carrying on an intrigue with Patricius, the m~ter of the
6745	imperial household. According to Procopius i. 6 she had taken pa'rt in driving
6746	her son-in-law Zeno into exile in order that she might advanc~atricius to the
6747	throne. See also John Mal. 378, Ch1'on. Pasch. 325.
6748	This P;vtricius was It son
6749	of Asper (John Mal. 371). In Cedrenus i. 613 the propel' name Patricius is
6750	taken to mean a dignity.
p. 129
6751	112
6752	TIlE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
6753	LXXXVIII. 28
6754	28. And the emperor sent and had fetched from his place of
6755	exile whither the elder Leo had driven him the holy patriarch
6756	rl'imothy.
6757	And when he was brought to the city of Constantinople
6758	with the honour and dignity due to the priesthood, he was welcomed
6759	by all the court and people.
6760	29. And a letter was dispatched to
6761	all the provinces and to all the bishops with orders to expel all who
6762	confessed the faith of the Chalcedoyjans, (and likewise) to excom-
6763	municate and reject them.
6764	30. rrhe holy rrimothy and his companions made the following
6765	prophecy in regard to the emperor Basiliscus: 'From the day thou
6766	Jeniest the faith set forth in this writing, thy empire will cease
6767	to exist and thy days will rapidly draw to a close.'
6768	31. And be
6769	replied: (I will never deny this profession of faith: on the con-
6770	trary, I will assemble a Council in Jerusalem in order that the
6771	orthodox faith may be established and abide.'
6772	32. And when the
6773	holy patriarch rrimothy heard these words he went to the city of
6774	Alexandria, taking with him the profession of faith written out in
6775	the court of the emperor, and he seated himself on its (patriarchal)
6776	': throne.
6777	33. Hut the emperor Basiiiscus took bribes and broke his
6778	word, and east down that which he had previously built up, and
6779	did not assemble a Council in Jerusalem as he had promised the
6780	patriarch 1'imothy.
6781	34. On the contrary, he wrote a second letter
6782	to this effect: (Suffer the Chalcedonians to abide in their faith, and
6783	show them due reganl.'
6784	And so the prophecy of the illustrious
6785	father Timot.hy and of his companions was accomplished.
6786	35. And
6787	a terrible unlooked-fol' pestilence visited the city of Constantinople,
6788	and the bodies of the dead putrifiec1, and there were not people
6789	enough to bury them.
6790	And the city of Gabala ill Syria likewise
6791	was destroyed by an earthquake.
6792	36. Then Zeno, the emperor of
6793	Rome, set out and stirred up the province of Isauria, and collected
6794	a numerous army and marched to Constantinople. And on arriving
6795	in the city of Antioch, he had the patriarch Peter seized in order that
6796	the latter might disclose to him all the designs which the emperor
6797	13asilisCllS had designed against him.
6798	37. And when Basiliscus
6799	heard of the march of Z;eno, he sent the generals Armalis and
6800	SerbfttUs to war against Zeno, with a numerous army which he
6801	had had with him in the palace at Byzantium.
6802	38. And when
6803	these officers came to him, he adjured them by holy baptism not
6804	to betray him or injnre him.
6805	39. But these officers abstained
p. 130
6806	I I
6807	1
6808	I. i'
6809	i",
6810	, / '
6811	LXXXVIII. 44
6812	BISHOP OF NIKIU
6813	113
6814	from fighting with the emperor Zeno, and they sent a secret
6815	message to him to the following effect: (We will withuraw to
6816	a certain locality, and do you make yourself master of the entire
6817	country.'
6818	And these officers moreover treacherously telluered the
6819	following advice to Basiliscus: (Go by a different route and give
6820	battle to Zeno at the gates of Constantinople.'
6821	40. Eut the
6822	moment Zeno drew nigh to the walls all the senators met him,
6823	and lIe was greatly pleased by tbeir reception of him.
6824	And Zeno's
6825	mother-in-law, who was named Verina, had her brother Basiliscus
6826	tseized and thrown into a pitt. 41. And as Basiliscus was sore
6827	pressed, he and his wife Zenodia 1 and his chiluren Bed to the
6828	baptistery of a church.
6829	And all the senators honoured the
6830	emperor Zeno and proclaimed him their emperor.
6831	And he sent
6832	to the church and took from him all the insignia of empire, and
6833	induced him to come out by a treacherous promise, even him and
6834	his chiluren. 2
6835	42. Thereupon he drove the unfortunate wretches
6836	from the palace and sent them in exile into the province of
6837	Cappauocia, to a fortress named Lemnas.
6838	And when they were
6839	brought to the governor of the province, he put them in a towel'
6840	and barred them in, accordillg to the orders or the emperor, and
6841	mercilessly left them without food and drink till they died, and
6842	buried them in the same place.
6843	43. And as for the patriarch
6844	Peter, he was brought in chains and transported to the town of
6845	Euchaites in Pontus 3; for he had enjoyeu the friendship o£ the
6846	emperor Basiliscus, and had helped him, and placed the imperial
6847	crown upon his head. It was on these grounus that (Basiliscus)
6848	had appointed him patriarch.
6849	44. Now this (Peter) had persecuted
6850	the N estorians.
6851	<And next Stephen was appointed patriarch of
6852	Antioch) and he belonged to the Nestorians),4 and £01' t.his reason
6853	1 So Cedrenus i. 616. Text corrupt: = Suvanses.
6854	2 AccusatiV'es, not nominatives, should here be read.
6855	S Cf. John Mill. 380.
6856	4 I have supplied a clause which the text requires, and which has fallen out
6857	through homoioteleuton.
6858	According to John Mal. 380 sq. and Theophanes this
6859	was Stephel1 Il, who was appointed patriarch by Zeno in 480, but according to
6860	other authorities this was Stephen I, who was patriarch 478-80.
6861	Zotenberg by
6862	a strange error supplies a like clause before the preceding sentenc,: '(0n
6863	nomma ensuite patriarche d'Antioche Etienne), qui proscrivait lIt'"~ secte de
6864	Nestorius '.
6865	But it was Peter the Fuller (intruding patriarch of ~~ltioch 471-
6866	488) who persecuted the Nestorians, and not Stephen, who ac~rding to :Ill
6867	authorities was put to death by a mob of Antioch Oil the ground that ho was
6868	a N estorian.
p. 131
6869	I
6870	I
6871	i,
6872	I: , I
6873	11
6874	114
6875	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
6876	LXXX VIII. 45
6877	all the inhabitants of the city hated him, and the people of Antioch
6878	and all the priests put him to a violent death in a place called
6879	Barlaams 1 on the day of the commemoration of the holy (Forty
6880	Martyrs '.
6881	And after slaying him they cast his body into the
6882	river named the Orontes. And the emperor Zeno appointed in his
6883	stead another patriarch named Calandio, and paid him special
6884	honour.
6885	45. And when the emperor returned to his city he distributed
6886	abundant alms amongst the poor, and he appointed t Armatus in
6887	his stead in that place commander, him and his fathert 2 com-
6888	mander of the guard and his son to be Caesar as he had promised.
6889	13ut when this Armatus became master of the power of the empire
6890	he became very strong and powerful, and none could withstand
6891	him, and he formed evil designs in his heart.
6892	46. And when
6893	the emperor was informed of his evil purposes, he sent and had
6894	him put to death in a gallery of the palace.
6895	And when the
6896	emperor wished to invade Persia, seeing that Basiliscm:, the son of
6897	Armatus, the Caesar, was but a youth, he took from him the
6898	crown of investiture and gave orders for him'to be consecrated
6899	metropolitan of Cyzicum, and dispersed his property amongst all
6900	the people.
6901	47. And seeing the~e things, Theodoric, one of the consuls who
6902	was commander of the guard, began to fear lest he should suffer
6903	at the hands of the emperor Zeno as had Armatus his friend,3
6904	and so he led off the soldiers under his command, who were Goths
6905	from the province of Moesia.
6906	48. Now Theodoric had been reared
6907	in the capital, and he was acquainted with profane wisdom. And
6908	he marched against the city of Selymbria and made its inhabitants
6909	subject to him, and he made himself master of the entire province
6910	of Thrace.
6911	49. And next he went with a formidable force from
6912	the city of Sycene, and he lay there a long time, but was not able
6913	to inflict any injury on Byzantium, or on the emperor Zeno.
6914	1 This is the Church of S. Barlaam. Cf. John Mal. 381.
6915	2 Text hopelessly corrupt. The text was to the effect that Zeno appointed the
6916	son of Armat.us, the commander of the praetorians, to be Caesar, as he had
6917	promised. ~ Cf .• J~I\m. Mal; 381rr!oEXE,p[a9: rrap' aUr,ov (Z~vwvo,) "aTa aVVTa!EI, Ka~
6918	EI"VETO KUlaap 0 UW, App.aTou TOU (]TpaTTjA.aTOU rrpaulfvToU.
6919	S The text is corrupt. The word ~rJl~: = 'his friend', I have transposed
6920	from before' who was commander of the guard' (= (]TpaTTjA.aTTj'i ctv rrpaIO"vTOV,
6921	.J ohn Mal. 353).
p. 132
6922	LXXXVIII. 57
6923	BISHOP OF NIKIU
6924	115
6925	50. Then he marched on Rome, and had the chief of the bar-
6926	barians, named Odoacer, who bore the title of rem, brought before
6927	him through the treason of the senators, and he reduced the city
6928	of Rome and made himself master of it, and put all the barbarians
6929	to the sword, and resided there forty-seven years as its emperor.
6930	51. And he refused to appoint a colleague, and made the emperor
6931	Zeno a friend,! and did everything in accordance with the ad vice
6932	of the emperor.
6933	And he possessed the respect of the magistrates
6934	and senate.
6935	52. And there came to Theodoric the wife ... ,2 and she was of
6936	patrician rank in Rome, named J uvenalia, and spake unto him
6937	and said: (Behold it is now three years since I have suffered
6938	\
6939	wrong.
6940	My suit is with the patrician Firmus, and justice has not
6941	been done to me.'
6942	53. And he called the judges and said unto
6943	them: 'Behold I give commandment and say unto you that unless
6944	in two days you bring to a conclusion the suit of this woman with
6945	/
6946	her adversaries and render justice to the two parties equitably
6947	\
6948	according to law, I will have your heads cut off with the sword.'
6949	~
6950	54. And thereupon they departed, and spent two days in bringing
6951	the suit of this woman to a conclusion equitably.
6952	And the woman
6953	;,' lighted a waxen taper and went in to him (i. e. the king) to thank
6954	\
6955	1 him, and she said unto him: 'My suit which lingered so long
6956	\1 a time has now, thanks to thy orders, been brought to a conclusion.'
6957	/ I 55. Thereupon he had the judges summoned before him, and said
6958	~
6959	unto them; (Ye wicked men, ye have brought to a conclusion in
6960	\.
6961	two days a suit which ye were not able to conclude in three years.'
6962	, And thereupon he gave orders to have their heads cut off with
6963	i
6964	the sword.
6965	And great fear fell upon the city, and an end was put
6966	'. to all oppression on the part of the Roman officials.
6967	56. And in those days after the death of' Theodoric, Athalaric 3
6968	came (to the throne), and he was an Arian.
6969	57. And subsequently the emperor Zeno sent an ,officer named
6970	1 The text is unintelligible and corrupt.
6971	It reads, 'made the city to the
6972	emperor Zeno'. As John Mal. 383 has here: "a~ ~CPtAtW97] Z~II(J)II' • •• rfP {3aulAfl
6973	"al 7J'C.l.JITa ()ua t1TparrE !Cara 'Y"Wj.t7]" uVrou, I have emended l(f.{): (\.U7C: (=' made
6974	the city') into l(f~: (\.OCb: (=' made a friend ').
6975	2 Text defective and corrupt. The event is recorded in John Mal. 384, Chron.
6976	Pasch. 327.
6977	8 'AMpIXos in John Mal. 385; Evagrius, H. E. iii. 27, iv. 19.
6978	I 2
p. 133
6979	116
6980	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
6981	LXXXVIII. 58
6982	Quaestor 1 to Alexandria to bring back to him the patriarch
6983	rrimothy, the man of God.
6984	And when the quaestor came to the
6985	patriarch rrimothy, he said unto him: 'The emperor summons thee.'
6986	And the patriarch answered and said unto him: t The emperor will
6987	not see my face.'
6988	And thereupon he fell ill and died, even as he
6989	had said.
6990	58. And the orthodox arose and appointed Peter, the
6991	archdeacon, surnamed Mongus, to be patriarch. And the magis-
6992	trates of the city sought to arrest him, but he escaped out of the
6993	hands of the soldiers, and made his escape to the house of (one of)
6994	the faithful, and there were alarms in the city.
6995	59. And the
6996	l)artisans of Proterius the Chalcedonian on their part elected
6997	a patriarch, named Ajes,2 but he died shortly after.
6998	60. And the
6999	faithful. .. (fhen the Chalcedonians elected a patriarch) named
7000	John rrabennesiotes.
7001	And he likewise got possession of the.
7002	(patriarchal) throne of Ajes by bribing the magistrates.
7003	And he
7004	said: (I have sworn a solemn oath to the emperor Zeno that I shall
7005	take no measures regarding the ecclesiastical see (of Alexandria).'
7006	61. And when the emperor Zeno heard of this event he was very
7007	wroth, and he gave orders for his expulsion.
7008	And when John
7009	heard that the emperor bad given orders for his expulsion, he took
7010	to flight and went to Rome.
7011	62. And at that time Acacius,
7012	patriarch of Constantinople, was on friendly terms with the
7013	emperor Zeno.
7014	And so he prevailed on the emperor that they
7015	should subscribe the Henoticon, that is to say, the confession of the
7016	faith of the three Councils Nicaea, Constantinople, and Ephesus,
7017	and should reject the other Councils.
7018	63. And for this reason (he had brought back) Peter the
7019	patriarch,3 who had previously fled, to Antioch from the city of
7020	Dinarurja.
7021	And Calandio the patriarch of Antioch fled through
7022	fear of being put to death, as he was a Chalcedonian.
7023	For (its
7024	inhabitants) had previously put to death the patriarch Stephen, his
7025	1 Probably a transliteration of Koml(JTcvp, the name of an office, which the
7026	translator took to be a proper name.
7027	2 On the various names of Timothy, commonly called Salofaciolus. consecrated
7028	patriarch of Alexandria 460 A. D., see Smith's Diet. Christ. Biog. iv. 1033.
7029	3 Peter the Fuller was banished by Zeno (Evagrius, H. E. iii. 8) to Petyus.
7030	On the way thither he escaped his guards and took refuge in the church of
7031	S. Theodore in Euchaites (Cedrenus i. 618).
7032	Thence he returned to Antioch,
7033	and intrigued against the orthodox prelates, the two (?) Stephens and Calandio.
7034	Finally, on the deposition of the last, Peter was restored by Zeno in 485 on
7035	signing the Henoticon.
p. 134
7036	LXXXVIII. 68
7037	BISHOP OF NIKIU
7038	117
7039	predecessor.
7040	And all the priests and people prayed to the emperor
7041	on behalf of him 1 (i. e. Peter).
7042	And the patriarch Peter accepted
7043	the Henoticon of the emperor.
7044	64. And in his days there were
7045	tumults in the city because of the confession of the faith written
7046	by the emperor-for we anathematize the council of the bishops at
7047	Chalcedon and their impure creed which states that there are two
7048	natures in Christ, whereas the letter of Zeno says that there is
7049	(only) one nature in the Word of God which was made flesh, and
7050	that the bishops who had been expelled should be remembered (in
7051	the diptychs).
7052	65. And the emperor Zeno made a compact with Il1us and came
7053	to terms with him about the same time that he had received
7054	Armatus, the father of Caesar, into favour.
7055	But subsequently the
7056	army of Illus waged war on the emperor· Zeno.
7057	For Illus, seeing
7058	-that Armatus, though a friend of the emperor Zeno, had been
7059	executed, fled in fear (of a similar fate) to Isauria. 2
7060	66. Now Illus
7061	sent the empress V erin~, the mother-in-law of the emperor, a message
7062	to this effect: (Prevail on the emperor in his behalf.'
7063	But she
7064	could not prevail on the emperor.
7065	Now the emperor Zeno
7066	concealed his evil designs from his brother Long-inus lest there
7067	should be a scandal and grounds for disturbances in B yzantillm ;
7068	for she had formerly been an empress.
7069	67. And in this treacherous
7070	plot the emperor Zeno had arranged with IHus to banish her, and
7071	transport her to the province of Isauria and to keep her guarded 3
7072	there.
7073	And when she arrived there, IlIus came forth and shut her
7074	up in a fortress, and he appointed a large force to guard her.
7075	And he took with him Longinus the emperor's brother.
7076	68. But
7077	when she (Verina) came to know these facts, she sent a message to
7078	her daughter (Ariadne) the emperor's wife.
7079	And her daughter
7080	requested t.he emperor to reI.ease her from the fortress where they
7081	had imprisoned her.4
7082	1 For Oh 1't: I read Oh 11=: 'iO:' on his behalf of hini to '.
7083	Otherwise the
7084	text reads' on behalf of the emperor Zeno '.
7085	2 With the confused text of this and the following verses cf. John Mal.
7086	385-9.
7087	S I have emended .ei}J~''l: 'have her put to death' into .eOPO:
7088	4 The text = 'to permit her to remain ill the fortress of Isauria " exactly the
7089	opposite of what she desired.
7090	Hence for ~'10C: lV·ll't: i}JR'C: Hi:.f1.C.f:
7091	I read hpi}JR'C: Well ... H: nllCP: Cf. John Mal. : Iva ci1roAuOy alTO IcaCTTE'\'\[OU
7092	OlTOU ~v arrOI(EI(AEtCTl-dv1].
p. 135
7093	I
7094	I
7095	I
7096	:.1' ! !
7097	118
7098	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
7099	LXXXVIII. 69
7100	And the emperor said unto her: 'I cannot incur the anger of
7101	Illus the patrician; but do thou ask him, and if he approves, I will
7102	set her free.'
7103	69. And the empress sent to him and besought him
7104	with tears to set free her mother 1 and to pardon her wrong-doing.2
7105	70. But he refused to have compassion on her and said unto her:
7106	'Do you wish me to set up another emperor against thine own
7107	husband? '
7108	And she was very wroth with him, and she went to
7109	the emperor and said unto him: 'Am I and likewise Illus to live
7110	(at the same time) in the palace?' And the emperor said unto her:
7111	C Do what you wish; for I love you more than IlIus and many
7112	men.'
7113	71. And when the empress heard these words of the emperor,
7114	llCr heart was strengthened, and she commanded t Adrian t to put
7115	him to death.
7116	And t Adrian t 3 who was chief of the eunuchs sent
7117	a man, named Scholarius, who being a captain of the guard could
7118	enter when he wished the palace of the emperor with his men.
7119	72. And he went in and drew his sword in order to smite him
7120	(IUus) and cleave his head in a gallery of the palace.
7121	And one of
7122	the officers, seeing this, ran hastily and wrested his sword from him
7123	after he had cut off the right ear of IUus instead of his head.
7124	73. And Scholarius 4 the eunuch was put to death, who had smitten
7125	IlIus with the sword.
7126	And the followers of !llus transported him
7127	to his house.
7128	74. And when the emperor Zeno heard of this event,
7129	he took an oath, saying: (I know nothing of this outrage that the
7130	eunuch did to Illus.' And when Illus had recovered from his
7131	wound, he asked permission from the emperor Zeno to go to the
7132	east for change of air in order to avoid a return of his malady.
7133	75. And he asked humbly that he would let him go, dissembling his
7134	treacherous designs.
7135	And, unaware of his treachery, (the emperor)
7136	let him go.
7137	And he appointed t in his stead another man named
7138	Julftljftt with full powers. 5 And Illus wished to take Leontius and
7139	Pamprepius with him, apparently on the pretext that they would
7140	negotiate peace between Verina the emperor's mother and the
7141	emperor Zeno, and that (thus) she might return honourably to him.
7142	I Zotellberg omits' to set free her mother'.
7143	2 Text corruptly adds' and to let her remain there '.
7144	S Urbicius was the chief of the eunuchs.
7145	4 ()XOAapLOS = an official of the palace guard. It is not a proper name.
7146	5 Utterly corrupt.
7147	We should read as in John Mal. 388: hrol1JuEv' GVTa.,
7148	<1T/,uT1]>..aT1J" 'A"aToA~s oovs uiJT(f 1Tauu" E(OVULU".
p. 136
7149	" I
7150	',.'
7151	LXXXVIII,84
7152	BISHOP OF NIKIU
7153	119
7154	76. And the emperor was pleased with this plan, and he sent these
7155	three persons and likewise (two) illustrious (senators) named Marsos
7156	and Valjanos, magistrates of Isauria, and many officials and troops.
7157	77. And when they came to Antioch the Great, Illus stayed a year
7158	(there), and the inhabitants of that city paid him very high
7159	honours.
7160	78. frhen he marched into Isauria and brought Verina
7161	down from the fort, and they bound themselves by mutual oaths.
7162	And in agreement with Pamprepius, who was given to magic and
7163	the seductions of demons, he prevailed on the officers to create
7164	Leontius emperor.
7165	So they created him emperor in the oratory of '
7166	S. Peter, outside the walls of Tarsus the capital of Cilicia. 79. And
7167	she (Verina) wrote and dispatched letters to all the cit,ies and
7168	officials and troops of the east, and to the cities of Egypt, to gain .
7169	their recognition of the imperial authority of Leontius without
7170	opposition.
7171	80. And the empress Verina, Augusta" wrote likewise
7172	as follows: 'I make kn,own unto you touching our imperial
7173	authority, that after the death of the emperor Leo, of happy
7174	memory, we appointed Trascalissaeus; that is Zeno, emperor, that
7175	he might be solicitous 1 as regards our commands and duly govern
7176	the army.
7177	81. But now we have seen that he has abandoned
7178	integrity, while he is likewise devoid of understanding. 2
7179	Accord-
7180	ingly we have accounted him as a rebel, a perverse man and a
7181	usurper. Behold, now, we have appointed another emperor, a Christian
7182	Godloving man, distinguished for righteousness and uprightness,
7183	that he may save the country by his virtuous conduct and put an
7184	end to the war: and may preserve his subjects according to law
7185	and order.
7186	82. And we have crowned Leontius with the imperial
7187	crown that he may be emperor over the Roman empire, who will be
7188	solicitous after every good work.'
7189	83. And when the letter was
7190	read in the city of Antioch, all the population cried aloud saying:
7191	'Do unto us the good things, 0 Lord, which will be good for
7192	us.' And a letter also was sent to Alexandria. 84. Then Leontius
7193	came to Antioch and took up his residence in the palace, and he
7194	1 The text reads ~~f: of which Zotenberg gives the impossible rendering
7195	'l'executeur fidele '. I have emended the above into ~t1f.: in accordance with
7196	the .£.'ut: in ver. 82.
7197	2 This rendering follows the manuscripts, only omitting m. Otherwise read
7198	m.£.R'>{l: Hhl0": nhrC: 'and that he is unconscionably insatiable',
7199	Zotenberg emends the text differently.
7200	ri
7201	~ .
7202	11
7203	t
7204	I
7205	;
7206	I
7207	I,
7208	I
7209	r I
7210	.~
p. 137
7211	120
7212	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
7213	LXXXVIII. 85
7214	appointed Lilianus 1 prefect and judge.
7215	85. And after fifteen days
7216	"he marched to Chalcis, a city of Isau"ria, in order to attack the
7217	inhabitants of that city, because they refused to submit to him and
7218	called him a rebel against the emperor. 86. And for one and a half
7219	months he waged war on the inhabitants of that city but was not
7220	able to take it.
7221	And when the emperor Zeno heard of what had
7222	befallen, he sent a Scythian officer named John, a valiant man and
7223	a warrior, in command of a numerous army to wage war on the
7224	conspirators.
7225	87. And when I1Ius who was in Cilicia discovered
7226	that he was not able to make head against the general John, he
7227	marched and joined Leontius and Verina, and they arranged to flee
7228	together and to take refuge in a castle in Isauria, named Papyris.
7229	88. And Leontius went in precipitate flight from the province of
7230	the East, and these three personages, Leontius, IIlus, and Pamprepius
7231	accompanied by. Verina, ~ithdrew" into a castle.
7232	And when the
7233	troops of the emperor'Zeno:arrived they besieged that castle in
7234	which they were.
7235	And Verina died in the castle.
7236	89. And the
7237	garrison of the castle, learning that Pamprepius was seeking to join
7238	the enemy against them, put him to death and cast his body from
7239	the top of the battlements.
7240	90. And after many toilsome efforts,
7241	(the besiegers) captured the castle and brought forth the rebels,
7242	that is, Leontins who wrought his own destruction and I1Ius who
7243	was the cause of all the evil.
7244	91. And they placed them on a
7245	tribunal in the midst of the assemblage and passed upon them the
7246	fientence of death, and they cut off their heads with the sword and
7247	carried them to the emperor Zeno in Constantinople.
7248	92. And it is told also regarding the emperor Zeno that he was
7249	wi~h ]Vlaurianus the astrologer: now the latter used to announce to
7250	him (beforehand) all that happened; for they were friends. 93. And
7251	(the emperor) asked him saying: 'Who will succeed to the empire
7252	after me?' And he said unto him: (A Silentiarius will take thine
7253	empire and likewise thy wife.'
7254	And owing to this (prediction) he
7255	thought (the person meant) was an illustrious man named Pelagius,
7256	who had become a patrician.2 94. Now they deposed him unjustly;
7257	indeed the emperor committed Silentiarius to the charge of six
7258	trusty men and commanded them to strangle him in the night,
7259	though he was guiltless.
7260	After they had str~ngled him, they cast
7261	his body into the sea.
7262	95. And when this wieked murder came to
7263	1 So Zotenberg restores the faulty name.
7264	~ The text adds' first '.
7265	.
p. 138
7266	LXXXIX. 8
7267	BISHOP OF NIKIU
7268	121
7269	be known, people could not keep silence on the matter-and
7270	particularly Arcadius, an illustrious officer and a thorough observer
7271	of justice.
7272	And he was one that judged uprightly and hated
7273	oppression.
7274	And he blamed the emperor for the crime that in the
7275	hardness of his heart he had committed in putting Silentiarius the
7276	patrician to death.
7277	96. And when Zeno the emperor heard (this)
7278	he was wroth with Arcadius, and gave orders for him to be put to
7279	death as he entered the palace.
7280	And (the guards) did as the
7281	emperor commanded, but Arcadius escaped out of their hands, by
7282	entering a church in order (as he pretended) to make prayer a,nd
7283	. supplication to God.1
7284	97. And the emperor fell sick of a dysentery
7285	and died.
7286	CHA-PTER LXXXIX.
7287	1. And after the death of the Godloving
7288	emperor Zeno, the 'Christian and Godfearing emperor Anastasius
7289	came to the throne.
7290	He was one of the emperor's chamberlains,
7291	and became emperor ~hrough the grac~ of God and. the prayers of
7292	our Egyptian Fathers.
7293	2. Now the emperor Zeno had banished
7294	him to the island of S. Irai, situated in the river of Memphis.
7295	Now the inhabitants of Manuf had treated him with kindly
7296	affection.
7297	3. And Ammonius, who belonged t.o the city of Hezena
7298	in the province of Alexandria, and (the inhabitants of that city)
7299	became his friends, and honoured him and showed him much
7300	affection.
7301	4. And one day the inhabitants of Manuf and of
7302	Hezena agreed together respecting Anastasius, who was in disgrace
7303	with the emperor Zeno, to ascend the mountain to the convent of
7304	the God-clothed S. Abba Jeremiah of Alexandria.
7305	5. And there
7306	lived on their route a man who was endowed with the knowledge
7307	of all the works of God.
7308	And they conversed regarding the holy
7309	life of the man of God, and desired his blessing.
7310	And he prayed
7311	for them to Christ whom he served.
7312	6. And they proceeded and
7313	entered into the dwelling of the man of God, the Abba Jeremiah.
7314	And he blessed them all, but spake no word at all to Anastasius.
7315	7. And when they came forth Anastasius was very deeply pained,
7316	and he wept much, saying in his heart: 'It is by reason of the
7317	multitude of my sins that the man of God did not bless me when
7318	he hlessed all the rest.'
7319	8, And the inhabitants of Manllf and
7320	1 The words' and the emperor' precede' by entering a church ... to God'
7321	in the previous verse.
7322	John Mal. 390, Ceurenus i. 621 support this restoration
7323	of the order of the text.
p. 139
7324	I I
7325	I
7326	I
7327	I
7328	~
7329	1
7330	\\
7331	It
7332	Ij j
7333	\
7334	1 i
7335	,
7336	I,
7337	11
7338	1I
7339	'I
7340	'
7341	,
7342	';'1 i
7343	J
7344	1\1
7345	111
7346	I i1
7347	122
7348	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
7349	I,XXXIX. 9
7350	Ammonius of the city of Hezena went to the holy man of God and
7351	told him of the grievous pain with which Anastasius was afflicted.
7352	9. And he indeed called him apart, and likewise his trusty friends
7353	and Ammonius, and said unto him: 'Grieve not so as to think and
7354	say, "It is by reason of my sins that the old man blessed me not" :
7355	the matter is not so; on the contrary, as I have seen the hand of
7356	God upon thee, I have on this ground refrained from blessing thee.
7357	10. How should I who have been guilty of so many sins be worthy
7358	to bless him whom God hath blessed and honoured.
7359	And he hath
7360	chosen thee from amongst many thousands to be His anointed;
7361	for it is written: "The hand of the Lord God is on the head of
7362	kings."
7363	11. And He hath set His trust in thee that thou mayest
7364	become His representative on earth and strengthen His people.
7365	Only when thou dost recall my words and hast accomplished the
7366	prophecy, observe this command which I give thee this day, so that
7367	God may save thee from thine adversaries: "Do no sin of any kind
7368	and transgress not against the Christian faith of Christ, and reject
7369	the Chalcedonian faith which bath provoked God to anger." ,
7370	12. And as for these commands which the Abba Jeremiah gave
7371	to Anastasius, he indeed received them, (engraving them) on the
7372	tables of his heart, even as Moses the prophet received the tables
7373	of the Covenant from God whereon were engraved the command-
7374	ments of the law.
7375	13. And shortly after Anastasius was recalled
7376	from the banishment into which the emperor of (this) world had
7377	driven him by virtue of his power.
7378	And subsequently Anastasius
7379	was appointed emperor.
7380	14. And thereupon he sent to the disciples
7381	of the holy Abba Jeremiah (and had them fetched).
7382	And the
7383	Abba Warja,nos, who was a relative of Abba Jeremiah, accompanied
7384	them.
7385	Now the emperor indeed besought them with many prayers
7386	to accept money for their food on the way and for the convent; but
7387	(they refused) because their father the holy Jeremiah had instructed
7388	them not to accept anything save incense for the celebration of
7389	the euchal'ist or for offering the sacrifice, and a few sacred utensils.
7390	15. And he sent also to the island where he had formerly been
7391	in banishment, and he had a great and massive church built (and)
7392	named S. lrai.
7393	Formerly it was but a little church.
7394	16. And he
7395	sent to it many gold and silver vessels and beautiful vestments.
7396	And he sent also much gold and silver to his friends in the city
7397	of :Malluf and H ezen[l,.
7398	And he conferred magistracies upon,
7399	'I '\
p. 140
7400	•
7401	LXXXIX. 21
7402	BISHOP OJi' NIKIU
7403	123
7404	them, and some of them he had ordained to the priesthood.
7405	17. And this Godloving Anastasius sent to the city of Antioch
7406	and to all the cities, and put a stop to the civil war which the
7407	people waged on each other, and he made them submit to authority
7408	as became Christians.
7409	And he wrote to all the magistrates that
7410	were subject to him (bidding them) to execute this decree, and
7411	they submitted to authority as became Christians.
7412	18. And subsequently there arose disturbances in (the capital of)
7413	his dominion through the enmity of Satan.
7414	For the people
7415	demanded tumultuously that certain disorderly and factious persons
7416	should not be -cast into prison; for the prefect had delivered over
7417	several of them to be stoned.
7418	But the emperor refused to let them
7419	off, and he was wroth, and gave orders for them to be attacked by
7420	the cavalry.1
7421	19. And when these went down to make the attack
7422	a slave audaciously rose up and approached the emperor's seat, and
7423	hurled a st.one with the, intention of killing the emperor. Now
7424	he stood up in his place, saying in his heart, 'No one will
7425	recognize me '.
7426	20. But the help of God shielded the emperor,
7427	and the stone fell inside the enclosure that is within the imperial
7428	seat and brake. it.
7429	And when (the guards) saw that slave who
7430	cast a stone at the emperor they marked him closely, and ran and
7431	seized him, and dismembered him limb from limb.
7432	21. And the
7433	tumult waxed more serious, and they burnt the brazen circuit 2
7434	where stood the seats of the soldiers and the cavalry and all the
7435	1 The text misrepresents the facts, which were briefly as follows.
7436	On one
7437	occasion the Green Faction in Constantinople besought the emperor during one
7438	of the races to set free from bonds certain individuals who had been cast into
7439	prison for throwing stones during an exhibition in the circus.
7440	But the
7441	emperor refused, and ordered the soldiers to attack the people. Thereupon
7442	the mob assailed the imperial guards, and a Moor among it hurled a stone at the
7443	emperor. Cf. Chron. Pasch. 329
7444	'I7T7T11(ov a'Y0Jl.EVOU 7rapf/CaA.OUV 01 rou pEpOU~ TW1I
7445	npauLvwv rov {3aU!A.Ea 'AvaaTCtu!Ov a7roA.v(J1jJlaL nvas uvaXEBEvras a7ro TOV frrapxov T1js
7446	7rOA.EWS A.l(J0{30A.Ovs.
7447	/Cat ov rrapE/CA.~(Jq arro rov ~~pov.Q aVros 'Avauraalos, aA.A.a o.'Ya1la-
7448	/cT~uas E/ClA.€uuu· appa (? apparous Ducange) /Car' aVTwv ltEA.(JELv, /Cat E'"(EVETO aTat[a
7449	Jl.f'YMq, /Cat /CaTijAB01l 01
7450	O~Jl.Ol /Ca'Ta. rWJI Et/Cou{3m1pwv /Cat EABOV'TH Errt ro m1.(Jlup.a
7451	~ppl1fav A.[(Jous HaTd TOU {3aaIA.EWS 'AVaU'TaULOU, €V ors EtS Maupos gPPL!fEV Erravw 'TOV
7452	{3aaIA.EWS 'AvauTaaLou.
7453	/C(I, EtECPU'YEV 0 {3aULA.fVS TOV A.[(Jov • •• /Cat BmaapEvol 01 Et-
7454	/COU{3[TWpfS 'T~V TOU aVTou Mavpou TOA.Jl.av wppquaJl /CaT' aVTou, /Cat E/C0!fav aVTOV /CaTd
7455	Jl.EA.M •••• 0 OE ofiflOS UTEVW(Jfh g{3aA.fJl 1TUp EV 'TV A.€"(ofllv'{/ XaA./Cfi TOU 'Irr1TL/COU' /Cai
7456	o 1Tfpt{30A.OS 071.0> E/Ca-6Bq ~ws TOU {3aUIA.L/cOU /Ca(J[op.aTo>.
7457	/Cat 0 [)r;iJ.OULO> EfI{30AOS EW>
7458	TOU 'Etai'1TrrLou
7459	/Cat
7460	~WS 'TOU CPopOU I{wvuTavTlvou OA.w> /Cau(JEtS /Ca'Tq1lIXOr; • • • /Cat
7461	rroA.A.Wv ••• Tlpwpq(JEVTWV ",f-yOVEV ~uuxia. See also John Mal. 394 sq.
7462	2 A misunderstanding of XaA./C77 'TOU '17T1TL/cou.
7463	See above passage.
p. 141
7464	124
7465	THE CHRONICLE OP JOHN
7466	LXXXIX. 21
7467	people all the way to the emperor's seat, and the portico of
7468	Hexahippium which adjoins the seat 1 constructed by the holy
7469	Constantine. '
7470	22. And after many great efforts they forcibly re-established the
7471	(imperial) authority over the seditious) and punished many of them
7472	till peace and tranquillity were restored throughout all the city.
7473	23. And the inhabitants of Antioch also acted after the same
7474	manner as those of Constantinople. They set fire to the synagogue
7475	of the Jews, which is in Daphne, and set up within it the glorious
7476	cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, and they transformed it (the syna-
7477	gogue) into a churcb, dedicated to S. Leontius, and they put many
7478	of them (the Jews) to death.
7479	24. And when the emperor was
7480	informed of these events he sent Procopius, count of the east, in
7481	order to subdue the seditious factions.
7482	25. And when he and
7483	Menas of Byzantium 2 arrived'in Antioch the leaders of the factions
7484	fled from the city and withdrew into the sacred dwelling of S. John.
7485	26. And Menas the prefect at the head of a numerous force went
7486	thither by night.
7487	And a great tumult arose, and he slew amongst
7488	them a man named Eleutherius, whose head was carried to the
7489	governor Procopius.
7490	27. But the (Green) faction gained the day,
7491	and burned the place of their assemblage 3 with fire, (and likewise).
7492	the praetorium.
7493	Thereupon there was a terrible strife,' and Menas
7494	the prefect was slain and his body burned with £1re.4
7495	. 28. And
7496	Procopius immediately took to flight and went to the confines of
7497	Constant,inople.5
7498	And when (the emperor) was apprised of the
7499	flight of the governor Procopius he appointed in his stead a man
7500	named Irenaeus, and ordered him to proceed to Antioch.
7501	29. And
7502	when he arrived there he punished many of them, and inspired
7503	such great fear and terror that all the factions abandoned their
7504	civil strife, and so he re-established peace among the inhabitants of
7505	Antioch.
7506	30. And the emperor rebuilt the edifices which had been
7507	burnt, and he constructed many beautiful streets j for in his mercy
7508	and compassion he loved to build edifices.
7509	31. He b'qilt many
7510	1 It is the forum of Constantine that was affected.
7511	See above passage.
7512	2 The text has here liJ.!£uv: flt.1T £:
7513	The first word.,..-a corruption of
7514	l'lJ.!£UV:-ultimately goes back to M17vas.
7515	In transliterating from the Arabic
7516	the confusion arose.
7517	3 This was the Basilica of Rllfinus in Antioch.
7518	4 Cf. John l\fal. 396 sqq.
7519	5 John Mal. says Alexandria.
7520	•
p. 142
7521	r
7522	LXXXIX. 38
7523	BISHOP OF NIKIU
7524	125
7525	edifices in Egypt, and likewise a fortress on the borders of the Red
7526	Sea. And he applied himself to completing all manner of beautiful
7527	works, that he might remain in tranquillity and peace.
7528	32. And
7529	for the inhabitants of Doras 1 he had a wall built, and openings
7530	made in the walls like bridges to prevent the water of the river
7531	from spreading upon the fields.
7532	33. And in the reign also of this Godloving emperor impious
7533	barbarians) who eat human flesh and drank blood, arose in the quarter
7534	of Arabia, and approaching the borde~s of the Red Sea they seized
7535	the monks of Araite,2 and they put them to the sword or led them
7536	away captive and plundered their possessions; for they hated the
7537	saints, and were themselves like in their devices to the idolaters
7538	and pagans. And after they had taken a large booty they returned
7539	to their own country.
7540	34. And when the emperor was informed
7541	of this event he had strong forts constructed as a defence to the
7542	dwellings of the monks) and he rendered many good services to
7543	them and all the monks of the Roman world.
7544	35. And certain people in the city of Alexandria rose up and
7545	created a shameful disturbance, and slew the prefect of the city,
7546	who was named Tbeodosius)'who had been brought up in the house
7547	of the patriarch of Antioch.
7548	And when the emperor was informed
7549	of this event he was wroth) and punished many of the inhabitants
7550	of that city.
7551	36. And the good
7552	d~eds alone of the emperor are beyond
7553	numbering; for he was an orthodox believer and trusted in our
7554	Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ) and prohibited the faith of the
7555	Chalcedonians because the holy Jeremiah).the servant of God) had
7556	(so) bidden him.
7557	37. Now the people of Elw3.rlkon 3 had refused to accept the
7558	letter of Leo which he dispatched to them from Rome.
7559	But when
7560	the oppression of Marcian and his magistrates became severe they
7561	began to fear lest they should experience the violence which befell
7562	Dioscorus the patriarch of Alexandria.
7563	38. And the emperor
7564	Anastasius, the servant of God, agreed with the terms of the letter
7565	of the emperor Zeno.
7566	And subsequently he gave orders that the
7567	faith professed by the three Councils) Nicaea) Constantinople, and
7568	1 Cf. John Mal. 399 ETElXIIH rO AOpaS ••• "a~ "Iur/p"as MarcvII.
7569	See Evagrius,
7570	H. E. iii. 37.
7571	2 Cf. EV:lgrius, H. E. Hi. 36.
7572	S Zotenberg takes this to be IlIyria.
p. 143
7573	126
7574	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
7575	LXXXIX. 39
7576	the first at Ephesus, should be established.
7577	39. But Euphemius,
7578	the patriarch of Constantinople at that period, was a Chalcedonian,
7579	who divided the one nature of Christ into two distinct natures in
7580	its manifestations, saying that it was the Word of God that had
7581	wrought the miracles, but the weak human nature that had sub-
7582	mitted to the passion.
7583	40. And he changed likewise the trisagion
7584	which we recite thus: (Holy God, holy Strong One, holy Immortal
7585	One, who hast been crucified for us, have mercy upon us.' But he
7586	did not recite it as we, but in the following terms: (Holy God,
7587	holy Strong One, holy Immortal One, have mercy upon us.'
7588	41. Indeed he declared, (I do not recite it as ye do, to prevent the
7589	application of this formula to the Holy Trinity in three persons.
7590	Him who w.as crucified we adore together with the Father and the
7591	Holy Spirit.
7592	Now it was not the Father and the Son and the
7593	Holy Spirit who suffered.
7594	He that became incarnate without
7595	separating Himself (from the Trinity) and suffered is con substantial
7596	with the Father and the Holy Spirit, but He did not suffer in His
7597	divinity. And there is none other than He-God forbid I 42. Now
7598	whilst one of the Holy Trinity, He is capable of suffering in the
7599	body which is united with Him and the reasonable soul which are
7600	combined in (one) person, but He is not capable of suffering in
7601	His divinity which is con substantial with the Father and the Holy
7602	Spirit, as our holy Fathers have taught us.' 43. The wise Pl'oclus
7603	joined the N estorians in saying: 'If Christ was in every respect
7604	incapable of suffering after His incarnation, He could no more
7605	suffer in body than could the divinity of the Son.'
7606	But in so saying
7607	he speaks falsely, for the Son of God could not then have suffered
7608	in reality.
7609	44. These are the pestilent words of those who say
7610	there are four persons instead of three.
7611	45. Of a similar character are the declarations of those impostors
7612	who say regarding the Son that it was another who was crucified;
7613	for this wicked opinion was propounded by heretics.
7614	46. And the
7615	emperor Anastasius deprived Euphemius of his dignities and
7616	banished him from Constantinople to Euchaites in Pontus.
7617	And
7618	he appointed Macedonius in his stead, who accepted from his hand
7619	the edict of the emperor Zeno, and refused to accept the Council of
7620	Chalcedon.
7621	47. And he charmed the heart of the emperor Anasta.
7622	sius, though concealing the while treacherous devices in his thoughts
7623	regarding the faith.
7624	And (the emperor) obliged him to recite the
7625	..
p. 144
7626	LXXXIX. 55
7627	BISHOP OF NIKIU
7628	127
7629	trisagion in these terms:
7630	C Mayst Thou who wast crucified 1 for us
7631	have mercy upon us.'
7632	And thus he ordained this rule.
7633	48. Now the orthodox monks of Palestine had abandoned the
7634	study of the Scriptures, and a schism had arisen amongst them;
7635	for they declared that they were un willing to accept the edict of
7636	the emperor.
7637	And they brought thereby persecution upon them-
7638	selves at the instigation of a monk named N ephalius, a promoter of
7639	dissension.
7640	49. 'rhe monks of the desert sent certain aged anchor-
7641	ites to Constantinople, accompanied by Severus the chief of the
7642	Fathers-a wise man well versed in the Scriptures, and a perfect
7643	priest-to request the emperor Anastasius to issue orders to the
7644	monks to live peaceably in their dwellings and cloisters, and to
7645	pray on his behalf.
7646	50. And when they came to speak to the
7647	-' emperor they were recognized by the officers and conducted to
7648	the patriarch Macedonius, and they conversed with him on the
7649	subject of the faith.
7650	51. And thereupon he confessed openly what
7651	was hidden in his heart regarding the perverted faith which he
7652	followed;
7653	for he could not always conceal his
7654	views and
7655	prevent their coming to be known by some one.
7656	52. Now
7657	there was an Alexandrian, named Doritheus, who possessed
7658	S. Cyril's treatise on the faith. And he had conversed with Severus
7659	and had found him imbued with the doctrine of S. Cyril. 53. These
7660	two admonished Macedonius and the Chalcedonians, who t re-
7661	membered t two natures to Jesus Christ the Son of God, who is
7662	one.
7663	And it was marvellous in their eyes, and they named this
7664	book P hilalethes.
7665	54. But Macedonius and his adherents, as well as the partisans of
7666	the N estorians, were wroth, and said that after the manner of their
7667	(tris)agion the angels recite the trisagion.
7668	But Severus answered:
7669	c The angels recite as follows: cc Holy God, holy :Mighty One, holy
7670	Immortal One, have mercy upon us."
7671	Indeed the angels have no
7672	nece.ssity to say: cc Who was crucified for us"; for the crucifixion
7673	of our God was not on behalf of angels, but on behalf of us men
7674	was our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ crucified.
7675	55. And it was
7676	for our salvation that He came down from heaven and was iu-
7677	carnate and became man, and was crucified for us in the days
7678	of Pontius Pi late, and rose from the dead on the third day, as it is
7679	written in the holy Scriptures which were set in due order by our
7680	1 For H-t{}Cp(\: (= 'He who was crucified') read H-t{}rp~h:
p. 145
7681	128
7682	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
7683	LXXXIX. 56
7684	holy Fathers of Nicaea and Constantinople and Ephesus, who also
7685	established a fitting definition of His divinity.
7686	56. It is for this
7687	reason that we Christians say of necessity: (( 0 Thou who hast
7688	heen crucified for us, have mercy upon us." 'Ve believe also that the
7689	holy, mighty and immortal God was crucified for us.
7690	In like
7691	ma.nner also we truly believe that the holy Virgin Mary brought
7692	forth very God: and that they were not two different persons, but
7693	one and the same whom the Virgin bare and the Jews crucified-
7694	one and the same alike in birth, crucifixion, and resurrection.'
7695	57. And many similar arguments were addressed to the emperor
7696	and the magistrates, whereby the opinions of the heretical Nes-
7697	torians were overthrown from their foundation.
7698	58. And when
7699	they had by their orthodox arguments reduced Macedonius to
7700	silence, and his opinions had vanished because of the words of
7701	truth, he thought out an evil device, and spake to the emperor and
7702	the magistrates to this effect: (I too believe the same facts as the
7703	orienta.ls, and I say in the church: cc 0 Thou that wast crucified 1
7704	for us, have mercy upon us.'"
7705	59. But in secret he stirred up the
7706	heretics against the emperor, saying unto them: 'They have intro-
7707	duced novelties into the faith of our Christian Fathers.'
7708	Then the
7709	heretics assembled and proceeded to the court of the emperor in
7710	order to stir up a tumult with a view to the banishment of Plato,
7711	who administered all the affairs of his empire: he was very highly
7712	and universally honoured.
7713	60. And yielding to fear, he took to
7714	flight and hid himself.
7715	And these heretics and the soldiers who
7716	were with them cried aloud and proclaimed the name of another
7717	emperor of the ltomans.
7718	61. And they proceeded with haste to the
7719	house of Marinus the Syrian, an illustrious man.2 And they burnt
7720	his house and possessions.
7721	And they sought to slay him, but they
7722	could not find him; for he had fled, and was saved through the
7723	strong aid of our Lord Jesus Christ.
7724	62. Now the lying patriarch
7725	:Macedonius had calumniated this Godloving man to the people,
7726	and had said unto them: (It is Marinus who turns the heart of
7727	the emperor from the faith.'
7728	63. And moved with evil zeal they
7729	sought for him with a view to slaying him, though he was unaware
7730	of it.
7731	And when they had plundered the house of this illustrious
7732	man and carried out the silver vessels he possessed, they divided
7733	1 Reading as in ver. 56 H ... tlrfJ~h:
7734	2 In John !llal. 407 he is an ex-prefect.
p. 146
7735	LXXXIX. 70
7736	BISHOP OF NIKIU
7737	129
7738	them amongst themselves.
7739	64. But indeed the moment the crowds'
7740	entered the house of the magistrate they found (in it) a monk
7741	of the east, (and) they led him forth and put him to death, believing
7742	him to be the Godloving Severus.
7743	And they took his head and
7744	carried it about throughout all the city crying aloud thef;c words:
7745	, This is the enemy of the Holy Trinity.' 65. And they went also
7746	to the house of J uliana, who belonged to the family of the emperor
7747	Leo (and proclaimed her husband), who was named Ariobindus,
7748	(emperor).
7749	But when he was apprised of their coming he took to
7750	flight.
7751	66. But the people kept shamelessly perpetrating these
7752	excesses.
7753	Then the Godloving emperor Anastasius, being guided
7754	by the true faith of Christ, arose and accompanied by all the
7755	senators ascended the imperial throne, clothed in the imperial robes.
7756	And when all the people saw him, they were pained and grieved
7757	and became repentant, and fearing the emperor they besought him
7758	to pardon their transgression, confessing their offences.
7759	67. And
7760	the emperor said to them in a loud voice; 'Be not afraid: lo!
7761	I h.ave pardoned you.' 1
7762	And thereupon all the people dispersed to
7763	their several dwellings, and tranquillity was restored. But after a
7764	few days, the same people stirred up fresh disturbances, and so the
7765	emperor Anastasius mustered a numerous force of soldiers and gave
7766	orders to them to seize the rioters, and when they were seized and
7767	brought to the emperor, some had their limbs broken, others were
7768	executed, and others sent into banishment.
7769	68. And by these
7770	measures tranquillity was restored, and the fear of the emperor was
7771	inspired in the hearts of the citizens. It was then also that
7772	Macedonius was banished, who had brought about the destruction
7773	of many.
7774	He was stripped of his episcopal dignities and reckoned
7775	as a murderer, and expelled from the congregation (of the faithful).
7776	69. And the bishops of the east arrived in Byzantium and made
7777	the following accusations to the emperor Anastasius against Flavian,
7778	patriarch of Antioch; that he was a N estorian, though he had
7779	accepted the Henoticon of the emperor Zeno; that he had again
7780	joined the Chalcedonians, and accepted the abominable letter of
7781	Leo, in which were mentioned the two natures and twofold opera-
7782	tions of Him who is one only and indivisible, Jesus Christ, very
7783	God.
7784	70. And the Godloving emperor Anastasius, moreover,
7785	1 Not so in John Mal. 407-8.
7786	K
7787	! i
7788	, I
7789	:t
7790	! ,
7791	1
p. 147
7792	130
7793	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
7794	LXXXIX. 7r~
7795	banished him to Petra in Palestine; for he had cursed the orthodox:
7796	and had embraced the faith of the wicked heretics.
7797	71. And Vitalian, moreover, who was commander of the troops
7798	in the province of Thrace, being a man of perverse heart, hated
7799	Severus the saint of God.
7800	Now the emperor Anastasius had
7801	appointed Severus patriarch of Antioch in the room of the heretic
7802	Flavian, whom he had banished, when the orthodox bishops of the
7803	east testified in the favour of the former.
7804	72. And Vitalian, whom we have just mentioned, raised a revolt
7805	against the emperor Anastasius, and seized Thrace and Scythia 1 I
7806	a.nd Mysia, and mustered a numerous army.
7807	73. And the emperor
7808	sent against him a general named Hypatius. And when they
7809	fought together, he was vanquished by Vitalian and taken prisoner.
7810	And on the payment of a large ransom he was set free.
7811	74. But
7812	immediately on his return to the emperor, the latter removed him
7813	from his command, and appointed in his room, another general,
7814	named Cyri1, of the province of Illyria.
7815	75. And he also gave
7816	battle to Vitalian, and there was great slaughter on both sides.
7817	Cyril the general retired into the city named Odyssus, and stayed
7818	there while Vitalian withdrew into the province of Bu1garia.
7819	76. And he gave large sums of money to the guards who kept the
7820	gates of Odyssus, and then, marching by night, he put Cyril the
7821	general to death and captured the city.
7822	77. And he attacked also
7823	the province of Thrace, and plundered all its wealth, and likewise
7824	the cities of Europe, and S ycae, and the region over against Con-
7825	stantinople and Sosthenium, and he established himself in the
7826	church of the holy Archangel Michael, devising by what means he
7827	could make himself master of the empire of Byzantium.
7828	78. And the emperor Anastasius sent to the philosopher Proclus
7829	in order that he might render help to Marinus.
7830	79. And the
7831	emperor informed him regarding the rebel Vitalian and the audacity
7832	he had shown.
7833	But Marinus encouraged the emperor, saying:
7834	( I will overcome this rebel by the might of God; only give orders
7835	that I may be accompanied by soldiers and the philosopher Proclus.
7836	Procure for me also unpurged sulphur resembling powdered anti-'
7837	mony.' 80. And the emperor gave him the sulphur. And Marinus
7838	1 As Zot,enberg shows, the hbt..£-: is a transliteration of the Arabic words for
7839	, Curds', i. e. 'Scythians '.
p. 148
7840	f!.
7841	LXXXIX. 88
7842	BISHOP OF NIKIU'
7843	131
7844	ground it into a t hard powder t, 1 and said publicly: 'If you cast
7845	(this) on a house or on a ship, it will take fire when the sun rises
7846	and melt it like wax.'
7847	81. And Marinus took with him many
7848	ships, and he mustered all the soldiers he could find in Constanti-
7849	nople, and he proceeded. to wage war against V italian as the
7850	emperor had commanded.
7851	82. And when the rebel saw Marinus
7852	he took all the ships he could find and manned them with a large
7853	force of Scythian and Gothic archers, and sailed in the direction of
7854	Byzantium, believing that he should get the better of his opponents.
7855	83. But Marinus and his companions, through the mighty help of
7856	God, got the better of this enemy, and the design of this shameless
7857	rebel failed of accomplishment, and thereupon Vitalian, the cause of
7858	civil strife, took to flight.
7859	84. And Marinus gave the unpurged sulphur to the sailors, and
7860	commanded them to cast it on the ships of the rebel foe in order
7861	that they might be burl\t.
7862	And when the fleets of Marinus and of
7863	this rebel encountered each other, they (the sailors) cast the sulphur.
7864	into the ships of Vitalian about the third hour of the day, and
7865	immediately the ships burst into flames and sank in the depths.
7866	85. And when Vitalian saw this he was stupefied, and his
7867	remaining forces turned back and fled.
7868	And the general Marinus
7869	put all the rebels he could find to the sword, and pursued them till
7870	they came to the church of S. Mamas. And as night was approach-
7871	ing Marinus encamped there and guarded the route.
7872	86. But
7873	Vitalian after his defeat marched throughout the night and fled
7874	with his followers in fear and terror to a place named Anchialus.
7875	And he traversed that night a space of sixty miles, as ·he feared
7876	lest Marinus should pursue him and make him a prisoner.
7877	On the
7878	morrow everyone forsook him and left him alone.
7879	87. And the emperor Anastasius distributed many alms amongst
7880	the poor and destitute in the district of Sosthenium.
7881	And he set
7882	out from the imperial city and stayed in the church of S. Michael,
7883	praying and giving thanks to God for all the benefits He had
7884	bestowed upon him and for the victory which He had given him
7885	over his adversaries, and displaying an irreproachable (and) orthodox
7886	faith.
7887	88. Next the emperor Anastasius ordered that a large sum
7888	of gold should be given to the philosopher Proclus. But he refused
7889	1 This should be 'fine powder'.
7890	Cf. John Mal. 403 f17rwv Tpl{3~val aUrO WS ~jr
7891	p.ryp.a Af1rT6v.
7892	, K 2
7893	! a
7894	\/;
7895	,
7896	1'1
7897	I
7898	I
7899	,'
7900	!,:,
7901	)
7902	• )1
7903	,"
p. 149
7904	132
7905	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
7906	LXXXIX. ~9
7907	to take the money and, ~aluting the emperor, he requested him
7908	(to let him go back to Athens), saying: C Whoever loves money is
7909	not worthy to be a philosopher, and the contempt of money likewise
7910	in those that cultivate philosophy is honourable.'
7911	And the emperor
7912	let him go, and held him in high honour.
7913	89. And all the orthodox believers who had accepted the Henoticon
7914	of the righteous emperor Zeno were highly esteemed by the emperor.
7915	And at that time appeared from the city of Nikius 1 John priest and
7916	monk; for the patriarch had refused to accept him.
7917	90. Now
7918	the priest John 2 was wise and· Godloving and well versed in the
7919	Scriptures, and he lived in the convent of Far.
7920	91. And the
7921	inhabitants of the city of Sa and those of the city of Akelft came to
7922	be at variance with each other.
7923	Thereupon the bishops of the two·
7924	cities arose and went to the emperor Anastasius, and besought him
7925	to ordain for them suitable canons, to hold a Council, and expel the
7926	Chalcedonians and blot out their remembrance from the church
7927	and that of all bishops who agreed with the abominable Leo who
7928	proclaimed the two natures.
7929	92. But the emperor in his goodness did not force them con-
7930	trary to their inclinations, but (suffered) each (to) act according
7931	to his own inclination.
7932	And the emperor Anastasius paid great
7933	honour to those who agreed with him in the orthodox faith and
7934	distributed numerous alms and virtuously completed his work.
7935	93. And subsequently the emperor fell ill.
7936	Now he was an old
7937	man, and at the age of ninety years he went to his rest in great
7938	honour, as saith the Scriptures: (All the glory of man is but as
7939	grass: as soon as the sun a~ .. iseth, the grass withereth, the flower
7940	thereof fadeth, the beauty of the appearance thereof perisheth, but
7941	the word of the Lord abideth for ever.' 3
7942	CHAPTER X C. 1. And after the blessed Godloving orthodox emperor
7943	Anastasius went to his rest, Justin the terrible, the consort of the
7944	empress Euphemia, ascended the throne, and was crowned with the
7945	imperial crown in pursuance of the decision of the trusty councillors
7946	of the emperor.
7947	2. Some say regarding him that he was tchief
7948	over the seventh assemblage in Byzantium t.4
7949	But all the officers
7950	1 Nakius on B.
7951	2 .John Niciota, Monophysite patriarch of Alexandria 507-517.
7952	s 1 Pet. i. 24.
7953	• Hopelessly corrupt. John Mal. 410 has IC6f1TJ~ ltICuv/3IT6pOJv = 'Count of the
7954	imperial guard '.
7955	So also CMan. Pasch. 330.
p. 150
7956	\
7957	----_.
7958	---'"'-=.~..,.--
7959	XC. 10
7960	BISHOP OF NIKIU
7961	133
7962	did not approve of him; for he was unlettered, but he was a soldier
7963	and a valiant man. 3. Now there was a man named Amantius whom
7964	the officers wished to make emperor over them after the emperor
7965	Anastasius, and the councillors had given large sums of money to
7966	Justin to distribute among the civilians and the soldiers, in order that
7967	they might proclaim his name and spread abroad the rumour that
7968	God had named him emperor.
7969	But these refused to do so.
7970	And
7971	so the councillors were thereupon obliged to make Justin emperor.l
7972	4. And when J ustin became emperor he put to death all the
7973	eunuchs, however guiltless they were, because t.hey had not approved
7974	of his elevation to the throne; for he thought they would plot evil
7975	against him.
7976	5. And in the beginning of the reign of J ustin there rose in the
7977	east a fearful and terrible comet.2
7978	And for this reason the emperor
7979	Justin sent and recalled Vitalian who had been the enemy of the
7980	emperor Anastasius, and appointed him a master of the forces. 3
7981	6. And he changed the \ orthodox faith of the emperor Anastasius,
7982	and the Henoticon of the emperor Zeno was rejected: communion
7983	with the Chalcedonians was restored, and the letter of Leo was
7984	accepted and enrolled amongst the writings of the Eastern Church.
7985	7. In the first year of his reign the great Severus, the patriarch
7986	of the great cit.y of Antioch, t appeared t. When he heard of the
7987	change of f:;1ith and the return of Vitalian and his reception at
7988	the court of the emperor Justin, he became afraid and fled into
7989	Egypt and abandoned his (patriarchal) throne.
7990	8. Now Vitalian
7991	hated him and wished to cut out his tongue because he had written
7992	(and delivered) in the church long and short homilies, full of
7993	knowledge and invective directed against the temperort4 Leo
7994	because of his corrupt faith.
7995	9. And Paul was appointed patriarch
7996	of Antioch in the room of Severus, and this Paul was in communion
7997	with the Chalcedonians.
7998	And a schism then arose and none
7999	associated with him save the magistrates of the emperor only.
8000	10. The people turned away from him because of his being a
8001	1 This account is incorrect. According to John Mal. 410 sq., Chron. Pasch.
8002	331, Amantius gave large sums of money to Justin to distribute in order to
8003	secure the elevation of Theocritus, a Count of the palace guard, to the imperial
8004	throne.
8005	2 Here the text reads CIDfl..l1: = K6p.'I}Y, corrupt for KOP.~T7'JY (Zoten berg),
8006	S John Mal. 411 uTpaT'I}AaT'I}v 1TpaluEVTOV.
8007	4 This should be the patriarch Leo referred to in ver. 6.
8008	I
8009	tl
8010	11
8011	1
8012	I
8013	t
8014	{
8015	I
8016	i
8017	1
8018	I
8019	1
8020	I
p. 151
8021	134
8022	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8023	XC. 11
8024	N estorian and refused the sacerdotal benediction and baptism save
8025	at the hands of the priests ordained in secret by the great Severus.
8026	1]. Now he who wished to cut out the tongue of the great Severus
8027	soon died of a violent death.
8028	Now Vitalian's death was brought
8029	about by his plotting, after his appointment by the emperor J ustin,
8030	to raise a revolt (against him) as he had done against the emperor
8031	before him.
8032	12. And thereupon (Justin) gave orders for his
8033	execution.
8034	Ji"'or God punished him speedily, even as Severus had
8035	prophesied regarding him that he should die a violent death.
8036	13. And the patriarch Severus (composed) a treatise full of
8037	wisdom and the fear of God, and sent it to the patrician GodJoving
8038	Caesaria j for she was a chosen vessel, of the imperial family of
8039	Rome, and she was strong in the orthodox faith in which she had
8040	been instructed by the holy patriarch Severus.
8041	And this teaching
8042	prevails to the present day among the Egyptian monks.
8043	14. And
8044	subsequently Paul the Chalcedonian, of Antioch, died, who had been
8045	appointed after Severus, and another was appointed in his room,
8046	named Euphrasius, of Jerusalem.
8047	This man hated the Christians
8048	attached to the teaching of Severus.
8049	And many of the orthodox
8050	were put to death on account of the faith which he taught.
8051	15. And he stirred up civil war throughout all the Roman empire,
8052	and there was much shedding of blood. And in the city of Antioch
8053	there were great tumults during five years.
8054	And no one could
8055	speak owing to fear of the emperor.
8056	16. And there arose many men belonging to the people who in
8057	Constantinople *and the cities of HelIas 1 loudly accused the patrician
8058	Justinian his brother's son. Now Justinian helped the Blue Faction
8059	to commit murder and pillage among the various nations. 17. And
8060	(the emperor) appointed a prefect named Theodotus, (formerly
8061	count) of the east to punish all who had been guilty of crime, and
8062	he made him swear that he would show no partiality.
8063	18. And
8064	beginning with Constantinople he punished many guilty persons,
8065	and subsequently had Theodosius arrested and put to death.
8066	And
8067	he was very rich. And next he had Justinian the patrician arrested,
8068	and wished to put him to death.
8069	But when he fen ill, he let him
8070	go.
8071	19. And the emperor on hearing these things was wroth with
8072	the prefect and stripped him of his dignities and sent him in exile
8073	from Constantinople into the east.
8074	And fearing lest he should be
8075	1 These words 'occur after 'patrician' in the text.

Provenance

title: Charles – The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London 1916) — archive.org text layer
dialect: none
source: text layer of corpus/incoming/histories/historians/john-of-nikiu-chronicle/charles-john-of-nikiu-1916.pdf (archive.org OCR; tools/build_repository.py histories())
licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): PD-US (published ≤1930)
share: public
attribution: Charles – The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London 1916); public domain in Canada (death year verified: R. H. Charles d.1931 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924479 d. 1931-01-30) — staged at corpus/incoming/histories/historians/john-of-nikiu-chronicle/charles-john-of-nikiu-1916.pdf from https://archive.org/details/JohnOfNikiuChronicle1916 (HIST-1, 2026-09-29)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
file: History/Historians – Christian Egypt/John of Nikiu — Chronicle (survives in Ethiopic, from an Arabic version of a Greek-Coptic original)/charles-john-of-nikiu-1916.text-layer.L0.txt

Cite as:

Charles – The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London 1916) — archive.org text layer. text layer of corpus/incoming/histories/historians/john-of-nikiu-chronicle/charles-john-of-nikiu-1916.pdf (archive.org OCR; tools/build_repository.py histories()). Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/history/historians-christian-egypt/john-of-nikiu-chronicle-survives-in-ethiopic-from-an-arabic-version-of-a-greek-c-e12613/charles-john-of-nikiu-1916.text-layer/. Charles – The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London 1916); public domain in Canada (death year verified: R. H. Charles d.1931 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924479 d. 1931-01-30) — staged at corpus/incoming/histories/historians/john-of-nikiu-chronicle/charles-john-of-nikiu-1916.pdf from https://archive.org/details/JohnOfNikiuChronicle1916 (HIST-1, 2026-09-29)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

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