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Attribution: Charles – The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London 1916); public domain in Canada (death year verified: R. H. Charles d.1931 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924479 d. 1931-01-30) — staged at corpus/incoming/histories/historians/john-of-nikiu-chronicle/charles-john-of-nikiu-1916.pdf from https://archive.org/details/JohnOfNikiuChronicle1916 (HIST-1, 2026-09-29)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): PD-US (published ≤1930)

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ref	L0 witness
p. 152
8076	XC. 27
8077	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8078	135
8079	put to death there, he went to the holy places of Jerusalem and
8080	lived there in seclusion.
8081	20. And subsequently all the soldiers and people assembled
8082	together in Byzantium and disowned their allegiance to the emperor.
8083	And they besought God .saying: (Give us a good emperor like
8084	Anastasius or else remove the emperor J ustin whom Thou hast
8085	given us.' 21. And there arose a man amongst them named Qamos,
8086	who said unto them: 'Thus saith the Lord: see, I love you:
8087	wherefore do ye supplicate Me.
8088	Behold him whom I have given
8089	unto you-I will give you no other ;~for if he did according to
8090	that which is written, supplications would arise amongst the
8091	adversaries of the emperor.
8092	For it is owing to the sins of this city
8093	that I have appointed this emperor who is a hater of the virtuous.'
8094	Thus saith the Lord: 'I will give you rulers according to your
8095	own hearts.'
8096	22. And the emperor was grieved when he heard
8097	these words.
8098	However, he sought to gain the affection of the
8099	people, as he feared lest th~ wise should admonish him according to
8100	the laws of this world.
8101	23. And so on his own initiative he chose
8102	and appointed in the room of Theodotus and Theodore prefects of
8103	the imperial city: and the names of those who were appointed
8104	were Theodore and Ephraim of Amida.
8105	These, indeed, by great
8106	efforts and severity, put an end to civil war amongst the citizens,
8107	made feuds to cease, and established peace.
8108	24. But these means were not yet sufficient to turn away the
8109	wrath of God from the earth owing to the declension of the
8110	emperor.
8111	For there came an earthquake from God and fire fell
8112	from heaven on the city of Antioch, extending from the church of
8113	S. Stephen to the house of the chief of the army, in breadth and
8114	length, and as far as the bath called Taina.don1Jus and the bath of
8115	the Syrian nation.
8116	25. And about the same time also fires burst
8117	out in the countries of the east and along all the routes for six
8118	months, and no one could pass in this direction or that.
8119	And there
8120	were conflagrations in the city and many souls perished in the
8121	flames, and the fire descended from above the houses and they were
8122	destroyed to their foundations. 26. And likewise in the days of that
8123	emperor, the great eity of Antioch in Syria was sorely afflicted and
8124	was devastated six times.
8125	The people who remained wasted away
8126	in their houses and became as soulless bodies.
8127	27. Burning coals of
8128	fire like thunderbolts fell from the air and set fire to everything
p. 153
8129	136
8130	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8131	XC. 28
8132	they touched, and the city was overthrown to its foundations.
8133	28. And the fire pursued those who wished to flee, whilst those who
8134	remained in the houses were consumed by the fire. And the beauty
8135	of the city of Antioch was destroyed, and none could escape the
8136	fire.
8137	No more did the houses on the heights 1 escape this visitation.
8138	And many edificer sacred to the martyrs were devastated, and some
8139	of them were cloven in twain from the top to the bottom, and the
8140	great church which had been built in the days of the emperor
8141	Constantine was destroyed.
8142	29. And weeping and lamentation
8143	were multiplied throughout the city, and the number of men,
8144	women, young people and babes that died was 250,000 souls.
8145	30. And when the festival of the Ascension of our Lord and
8146	Saviour Jesus Christ arrived, many people assembled in the church
8147	called Karadaum, in order to make intercession because of this
8148	terrible event.
8149	31. And many who had survived the visitation
8150	went out to bury their dead, and others drew forth (from the debris)
8151	certain women with their babes which had escaped.2 32. Moreover,
8152	the unfortunate Euphrasius, who had been unfitted for the
8153	patriarcbate, perished in the fire.
8154	And they appointed by lot as his
8155	successor a man named (Ephraim), of Amida in Mesopotamia.
8156	And he also was a Chalcedonian, and persecuted the orthodox as
8157	his predecessors had done.
8158	33. And the cities of Seleucia and
8159	Daphne and all the towns within a radius of twenty miles (were
8160	destroyed). And all who saw (these things) said: 'All these
8161	calamities have taken place because the orthodox faith has been
8162	forsaken, and also because of the unjust expulsion of the patriarch
8163	Severus, and the evil deeds perpetrated by the emperor J ustin and
8164	his abandonment of the faith of the Godloving emperors that
8165	preceded him.
8166	These are the causes alike of tbis affliction and this
8167	tribulation.' 34. And when the emperor Justin beard these things,
8168	(he put off) bis imperial crown and garments and wept and
8169	lamented, and ceased to visit the theatre. And under tbe pressure
8170	of strong necessity he went from the imperial court to the church
8171	1 John Mal. 419 contradicts this.
8172	2 This translation accepts Zotenberg's emendation of the text save that it
8173	inserts CD before .£cP.fC1J>4:
8174	Without it the text is untranslateable.
8175	Zoten-
8176	berg's translation of his emended text is impossible. The original sense of this
8177	passage is no doubt that in John Mal. 421 : 1ToJ..J..a~ OE ,,(ElIv.qIYauat Eis T~lI "'I~lI /((lTCtJ
8178	inro Tll xwp.a.m av~AOoll UVlI lIT}1TtOlS a/3J..a/3E'is "a~ t(T}uall p.ETa TWVTEXfUVTCtJlI Et aVTWy.
8179	1:
8180	i:.,! Ii I
8181	:I r
8182	'!
8183	I {
p. 154
8184	XC. 41
8185	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8186	137
8187	on the fifth day of the Easter festival, walking on the ground with
8188	bare feet.
8189	And all the people and the Senate wept and lamented
8190	with abundant tears.
8191	And he gave much money in order to
8192	rebuild the churches and towns which had been destroyed: no
8193	emperor before him gave in the same measure.
8194	35. And in his reign the Lazaeans, who had been under the sway
8195	of the Persians, and had embraced the cult of their idols, came to him
8196	and became Christians.
8197	36. It was on the occasion of the death
8198	of the king of the Persians that they received grace from heaven,
8199	that is, faith in the Son of God, our Lord Jesus Christ.
8200	37. And
8201	thereupon they came to the city of Constantinople to the emperor
8202	Juatin, saying: 'We wish thee to make us Christians like thy-
8203	self, and we shall then be subjects of the Roman empire/ And
8204	he received them gladly, and had them baptized in the name of
8205	the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, the con substantial
8206	Trinity.
8207	38. And he honoured their chief exceedingly, and clothed
8208	him after his baptism with a robe of honour, and rendered to him
8209	imperial honours, and gave him for his spouse the daughter of
8210	a great official, who was named ronios,l and he sent him back to
8211	his own country with great honours.
8212	39. And when Cabades, the
8213	king of the Persians, heard these things he was greatly grieved,
8214	and sent ambassadors to the emperor J ustin with the following
8215	message: 'Heretofore there have been friendship and peace between
8216	us : but behold now thou hast created enmity and hast treceivedt 2
8217	the king of the Lazaeans, who from the earliest times has been
8218	subject to our sway, and not to that of Rome.' 40. And when
8219	the emperor J ustin heard this message, he wrote a reply in the
8220	following terms: 'We have not taken from thee any of thy
8221	subjects; but when a man named Tzathius came to us, humbly
8222	begging us to deliver him from the error wherein he walked,
8223	namely, the errors of demons and of pagans, and from impure
8224	sacrifices, and besought us that he might be made a Christian, how
8225	could r forbid one who desired to return to the true God, the
8226	Creator of all things? 41. And when he became a Christian, and
8227	was deemed worthy to receive the holy mysteries, we permitted him
8228	1 Chron. Pasch. 332 "OVIVOS'; John Mal. 413 NopoS'.
8229	2 Corrupt. John Mal. and the Chron. Pasch. have 7TpOfXHp[(J'(J). In the latter,
8230	some sentences earlier, this Cabades is stated to have been 1TpOXEtPt(J'8E~S' Ka2
8231	O'TEcpOE1S' l3aalAEvS' Aa(wv by Justin. Hence we should have here' given investiture
8232	to', 01' the like.
8233	\"
p. 155
8234	138
8235	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8236	XC·41l
8237	to return to his own country.'
8238	And for this reason there was
8239	enmity between the Romans and the Persians.
8240	42. And the emperor Justin (requested) Ziligdes, king of the
8241	Huns, to be his ally in the war, and he gave him numerous presents,
8242	and made him swear a solemn oath that he would deal truly and
8243	fairly with him.
8244	43. But Ziligdes proved false to his oath, and
8245	set out to join Cabades, king- of Persia, with 20,000 soldiers,
8246	and formed an alliance with him, and joined him.
8247	But the
8248	Christians had the help of God, who always wars against their
8249	enemies.
8250	44. For when the Persians went forth to give battle the
8251	emperor Justin sent the following message to the king of Persia:
8252	'Behold, it is fitting that we should be brothers in friendship, and
8253	not be mocked by our enemies.
8254	And behold we wish to inform
8255	thee that Ziligdes the Hun has received large sums from us with
8256	a view to helping us in the time of war, and behold now he has
8257	gone to thee with treacherous intent, and in the time of war he will
8258	come to our side and slay the Persians.
8259	And now, as thou say est,
8260	let there be no enmity between us, but peace.'
8261	45. And when
8262	Cabades, king of Persia, heard this,he asked Ziligdes and said unto.
8263	him: 'Is it true that thou hast received moneys from the Romans
8264	to help them against the Persians?' And he answered, 'Yes'.
8265	And Cabades was enraged, and immediately commanded his head
8266	to be cut off; for he thought that he had done this with
8267	treacherous intent.
8268	46. And he sent soldiers to fight against the
8269	20,000 troops who had come with him, and he put them to the
8270	sword, and only a few escaped, who returned in great shame to
8271	their own country.
8272	And from that day friendship prevailed
8273	between Cabades, king of Persia, and J ustin, the emperor of Rome.
8274	47. But the reign of J ustin did not last long after the conclusion
8275	of this friendship, and in the ninth year of his reign he fell into
8276	a grievous illness, for he had a wound in his head,l which had been
8277	struck by an arrow in battle.
8278	The wound reopened, and remained
8279	incurable for a long time.
8280	48. And during his illness he appointed
8281	his brother's son emperor, and placed upon him the imperial crown,
8282	and put all the affairs of the empire in his hands.
8283	And thereupon
8284	he died.
8285	49. And Justinian, after he had taken the empire into his
8286	hands, resided in Constantinople with his wife Theodora.
8287	And he
8288	1 According to other chroniclers the wound was in his foot.
p. 156
8289	xc. 56
8290	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8291	139
8292	practised every virtue, and all shameless persons concealed them-
8293	selves from his notice.
8294	50. And he built churches everywhere, and
8295	hospices for strangers, and asylums for old men, and hospitals for
8296	the sick, and orphanages, and many other like establishments.
8297	51. And he restored many cities which had been destroyed, and
8298	gave large sums of money to the people.
8299	None of the emperors
8300	that preceded him had done as he did.
8301	52. And Cabades, king of Persia, wished to make war upon (the
8302	king of) the Lazaeans, because he had given aid to Rome, and had
8303	become a Christian, and had embraced their faith.
8304	And (the
8305	latter) wrote to the emperor Justinian (requesting him) to give him
8306	aid because of his faith in Christ.
8307	And he sent thereupon to
8308	him numerous forces under three commanders, whose names were
8309	Belisarius,I Cerycus, and Irenaeus, in order to help him.
8310	53. But
8311	when they engaged in battle many of the Romans (fell); 2 for
8312	(the generals) were at variance with each other.
8313	And when the
8314	emperor heard (this news) he was very wroth, and sent Peter to be
8315	commander with a large force of archers.
8316	And this Peter placed
8317	himself at the head of the Roman generals,3 and, forming a junction
8318	with the Lazaeans, they attacked the Persians, and put a great
8319	number of the Persians to the sword on that occasion.
8320	54. And the emperor Justinian loved God with all his heart and
8321	mind., Now there was a magician named Masides, who resided in
8322	the city of Byzantium, and there dwelt with him a band of demons,
8323	who served him.
8324	And all·-the faithful shunned him, and had no
8325	intercourse at all with him.
8326	And this magician commanded the
8327	demons to inflict evil plagues on men.
8328	55. And those who lived
8329	without using remedies for the soul and became remiss, attending
8330	the theatre and the races, and particularly certain nohles in the
8331	city, i. e. Addaeus and Aetherius, patricians, held this enemy of
8332	God in high honour.
8333	56. And these same patricians spoke of this
8334	magician to the emperor, and said unto him: C This man has caused
8335	the destruction of the Persians, and will give victory to the Romans~
8336	And he will be serviceable to the Roman empire by his practices,
8337	1 So Chron. Pasch. 335. But John Mal. 427 gives Gilderichus.
8338	2 Cf. Chron. Pasch. 335
8339	7TOAAO~ t7TE(raV TOU ·Prup.a1ruv uTpaTou.
8340	Here John Mal.
8341	427 has E7TfUOV ft ap.(poT~pruv 7TOAAOI.
8342	S This is quite wrong. Peter removed these generals from their commands.
8343	Cf. ChTon. Pasch. d.7TO"tv~O'avTo> aliTou>.
p. 157
8344	11
8345	I
8346	I
8347	!
8348	'1
8349	140
8350	rl'HE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8351	XC. 57
8352	and he will see to the administration of the nations, and cause the
8353	taxes to be collected excellently, and he will send demons against
8354	the Persians, and make their stout warriors weak through manifold
8355	plagues separate and distinct, and he will make them (the Romans)
8356	victors without a battle.' 57. But being firm of purpose he mocked
8357	the words of these servants of demons, and yet he wished to become
8358	acquainted with their impure devices.
8359	And so J\1asides carried out
8360	his evil practices as these patricians had told him.
8361	58. And when
8362	the emperor became acquainted (with these practices) he mocked
8363	them (the patricians) and said unto them: 'I do not desire the
8364	magic and sorcery which thou dost practise, thinking that thou'
8365	canst benefit the state.
8366	59. Am I, Justinian, a Christian emperor,
8367	to conquer by the help of demons? Not so, my help cometh from
8368	God and my Lord Jesus Christ, the Creator of the heavens and the
8369	earth.'
8370	And accordingly he drove away this magician and his
8371	assistants, for his hope was always in God.
8372	60. And some time later the emperor received the victory from
8373	God, and he commanded that the magician should be burnt.
8374	61. And the Persians, renewing hostilities against Rome, re-
8375	quested the H uns to send 20,000 warriors to fight against Rome.
8376	Now there was there a certain valiant woman amongst the toutert 1
8377	Huns, named queen Boa, in the language of the barbarians.
8378	62. And this woman, who was a widow, was wise.
8379	And she had
8380	two young sons, and thousands of Hunnish warriors were under
8381	her sway.
8382	And she exercised a vigorous rule since the death of her
8383	husband, who was named Balach.2
8384	63. And this woman arose and
8385	went to the Christian emperor Justinian, and brought him a great
8386	quantity of gold and silver and precious stones.3
8387	And the emperor
8388	commanded her to attack the two chiefs who wished to make an
8389	alliance with the Persians and to fight against the Romans.
8390	And
8391	these are their names, Astera and Aglanos. 4
8392	64. And when this
8393	woman had overtaken these chiefs, who were making terms with
8394	the Persians, she gave them battle and defeated them, and slew
8395	Aglanos and his followers on the field of battle.
8396	65. And AsMra
8397	1 John Mal. 430 has here Mruf(Ia Ell TWII ~afMpwII O{i""WII.
8398	2 .John Mal. }las BAUX.
8399	3 It was Justinian made these presents to the queen of the Huns. Cf. John
8400	Mal. 431.
8401	• In .John Mal. 431 these are named Topart and rAW~.
p. 158
8402	XC·7I
8403	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8404	141
8405	she took alive, and seized him, and seut him in chains to Constan~
8406	tinople.
8407	And they hanged him on a tree, and fixed him (thereto)
8408	with nails.
8409	66. And subsequently there came a man of the H uns named
8410	Jaroks 1 to the emperor Justinian, and he W3S baptized and became
8411	a Christian.
8412	And the emperor Justinian was his sponsor at the
8413	baptism, and he gave him abundant honours, and sent him back
8414	to his own country.
8415	Now this man became a vassal of the Roman
8416	empIre.
8417	67. And when he returned home he told his brother
8418	regarding the gifts which the emperor had given him.
8419	And he
8420	also became a Christian. This Jaroks took all the idols which the
8421	Huns worshipped and brake them in pieces, and took the silver
8422	wherewith they were covered and burnt them with fire.
8423	And all
8424	the people of the country of the Huns who were barbarians were
8425	wroth, and they rose against him and . slew him.
8426	68. And when
8427	the emperor Justinian heard of this, he arose and went to war
8428	against them, and he se~t many ships by the sea of Pontus and
8429	many warriors of the Scythians and Goths.
8430	And he set Tt1l1lan,2
8431	a valiant general, over the ships.
8432	69. But as for the cavalry he
8433	dispatched them by land, and there was a numerous army with
8434	Baduarius as commander.
8435	And when the inhabitants of the
8436	country of the Huns heard (of these forces) they took to flight,
8437	and concealed themselves.
8438	And the emperor seized their country
8439	and made peace with them anew.
8440	70. And in those days there reigned in the country of the Huns
8441	a man named Grepes (text-Akraids),3 and he went to the emperor
8442	Justinian and became a Christian, he and all his kindred and
8443	officers.
8444	And the emperor gave him large sums of money, and sent
8445	him back to his own country with honour as a vassal of the Roman
8446	empire.
8447	71. And in the days of the emperor Justinian the Indians were
8448	at war with the Ethiopians.
8449	And the name of the king of the
8450	Indians was Endas.
8451	He worshipped the star caned Saturn. Now
8452	the country of the Ethiopians was not far distant from Egypt: it
8453	comprised three Indian states and four Abyssinian states, and they
8454	were, situated on the border of the Sea [ of Salt] towards the east.
8455	1 John Mal. 431 calls him rpwo, and Cedrenus rupoa~.
8456	2 In John Mal. 432 he is named' John the ex-consul '.
8457	3 See John Mal. 427. In Cedrenus i. 643 rpEr1]~.
p. 159
8458	142
8459	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8460	XC. 72
8461	72. Now the Christian merchants who travelled through the country
8462	of the star-worshippers and through the Homeritae,I whom we have
8463	mentioned and previously described, had to submit to seven trials.
8464	Damnus,2 the king of the Homeritae,I used to slay the Christian
8465	merchants who came to him, and to take their goods, saying: C The
8466	Romans used to oppress and slay the Jews, and on this account
8467	I also will slay all the Christians I find.'
8468	73. And for this reason
8469	commerce ceased and came to an end in the interior of India.
8470	74. And when the king of N ubi a heard these tidings, he sent to
8471	the king of the Homeritae 1 the following message: ,rrhou hast
8472	done an evil deed in that thou hast slain Christian merchants and
8473	inflicted injuries on my kingdom and on the kingdoms of other
8474	(kings) who live near at hand and far off from me.' 75. And when
8475	(Damnus) heard these words he went forth to fight.
8476	And when
8477	they encountered each other the king of N ubi a 3 opened his mouth
8478	and said: C If God give me the victory over this Jewish Damnus,
8479	I shall become a Christian.'
8480	76. And then he gave battle to this
8481	Jew, and conquered him and slew him, and made himself master
8482	of his kingdom and of his cities.
8483	And at that time he sent
8484	messengers to Alexandria tin reference to the Jews and the paganst.
8485	requesting the Roman governors to send from the empire of Rome
8486	a bishop to baptize and instruct in the holy Christian mysteries all
8487	the inhabitants of N ubia and the survivors of the Jews.
8488	77. And
8489	when the emperor Justinian was apprised of these facts, he gave
8490	orders that they should do for him all he requested, and should
8491	selld to him some priests and a bishop tfrom amongst the clergy
8492	of the holy patriarch Johnt.4
8493	He was a chaste and pions man.
8494	78. Such was the origin of the conversion of the Ethiopians in the
8495	days of the emperor Justinian.
8496	79. In his days also the king of Hedjaz, named Alamundar, arose
8497	and invaded Persia and Syria, and committed great depredations
8498	lOur text reads' peoples 'simply, but the error may have arisen, as Zotenberg
8499	points out, through the confusion of.J~1 and roOl. Cf. John Mal. 433, Cedrenus
8500	656.
8501	2 In John Mal. l:J.[P.1I0S, in Cedrenus i. 656 l:J.ap.tallos.
8502	Jewish proselytes held
8503	the throne of the Himyarites in the sixth century, and were conquered by the
8504	Axumitic king.
8505	3 This should be ' of Axum ' (?) ; cf. John Mal. 433.
8506	• He was the 1rapap.ollaptOs (= aedituus) of the church of S. John in Alexandria
8507	(John Mal. 430).
8508	l
p. 160
8509	XC. 86
8510	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8511	143
8512	as far as Antiocb, and put many people to the sword, and burned
8513	the city named Chalcis and other cities in the province of Sirmium
8514	and Cynegia.
8515	80. Thereupon the army of the east went forth to .
8516	meet them, but they did not await tbe attack, but seizing much
8517	booty retired into their own country.
8518	81. In the days also of the emperor Justinian there was a great
8519	earthquake in the land of Egypt, and many cities and villages were
8520	swallowed in the abyss.
8521	And those who lived in the country
8522	made prayers and many intercessions with tears, being grieved on
8523	account of the destruction that had been wrought.
8524	82. And after
8525	a year the wrath (0£ heaven) ceased and the earthquakes which
8526	had prevailed in every place were stayed.
8527	And the Egyptians
8528	celebrate the memorial of this day every year on the 17th of
8529	Teqemt.1
8530	83. And the remembrance of this calamity has been
8531	preserved for us by our fathers, the divinely-influenced Egyptian
8532	monks.
8533	For these earthquakes were due to the change in the
8534	orthodox faith brought about by the emperor Justinian, who had
8535	hardened his heart more than his father's brother, who had
8536	preceded him.
8537	84. And this Justinian commanded the Orientals to inscribe tbe
8538	names of the (bishops of tbe) Council of Chalcedon on the diptychs
8539	of the church, although they hau sent the patriarch Severus into
8540	exile-a custom wbich had hitherto not existed and which is not
8541	mentioned in the Apostolic Canons nor in the Councils of the
8542	Fathers who came later: none of the Councils should be mentioned
8543	in public worship.
8544	80. Now it was this emperor Justinian alone
8545	who established tbis custom throughout every province of his
8546	empire, and bad the names of the (bishops of the) Council of
8547	Chalcedon inscribed.
8548	And Anthimus, patriarch of Constanti·
8549	nople, and Acacius who had· been patriarch in the days of the
8550	emperor Zeno, and Peter, patriarch of Alexandria, were excom-
8551	municated.
8552	86. And he caused their names to be removed from
8553	the diptychs, and abolished the Henoticon of the emperor Zeno :
8554	he proscribed the name of the patriarch Abba Severus throughout
8555	all the province of Antioch and the adjoini~g districts, enjoining
8556	that it should not be mentioned in the diptychs of the church, but
8557	1 Zotenberg points out that no such event is mentioned in the Egyptian
8558	Calendars, but that on this day the memory of the patriarch Dioscorus II was
8559	celebrated in the ~Ionophysite Church.
8560	i
8561	11
8562	11 I
8563	I,
8564	j'
8565	l
p. 161
8566	J,
8567	I
8568	li
8569	~
8570	i I
8571	144
8572	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8573	XC.87
8574	cursed; and he caused the inhabitants of Alexandria to thirst after
8575	the waters of the doctrine of Dioscol1ls, who was succeeded by the
8576	patriarch Timothy.
8577	87. Now the emperor Justinian had given the
8578	patriarchal chair to the Chalcedonians, but as the empress Theodora,
8579	his wife, besought him on behalf of Timothy, patriarch of
8580	Alexandria, he permitted him on her account.
8581	Now she called him
8582	, spiritual father}.
8583	88. And in the days of this father, the emperor Justinian sent
8584	numerous forces to Alexandria, and these encompassed the city and
8585	wished to shed much blood.
8586	But Timothy the patriarch sent many
8587	anchorites and ascetics to the emperor to intercede on behalf of the
8588	church, and avert a massacre in the city and the shedding of
8589	innocent blood, and to get permission (for its people) to abide by
8590	the faith of its fathers.
8591	89. And when the emperor heard these
8592	petitions, he granted them on the intercession of the empress
8593	Theodora, who was near (?) to him, and he sent orders to the army
8594	to return to the province of Africa. 90. And the patriarch Timothy
8595	continued to reside in his palace, true to the orthodox faith.
8596	And
8597	again subsequently the emperor sent to Alexandria a chief eunuch,
8598	named Calotychius. In that year the Roman empire had reached
8599	its 1287th year.
8600	And the city continued tranquil for a short period.
8601	And the
8602	illustrious father Timothy died full of honour.
8603	CHAPTER XCI.
8604	1. And likewise in the days of this patriarch
8605	Timothy there took place in the city of Alexandria an event, great
8606	and very terrible and strange exceedingly.
8607	2. Now there was a
8608	house in the eastern quarter of the city, in a place called Arutiju,
8609	to the right of the church of the holy Athanasius.
8610	And in this
8611	house there dwelt a Jew, named Aubaruns, and he had a chest
8612	in which were the mandil and towel of our Lord J esus Christ~
8613	wherewith He girded Himself when He washed the feet of His
8614	disciples.
8615	3. His kindred gave it (the chest) to this Jew.
8616	He
8617	indeed did not open it; for though he often wished to open it
8618	he could not. For when he touched it, < fire) descended threatening
8619	to consume him who wished to open it.
8620	4. And he heard the
8621	voices of angels singing the praises of Him who was crucified
8622	on the cross, the Lord, the King of Glory.
8623	5. And as this Jew
8624	was terrified, he, his mother, and wife, and children went to the
8625	patriarch Timothy and told him (regarding it).
8626	And forthwith he
8627	·1
8628	1
p. 162
8629	XCII. 7
8630	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8631	145
8632	proceeded with crosses, and gospels, censers and lighted waxen
8633	candles, and he came to the place in which the chest was.
8634	6. And
8635	forthwith the lid of the coffer opened, and he took with great
8636	veneration the notable mandil and towel and conveyed them to
8637	the patriarchal palace, and placed them in the Church of the
8638	'rabenniosites, in a holy place.
8639	7. And an angel descended from
8640	heaven and closed until this day the lid of the brazen coffer wherein
8641	the mandll and towel had been.
8642	8. And all the inhabitants of
8643	Alexandria were indignant, and went to the Persians (?) and
8644	besought them to open the lid of the cofter, but they could not.
8645	9. rrhat Jew indeed and all his household became Christians then as
8646	was befitting.
8647	CHAPTER XCII.
8648	1. And after the death of the venerable father
8649	Timothy, the deacon Theodosius, who had been (his) secretary,
8650	was appointed in his stead.
8651	Whilst he was going to occupy his
8652	pontifical chair, an Ethiopian wished to kill him.
8653	He fled and
8654	came to the city Konus and lived there in solitude.
8655	2. Then the
8656	foolish populace seized Galnas and made him patriarch in the room
8657	of Theodosius, thus t.ransgressing the holy canons.
8658	3. And there
8659	was strife in the city j some said: 'We are rrheodosians '; and others
8660	said: (We are Gai"nites', even unto this day.
8661	4. And when the
8662	emperor heard of these events-now there was in the city a prefect
8663	named Dioscorus, and Aristomachus, moreover, was commander or
8664	the troops-the emperor Justinian ordered the military commander
8665	to proceed to Alexandria and bring back the (holy) father Theo-
8666	dosius from his exile.
8667	5. And (Aristomachus) established him in
8668	his (patriarchal) chair and sent Galnas into exile ... 1
8669	And when
8670	he had taken possession of the Church he gave it to Paul the
8671	Chalcedonian, who had been a monk among the Tabenniosites, and
8672	he made him patriarch.
8673	6. And joining the Chalcedonian faith, he
8674	furnished letters in his own hand (to this effect) and sent (them) to
8675	all the churches.
8676	And forthwith there arose an uproar among the
8677	Alexandrians, and they fought with one another; for there was
8678	none who supported Paul, as he was an apostate and a Nestorian.
8679	7. And it was not only Alexandria, but every city that disapproved
8680	of him j for he was a persecutor, and loved to shed blood.
8681	And
8682	the emperor Justinian deposed this Paul from his office, as he was
8683	found committing the abominable crime of sodomy with a deacon
8684	1 'fhere appears to be a lacuna in tlH'! tflxt.
8685	L
p. 163
8686	146
8687	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8688	XCII. 8
8689	in a bath, and he appointed in his room a monk, named Zoilus
8690	of the city of Aksenja.
8691	And him also the inhabitants of the
8692	city refused to receive.
8693	8. And Zoilus, seeing that the inhabitants
8694	of the city were hostile to him, sent a letter to the emperor
8695	Justinian, resigning the patriarchal dignity.
8696	9. Then the emperor
8697	appointed a reader, named Apollinaris, of the convent of Salama,
8698	in the city of Alexandria.
8699	And he was of gentle disposition, and
8700	a member of the Theodosian party.
8701	10. And they persuaded him
8702	to be patriarch in the place of Zoilus, and they promised him great
8703	gifts with a view to his re-establishing the faith of the Church.
8704	And Galnas died in exile before Theodosins.
8705	11. And the eml)eror Theodosius assembled a great number of
8706	bishops from every country, and Vigilius, patriarch of Rome.
8707	And after painful exertions many accepted the orthodox faith, but
8708	others followed the wicked N estorian and Chalcedonian creed,
8709	and of Theodore, bishop of Mopsuestia.
8710	12. And (the Council)
8711	anathematized the blasphemer N estorius, who spoke of the two
8712	natures.
8713	Now Theodoret 1 had opposed the words and teaching of
8714	our holy father Cyril.
8715	13. And when the N estorians had grown
8716	strong through the help of the new 1\{arcian, i. e. Justinian, John
8717	of the city of Antioch (?) 2 helped our holy father Cyril.
8718	14. And
8719	the emperor Justinian believed in the Chalcedonian creed which
8720	says Christ had two natures in one person-while they preach
8721	Him, as they say, according to Theodoret the Nes to rian , who
8722	contended against John of the city of Antioch 3 in the Council of
8723	Chalcedon. 15. And Astura,ljus the prefect wrote a letter establish-
8724	ing the one nature of Christ, the Word who became incarnate
8725	through union with the flesh, and submitted to the passion, and
8726	wrought true miracles: 16. And (showing) that the holy Virgin
8727	J\1ary bare God, Him who was crucified, one of the Holy Trinity,
8728	the Lord of glory. And this is the pure faith and the holy
8729	orthodox teaching.
8730	17. And they wrongfully put to death the
8731	holy Dioscorus, the patriarch of Alexandria.
8732	18. And Justinian
8733	believed in the Chalcedonian creed, and accepted the letter of Leo
8734	which declared that Christ had two natures, distinct in all His
8735	1 Bishop of Cyrrhus.
8736	2 Zotenberg does not attempt to translate verses 12-17, on the ground that the
8737	text is too corrupt to admit of translation.
8738	I render the text as it stands,
8739	saving for one or two changes.
8740	3 Text reads Akil.ws.
p. 164
8741	I
8742	I
8743	I
8744	XCIII. 7
8745	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8746	147
8747	actions, as the two N estorian bishops, i. e. Theodoret, bishop of
8748	Cyrrhus, and Theodore, bishop of Mopsuestia taught.
8749	19. And after the visitations which Goel had made to faH on the
8750	country, Justinian made peace with the Persians and conquered
8751	the Vandals;
8752	20. And these great victories have been carefully
8753	recorded by Agathias, one of the renowned scholars 1 of the city of
8754	Constantinople, and likewise by a learned man named Procopius
8755	the patrician.
8756	He was a· man of intelligence and a prefect,
8757	\ whose work is well known.
8758	21. It was he (Justinian) that took all
8759	the imperial edicts of his predecessors, and duly arranged and
8760	re-edited them, and set them in the place of judgement, which went
8761	back to the ancient Romans, and they had left them as a memorial
8762	to those that came after.
8763	CHAPTER XCIII.
8764	1. There was a man named Romulus who had
8765	founded the great city of Rome j and likewise another who came
8766	after him named N l1ma, who adorned the city of Rome with
8767	institutions and laws, and subsequently established three orders
8768	in the empire.
8769	2. And so also subsequently did the great Caesar
8770	and Augustus also after him.
8771	And it was through these that the
8772	virtues of the Romans were shown forth, and these institutions are
8773	maintained among them until this day.
8774	3. And subsequently
8775	came the empress Theodora, the consort of the emperor Justinian,
8776	who put an end to the prostitution of women, and gave orders for
8777	their expulsion from every place.2
8778	4. And there was a Samaritan brigand chief who assembled all
8779	the Samaritans, and raised a great war, and assumed the royal
8780	crown in the city of Nablus, and said: (I am king.'
8781	5. And he
8782	seduced many of his people by his lying statement when he
8783	declared:' God hath sent me to re-establish the Samaritan kingdom' j
8784	just as (Je)roboam the son of Nebat who, reigning after the wise
8785	Solomon the son of David, seduced the people of Israel and made
8786	them serve idols.
8787	6. And whilst he was at N ablus there were three horsemen who
8788	were leading in a race, a Christian, a Jew, and a Samaritan.
8789	And
8790	the Christian conquered in the race, and immediately dismounted
8791	and bowed his head to receive the prize.
8792	7. And he asked saying:
8793	(What is he who was first in the race?' And they replied: (A
8794	- 1 I have here followed Zotenberg in rendering rIDTC7",9V: as = UXOAaUTl/c6r.
8795	2 John Mal. 441 sq.
8796	L2
8797	!
8798	i i
8799	i
8800	,I
8801	I
8802	,
8803	i
p. 165
8804	I1
8805	I
8806	I
8807	148
8808	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8809	XCiII. 8
8810	Christian.'
8811	And thereupon they cut off his head with the sword.
8812	8. And for this reason they named their troops troops of the
8813	Philistines.
8814	And troops from Phoenicia, Canaan, and Arabia, and
8815	many other Christian forces, mustered and made war on that
8816	wretched Samaritan and slew him and his companions and his
8817	officers. 9. And they cut off his head and sent it to Constantinople
8818	to the emperor Justinian, in order to strengthen his empire.
8819	And (the emperor) thereupon distributed alms to the poor and
8820	wretched.
8821	CHAPTER XCIV. 1. And there was discussion as to the body of our
8822	I~orcl Jesus Christ, and much controversy in the city of Constanti-
8823	nople as to its being corruptible or incorruptible.
8824	2. And they
8825	were agitated 1 in the city of Alexandria regarding this controversy
8826	which had arisen between the two factions, the Theodosians and
8827	the Ga'inians.
8828	3. And the emperor Justinian sent to Eutychius
8829	the patriarch of the city of Constantinople at that time and asked
8830	him regarding this matter.
8831	He agreed on doctrinal views with
8832	Severus and Theodosius.
8833	4. Accordingly, he answered and said
8834	unto him: 'The body of our Lord which submitted to suffering on
8835	behalf of our salvation is living, imperishable, incorruptible, and
8836	unchangeable.
8837	We believe that He suffered voluntarily.
8838	And
8839	after the resurrection He was incorruptible and unchangeable in
8840	all aspects and ways.'
8841	5. But the emperor did not accept this
8842	pronouncement.
8843	Now the true solution of this question is to be
8844	found in the letter sent by the holy Cyril to Successus.2
8845	6. But
8846	the emperor inclined to the views of J ulian, a bishop of the Ga'inian
8847	party who had the same doctrine; for they said: 'He was a man
8848	like us, and the holy Scriptures say: re Christ suffered for us in the
8849	body.'"
8850	7. And the emperor Justinian was wroth with the patri,;,
8851	arch Eutychius because he had not sent him a reply such as he
8852	desired, but a pronouncement like that of Severus and Anthimus;
8853	'These (he said) had deceived the inhabitants of Constantinople,
8854	and this (Eutychius) likewise had deceived them.' 8. And there-
8855	upon he sent a letter to Agathon the prefect of Alexandria, with
8856	orders to appoint Apollinaris, count or the J\fonastery of Banton,3 to
8857	he patriarch of the Chalcedonians in the city of Alexandria and the
8858	1 I have here emended ~OLJJ..c:.: = 'turned about., 'went round', into
8859	.e.:rV ro·fl.:
8860	Z Bishop of Diocaesarea hl Isauria about 431.
8861	3 i. e. the Monastery of Ennaton (see Butler, op. cit. 51).
8862	.
p. 166
8863	-----,~::....;. ---.--.:...;.-..... :.-.-.~-.... -
8864	XCIV. IS
8865	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8866	149
8867	other cities of Egypt.
8868	9. But the inhabitants of this city were
8869	strongly attached to the incorruptibility dogma, a.nd fonowed the
8870	teaching of our fathers, written in books, which declares: 'The
8871	holy body of our Lord was incorruptible before the resurrection,
8872	and He submitted to suffering of His own will unto death, but
8873	since the resurrection it has become immortal and impassible.'
8874	Such was the declaration of Gregory the theologian.
8875	10. vVhere-
8876	fore it behoves us, touching the proposition of the incorruptibility~
8877	to set aside the salutary suffering which He endured in the body Ilf
8878	His own free will and power, and accomplished on behalf of our
8879	salvation.
8880	11. And the emperor Justinian deposed and exiled Eutychius the
8881	patriarch of Constantinople, and appointed John of the city of
8882	t Jlidans t,t wh.o promised to give the emperor an autograph letter
8883	signifying his agreement with him in the faith, and likewise to
8884	write a synodalletter.\ 12. But when he received the (patriarchal)
8885	dignity, he set at naught the command of the emperor and refused
8886	to write as he had promised him.
8887	He had indeed been formerly
8888	a layman, and was unacquainted with the Scriptures, and had
8889	no thorough knowledge of the holy faith; but when he became
8890	a priest he st.u.died unintermittingly 2 the holy Scriptures, and
8891	acquainted himself with the pains and troubles which our holy
8892	fathers sl1st.ained on behalf of Christ, and he learnt the orthodox
8893	doctrine, and forsook the perverse doctrine of the emperor. 13. Now
8894	it was this John the patriarch that wrote the Jfystagogia, which
8895	set forth the one nature of Christ, the Word of God, which became
8896	flesh. And its testimony agrees with the testimony of the apostolic
8897	Athanasius who said: (There is one hypostasis, divine and human.'
8898	14. And a man, named Menas, who had previously been patriarch
8899	of Constantinople, wrote to Vigilius, patriarch of the city of Rome,
8900	to the following effect: 'There is only one will and one volition in
8901	our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
8902	And we believe in God in
8903	perfect fear of heart, instructed as we are in the teaching of our
8904	fathers.' And all this discourse was in the hands of John, patriarch
8905	of Constantinople.
8906	15. And so the emperor wished to depose John,
8907	1 According to Evagrius, H. E. iv. 38, John was a native of Scremis, in the
8908	district of Cynegica, belonging to Antioch.
8909	2 There is no need to emend the verb as Zotenberg does, but only to insert
8910	the negation bef~re it and read ;\:1"& CO:
8911	ai
8912	;
8913	I'
8914	a
8915	~r
8916	li
8917	i!
8918	I
8919	I
p. 167
8920	150
8921	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
8922	XCIV. 16
8923	but, being troubled regarding this matter, because of Eutychius
8924	whom he had already driven forth without recourse to canonical
8925	judgement, he feared the outbreak of a tumult. Now while matters
8926	were in this train, the emperor Justinian died in an advanced old
8927	age in the thirty-ninth year of the reign. His consort, the empress
8928	Theodora, had died before him.
8929	16. And the Romans deposed all the bishops.
8930	And subsequently
8931	the Romans abandoned their ancient institutions because of the
8932	heathen 1 who dwelt among them.
8933	Now the heathen concerted
8934	together and put the Romans to the sword at midday and seized
8935	the cities and a multitude of captives.
8936	17. And the Samaritans dwelling in Palestine took up arms and
8937	rebelled.
8938	And the emperor Justinian [before he died] sent against
8939	them a monk of high rank named Photion and a numerous army
8940	under him.
8941	And he fought against them and conquered them, and
8942	put many of t,hem to torture, and others be drove into exile, and he
8943	inspired them with a great fear.
8944	18. And in those days there was a pestilence in all places, and
8945	a great famine.
8946	And when the emperor saw that all the nations
8947	were troubled when he published his edict on the faith in all the
8948	province of Alexandria, and stirred up a severe persecution in
8949	the land of Egypt, his mind was affected through the greatness of
8950	his grief, and he kept traversing the apartments of the palace in
8951	mental bewilderment.
8952	19. And he longed for death but failed to
8953	find it; for God was wroth against him.
8954	And when he betrayed
8955	his madness before all the people they took from him the imperial
8956	crown, and placed it on Tiberius and made him emperor in his
8957	stead.
8958	And our Lord Jesus Christ gave power and strength to the
8959	latter.
8960	Now this Tiberius was a young man, very fair to look
8961	upon, virtuous, generous, and resolute.
8962	20. And when he became
8963	emperor he put a stop to the persecution, and showed (due) honour
8964	to the priests and monks.
8965	And so they accused him of being
8966	a N estorian; but their accusation was false.
8967	On the contrary, he
8968	was a very good man and never failed to show favour to the
8969	orthodox, and to those who believed in the one nature of Christ,
8970	perfect God and man of one essence, the Word that became flesh.
8971	1 The text may refer to the capture of Rome by the Goths and its recovery
8972	by Belisarius (.Tohn Mal. 480), its subsequent capture by the Goths and its
8973	recovery by N arses (op. cit. 483-5).
p. 168
8974	XCV. 3
8975	BISHOP OF NIKIU
8976	151
8977	Let us worship and gi~e praise to Him who gives help and power
8978	to kings.
8979	21. Now this emperor never permitted any persecution
8980	throughout his reign.
8981	And he presented many gifts to all his
8982	subjects, and he bll.ilt many edifices in honour of the martyrs and
8983	houses in which'ihe monks could pursue their reI igious exercises,
8984	and t pulpits t and convents for the virgins.
8985	22. And he presented
8986	many alms to the poor and destitute.
8987	And God caused peace to
8988	prevail. throughout his days as a recompense for his good deeds,
8989	and preserved the imperial city through special mercies.
8990	23. And John patriarch of Constantinople died in his reign at
8991	the close of a very prosperous career.
8992	And the emperor brought
8993	Eutychius back from exile and restored him to his (patriarchal)
8994	throne in the place of John who had died.
8995	24. And Apollinaris
8996	bishop of the Chalcedonians died in Alexandria, and a man, named
8997	John, an ex-military man, was appointed in his stead.
8998	And he had
8999	a goodly presence and f~rced none to forsake his faith.
9000	But he
9001	glorified God in His Church in the midst of all the assembled people,
9002	and they gave thanks to the emperor for the noble acts he had done.
9003	25. And Christ was with him (the emperor), and he conquered
9004	the Persians and the nations by force of arms, and he made peace
9005	with all the nations subject to him.
9006	And he died in peace i~ the
9007	third year of his reign. It was owing to the sins of men that his
9008	days were so few j for they were not worthy of such a Godloving
9009	emperor, and so they lost this gracious and good man.
9010	26. Before
9011	he died he gave orders that his son-in-law, named Germanus,
9012	should be raised to the imperial throne. Now he had formerly been
9013	patrician. But owing to his humility of heart he refused to be
9014	emperor. Thereupon Maurice, who was of the province of Cappadocia,
9015	was made emperor.
9016	CHAPTER XCV. 1. Now Maurice who became emperor in succession
9017	to the Godloving Tiberius was very avaricious. He had previously
9018	been in command in the province of the east, and had subsequently
9019	married tthe daughter of Domentiolust,l named Constantina, and
9020	made her his wife.
9021	2. And straightway he gave orders to the city
9022	of Constantinople that all the cavalry should muster and proceed
9023	with Comrnentiolus ~ to the province of the east.3
9024	3. And he sent
9025	also to Aristomachus in the :province of Egypt.
9026	Now he was a
9027	1 The early part of this chapter is full of errors.
9028	2 Text reads Domentiolus.
9029	S So restored by Zotenberg.
p. 169
9030	I
9031	11
9032	[
9033	152
9034	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
9035	xcv. 4
9036	citizen of Nikiu, a son of the prefect Theodosius.
9037	And lIe was
9038	a proud and powerful man, and his father before he died had
9039	admonished him, saying: 'Be content with what thou hast and do
9040	not desire a different career: but be content with that which befits
9041	thee that thy soul may have peace; for thou hast wealth in
9042	abundance, sufficient for thee.'
9043	4. But when the child grew up he
9044	sought after the (great) things of this world, and arrayed a
9045	numerous force with trustic t arms which attended upon him, and
9046	so forgot the advice of his father.
9047	5. Moreover he built vessels by
9048	means of which he could visit all the cities of Egypt with pleasure
9049	and delight.
9050	And so he became proud and forced 1 an the military
9051	officers to be subject to the emperor; for he had received the
9052	command in the reign of the emperor Tiberius.
9053	6. And by reason
9054	of this command he became more and more presumptuous, and
9055	made all the troops submit to his orders, and led a fearless life.
9056	And he posted cavalry in the city of Nikiu without any au~horization
9057	of the emperor.
9058	7. And all the troops under his command were
9059	without means, and he seized all the houses of those who were
9060	richer than he, and he esteemed them of no account.
9061	And
9062	when men of high or low degree came to him from the emperor, he
9063	let them remain at the door and did not admit them for a long time.
9064	S. And when the emperor rriberius was informed, before he died,
9065	of the actions of Aristomachus, he sent to the city of Alexandria
9066	an officer named Andrew 2 to effect his arrest by wise measures,
9067	avoiding the shedding of blood, and to bring him back alive to him.
9068	9. And the emperor Tiberius likewise sent orders to all the forces
9069	in Egypt to render him assistance in the war against the barbarians.
9070	And when the message of the emperor reached Aristomachus, he
9071	proceeded t.o the city of Alexandria with only a few attendants;
9072	for he was not aware of the treacherous device they had prepared
9073	against him.
9074	10. And when the patriarch and Andrew saw him,
9075	they were delighted, and got ready a light ship on the sea close
9076	at hand to the Church of St. Mark the Evangelist.
9077	Then they
9078	celebrated divine service on the 30th of Mijazja,3 the festival of
9079	St. l\1:ark the Evangelist.
9080	11. And at the close of the divine
9081	service, Andrew went forth accompanied by Aristomachus and
9082	] So by a slight transposition of the text.
9083	2 Cf. Evagrius, H. E. vi. 10.
9084	n Third Abyssinian month, beginning on April 8 according to the Gregorian
9085	Calendar.
9086	1
9087	'-.
9088	I
9089	I
9090	( I
p. 170
9091	!
9092	r
9093	XCV. 18
9094	BISHOP OF NIKIU
9095	153
9096	walked -towards the seashore.
9097	And thereupon Andrew made a
9098	signal to his attendants and to the soldiers to seize Aristomachus
9099	and to cast him into the vesse1.
9100	And immediately they seized him,
9101	and, bearing him on their shoulders, cast him into the vessel,
9102	without his being aware (of the reason), and loosing thence they set
9103	sail to go to the emperor.
9104	12. And when the gracious emperor saw
9105	him, he said: 'This face is not the face of a criminal: let us do
9106	him no injury of any kind.'
9107	And he gave orders for him to be
9108	kept in the city of Byzantium tin he had examine,d into his conduct.
9109	And after a few days, finding no fault in him, he restored him to
9110	his command, and, sent him back to the city of Alexandria.
9111	And
9112	he was beloved by all the people.
9113	13. And he vanquished the
9114	barbarians in the province of Nubia and Africa, who are named
9115	Mauritanians, and others na~ed Marikos. He destroyed them and
9116	laid waste their country, and took their possessions as a booty
9117	and brought them all in Qhains by the river Gihon into the land of
9118	Egypt j for the engagement had taken place on the banks of the
9119	river.
9120	14. Now the chroniclers have recounted the- victory he won.
9121	And there he reflected after this manner: 'Some envious person
9122	will go to the emperor and slander me, but I will forestall him and
9123	send a message to the emperor.' And forthwith he sent the follow~
9124	ing message: 'May I come to have interview with thee?' And
9125	the emperor Maurice replied: (Yes.'
9126	15. And he arose at once
9127	with haste, and went to the emperor, and brought him many gifts.
9128	And the latter accepted all that he presented, and thereupon
9129	appointed him prefect of the imperial city. And the empress
9130	Constantina appointed him controller of all her house and loaded
9131	him with honours, until he was second only in rank to the emperor,
9132	and he became a very great personage in the city of Byzantium.
9133	16. And he constructed aqueducts throughout all the city, for its
9134	inhabitants complained greatly of the want of water.
9135	And he had
9136	a reservoir of bronze made for them by a clever engineer, such as
9137	, had never been made previously.
9138	And so the water flowed into the
9139	reservoir of bronze which had been appointed.
9140	17. And the city
9141	was thus delivered from disquiet through the abundant supply of
9142	water j and when a fire broke out in the city, they went to the
9143	reservoir and extinguished the fire.
9144	18. And all the people loved
9145	and respected him. And he was fond of constructing public works,
9146	and his deeds were noble.
9147	And then there arose against him
p. 171
9148	154
9149	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
9150	xcv. 19
9151	certain envious persons who were foolish and aimed at delivering
9152	him over to death through their devices.
9153	And whilst they were
9154	engaged in such designs a prefect who knew astrology came
9155	forward, and likewise another person named Leon, the logothete,
9156	and, observing a star which had appeared in the heaven, they said
9157	that this star which had appeared portended the assassination of the
9158	emperor.
9159	19. And they went and made this announcement to
9160	the empress Constantina and said unto her: 'Learn what thou
9161	shouldst do and take measures that thou and thy children may
9162	escape destruction; for this star which has appeared is a presage
9163	of a revolt against the emperor.'
9164	20. And they brought many
9165	accusations against Aristomachus, and they bound her by an oath
9166	not to tell the emperor.
9167	And she went at once and told the
9168	emperor.
9169	And he imagined that Aristomachus intended to slay
9170	him and take his wife.
9171	And the emperor became hostile forthwith
9172	to Aristomachus, and he robbed him of every hope, and exposed
9173	him to numerous humiliations, and sent him in exile to the island
9174	of Gaul where he had to remain till he died.
9175	21. Now the emperor Maurice welcomed many false, turbulent
9176	persons, owing to his greed for money.
9177	And he sold all the grain
9178	of Egypt and converted it into gold, and likewise the grain for
9179	Byzantium he sold for goid.
9180	22. And everyone hated him and
9181	said: 'How is it that the city of Constantinople puts up with such
9182	a wicked emperor? And how is it that five sons and two daughters
9183	have been born to one who has wrought such wickedness to the end
9184	of his reign ? '
9185	23. And Hormisdas, named Chosroes, the king of Persia at that
9186	epoch, was the son of the great Cabades. It is said that his father
9187	had been a Christian, and believed in Christ our true God, but that
9188	through fear of the Persians had concealed his true faith.
9189	24. But
9190	in his latter days he had gone into a bath with faithful attendants,
9191	and after he had been exhorted and admonished by a Christian
9192	bishop regarding the faith he was to believe in secret, he renounced
9193	Satan whom he had worshipped and was baptized in a font belong-
9194	ing to the bath in the name of the Holy Trinity.
9195	25. And when
9196	he was baptized he gave orders for the destruction of the font in
9197	which he had been baptized.
9198	Then he took his son Hormisdas and
9199	made him king in his stead.
9200	26. This unhappy man was addicted
9201	to the worship of demons; moreover he compelled the Christians to
p. 172
9202	XCVI. 9
9203	BISHOP OF NIKIU
9204	155
9205	worship fire and the sun.
9206	And the horses also that pastured on
9207	grass were objects of his worship.
9208	CHAPTER XCVI. 1. And there was once a noble woman who was
9209	a N estorian and she was called in the Persian language Golanduch.1
9210	And as she journeyed by sea, she was seized by the Persians and
9211	cast into prison.
9212	2. And they put a chain 2 upon her neck after
9213	the manner of the Assyrians, and when a prisoner died, the (jailers)
9214	showed the king the chain still locked upon his neck. 3. Now while
9215	she was so situated an angel appeared to her and addressed her, and
9216	seized the chain that was upon her neck, and removed it without
9217	unlocking it, and placed it with the jailers in order that they
9218	might suffer no injury at the hands of their judges.
9219	4. And she
9220	heard a mighty voice which said unto her: 'It is for the sake of
9221	the orthodox faith of our Lord Jesus Christ that thou hast been
9222	delivered.' And she arose and fled and she came to the territory of
9223	Rome, and abode in the citX of Hierapolis on the river Euphrates.
9224	5. And she went and recounted to' the metropolitan Domitian an
9225	that had befallen her. Now he was the son ( of the paternal uncle) 3
9226	of the emperor Maurice, and he went and told the emperor regarding
9227	this woman whom we have already mentioned.
9228	6. And he gave
9229	orders that they should conduct her to him, and he prevailed on
9230	her to forsake the N estorian faith and become a believer in the
9231	orthodox Christian faith.
9232	And she believed as he told her.
9233	7. And our Lord Jesus Christ, though long-suffering and
9234	beneficent, did not remain indifferent and unmoved regarding the
9235	persecution which was brought upon His saints by Hormisdas the
9236	king of Persia.
9237	8. And God was roused to anger against him and
9238	his house was destroyed from the top to the bottom, and the king's
9239	son, the new Chosroes,4 arose and slew him.
9240	9. And at the time of the emperor's death there were grave
9241	dissensions amongst the troops, and two parties were formed.
9242	And
9243	when the younger 5 Chosroes saw what had befallen, he took to
9244	flight and reached the Roman territory. And having made himself
9245	known to the Roman officials, he sent ambassadors to the emperor
9246	Maurice with the request that he should be permitted to remain
9247	under the Roman sway, and that he should make war on the
9248	1 Cf. Evagrius, H. E. vi. 20.
9249	2 The word here is purely Amharic.
9250	3 So restored by Zotenberg. See Evagrius, H. E. vi. 16-18.
9251	4 Text restored by Zoten berg.
9252	5 Text has' elder'.
9253	~,
9254	ji":
9255	I
9256	·1,
9257	~ ,
9258	i'
p. 173
9259	III
9260	I
9261	I
9262	I
9263	1 , I
9264	~ I
9265	I
9266	156
9267	rrHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
9268	XCVI. 10
9269	Persians and seize their kingdom, and make it (part of) the Roman
9270	empire.
9271	10. And the emperor Maurice betook himself to John,
9272	patriarch of the city of Constantinople, in order to deliberate with
9273	him.
9274	And this John was an ascetic and eat no (animal?) food
9275	whatever, and drank no wine, but supported himself sufficiently on
9276	the produce of the field and on green vegetables.
9277	11. And there
9278	came together to him all the magistrates and officers in order to
9279	deliberate with him regarding Chosroes, king of Persia, who had
9280	come to them.
9281	12. And John cried aloud to them all and said unto
9282	them: (This man who has murdered his father cannot benefit the
9283	empire. Nay it is Christ, our true God, who will war on our behalf
9284	at all times against all the nations that attack us.
9285	And as for this
9286	man who has not been faithful to his father, how will he be faithful
9287	to the Roman empire.'
9288	13. But the emperor l\1"aurice did not
9289	accept the advice of the patriarch wherewith he advised him, and
9290	likewise his officers, and he wrote forthwith to Domitian, (the son
9291	of) his father's brother, who was bishop of Melitene, and to Narses,
9292	commander of the forces in the east, and commanded him .to take
9293	all the Roman troops and set out and establish Chosroes, king of
9294	Persia, and to annihilate all his adversaries.
9295	14. A~d he gave them
9296	the royal insignia and magnificent garments befitting his rank.
9297	Now t.his Chosl'oes used to go to Golanduch to ask her if he should
9298	become king of Persia or not.
9299	And she said unto him: 'Thou
9300	shalt conquer and shalt certainly become king of the Persians and
9301	the :Magi; but the Roman empire has been given to the emperor
9302	l\faurice. '
9303	15. And Narses did as he had commanded, and he conducted the
9304	accursed Chosroes back to the Persians, and he made war upon them,
9305	and conquered them, and delivered the kingdom of the Magi into
9306	the hand of this wretch.
9307	16. And when he was established on the
9308	throne he proved ungrateful to the Romans, who had been his
9309	benefactors, and devised evil against the Romans.
9310	17. And all the
9311	magicians assembled by night in his house in order to prepare
9312	poison to put in the food of the Roman troops and in the food of
9313	their horses, with a view to destroying them all together with their
9314	commander Narses.
9315	18. But our Lord Jesus Christ inspired the
9316	hearts of the members of the court with pity, and they went and
9317	disclosed the matter to Narses the Roman commander.
9318	When he
9319	was acquainted with this plot he gave orders to all the troops, and
p. 174
9320	)
9321	XCVII. 7
9322	BISHOP OF NIKIU
9323	157
9324	said unto them: 'When they offer you food do not eat it, but give
9325	it to the dogs, and as for the fodder give it to other animals.'
9326	19. And when the dogs had eaten they burst asunder in the midst,
9327	and the cattle died.
9328	And when Narses saw this he was very wroth
9329	against Chosroes, and arose forthwith and marched and brought
9330	back the Roman forces to their rulers (?).
9331	And all the Romans
9332	hated the emperor Maurice because of the calamities which had
9333	befallen in his days.
9334	CHAPTER XCVII. 1. There were three brothers in a city, in the
9335	north of Egypt, named Aikelah, i. e. Zawja.
9336	And the names of
9337	the three brothers were Abaskiron, Menas, and Jacob.
9338	2. Now
9339	this Abasklron was the eldest, and he was a Nasfiha.1
9340	And he had
9341	a son named Isaac. 3. Now John the prefect of the city of
9342	Alexandria had made them governors over many cities in Egypt.
9343	Their own city Aikelah was near the city of Alexandria.
9344	4. And
9345	these four men were in \the enjoyment of great wealth, but not
9346	being able to bear (it) they attacked the Blue Faction, and sacked
9347	the two cities of Bena and Bus!r, without the permission of the
9348	governor of the province.
9349	Now the latter was a good, excellent,
9350	and chaste man.
9351	5. And these four men whom we have already
9352	mentioned, shed much blood, and burnt the city of Buslr and the
9353	public bath. And the governor of the city of Bush fled by night;
9354	for the inhabitants of the city of AikeLlh wished to kill him.
9355	6. And he succeeded in making his escape from them, and pro-
9356	ceeded to the city of Byzantium to the emperor Maurice, shedding
9357	many tears, and he informed him of the death which the fOUl' men
9358	had prepared for him. And a second dispatch came to the emperor
9359	from the governor of the city of Alexandria announcing these
9360	events.
9361	7. And when the emperor Maurice was apprised of these
9362	things, he was very, wroth, and gave orders to John the prefect of
9363	the city of Alexandria to remove them from (their) office.
9364	Now
9365	these men mustered a large force of daring men provided with
9366	horses and swords and weapons of war, and they seized a large
9367	number of ships, in which grain was carried to the city of
9368	Alexandria, and there arose a great famine in the city.
9369	And (its
9370	inhabitants) suffered greatly and sought to kill the prefect John.
9371	But the faithful who loved Christ fought on his behalf because of
9372	his good conduct.
9373	1 An Arabic word meaning' scribe '.
p. 175
9374	jll
9375	158
9376	THE CHRONICLE OP JOHN
9377	XCVII. 8
9378	8. And the inhabitants of the city wrote a let.ter and sent it to
9379	the emperor informing him regarding the troubles of the city.
9380	And the emperor removed the prefeet John, and appointed in his
9381	stead Paul of the city of Alexandria.
9382	And the inhabitants of the
9383	city escorted John as he departed with every mark of honour.
9384	And he went and had an interview with the emperor and informed
9385	him regarding the deeds of violence wrought by the inhabitants of
9386	the city of Aikelah, and he stayed for a short time with the
9387	emperor.
9388	9. And the latter, however, appointed him and gave him
9389	full authority over the city of Aikelah.
9390	And when the inhabitants
9391	of the city of Aikelah heard what had befallen, and likewise of the
9392	return of John to the city of Alexandria, they stirred up disquiet
9393	and strife throughout all the land of Egypt alike on sea and land.
9394	10. And they sent one of their number, the daring Isaac with his
9395	freebooters, and these went down to the sea, and seized a large
9396	number of ships which were on the sea and they broke (?) them up.
9397	And they proceeded to Cyprus and captured much booty.
9398	11. And many people, that is, Tananikun, and Lakurin, and
9399	Elmatridin Elmasr, and the Blue and Green Factions,l and the
9400	enemy of God from Buslr-all these mustered in the city of
9401	Aikelah, and took counsel with Eulogius, Chalcedonian patriarch
9402	in the city of Alexandria, and with Ailas the deacon, and Minas
9403	the assistant, and Ptolemy the commander of the barbarians, but
9404	the inhabitants of the city of Aikelah were not aware of this pro-
9405	cedure.
9406	12. 'fhey wanted to appoint a prefect in the room of Johnj
9407	for they said: ( This John has no respect of persons, and he hates
9408	injustice and he will (not) treat us as we wish.
9409	13. Now the
9410	inhabitants of Aikelah went on committing transgression after
9411	transgression, and they seized the grain-laden ships, and they got
9412	hold of the imperial taxes and forced the prefect of the city to send
9413	forward the taxes to them.
9414	14. Now John quitted with honour the imperial presence and
9415	came to the city of Alexandria, and the (insurgent) chief of the
9416	city of Aikelah heard of the arrival of John.
9417	And John mustered
9418	the forces of Alexandria, Egypt, and N ubia in order to attack the
9419	inhabitants of the city of Aikelab.
9420	15. And forthwith there came
9421	a general named Theodore, who had been with Aristom~chus. Now
9422	this 'rheodore was a son of the commander Zechariah.
9423	And he
9424	1 The text as Zotenberg suggests = 7TpO.UUOVTH, a corruption of rrpa(J'LvoL..
p. 176
9425	XCVII. 24
9426	BISHOP OF NIKIU
9427	159
9428	sent a secret letter to John, (requesting him) to send him trained
9429	troops who could shoot with the bow (lit. the arrow) and to release
9430	from prison two men, namely (the one), Cosmas the son of Samuel,
9431	and the other Banan the son of Amman.
9432	16. And he commanded
9433	Cosmas to proceed by land route and Banan by sea.
9434	Now this
9435	Z;chariah-a man of illustrious -rank-was the lieutenant 1 of John
9436	in the city of BUslr.
9437	17. And (John) found (on his arrival) that
9438	much devastation had been wrought in the city of Alexandria.
9439	And he had a large number of the daring ones seized and punished,
9440	and he captured a great number of ships, and inspired a great fear
9441	in them (the rebels) on his arrival in the city of Alexandria.
9442	18. And subsequently he had many great works constructed in the
9443	sea at the cost of great exertions.
9444	And he did not return to
9445	the city of Byzantium till he died. 2
9446	19. And when the general Theodore and his men came up they
9447	burned the camp of the rebels, and they all advanced as far as
9448	Alexandria, (even) the (full-grown) men, the youths who shot with
9449	the bow, and some stone-slingers.
9450	20. And he took with him the
9451	~ve men whom he had released from prison, namely, Cosmas, the
9452	son of Samuel, Bfman, the son of Amman, and their companions,
9453	in order to show the Egyptians those whom he had released from
9454	imprisonment. 21. And when they came to the border of the river,
9455	they marshalled the sturdy soldiers in boats and the cavalry on the
9456	land. And the general passed over to the eastern bank of the river
9457	with all his soldiers.
9458	22. But Cosmas and Banon remained on the
9459	western bank of the river with a numerous force.
9460	And they cried
9461	aloud to the conspirators on the eastern bank of the river and said
9462	unto them: (Observe all ye people who have joined with those
9463	rebels: do not war against the general; for the Roman empire is
9464	neither enfeebled nor subdued; but through our compassion
9465	towards you we have borne with you until now.'
9466	23. And there-
9467	upon the people who had assembled along with those rebels broke
9468	off from them and crossed the river and joined the Roman troops.
9469	24. And they began an attack on the inhabitants of AikeJah, and
9470	they vanquished them.
9471	And the latter fled by night and gained a
9472	small city named Abusan, and not being able to remain there they
9473	1 An Arabic word ~li (Zotenberg), which may mean 'lieutenant' or
9474	'vicar '.
9475	2 This sentence precedes the former in the text. _
9476	l'
9477	l
9478	1,
9479	11 I
9480	t
9481	~ . . f I
9482	i I
9483	!
9484	I
9485	1 ..
p. 177
9486	160
9487	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
9488	XCVII. 25
9489	~
9490	passed on to the great city <of Alexandria).
9491	25. And the Roman
9492	troops pursued them thither and captured the four men, Abaskiron,
9493	M ena.s, J acob, and Isaac, and put the four on a camel, and had
9494	them conducted throughout all the city of Alexandria in the sight
9495	of an men.
9496	26. And next they cast them into prison with their
9497	hands and feet loaded with chains.
9498	27. And after a long interval
9499	Constantine the patrician who had been appointed governor of the
9500	city of Alexandria came and examined the case of the prisoners.
9501	28. And when he became acquainted with the charges against them,
9502	he had three of the brothers executed j but as for Isaac he had
9503	him thrown into chains and transported for life to the island of
9504	Atrolnl.
9505	29. And as for their accomplices, some were condemned
9506	to corporal punishment, others had their goods confiscated.
9507	And
9508	the cities of AikeHth and Abusan were burnt with fire.
9509	And great
9510	fear prevailed over all the land of Egypt; and its inhabitants dwelt
9511	in the enjoyment of tranquillity and peace.
9512	30. And about this time also there arose a rebel named Azarias
9513	in the province of Akhmlm, who mustered a large force of Ethiopic
9514	slaves and brigands and seized the imperial taxes without the
9515	knowledge of the officers of the province.
9516	31. But when the
9517	inhabitants saw the warlike measures of these slaves and barbarians,
9518	they fea.red them; 3Jnd sent a dispatch to the emperor with informa-
9519	tion (on the matter).
9520	32. And the emperor sent a distinguished
9521	commander with a numerous force of Egyptians and N ubians to
9522	attack Azarias.
9523	But before the attack was made, he fell into a
9524	panic and fled, and gained the summit of an arid mountain which
9525	resembled a citade1.
9526	33. And the troops beleaguered that mountain
9527	for a long time until the water and food of the rebels failed.
9528	Thereupon the rebel Azarias died and likewise his followers through
9529	hunger and thirst. Now they had already abandoned their horses.
9530	34. And in the reign of this emperor also, when the governor
9531	and commander in Alexandria was one named Menas, the son of
9532	1\1aln, there appeared (two) creatures in human form, one resembling
9533	a man and the other a woman.
9534	35. And all who travelled by river,
9535	when they stopped near the bank, saw them clearly and wondered
9536	greatly at the spectacle. And Menas likewise saw them and all
9537	the officers and notables of the city.
9538	36. And all who saw them
9539	spah:e to them and said: 'We adjure you in the name of the God
9540	who created you, show yourselves to us again.'
9541	And when they
9542	1
p. 178
9543	XCVIII. 8
9544	BISHOP OF NIKIU
9545	161
9546	" 1
9547	heard the adjuration, they showed their face and hands and breasts.
9548	And all who saw them, said: 'This is the work of demons who
9549	dwell in the waters-. , 37. But others said: 'This river is of two
9550	;
9551	sexes, for there have appeared in it creatures such as have never
9552	~
9553	been seen before.'
9554	Others said: 'This is an evil thing for our
9555	r
9556	country.'
9557	Others said: 'The apparition of these creatures is a
9558	happy omen.'
9559	All these were false, and their statements were
9560	without truth.
9561	CHAPTER XCVIII. 1. And there was likewise in the reign of the
9562	emperor Maurice, a man named Paulinus in the city of Byzantium,
9563	a worshipper of impure demons, who falsely said: 'The emperor
9564	Maurice overlooks these practices.' And God punished this magician
9565	and he lost his reason. 2. And he had a silver bowl which contained
9566	the blood of impure sacrifices to demons.
9567	And he carried this cup
9568	and sold it. to a silversmith.
9569	And after the (silver)smith had
9570	bought this bowl, the abbot of a monastery saw it, and being
9571	greatly pleased with it' bought the bowl and conveyed it to his
9572	monastery.
9573	3. And he placed it full of water away from the altar,
9574	and gave orders to the brethren and said unto them: (Each time ye
9575	take of the holy mysteries drink of the water in the bowl in order
9576	to cool the oblation which is for the body and blood of Christ Ollr
9577	God/ 4. But the great King of Glory, our Lord Jesus Christ,
9578	.,.,
9579	did not approve that the vessels of demons should be mingled with
9580	the vessels of the holy altar of our God which are without blood,
9581	as the apostles say.
9582	And thereupon that water became blood.
9583	5. And when the brethren partook of the holy mysteries, they went
9584	forth from the sanctuary to take of that water for cooling according
9585	to the custom. And when they saw this miracle that had been
9586	wrought in the silver bowl, they together with their Superior were
9587	seized with fear, and fell a-weeping.
9588	And they resorted to se1£-
9589	examination l;mt could find no evil that they had committed.
9590	6. And thereupon they .arose and took the silver bowl, filled as it
9591	was wit,h blood, and brought it to John, patriarch of Constantinople,
9592	and they informed him of all that had befallen.
9593	7. Aud John sent
9594	unto the man who had sold it and said unto him: (Whence have
9595	you obtained this bowl, and from whom have you bought it?'
9596	And the man said: (I bought it from Paulinus.' 8. And there-
9597	upon the patriarch and the priesthood and the faithful of the
9598	Christian Church recognized that the matter was from God.
9599	And
9600	M
9601	I
9602	I
9603	I I
9604	f
9605	I
9606	f
9607	I \
9608	I
9609	i i
9610	i'
p. 179
9611	162
9612	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
9613	XCVIII. 9
9614	(the patriarch) wished to make known the apostasy and the infamy
9615	of the magician Paulinus: and forthwith with godly zeal they
9616	arose and fetched Paulinus to the palace of the emperor Maurice.
9617	9. And the chief officer interrogated him in the presence of all the
9618	magistrates and senators regarding this matter, and he confessed in
9619	the presence of all, saying: (I was accustomed to place in this
9620	bowl the blood of the sacrifices which I offered to demons.' 10. And
9621	they all passed judgement upon him that he should be burnt alive.
9622	And they proclaimed aloud regarding him by the voice of a herald
9623	three distinct proclamations.
9624	TIle first in these terms: (Where-
9625	fore should Paulinus be saved, the enemy of God who to his own.
9626	destruction. prays to A pono ? '
9627	The next as follows: (Thou hast
9628	lusted after a strange sin: and he has laboured much in that which
9629	benefits not his own sou1.'
9630	And the third proclamation: 'Paulinus
9631	has sought of himself his own destruction.
9632	He has become the
9633	enemy of the Holy Trinity, and has not kept faithful to the trne
9634	orthodox faith.'
9635	But those who followed him in his evil practices
9636	sought to save him.
9637	11. And when the patriarch John was apprised of this movement,
9638	he went to the court and put off his priestly robe.
9639	Meanwhile all
9640	the people cried aloud and said: (May the orthodox faith spreacl
9641	and prosper.'
9642	12. And the patriarch said: 'If Pauiinus the
9643	magician is not committed to the flames this very hour, I will
9644	resign my throne and close an the churches. And I will not permit
9645	anyone to partake of the holy mysteries, until Chris~ has punished
9646	those who blaspheme His name.'
9647	13. And the emperor feared that
9648	a tumult might be occasioned thereby.
9649	And so the patriarch did
9650	not return to his palace till he had burnt Paulinus alive.
9651	Now the
9652	emperor used to follow heathen practices; but when the emperor
9653	heard that he was censured (for so doing) he was very deeply
9654	grieved.
9655	CHAPTER XCIX. 1. And at the outset of his reign he had ordained
9656	a law that they should inscribe at the beginning of all their writings
9657	the formula: (In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ our God and
9658	Saviour.'
9659	He wished to profess his· faith in Jesus Christ the
9660	Saviour of all the world.
9661	2. And thereupon Domitian, the son of
9662	the emperor's brother, gave orders that force should be used to
9663	compel the Jews and Samaritans to be baptized and become
9664	Christians.
9665	Bnt these proved false Christians.
9666	And likewise he
9667	I
p. 180
9668	cn.2
9669	BISHOP OF NIKIU
9670	163
9671	forced heretics to be enrolled in the orders of the Church; for he
9672	was a true Chalcedonian.
9673	CHAPTER C. 1. And likewise in the reign of the emperor Maurice
9674	there came a flood in the night on the east of the city of Esna,
9675	which is the capital of Rif, while the inhabitants were asleep, and
9676	it destroyed many houses together with their inhabitants, and it
9677	'carried them off and submerged them in the river.
9678	2. And great
9679	,havoc was wrought in the city and in (its) inhabitants.
9680	And
9681	likewise in the city of Tarsus in Cilicia the same befell; for the
9682	river, named Euphrates, which flows near it, rose at midnight and
9683	.submerged one division of the city, named Antinoaea, and destroyed
9684	many buildings.
9685	3. And a stone tablet was found in the river
9686	with the inscription: 'This river' will destroy many of the
9687	buildings of the city.'
9688	CHAPTER CL 1. And likewise in the reign of this 1\i[aurice, the city
9689	of Antioch was troubled by a great earthquake and laid low.
9690	Now
9691	it had been laid low s~ven times. '2. And many roads (?) in the
9692	east were destroyed, and islands, and an .innumerable multitude of
9693	men through the earthquake.
9694	3. And likewise at that time the
9695	sun was eclipsed at the fifth hour of the day, and the light of the
9696	stars appeared.
9697	And there was a widespread alarm, and men.
9698	thought that the end of the world was at hand.
9699	And all men
9700	wept and implored and prayed Christ our God to have mercy and
9701	compassion upon them.
9702	4. Thereupon the light reappeared and the
9703	sun rose out of the darkness, and those who had come together said:
9704	'This event is one that has taken place at the end of the cycle
9705	of 532 years.'
9706	5. And they set· themselves to calculate, and dis-
9707	'covered, as they said, that it was the end of the twelfth cycle.
9708	But holy and righteous persons said: 'This chastisement has
9709	befallen the earth owing to the heresy of the emperor Maurice.
9710	CHAPTER CII. 1. Now a certain event took place relating to a
9711	magistrate named Eutocius,l who had been deputed to a barbarous
9712	country. Now he possessed a silk embroidered (lit. sewn) garment,
9713	namely, a tunic, and he gave orders to his steward to fetch it to
9714	him.
9715	2. And when he brought it to him, he found that the rats
9716	had eaten and destroyed it. And he was wroth with the steward,
9717	and cast him into a pit which was full of rats, and he closed the
9718	pit's mouth for many days, and (the rats) eat him and he died.
9719	1 So restored by Zotenberg.
9720	M 2,
p. 181
9721	164
9722	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
9723	cn·3
9724	3. And after many days he sought him, and found him dead and
9725	putrid.
9726	And he repented having killed the man for the sake of
9727	a garment.
9728	He practised good works, and gave much money to
9729	the poor, with much weeping addressing his prayers unto our Lady
9730	the holy Virgin l\fary.
9731	4. And likewise he went to "holy places
9732	and visited the saints who abode there, confessing to them his sin,
9733	in order that he might hear the words of consolation.
9734	And these
9735	spoke to him in hostile terms in order to make him abandon the
9736	salvation of his soul. 5. And next he went to the convent of Sinai,
9737	and (there the monks) said unto him: 'There is no forgiveness'-
9738	therein they were deceived-' there is no forgiveness after baptism' ;
9739	and they robbed him of (all) hope.
9740	6. Now they remembered not
9741	the word which was written regarding David j for when he had
9742	slain U riah, (God) afterwards accepted his repentance, and restored
9743	him again to his first state. 7. And the restoration of Manasseh
9744	was brought about through repentance, after he had sacrificed to
9745	demons and slain Isaiah the prophet, and wrought countless evils.
9746	Yea, when he repented, God accepted him.
9747	8. And this unfor-
9748	tunate man, when all hope was cut off,l went up a lofty acclivity
9749	and cast himself down and so died a violent death.
9750	9. And shortly after, the Thracians rebelled and rose up against
9751	the emperor M:lolu'ice, and (their) four commanders set out against
9752	him.
9753	And when Maurice heard this news he began to distribute
9754	money among the inhabitants of Constantinople.
9755	Now they had
9756	been wont to call Maurice a heathen and a magician, and a person
9757	undeserving of the imperial throne.
9758	10. And when the soldiers
9759	heard of these movements they took measures to wrest concessions
9760	from him touching their wage 2 and food, that is, the pay of the
9761	officers and chiefs.
9762	11. But subsequently changing their plans
9763	they cast lots, and the lot fell upon Phocas, and marked him out
9764	as emperor.
9765	Now he was one of the four commanders of Thrace.
9766	12. And the inhabitants of Constantinople were all of one mind,
9767	and cried out saying: 'Let us have a Christian emperor in this
9768	city.' And when Maurice heard that the inhabitants of the city
9769	wished to seize him, he went into the palace, and brought forth all
9770	(his) wealth, and placed it in a ship, and likewise his children and
9771	his wife, <and) they made for Bithynia.
9772	CHAPTER CIII. 1. And MaUl,ice wrought a noble deed during his
9773	1 Reading ODt'~: for ODt'l:
9774	2 An Arabic word.
p. 182
9775	CIU. II
9776	BISHOP OF NIKIU
9777	165
9778	reign, and put a stop to the iniquities that had been practised by
9779	his imperial predecessors.
9780	2. A certain captain of a ship set sail
9781	from Alexandria, having taken on board a considerable cargo of
9782	grain belonging to the emperor.
9783	But the ship was wrecked and
9784	the grain lost in the sea.
9785	And the governor of the province had
9786	him arrested and severely beaten, but no money was found upon
9787	him.
9788	3. But the emperor Maurice gave orders for the captain of
9789	the vessel to be released, and thereupon published a decree, enacting
9790	that the captain of a vessel should not be subjected to punishment
9791	and made to render compensation when his ship was wrecked, but
9792	that the loss should be put down to the imperial revenue.
9793	4. And after the flight of the emperor Maurice all the population
9794	came together to the patriarch, and by general consent they placed
9795	the imperial crown on Phocas in the church of S. John the Baptist.
9796	5. And (Phocas) proceeded to the palace, and got ready his
9797	generals and officers and chariots, and sent them in pursuit of
9798	Maurice.
9799	6. And whilst Maurice was proceeding by ship a strong
9800	wind rose against him and overturned the ship, and so he betook
9801	himself alone with his children to a small island near Chalcedonia.
9802	7. And when the soldiers had learnt where he was, they proceeded
9803	to him according to the commands of Phocas, and put him to death
9804	with his five children in the twenty-second year' of his reign.
9805	8. And they stripped the empress Constantina and her two
9806	daughters and the wife of her son Theodosius of their imperial
9807	robes, and clothed them in servants' appa,rel, and placed them in
9808	a convent for virgins.
9809	9. And when Phocas was firmly established in the empire, he sent
9810	ambassadors to Chosroes, king of Persia; but Chosroes refused to
9811	receive the ambassadors.
9812	Moreover, he was very wroth on account
9813	of the death of Maurice.
9814	10. And certain persons accused t Alexandert,1 who was one of
9815	the rulers-a discreet man and beloved by all the inhabitants of
9816	Constantinople, and they said to Phocas : 'This Alexander is desirous
9817	of slaying thee and becoming emperor in thy stead.'
9818	Now this
9819	t Alexandert had married a daughter of Maurice.2
9820	11. And there-
9821	1 The Ethiopic is corrupt. Alexander occurs in the text, but seems quite
9822	wrong. On the probable events referred to see Chron. Pasch. 380; Bury, Later
9823	Roman Empire, ii. 86-92.
9824	2 Here we have a confused account of Germanus, the father·in-law of Theo-
9825	dosius, son of Maurice (?).
p. 183
9826	,,~
9827	I I
9828	I
9829	I
9830	;
9831	166
9832	THE CHRONICLE O}' JOHN
9833	CIH. 12
9834	..
9835	upon Phocas had t Alexalldert and Kudis (= Elpidius?) and. other
9836	officers thrown into chains and sent to the city of Alexandria to be
9837	imprisoned there.
9838	12. Shortly after, Phocas sent orders to J ustin
9839	the governor of Alexandria to execute t Alexandert and his
9840	companions.
9841	CHAPTER ClV. 1. Owing to the great quantity of blood shed by
9842	Phocas great terror prevailed among all the officers (clergy 7) of the
9843	province of the east.1
9844	2. Now at that epoch no province was
9845	allowed to appoint a patriarch or any other ecclesiastical dignitary
9846	without his (the emperor's) authorization.
9847	3. And the Orientals 2
9848	assembled in the great city of Antioch.
9849	When the troops heard of .
9850	these doings they were all enraged, and set out on horseback
9851	and made preparation for fighting, and they slew many people in
9852	the church (and continued the slaughter) till they had filled all the
9853	edifices with blood.
9854	4. And this frightful massacre extended to
9855	Palestine and Egypt.
9856	CHAPTER CV. 1. And there was a man named Theophilus, of the
9857	city of J\1:erada in Egypt, the governor of five cities in the reign of
9858	Phocas.
9859	And the officers of the city and a large body of men
9860	revolted against him.
9861	(And) they attacked Theophilus and put
9862	him and his followers to the sword.
9863	2. And they took the five
9864	cities by storm, i.e. Kel'teba, San, Basta, Balqa, and Sanhur. And
9865	David and Abunakl, the envoys of the patriarch, informed Phocas
9866	(of these events).
9867	3. And when Phocas heard, he was very wroth
9868	and sent a very malignantly-tempered general, named Bonosus,
9869	from the province of the east. 3
9870	And he was like a fierce hyena.
9871	And he gave him full authority over the officers (?) 4 of the city of
9872	Antioch, that he might do unto them as they had done.
9873	4. And
9874	when he came to Cilicia, he mustered a large body of men and
9875	marched against the officers (?) of the city of Antioch, and reduced
9876	them to submission, and by reason of the greatness of their fear
9877	of him they became like women before him.
9878	5. And he punished
9879	them without mercy.
9880	Some of them he strangled, and others he
9881	1 Text is a transliteration of dVaTOA7]S' (Zotenberg).
9882	2 Not so according to other chroniclers; it was the Jews caused these tumults.
9883	Cf. Cedrenus i. 712.
9884	3 Bonosus is called K6p."lS' 'AVaTOA7]~ in Cedrenus i. 712. According to Cedrenus,
9885	in this passage the leaders of this tumult in Antioch were Jews, who attacked
9886	the Christians.
9887	, This and the following verses are full of confusions.
p. 184
9888	eVIl. 5
9889	BISHOP OF NIKIU
9890	167
9891	burnt, and others he drowned, and others he gave to wild beasts.
9892	And those who belonged to the factions he delivered to the sword.
9893	6. And all with whom he wished to deal mercifully he sent into
9894	perpetual banishment. Upon the monks and convents of the nuns
9895	he perpetrated barbarities.
9896	CHAPTER CVl. 1. And the following incident is an illustration of
9897	the conduct of the insensate Phocas.
9898	2. He sent orders to the
9899	province of Cappadocia that there should be brought to him the
9900	wife of Heraclius the elder, who was the mother of the general
9901	Theodore, and the wife of Heraclius the younger, together with
9902	her daughter :Fabia, a virgin.1
9903	3. And he had them placed in
9904	the house of tTheodoret 2 (and treated) with distinction.
9905	Now
9906	tTheodoret was of the family of the emperor Justinian.
9907	4. And
9908	Phocas sought to dishonour Fabia.
9909	But she, using the stratagems
9910	of a woman, said: 'I am in the menstrual period'; and she
9911	showed him a cloth saturated with blood.
9912	And for this reason he
9913	let her go.
9914	5. By the a~vice of Akrasls and Fibamon, interpreters
9915	of dreams, this statement was made unto him.3
9916	6. And when the
9917	elder Heraclius heard of these matters he thanked Akrasis, and
9918	let off Theodore, and took no action against him or his people.
9919	CHAPTER CVIl. 1. And they came to the city of Constantinople
9920	and informed Phocas of all that had been done.
9921	2. At the same
9922	period came Heraclius, who distributed large sums of money among
9923	the barbarians of Tripolis and Pentapolis, and thereby prevailed on
9924	them to help him in the war.
9925	3. Next he summoned the captain
9926	of his forces, named Bonakis,4 with 3,000 men, and a large number
9927	of barbarians, and dispatched them to Pentapolis to wait for him
9928	there.
9929	4. And he sent likewise Nicetas, the son of Gregory, with
9930	large subsidies to the prefect Leontius, who had been appointed to
9931	the province of Mareotis by Phocas, urging him to send salutations
9932	to Phocas and write to him in these terms: 'My Lord'.
9933	5. Now
9934	Tenkera and Theodore the son of Menas, who had been governor
9935	of Alexandria in the reign of Maurice, had made a secret compact
9936	with Heraclius whereby they promised to give him the empire of
9937	Constantinople, and to slay Phocas, and compel the thousands (0£
9938	troops) in Constantinople to submit to him.
9939	1 See note 4 on previous page.
9940	2 This seems corrupt for Theodora the wife of Justinian, who founded a con-
9941	vent for penitents.
9942	:I In the text this sentence precedes ver. 4-.
9943	4 The text reads Konakis.
p. 185
9944	11
9945	1
9946	]68
9947	rrIlE CHRONICLE OP JOHN
9948	eVIl. 6
9949	6. And this was done without the cognizance of Theodore the
9950	Chalcedonian patriarch of Alexandria, who had been appointed by
9951	Phocas.
9952	7. But John the governor of the city was acquainted
9953	with his plot; for he was prefect of the palace and military cori'i:-
9954	mander in Alexandria.
9955	And Theodore also who was set over the
9956	grain supply (was acquainted with it).
9957	8. These three wrote a
9958	letter to Phocas and informed him of all that had happened.
9959	But
9960	Phocas despised Heraclius.
9961	9. Nevertheless he sent large sums of
9962	money to the tApulontl of the city of Manuf through the
9963	agency of the governor of the city of Constantinople, and he sent
9964	- the latter to Egypt with a large military force; having first bound
9965	him by many an oath to defend his empire with fidelity, and to war
9966	against Heraclius in Egypt; and (he sent also) to Ptolemy the
9967	t Apulont of the city of Athrib, the governor of that city.
9968	10. And next he sent orders to Qusum to leave the city of
9969	Antioch and repair to Alexandria.
9970	Now he had previously sent
9971	Bonosus by sea, with lions and panthers 2 and other wild beasts to
9972	be conducted to the city of Alexandria.
9973	11. Now the emperors
9974	had heretofore destroyed them, but he re-established this custom.
9975	And he sent likewise instruments of torture of many kinds, chains
9976	and bonds, and much money and glorious garments.
9977	12. And Bonakis,3 the chief (captain) of Heraclius, (set out)
9978	and he saw Nicetas in Pentapolis as Heraclius had commanded.
9979	And he indeed had received troops from Leontius, who had been
9980	sent to the province of the Mareotis, and he had proceeded towards
9981	N ubia in Africa (?).
9982	13. Now the prefect Leontius had come to
9983	terms with them.
9984	And when they had met the garrison of the
9985	city of Kabs€m, they entered but did no violence to the garrison.
9986	And they set free all the prisoners that they might join them in
9987	the war.
9988	14. And before they entered, they had prevailed on the
9989	inhabitants of the city to precede them (and) stir up a tumult on
9990	the river, named Pidrakon, that is, the Dragon, which flows close
9991	to the great city of Alexandria on the west.
9992	15. And when they
9993	had entered, they found the tBalalunt,-i the governor of Alexandria,
9994	with a large force of Egyptians arrayed with weapons of war. And
9995	1 This word is variously spelt in our text. I retain this spelling.
9996	2 An Amharic word.
9997	! I have followed Zotenberg in reading Bonakis here. The text has' John '.
9998	• Called Apulon in ver. 9.
p. 186
9999	eVIl. 24
10000	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10001	169
10002	they said to him: 'Hearken to our words and flee from us a~d
10003	preserve thy dignity, and remain neutral till thou se est the side which
10004	is victorious; and no calamity shall befall thee, and subsequently
10005	thou shalt become the Administrator of Egypt j for behold the
10006	days of Phocas are at an end.'
10007	16. But he refused to comply with
10008	this proposal and said: 'We win fight for the emperor unto death.'
10009	And when they engaged they slew this misguided man, and cut off
10010	his head, and suspending it on a lance they carried it into the city.
10011	17. And not only none could withstand them, but many joined
10012	-their ranks. And the prefect of the palace and Theodore who was
10013	set over the corn supply withdrew into the church of S. Theodore
10014	on the east of the city.
10015	And Theodore the Chalcedonian patriarch
10016	withdrew into the church of the holy Athanasius on the sea coast.
10017	18. (And they did so) not only through fear of the soldiers (or' war'),
10018	but also of the inhabitants of the city j for they had kept under
10019	guard Menas the coadjutor, the son of Theodore the vicar,! that is
10020	the Adagshan,2 in order to deliver him up to Bonosus when he
10021	arrived.
10022	19. And when the clergy (?) and the people of the city assembled
10023	they were of one accord in their hatred of Bonosus,3 who had already
10024	sent the wild beasts and the instruments of torture.
10025	20. And they
10026	took the imperial taxes out of the hands of those who guarded
10027	them, and openly rebelled against Phocas, and received Heraclius
10028	with great honour, and took possession of the governor's palace
10029	and established themselves therein.
10030	21. And they suspended the-
10031	head of the ApulOn on the gate for all that went in and out to see.
10032	- And they seized upon all the wealth consisting of gold and silver and
10033	glorious garments which (phocas) had sent to the Apulon. 22. And
10034	he sent for his own troops and soldiers, and he sent likewise to
10035	Pharos, and had the soldiers who were in the fleet arrested and
10036	kept under a close gua,rd.
10037	23. And information was subsequently brought to Bonosus in the
10038	city of Caesarea in Palestine that (the rebels) had captured the city
10039	of -Alexandria and slain the Apulon, and that the inhabitants of
10040	that city hated him and were attached to Heraclins.
10041	24. Now
10042	previously to the arrival of Bonosus in Egypt, Bonakis met with
10043	1 See note on xcvii. 16.
10044	2 A corruption of a Coptic word.
10045	S The text = Phons, which generally = Bonosus.
10046	According to 10-11 it was
10047	the emperor who sent them by means of Bonosus.
p. 187
10048	I:
10049	.~.
10050	170
10051	rrHE CHRONICLE OF- JOHN
10052	eVIl. 25
10053	no reverE=e, but gained the mastery over all the prefects in Egypt.
10054	25. And the Blues confiscated all the property of Aristomachus, the
10055	friend of the emperor, and the property of all the notables in the
10056	city of IVlanuf, and reduced them to such a degree of destitution
10057	that they were unable to pay taxes.
10058	26. And all the people rejoiced because of the revolt against
10059	Phocas. And all the inhabitants of Nakius and the bishop Theodore
10060	and all the cities of Egypt joined the revolt.
10061	But Paul the prefect
10062	of the city of Samnud alone did not join it.
10063	He was one of the
10064	prefects appointed by Phocas, and he was beloved by all the
10065	inhabitants of the city.
10066	27. But the military commander they named Liwna,lds, by this
10067	name (.'?ic), as he was a perverse and foolish man and' a dog's head '.
10068	t And subsequently also Cosmas the son of Samuel, the friend -of
10069	Paul, who was likewise one of their number, but who, bei~g weak,
10070	was borne by two men t I-as for this man indeed whom they had
10071	released from prison, he was high spirited, and likewise those who
10072	were with him,2 and he stilTed up all the officers and made them
10073	submit to him.
10074	28. And Paul was the first to resist and refuse
10075	to join the party of Heraclius, but he vacillated in his plans.
10076	29. Indeed, all the province of Egypt was divided on the ground
10077	of the murder of the Aisaimun.
10078	And Marcian; tlhe prefect of the
10079	city of Athrib (likewise refused); for he was a friend of theirs.
10080	30. And Bonosus proceeded from the house of Ptolemais (?), and
10081	he sent his ships to the city of Athrib.
10082	And Christodora the sister
10083	of AisaJlun practised a system of espionage on those who threw off
10084	their al1egiance to the emperor Phocas, and she refused to hearken
10085	to the message of HeracIius.
10086	31. And all the troops of Egypt and
10087	of the east were expecting succour from the forces that were coming
10088	by land and sea.
10089	Now these were coming in ships by the two
10090	branches of the river, and they were to land as we have before
10091	said.
10092	32. But the forces which came on horseback from the east
10093	were on the look out for Plato and Theodore.
10094	Now these were in
10095	the neighbourhood of the city of Athrib and were alarmed at
10096	their arrival.
10097	33. But before Paul and Cosmas the son of Samuel
10098	had .....
10099	3 the bishop Theodore and Menas, the scribe of the city
10100	1 '1'he text is very confused. I have given so far as possible the general sense.
10101	2 The text needs no emendation here such as Zotenberg suggests.
10102	3 There seems to be a lacuna in the text here.
10103	!
p. 188
10104	eVIl·4 1
10105	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10106	171
10107	of N akius, sent a message to Marcian the prefect and to the lady
10108	Christodora, the sister of Aisailhln, requ~sting them to cast down
10109	the insignia 1 of Phocas and to submit to Heraclius. 34. But these
10110	refused; for they had heard news of Bonosus to the effect that he
10111	had arrived at the city of Blktlran.
10112	And when the party of Plato
10113	heard this news, they sent a dispatch to Bonakls in Alexandria to
10114	this effect: (Hasten hither with thy forces j for Bonosus has arrived
10115	in the city of Farma.' 35. And when Bonalds had reached Nakius,
10116	Bonosus likewise had already arrived at the city of Athrib, where he
10117	found Marcian's troops ready for war. Christodora also, the sister of
10118	Aillus (sic), and the troops of Cosmas the son of Samuel (were
10119	already there) by land. 36. And he marched to the small branch of
10120	the river which proceeds from the main branch, and met with the
10121	prefect Paul and his troops.
10122	37. Then Bonalds came to attack
10123	Bonosus, and they engaged on the east of the city of Manuf.
10124	And in the engagement the forces of Cosmas the son of Samuel
10125	prevailed and drove those of Bonakis into the river, and they took
10126	Bonakis prisoner and slew him.
10127	38. And Leontius the general
10128	and Klidis they put to the sword, and they surrounded 2 a large
10129	body of troops, and took them prisoners and threw them into
10130	chains.
10131	And when Plato and Theodore saw that Bonakis and
10132	his men had been slain, they fled to a convent and concealed
10133	themselves.
10134	39. Then Theodore the bishop of N akius and IVlenas the scribe
10135	took the Gospels and proceeded to meet Bonosus, thinking that he
10136	would have mercy upon them.
10137	And when Bonosus saw 3 Theodore
10138	the bishop, he took him with him to the city of N akius, but he
10139	cast Menas into prison.
10140	40. But Christodora and Marcian, the
10141	prefect of Athrib, informed him that it was the bishop that had
10142	the insignia of Phocas thrown down from the gate of the city.
10143	And when Bonosus saw the insignia of Phocas cast down upon the
10144	ground, he gave orders for the beheading of the bishop.
10145	41. But
10146	as for Menas, he had him severely scourged, and required from him
10147	the payment of 3,000 gold dinars, and then he let him go.
10148	But
10149	owing to the excessive scourging, he was attacked by a fever and
10150	J An Arabic word, as Zotenberg points out.
10151	2 I have emended '}t'.9'G1><:
10152	into 07-t.9'0JJ<: . Zotenberg emends into
10153	liht'-t.9'OJJ<: which is alike unsatisfactory in form and in meaning.
10154	S I have emended the pronominal suffix.
p. 189
10155	172
10156	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
10157	eVIl. 42
10158	died shortly afterwards.
10159	(He was so dealt with) at the instigation
10160	of Cosmas the son of Samuel.
10161	42. And the three chief men of Manuf, Isidore, John, and
10162	J ulian, and those who had concealed themselves in the convent of
10163	Atris, that is, Plato the friend of the emperor and Theodore the
10164	lieutenant, were delivered up to Bonosus by the monks.
10165	43. And
10166	he had them arrested and thrown into chains and conducted to the
10167	city of Nakius, where he gave orders for them to be scourged and
10168	then beheaded in the place where the bishop had been put to death.
10169	44. And he held an inquiry likewise regarding the troops who had
10170	fought under Bonakls.
10171	And such as had been soldiers of Maurice
10172	he sent into exile, but those who had been in the service of Phocas
10173	he called to account and put to death.
10174	45. And the rest of the
10175	troops, seeing these things, fled and betook themselves to the city
10176	of Alexandria.
10177	And all the notables in Egypt mustered round
10178	Nicetas, the general of Heraclius, and assisted him because they
10179	detested Bonosus, and they informed Nicetas of all that he bad
10180	done.
10181	46. And Nicetas got together a numerous army of regulars,
10182	barbarians, citizens of Alexandria, the Green Faction,i sailors,
10183	archers, and a large supply of military stores.
10184	And they prepared
10185	to fight Bonosus in the environs of the city.
10186	47. And Bonosus
10187	thus reflected: 'By wbat means can I get possession of the city
10188	and deal with Nicetas as I did with Bonakis.'
10189	48. And he
10190	sent Paul of the city of Samnud with bis ships into the canal of
10191	Alexandria in order to co-operate with him.
10192	But Paul 2 was not
10193	able to approach the environs of the city; for they hurled stones
10194	at him, and the ships took to flight.
10195	49. And Bonosus likewise
10196	came with bis troops and took up a position at Miphamonis, i. e.
10197	the new Shabra.
10198	Next he marched with all his forces to the city
10199	of Demqaruni, and was purposing to make a breach in the city on
10200	Sunday.
10201	Now these events took place in the seventh year of the
10202	reign of Phocas.
10203	CHAPTER CVIlI.
10204	1. And there was a holy aged man, named
10205	Theophilus the confessor; who lived on the top of a pillar, near the
10206	banks of the river, and he was endowed with the spirit of prophecy.
10207	This old man lived thirty years on the top of the pillar.
10208	2. Now
10209	Nicetas used to visit him frequently.
10210	And Theodore the general
10211	and 1\fenas the coadjutor, and Theodosius, who were agents of
10212	1 So Zotenberg.
10213	2 The text wrongly reads Bonosus here.
10214	-j
10215	I
10216	~
p. 190
10217	eVIlI. 13
10218	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10219	173
10220	Nicetas, informed him of the virtues of this holy man.
10221	3. And
10222	Nicetas went to him and besought him and said: 'Who will be
10223	victor in this war? '-for he feared lest evil should overtake him as
10224	it had done Bonakis.
10225	4. And the holy man said to N icetas :
10226	, Thou shalt conquer Bonosus and overthrow the empire of Phocas,
10227	and Heraclius will become emperor this year.'
10228	5. And Nicetas
10229	was guided by the prophecy of the aged. man of God and said to
10230	the inhabitants of Alexandria: 'Fight no longer from the top 0f
10231	the wall but open the gate of On and meet Bonosus in close
10232	encounter.'
10233	6. And they hearkened to the words of Nicetas and
10234	put the troops in array and placed the catapults and engines for
10235	hurling stones near the gate.
10236	7. And when a captain of Bonosus's
10237	troops advanced, a man smote him before he drew near to the gate,
10238	with a huge 'stone, and crushed in his jaw, and ·he fell from his
10239	horse and died forthwith. And another likewise was crushed. And
10240	when the battle pressed sore upon them they began to flee.
10241	8. And
10242	Nicetas opened the second gate, which was close to the church of
10243	S. Mark the Evangelist, and he issued forth with his barbarian
10244	auxiliaries, and they went in pursuit of the fleeing troops and they
10245	put some of them to the sword.
10246	9. And the inhabitants of
10247	Alexandria smote them with stones and pursued them and struck
10248	them with arrows and wounded them with grievous wounds.
10249	And
10250	some that sought to hide themselves from the violence of the battle
10251	fell into the canal and perished there.
10252	10. And to the north of the
10253	city there were the qasabfars,l that is, a plantation of roses and a
10254	hedge of thorns surrounding the plantation.
10255	And these stopped
10256	the fugitives.
10257	11. And on the south side of the city also the
10258	fugitives were checked by a canal.
10259	And those who were pursued
10260	attacked each other, failing in the stress of danger to recognize
10261	their comrades.
10262	12. Bonosus escaped with a few soldiers and took
10263	refuge in the city of Karilln.
10264	And Marcian the prefect of Athrib
10265	and the general Leontius, and Valens; and many men of dis.
10266	tinguished names, were slain in the battle.
10267	13. And when Nicetas
10268	saw that this victory was his through the prayers of the saints, and
10269	that the strength of the army of Bonosus was broken and that its
10270	numbers had become few, he sent Ptolemy, Eusebius, and other
10271	notables of the party of Heraclius to the river in order to fetch him
10272	·1 As Zotenberg points out, this is the transliteration of two Arabic words, the
10273	.first. of which is tmnslated by the Amharic word that follows.
10274	I
10275	I !
10276	I I
10277	I
10278	, ,
10279	d
p. 191
10280	174
10281	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
10282	CVIU.14
10283	all the wealth they could find, and collect for him many soldiers
10284	from all the cities of Egypt.
10285	14. And the members of the Blue
10286	Paction, great and small, and the officers, protected and helped
10287	Nicetas in the city of Alexandria.
10288	15. And when Paul and his
10289	companions were apprised of these events they remained secretly
10290	on board their ships and intended to desert Bonosus and go over to
10291	Nicetas.
10292	And the affairs of Bonosus grew (daily) worse, while
10293	those of Nicetas daily advanced in strength.
10294	CHAPTER CIX. 1. And after his escape Bonosus stayed a-few days
10295	in Nakins, and likewise his remaining troops.
10296	And he provided
10297	them with ships, and they destroyed many of the inhabitants of
10298	Alexandria.
10299	2. And they proceeded towards Mareotis, and entered
10300	the canal of the Dragon which lies to the west of the city, and
10301	intended to harass the Alexandrians.
10302	But this 'unhappy man
10303	knew not that it is God who is strongest in warring.
10304	3. And
10305	when Nicetas was apprised of this he had the qantara, that is,
10306	the bridge of Dafashir, cut away.
10307	Now it is near the church of
10308	S. 1\11nas of the city of 1\iareotis.
10309	4. And when Bonosus heard of
10310	this event, he was very grieved and purposed to slay Niketas by a
10311	treacherous device j for he said: 'If Nicetas dies, the army will be
10312	dispersed.'
10313	5. And he had a soldier brought to him, and he per-
10314	suaded him to go to Nicetas, boldiy facing death, and he said unto
10315	him: 'Take thee a small sword, and put it in thy bosom, pretending
10316	that I have sent thee unto him, and that thou art to intercede on
10317	my behalf.
10318	And when thou comest near him smite him with this
10319	sword in his heart, that he may die. And if thou art able to escape,
10320	well and good; but if thou diest on behalf of this nation I will
10321	take thy children and condl;lCt them into the imperial palace, and
10322	I will give them money sufficient for all the days of their life.'
10323	6. But one of his suite, named John, having heard this abominable
10324	project, sent and informed Nicetas. And this soldier rose there-
10325	upon, and took an imperial sword, and placed it in his bosom, and
10326	betook himself to Nicetas.
10327	7. And when (the latter) saw him, he
10328	ordered his troops to surround him, and when they had stripped
10329	him, they found the sword in his bosom.
10330	And thereupon they
10331	beheaded him with the sword.
10332	8. And Bonosns proceeded to the city of Dafashir and put many
10333	men to the sword.
10334	And when Nicetas was apprised of this event
10335	he pursued him with all haste.
10336	And when he came up to him,
p. 192
10337	Ca. 18
10338	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10339	175
10340	Bonosus crossed the river and betook himself to the city of Nakius:.
10341	9. And after he crossed the river, Nicetas abandoned the pursuit
10342	and marched to the city (?) of Mareotis, and left considerable forces
10343	there to guard. the route.
10344	And he marched likewise to the city of
10345	the upper 1 Manuf. 10. And when he drew near the city, the party
10346	of Bonosus who were there took to flight, and he captured the city,
10347	and Abrais and his people were taken prisoners, and (the troops of
10348	Nicetas) burnt their houses and likewise the way (?) of the city.
10349	11. And Nicetas directed a combined and powerful attack on the
10350	city of Manuf and. compelled it to open its gates.
10351	Then all the
10352	cities of Egypt sent in their submission to him.
10353	12. Next he
10354	crossed the river in pursuit of Bonosus, (who was) in the city of
10355	Nakius. And when Bonosus was apprised thereof he rose in the
10356	night and quitted the province of Egypt and Letook himself to
10357	Palestine.
10358	13. And be was driven also from this country by the
10359	.
10360	i
10361	.people because of the abominable murders he had perpetrated among
10362	them formerly.
10363	And he went from thence to the city of Byzan-
10364	tium, and there met with Phocas, his friend, the assassin.
10365	14. And all the land of Egypt fell under the power of Niketas,
10366	from the great city of Alexandria to the village of Theophilus the
10367	Stylite, who had predicted the accession of Heraclius to the imperial
10368	throne.
10369	15. And Nicetas, moreover, had Paul of the city of Samnud. and
10370	Cosmas the son of Samuel arrested.
10371	He pardoned them and in-
10372	flicted no punishment upon them, but sent them to Alexandria
10373	to be kept in custody there till the death of Bonosus.
10374	16. And
10375	taking advantage of the war between Bonosus and Nicetas, the
10376	artisan guilds 2 of Egypt arose (and) perpetrated outrages on c the
10377	Blues', and gave themselves shamr.lessly to pillage and murder.
10378	17. And when Nicetas was apprised of these facts he had. them
10379	arrested, and reproved. them, and said unto them: C Do no outrage
10380	henceforth to anyone.'
10381	And he established peace amongst them.
10382	And he named prefects in all the cities and repressed plundering
10383	and violence, and he lightened their taxes for three years.
10384	And
10385	the Egyptians were very much attached to him.
10386	18. And in regard to Rome it is recounted that the kings
10387	of (this) epoch had by means of the barbarians and the nations
10388	1 So Zotenberg, who takes iJaJ.t1.: as the faulty transliteration of an Arabic
10389	word.
10390	2 i. e. 'the Greens'.
p. 193
10391	176
10392	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
10393	CIX. 19
10394	and the Illyrians devastated Christian cities and carried off their
10395	inhabitants captive, and that no city escaped save Thessalonica
10396	only; for its walls were strong, and through the help of God the
10397	nations were unable to get possession of it.
10398	But all the province
10399	was devastated and depopulated.
10400	19. Then the armies of the east l
10401	arose against Rome, and they took the Egyptians prisoners, who
10402	were there, and who had fled from Egypt from fear of Bonosus.
10403	These were Sergius the Apostate and Cosmas who had delivered up
10404	his city.
10405	20. Now these had denied the Christian faith and had
10406	abandoned holy baptism, and had followed in the paths of the
10407	pagans and idolaters.
10408	21. And (the Persians) made themselves masters of the river
10409	Euphrates and of all the cities of Antioch, and they plundered
10410	them and left not a soldier surviving at that epoch.
10411	22. And like-
10412	wise the inhabitants of the district of Tripolis in Africa b~ought
10413	blood-eating barbarians (into the country) out of affection to
10414	Heraclius.
10415	23. For they detested Phocas, and they attacked the
10416	general Mardius and sought to slay him, and likewise two other
10417	generals named Ecclesiarius and Isidore.
10418	24. And when these
10419	barbarians arrived they made war on the province of Africa, and
10420	proceeded to join Heraclius the elder.
10421	And the great prefect of
10422	the district of Tripolis, named Klsil, went to Nicetas with large
10423	supplies in order to help him against Bonosus.
10424	25. And Heraclius the elder sent his son Heraclius the younger
10425	to the city of Byzantium with ships and a large force of barbarians
10426	in order to attack Phocas.
10427	And when he touched at the islands
10428	and the various stations on the sea coast, many people, notably
10429	those of the Green Faction, went on board with him.
10430	26. And
10431	Theodore the Illustrious, together with a large number of wise
10432	senators, deserted Phocas and submitted to Heraclius.
10433	27. And
10434	seeing this the civilians and the soldiers who were with him fol-
10435	lowed his example and submitted to Heraclius and Cappadocian.
10436	And all the people assailed Phocas with angry invectives, and
10437	none stayed them.
10438	And all these matters fell out in the city of
10439	Constantinople.
10440	28. And when Phocas was apprised of these facts,
10441	and had learnt that everybody had made his submission to
10442	Heraclius, he sent the imperial chariots to Bonosus in order that
10443	he might march against" him (Heraclius).
10444	29. And other prefects
10445	1 Zotenberg emends the text and reads' west '.
p. 194
10446	ex. ~
10447	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10448	177
10449	of the emperor got ready the Alexandrian ships in which corn had
10450	been brought from the land of Egypt to Constantinople.
10451	For
10452	Phocas had had these seized because of the revolt of the inhabitants
10453	of Alexandria.
10454	CHAPTER ex.
10455	1. And when at the suggestion of Nicetas, the
10456	patrician, the people accepted Heraclius as their emperor, the people
10457	of Africa lauded Heraclius in these terms: ' The emperor Heraclius
10458	will be like Augustus.' And all the people of Alexandria also and
10459	of the camp 1 spake in the same fashion.
10460	2. And thereupon they
10461	began an engagement on the seashore, and the men of the chariots
10462	slew Bonosus.
10463	And they all with one voice in the Greek langua.ge
10464	cried aloud in praise of Heraclius the younger, the son of Heraclius
10465	the elder, and abused Phocas and Bonosus.
10466	3. And, hearing these
10467	demonstrations, the Green Faction and the inhabitants of the city
10468	of Byzantium, who were on the sea, assembled their ships and
10469	pursued the (Blues.'
10470	Now these latter were disquieted because of
10471	the accusat.ion made against them, and subsequently took refuge in
10472	the church of S. Sophia.
10473	4. And all the officers and senators had
10474	taken up a position near the palace, and they were lying in wait for
10475	Phocas.
10476	But when Phocas and Leontius the chamberlain became
10477	aware that they sought with evil intent to slay them as they had
10478	slain the depraved Bonosns) the two arose and seized all the money
10479	that was in the imperial treasury which had been amassed by
10480	Maurice, and likewise that which had been amassed by (Phocas)
10481	himself from the Roman nobles whom he had put to death, and
10482	whose property he . had confiscated, and likewise the money of
10483	Bonosus, and they cast it into the waves of the sea, and so
10484	thoroughly impoverished the Roman empire.
10485	5. And thereupon
10486	the senators and the officers and soldiers went in and seized Phocas,
10487	and took the imperial crown from his head, and (they seized)
10488	Leontius the chamberlain likewise, and conducted them in chains
10489	to Heraclius to the church of S. Thomas the Apostle, and they
10490	put both of them to death in his presence.
10491	6. And they cut off
10492	the privy parts of Phocas, and tore off his skin right down to
10493	his legs because of the dishonour and shame he had brought on the
10494	wife of (Photius) because she was consecrated to the service of
10495	God, for he had taken her by force and violated her, although she
10496	was of an illustrious family.
10497	7. And next they took the bodies of
10498	1 So manuscripts. Zotenberg emends and renders' au chateau'.
10499	N
p. 195
10500	178
10501	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
10502	ex. 8
10503	Phocas and Leontius and Bonosus and they conveyed them to
10504	the city of Constantinople, and they burnt them with fire, and'
10505	scattered the ashes of their bodies to the winds; for· they were
10506	detested by all men.
10507	8. And thus the vision was accomplished
10508	which Benjamin of the city of Antinoe had received from God,
10509	and the inhabitants of Byzantium did not slight a detail in it.
10510	9. On the contrary, they conducted Heraclius against his will to
10511	the church of S. Thomas the Apostle and placed the imperial crown
10512	on his head.
10513	When he had completed his prayers, he went and
10514	entered into the palace, and all the twiset congratulated him.
10515	10. And after his accession to the imperial throne Heraclius
10516	wrote a letter to Heraclius, his father, to inform him of all that
10517	had happened, and likewise of bis accession to the imperial throne.
10518	11. Now Heraclius, his father, had seized the city of Carthage, the
10519	imperial capital of Africa, and he was much concerned :for his son
10520	who had gone to Byzantium. But when he heard this news, he
10521	rejoiced (thereat).
10522	12. Now great uncertainty prevailed in the
10523	. 1
10524	churches because of the long duration of the war, and everyone
10525	was full of apprehension over the victory which had been won
10526	over Bonalds, and the disquietude which had been occasioned in
10527	regard to his (Heraclius's) son.
10528	13. And subsequently Heraclius fell ill and quitted this world,
10529	whiie he was at his post in his government.
10530	God alone knows
10531	whom He appoints, and unto God be glory for ever.
10532	CHAPTER CXI. 1. Now Theodore was commander-in-chief in
10533	Egypt. And when· the messengers of Theodosius the prefect of
10534	Arcadia informed him regarding the death of John, 1 general of
10535	the local levies, he thereupon turned with all the Egyptian troops
10536	and his auxiliary forces and marched to Lokjon, which is an island.
10537	2. :Moreover he feared lest, owing to the dissensions prevailing
10538	amongst the inhabitants of that district, the Moslem should come
10539	and seize the coast of L6kj6n and dislodge the communities of the
10540	servants of God who were subjects of the Roman emperor.
10541	3. And
10542	his lamentations were more grievous than the 'lamentations of David
10543	over Saul when he said: 'How are the mighty fallen, and the
10544	weapons of war perished I' 2
10545	For not only had John the general of
10546	1 John, Duke of Barca, who had been sent against the Moslem that had
10547	invaded Egypt (so Zotenberg, comparing Nicephorus, Brev. Hist., p. 17). See,
10548	\'
10549	howevc>r, Butler's Arab Conquest of Egypt, p. 222 n.
10550	2 2 Sam. i. 27.
p. 196
10551	~ i
10552	CXI. I3
10553	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10554	179
10555	the forces perished, but likewise John the general, who was of the
10556	city of Maros, had been slain in battle and fifty horsemen with
10557	him.
10558	4. I will acquaint you briefly with what befell the former in-
10559	habitants of Fajum.
10560	5. John and his troops, the warriors whom we have just
10561	mentioned, had been appointed by the Romans to guard the district.
10562	Now these posted other guards near the rock of the city of Lahun
10563	in order 'to keep guard continually, and to give information to the
10564	chief of the forces of the movements of their enemies.
10565	6. And
10566	subsequently they got ready some horsemen and a body of soldiers
10567	and archers, and these marched out to fight the Moslem, purposing
10568	.'
10569	,·.to prevent the advance of the Moslem.
10570	7. And subsequently the
10571	Moslem directed their march to the desert and seized a large
10572	number of sheep and goats from the high grounds without the
10573	cognizance of the Egyptians. 8. And when they reached the city
10574	. . of Bahnasa, all the troops on the banks of the river came (to the
10575	. succour) with J ohn, b~t were unable on that occasion to reach
10576	Fajum.
10577	9. And the general Theodosius, hearing of the arrival of the
10578	Ishmaelites, proceeded from place to place in order to see what was
10579	likely to befall from these enemies.
10580	10. And these Ishmaelites
10581	came and slew without mercy the commander of the troops and aIr
10582	his companions.
10583	And forthwith they compelled the city to open
10584	its gates, and they put to the sword all that surrendered, and they
10585	spared none, whether old men, babe, or woman.
10586	11. And they
10587	proceeded against the general John.
10588	And he 1 took all. the horses:
10589	and they hid themselves in the enclosures and plantations lest
10590	their enemies should discover them.
10591	Then they arose by night and
10592	marched to the great river of Egypt, to AbCdt,in order to secure
10593	their safety.
10594	Now this matter was from God.
10595	12. And the chief of the faction who was with Jeremiah
10596	informed the Moslem troops of the Roman soldiers who were hidden.
10597	And so these took them prisoners and put them to death.
10598	13. And
10599	tidings of these events were brought to the general Theodosius, and
10600	to Anastasius, who were then twelve miles distant from Nakius.
10601	And they betook themselves immediately to the citadel of Babylon,
10602	and they remained there, sending the general Leontius to the city
10603	1 So manuscripts.
10604	N2
p. 197
10605	180
10606	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
10607	exI. 14.
10608	of Ahuit.
10609	14. Now he was obese in person, quite without energy
10610	and un acquainted with warlike affairs.
10611	And when he arrived he
10612	found the Egyptian troops and Theodore fighting with the Moslem
10613	and making sorties every day from the city of Fajum in order to
10614	(re)take the city'!
10615	And taking half the troops he returned to
10616	Baby Ion in order to acquaint the governors (with the state of
10617	affairs), and the other half of the troops remained with Theodore.
10618	15. And Theodore sought with great diligence for the body of
10619	John, who had been drowned in the river.
10620	And with much
10621	lamentation he had the body drawn forth in a net, and placed in
10622	a bier and sent to the governors, who also (in turn) sent it to
10623	Heraclius.
10624	16. And such (of the Romans) as were in Egypt sought refuge
10625	in the citadel of Babylon. And they were also awaiting the arrival
10626	of the general Theodore in order to join with him in attacking the
10627	lshmaelites before the rise of the river and the time of sowing,
10628	w hen they could not make war lest their sowings should be destroyed
10629	(and) they should die of famine together with their children and
10630	eattle.
10631	CHAPTER CXIl.
10632	1. Moreover, there prevailed great indignation
10633	between Theodore the general and the governors owing to the·
10634	charges brought by the emperor.
10635	2. And both 2 Theodosius and
10636	Anastasius went forth to the city of On, on horseback, together
10637	with a large body of foot soldiers, in order to attack (Amr the son
10638	(1f AI-As.3
10639	Now the Moslem had not as yet come to know the
10640	city of Misr.4
10641	3. And paying no attention to the fortified cities
10642	they came to a place named Tendunias,5 and embarked on the river.
10643	4. And (AmI' showed great vigilance and strenuous thought in his
10644	attempts to capture the city of Misr. But he was troubled because
10645	of his separation from (a part of) the Moslem troops, who being.
10646	divided into two corps on the east of the river were marching
10647	towards a city named rAin Shams, i. e. On, which was situated on
10648	high ground.
10649	5. And (Amr the son of AI-As sent a letter toOmar
10650	the son of AI-Khattab in the province of Palestine to this effect:
10651	1 i. e. Bahnasa (?).
10652	2 I have emended }tl\"aP': (= 'all ') into bfbU'aP': == 'both '.
10653	S On 'Amr's parentnge see Gibbon, v. 444 (ed. Bury).
10654	4 This was the fortress, otherwise called Babylon.
10655	[j Identified by Butler (Arab Conquest of Egypt, p. 217 n.) with Umm Dunain.
p. 198
10656	CXIlI. 3
10657	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10658	181
10659	( If thou dost not send :Moslem reinforcements, I shall not be able
10660	to take Misr.'
10661	6. And he sent him 4,000 Moslem warriors.
10662	And
10663	their general's name was Walwarja.
10664	He was of barbarian descent.
10665	7. And he divided his troops into three corps.
10666	One corps he placed
10667	near Tendunias, the second to the north of Babylon in Egypt j
10668	and he made his preparations with the third corps near the city
10669	of 6n. 8. And he gave the following orders: 'Be on the watcll,
10670	so that when the Roman troops come out to attack us, you may
10671	rise -up in their rear, whilst we shall be on their front, and so having
10672	. got them between us, we shall put them to the sword.'
10673	9. And
10674	thus when the Roman troops, unaware (0£ this design), set out
10675	from the fortress to attack the Moslem, these Moslem thereupon
10676	fell upon their rear, as they had arranged, and a fierce engagement
10677	ensued.
10678	And when the Moslem came in great numbers against
10679	them, the Roman troops fled and betook themselves to the ships.
10680	10. And the Moslem army took possession of the city of Tendunias j
10681	for its garrison had been destroyed, and there survived only 300
10682	soldiers.
10683	And these fled and withdrew into the fortress and closed
10684	the gates. But when they saw the great slaugbter that had taken
10685	place, they were seized with panic and fled by ship to N akius in
10686	great grief and sorrow.
10687	11. And when Domentianus of the city of
10688	Fajum 11eard of these events, l1e set .out by night ,~vithout informing
10689	the inhabitants of (A)buit that he was fleeing to escape the Moslem,
10690	and they proceeded to Nakius by ship.
10691	12. And when the Moslem
10692	learnt that Domentianus had fled, they marched joyously and seized
10693	the city of Fajum and (A) butt, and they shed much blood there.
10694	CHAPTER eXIII. 1. And after the capture of Fajum with all its
10695	territory by the Moslem, (Amr sent Abakiri 1 of the city of Dalas
10696	requestJing him to bring the ships of Rif in order to transport to
10697	the east bank of the river the Ishmaelites who were upon the west.
10698	2. And he mustered all hi.s troops about him in order to carry on a
10699	vigorous warfare~ And he sent orders to the prefect George to
10700	construct for him a bridge on the river of the city Qaljub with
10701	a view to the capture of all the cities of ]\:fisr, and likewise of
10702	Athrib and Kuerdis·.
10703	And people began to help the :M~oslem.
10704	3. And -(the Moslem) captured the cities of Athrib and Mamlf,
10705	and an their territories.
10706	And he had moreover a great bridge
10707	1 Butler (Arab Conquest of Egypt, p. 235 n.) has shown that Abakiri is the same
10708	as Apa Cyrus, pagarch of Heracleopolis Magna.
p. 199
10709	182
10710	THE CHRONICLE OF JOFIN
10711	CXIII.4-
10712	constructed over the river near Babylon in Egypt to prevent the
10713	passage of ships to Nakius, Alexandria, and upper Egypt, and to
10714	make it possible for horses to cross from the western to the
10715	eastern bank of the river.
10716	And so they effected the submission of
10717	all the province of Misr.
10718	4. But CAm I' was not satisfied with what
10719	he had already done, and so he had the Roman magistrates arrested,
10720	and their hands and feet confined in iron and wooden bonds.
10721	And
10722	he forcibly despoiled (them) of much of (their) possession, and he
10723	doubled the taxes on the peasants and forced them to carry foddel'
10724	for their horses, and he perpetrated innumerable acts of violence.
10725	5. And such of the governors as were in the city of N akius fled and
10726	betook themselves to the city of Alexandria, leaving Domentianus
10727	with a few troops to guard the city.
10728	And they sent orders also to
10729	Dares the chief officer in the city of Samnud to guard the two
10730	rivers.
10731	6. Then a panic fell on all the cities of Egypt, and all
10732	their inhabitants took to flight, and made their way to Alexandria,
10733	abandoning all their possessions and wealth and cattle.
10734	CHAPTER CXIV. 1. And when those Moslem, accompanied by the
10735	Egyptians who had apostatized from the Christian faith and
10736	embraced the faith of the beast, had come up, the Moslem took
10737	as a booty an the possessions of the Christians who had fled, and
10738	they designated the servants of Christ enemies of God.
10739	2. And
10740	r AmI' left a large body of his men tint 1 the citadel of Babylon in
10741	:Egypt, and marched in person towards the two rivers in the
10742	direction of the east against the general Theodore.
10743	3. But the
10744	latter dispatched J eq bari and Satfarl to seize the city of Samnud
10745	(and) fight with the Moslem.
10746	And when they came to the body of
10747	local levies,2 they all refused to war against the Moslem. And they
10748	indeed gave battle and put to the sword many of the Moslem (and
10749	of those) who were with them.
10750	4. And the Moslem were not able
10751	to inflict any injury on the cities which lay on the two rivers;
10752	because the water served as a rampart, and the horses could not
10753	enter them because of the deep water which surrounded them.
10754	5. And so leaving them they marched towards the province of Rif
10755	and arrived at the city of Bush. And they fortified this city and
10756	likewise the approaches which they had previously seized.
10757	I See Butler, p. 268 n.
10758	2 The Ethiopic word here bears sometimes, as in this passage, the meaning
10759	militia, tu~·ba mildaris, as in Dillmann's Lex.
10760	'I
10761	·"'·"1
p. 200
10762	i
10763	I
10764	cxv.6
10765	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10766	183
10767	6. Arid in those days the general Theodore went to Kaladji, and
10768	besought him saying: 'Come back to us, come back to the side of
10769	Rome.'· And Kalftdji, fearing lest they should put to death his
10770	mother and wife, (who) were concealed in Alexandria, gave Theodore
10771	a great sum of money.
10772	7. And the general Theodore prevailed on
10773	Kaladji, and the latter arose in the night, while the Moslem were
10774	asleep, and marching on foot with his men he came to the general
10775	Theodore.
10776	8. And thence he proceeded to the city of N akius and
10777	formed a junction with Domentianus in order to war against the
10778	Moslem .
10779	. 9. And subsequently Sabendis devised an excellent plan and so
10780	escaped out of the hands of the Moslem by night.
10781	And he betook
10782	himself to Damietta to the prefect John.
10783	10. And he indeed sent
10784	him to Alexandria with a letter ... confessing his fault to the
10785	governors with many tears in these words: 'I have done this deed
10786	because of the blow and the ignominy which John inflicted upon
10787	me without showing any consideration for (my) old age.
10788	For this
10789	reason I joined the Moslem.
10790	Heretofore I was a zealous servant of
10791	the Romans.'
10792	CHAPTER CXV.
10793	1. And (Amr the chief of the Moslem spent
10794	twelve months 1 in warring against the Christians of Northern
10795	Egypt, but failed nevertheless in reducing their cities.
10796	2. And in
10797	the fifteenth year of the cycle, during the summer, he marched
10798	on the cities of Saka and Tuku-Damsis,2 being impatient to subdue
10799	the Egyptians before the rise of the river.
10800	But he was unable to
10801	do them any hurt.
10802	3. And in the city of Damietta they also
10803	refused to admit him, and he sought to burn their crops.
10804	4. And
10805	he began to march back to the troops that were in the fortress
10806	of Babylon in Egypt. And he gave them all the tbooty which he
10807	had taken from the city of Alexandria.
10808	5. And he destroyed the
10809	houses of the Alexandrians who had fled t, and he took their wood
10810	and iron and gave orders for the construction of a road from the
10811	fortress of Ba.bylon to the city of the two rivers, in order that they
10812	might burn that city with fire.
10813	6. And the inhabitants of that
10814	city on hearing of this project took to flight with their possessions,
10815	1 So emended by Butler (p. 293 n.).
10816	Text = 'years '.
10817	, So restored by Zotenberg. See Butler (p. 297, n. 2), who takes this word to
10818	be a compression of two distinct words, Tiikh (Mazid) and (Mit) Damsis, which
10819	lies about nine miles due east of Tiikh Mazid in the Delta.
p. 201
10820	184
10821	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
10822	CXV. 7
10823	and abandoned their city, and the Moslem burned that city with
10824	fire.
10825	But the inhabitants of that city came by night and ex-
10826	tinguished the fire.
10827	7. And the Moslem marched against other
10828	cities to war against them, and they despoiled the Egyptians of
10829	their possessions and dealt cruelly with them.
10830	8. But the generals·
10831	rrheodore and Domentianus were unable to do any injury to the
10832	inhabitants of the city on account of the Moslem who were amongst
10833	them.
10834	9. And tAmr left lower 1 Egypt and proceeded to war against
10835	RI£.
10836	He sent a few J\foslem against the city of Antinoe.
10837	And
10838	when the :Moslem saw the weakness of the Romans and the hostility
10839	of the people to the emperor Heraclius, because of the persecution
10840	wherewith he had visited all the land of Egypt in regard to the
10841	orthodox faith, at the instigation of Cyrus the Chalcedonian
10842	patriarch, they became lwlder and stronger in the war.
10843	10. And
10844	the inhabitants of the city (Antinoe) sought to concert measures
10845	with J o11n their prefect with a view to attacking the Moslem; but
10846	he refused, and arose with haste with his troops) and, having
10847	collected an the imposts of the city, betook himself to Alexandria;
10848	for he knew that he could not resist the Moslem, and (he feared)
10849	lest he should meet with the same fate as the garrison of Fajum.
10850	11. Indeed) all the inhabitants of the province submitted to the
10851	:Moslem, and paid them tribute.
10852	And they put to the sword all
10853	the Roman soldiers whom they encountered.
10854	And the Roman
10855	soldiers were in a fortress, and the Moslem besieged them, and
10856	captured their catapults, and demolished their towers, and dislodged
10857	them from the fortress.
10858	12. And they strengthened the fortress of
10859	Babylon, and they capturEd the city of Nakius and made them-
10860	sel ves strong there.
10861	CHAPTER CXVI. 1. And Heraclius was grieved by the death of
10862	John the chief of the local levies, and of John the general who had
10863	been slain by the Moslem, as well as by the defeat of the Romans
10864	that were in the province of Egypt.
10865	2. And ill accordance with
10866	the decree of God who takes away the souls of rulers,2 and of IDen
10867	or war as well as of kings, Heraclius fell ill with fever, and died
10868	in the thirty-first year of his reign in the month Yakatit 3 of the
10869	1 The text is a transliteration of an Ar.abic word (Zotenberg).
10870	2 'The souls of rulers ,-so the manuscripts.
10871	3 Sixth Abyssinian month, beginning on Feb. 7 according to the Gregorian
10872	Calendar.
10873	1
10874	I
10875	i
p. 202
10876	I I
10877	I
10878	;1
10879	I'
10880	CXVI.8
10881	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10882	185
10883	Egyptians, that is, February of the Roman months, in the four-
10884	teenth year of the lunar cycle, the 357th year of Diocletian. 3. And
10885	some said ,: 'The death of Heraclius is due to his stamping the gold
10886	coinage with the figures of the three emperors-that is, his own
10887	and of his two sons on the right hand and on the left-and so no
10888	room was found for inscribing the name of the Roman empire.' And
10889	after the death of Heraclius they obliterated those three figures.
10890	4. And when Heraclius the elder died, Pyrrhus,l the patriarch of
10891	Constantinople, passed over Martina( the daughter of) his (i. e.
10892	Heraclius's) sister and her children, and nominated Constantine the
10893	son of the empress Eudocia, and made him head of the empire in
10894	succession to his father.
10895	And the two princes were treated with
10896	honour and distinction. 5. And David and Marinus seized Pyrrhus,
10897	the Roman Chalcedonian pat,riarch, and banished him to an island
10898	- in the west of Africa, without anyone being cognizant of what
10899	had been fulfilled; for no word of the saints falls (to the ground).
10900	6. Now it happened that the great Severus, patriarch of Antioch,
10901	wrote to Caesaria the patrician to the following effect: 'No son of
10902	a Roma,n emperor will sit' on the throne of his father, so long as
10903	the sect of the Chalcedonians bears sway in the world.'
10904	7. And Constantine, the son of Heraclius, on his accession to
10905	the empire mustered a large number of ships, and entrusted them
10906	to Kirjus and Salakrius, and sent them to bring the patriarch
10907	Cyrus to him that he might take counsel with him as to the
10908	Moslem, that he should fight, if he were able, but, if not,
10909	should pay tribute; g and that he should meet him in the imperial
10910	city on the festival of the holy Resurrection, and to cause all the
10911	inhabitants of Constantinople to assemble to carry out the same
10912	object.
10913	8. And next he sent orders to Theodore 3 to come to h~m
10914	.'
10915	and leave Anastasius 3 to guard the city of Alexandria and the
10916	1 Ethiopic gives h.Cll: owing to a faulty transeription of the Arabic.
10917	2 The words
10918	I should pay tribute' occur in the text before 'as to the
10919	Moslem '.
10920	The Ethiopic is ungrammatical and unintelligible.
10921	I restore the
10922	text as follows: «\hll'l!fD: w.eh-l: helD: .eb~: -tfl.o1i1=: WhelD: A..eb~:
10923	~U.fl: Kllih't:
10924	As it stands the text runs: w~u.o: Kllit}"t: «\lill'l!fD:
10925	W«\helD: "1: .eb~: 'tfl.fl1i1=: wC1'l.elD: A..ebt\:
10926	8 The text reads 'Anastasius ..• Theodore', but I 11ave in concurrence
10927	with Butler's suggestion Cop, cit. 303 n.) transposed them. He point::! out that
10928	Anastasius was actually governor of Alexandria prior to the return of Cyrus
10929	(see p. 573), and that Theodore was with Cyrus at Rhodes on his way back to
10930	Egypt (see cxx. 6 sq.).
p. 203
10931	186
10932	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
10933	CXVI. 9
10934	cities on the coast.
10935	And he held out hopeb to Theodore that he
10936	would send him a large force in the autumn in order to war with
10937	the Moslem.
10938	9. And when in conformity to the command of the
10939	emperor they had prepared the ships for setting out, the emperor
10940	Constantine forthwith fell ill,! and was attacked by a severe
10941	malady, and he vomited blood, and when the blood was exhausted
10942	he forthwith died.
10943	And this malady lasted a hundred days,
10944	that is, all the days of his reign wherein he reigned after his
10945	father Heraclius.
10946	And people mocked at Heraclius and his son
10947	Constantine.
10948	10. And the members of the party of Ga'inas assembled in the
10949	church in the city of Dafashir near the bridge of the Apostle
10950	S. Peter.
10951	Now Cyrus the patriarch had robbed the church of
10952	large possessions in the time of the persecution, without any
10953	authorization on the part of the magist,rates.
10954	11. And when the
10955	Gai'nites sought to lay hands on the patriarch Cyrus, Eudocianus,
10956	the brother of the prefect Domentianus, being immediately apprised
10957	(of their purpose), sent troops against them to shoot them with
10958	arrows and prevent them from carrying out their intention.
10959	Some
10960	of them were so severely smitten that they died, while two had
10961	their hands cut off without legal sentence.
10962	12. And proclamation
10963	was made throughout the city by the voice of a herald in these
10964	terms: C Let everyone of you withdraw to his own church, and
10965	let no one do any violence to his neighbour in defiance of the law.'
10966	13. But God, the Guardian of justice, did not neglect the world,
10967	but avenged those who had been wronged: He had no mercy on
10968	such as 2 had dealt treacherously against Him, but He delivered
10969	them into the hands of the Ishmaelites.
10970	14. And the Moslem
10971	thereupon took the field and conquered all the land of Egypt. And
10972	after the death of Heraclius, the patriarch Cyrus on his return did
10973	not cease (his) severities and persecution against the people of God,
10974	but rather added violence to violence.
10975	CH.APTER CXVII.
10976	1. And CAmr the chief of the Moslem forces
10977	encamped before the citadel of Babylon and besieged the troops
10978	that garrisoned it.
10979	2. Now the latter received his promise that
10980	they should not be put to the sword, and on their side undertook
10981	to deliver up to him all the munitions of war-now these were con-
10982	I Text reads Wj?:rp: = 'he fell'. This I have emended into J!W~: = 'fell ill '.
10983	2 Here I omit Oh 11": before H.
p. 204
10984	CXVIII·3
10985	BISHOP OF NIKIU
10986	187
10987	-
10988	siderable.1
10989	3. And thereupon he ordered them to. evacuate the
10990	citadel. And they took a srnan quantity of gold and set out. And
10991	it was in this way that the citadel of Babylon in Egypt was taken
10992	on the second day after the (festival of the) Resurrection.
10993	4. Thus
10994	God punished them because they had not honoured the redemptive
10995	passion of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, who gave His life
10996	for those who believe in Him:. Yea, it was for this reason that God
10997	made them turn their back upon them (i. e. the Moslem).
10998	5. Now
10999	on that day of the festival of the holy Resurrection they released
11000	the orthodox that were in prison j but, enemies of Christ as they
11001	were, they did not let them go without first ill-using them; but
11002	they scourged them and cut off their hands.
11003	6. And on that day
11004	these (unhappy ones) wept and their tears poured down their faces
11005	and they were spurned, even as it is written regarding those
11006	unclean persons: 'They have defiled the Church by an unclean
11007	faith, and they have wrought apostasies and deeds of violence like
11008	the sect of the Arians, such as neither pagan nor barbarian has
11009	wrought, and they have despised Christ and His servants, and we
11010	have not found any that do the like amongst the worshippers of
11011	false idols.
11012	7. But God has been patient with the apostates and
11013	heretics who have undergone baptism a second time in submission
11014	to despotic emperors.
11015	Yet it is the same God who recompenses
11016	every man according to his deeds and does justice to him that has
11017	been wronged.
11018	8. HOVl then, is it not far better for us to endure
11019	patiently the trials and punishments which they inflict upon us?
11020	They indeed think to honour our Lord Christ by so doing, whereas
11021	they are found to be perverted in their faith. They have not indeed
11022	voluntarily apostatized, but they persecute those who agree not with
11023	them in faith.
11024	God forbid (such agreement)! for they are not
11025	servants of Christ: yet they think they are such in their thoughts.'
11026	CHAPTER CXVIII. 1. Now the capture of the citadel of Babylon
11027	and of Nakius by the Moslem was a source of great grief to the
11028	Romans.
11029	2~ And when cAmr had brought to a close the operations
11030	of war he made his entry into the citadel of Babylon, and he
11031	mustered a large number of ships, great and small, and anchored
11032	them close to the fort where he was.
11033	3. And Menas, who was chief of the Green Faction, and Cosmas the
11034	.son of Samuel, the leader of the Blues, besieged the city of Misr and
11035	1 I have emended the ungrammatical iUt1: into 0111:
p. 205
11036	188
11037	THE CHRONICLE or JOHN
11038	CXVIII. 4-
11039	harassed the Romans dnring the days of the Moslem. And fighting
11040	men had gone up with fear-inspiring boldness from the western
11041	bank of the river in ships, and these made expeditions by night.
11042	4. (AmI' and the J\{osIem army, on horseback, proceeded by Jand
11043	till they came to the city of Kebrias of Abadja.
11044	And on this
11045	occasion he attacked the general Domentianus.
11046	5. But when 'the
11047	latter learnt of the approach or the Moslem troops, he embarked
11048	on a ship and fled [in a ship] and abandoned the army and their
11049	fleet.
11050	And he sought to enter the small canal which Herac1ius
11051	had dug during his reign.
11052	Bnt finding it closed he returned and
11053	entered the city of Alexandria.
11054	6. Now when the soldiers saw
11055	that their commander had taken flight, they cast away their arms
11056	and threw themselves into the river in the presence of their enemies.
11057	7. And the :Moslem troops slaughtered them with the sword in the
11058	river, and none escaped save one man only, named Zechariah,
11059	a doughty man and a warrior.
11060	8. And when the crews of the ships
11061	saw the flight of the troops, they too took to flight and returned
11062	to their own country. And thereupon the Moslem made their entry
11063	into N akius, and took possession, and finding no soldiers (to offer
11064	resistance), they proceeded to put to the sword all whom they
11065	found in the streets and in the churches, men, women, and infants,
11066	and they showed mercy to none.
11067	9. And after they had captured
11068	(this) city, they marched against other localities and sacked them
11069	and put all they found to the sword.
11070	And they came also to the
11071	city of tSat/ and there they found Esqutaws and his people in
11072	a vineyard, and the J\10s1em seized them and put them to the
11073	sword.
11074	Now these were of the family of the general Theodore.
11075	10. Let us now cease, for it is impossible to recount the iniquities
11076	perpetrated by the Moslem after their capture of the island of
11077	Nakius, on Sunday, the eighteenth day of the month Genb<3t,2 in
11078	the fifteenth year of the cycle, and also the horrors committed in
11079	the city of Caesarea in Palestine.
11080	11. And the general Theodore, who was in command of the city,
11081	even the city of Klhlnas, quitted (this) city and proceeded to
11082	Egypt, leaving Stephen with the troops to guard the city and
11083	1 Since Sa = Sais, which being as far north as Damanhur was beyond the
11084	range of the Arabs at this time, Butler Cop. cit. 285 n.) reads ~auna, which is
11085	given in the heading of the chapter.
11086	2 Ninth Abyssinian month, beginning on May 8 according to the Gregorian
11087	Calendar.
p. 206
11088	CXIX·9
11089	BISHOP OF NIKIU
11090	189
11091	contend with the Moslem.
11092	12. And there was a certain Jew with
11093	the Moslem, and he betook himself to the province of Egypt. And
11094	when with great toil and exertion they had cast down the walls
11095	of the city, they forthwith made themselves masters of it, and put
11096	to the sword thousands of its inhabitants and of the soldiers, and
11097	they gained an enormous booty, and took the women and children
11098	captive and divided them amongst themselves, and they made that
11099	city a desolation (lit. destitute). 13. And shortly aftrr the 1vfoslem
11100	proceeded against the country (city?) of tCoprost and put Stephen
11101	and his people to tbe sword.
11102	CHAPTER CXIX. 1. And Egypt also had become enslaved toSatan.
11103	A great strife had broken out between the inhabitants of Lower
11104	Egypt, and these were divided into two parties. Of these, one sided
11105	with Theodore, but the other wished to join the Moslem.
11106	2. And
11107	straightway the one party rose against the other, and they plundered
11108	their possessions and burnt their city.
11109	But the Moslem distrusted
11110	them.
11111	3. And ~Amr sent a large force of Moslem against Alexandria,
11112	and they captured Kari'un, which lies outside the city.
11113	And
11114	Theodore and his troops who were in that locality fled and with-
11115	drew into Alexandria.
11116	4. And the Moslem began to attack them
11117	but were not able to approach the walls of the city j for stones
11118	were hurled against them from the top of the walls, and they were
11119	driven far from the city.
11120	5. And the inhabitants of Misr were at variance with those of
11121	Lower Egypt, and their strife ran high, but after a short time
11122	they made peace.
11123	6. But when their discord came to an end,
11124	Satan stirred up another in the city of Alexandria j for Domentianus
11125	the prefect and Menas the general were at variance with each other
11126	through lust for office and other motives.
11127	7. Now the general
11128	Theodore took. the side of Menas: he was moreover hostile to
11129	DomeD:tianus because of his flight from N akius and his abandon-
11130	ment of the troops.
11131	8. And with Eudocianus, the elder brother of
11132	Domentianus, Mellas was very wroth, because he had practised
11133	cruelties against the Christians during the season of the holy
11134	Passion in regard to the faith.
11135	9. And Domentianus mustered a
11136	large force <;>f the (Blues '.
11137	And when Menas was apprised of this
11138	movement, he too mustered a large force of the (Greens' and of
11139	the troops in the city.
11140	And thus these two kept up their hostility.
p. 207
11141	I
11142	190
11143	rrHE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
11144	CXIX. 10
11145	10. It was subsequently to this that Philiades the prefect of the
11146	province of Arcadia arrived.
11147	Now Domentianus had become the
11148	foe of Cyrus the patriarch, and he showed him ill will, though he
11149	was his brother-in-law, and though previously they had been
11150	mutual friends.
11151	But subsequently he came to hate him without
11152	any good ground.
11153	11. And Menas also who cherished a spiritual
11154	friendship 1 for Philiades and was not neglectful of him but invited
11155	him frequently out of respect for the priesthood; for PhiIiades was
11156	the brother of the patriarch George.
11157	Now (Menas) was merciful
11158	and Godfearing and was grieved on behalf of those that were
11159	oppressed.
11160	But Philiades was not loyal in friendship, but acted
11161	unjustly, (and) cherished in secret evil designs.
11162	12. Now in the
11163	days of the general Theodore, when a discussion was raised regarding
11164	the city named Mamuna, and regarding the pay of the troops and
11165	the lands on which it should be levied, this wicked man straightway
11166	spake and said: 'In place of twelve men, it will be better to have
11167	one; then there will be one man to receive pay instead of 2 twelve,
11168	and so the tax in kind and the pay of the troops will be lessened.'
11169	And in this incident lvlenas found an occasion against Domentianus.
11170	13. And all the troops loved and trusted him: for Menas loved the
11171	esteem of all men-not in order to receive idle praise, but by
11172	reason of his wisdom and modesty.
11173	14. Now while he was present
11174	in the great church of Caesarion with all the people, all the
11175	inhabitants of the city gathered together against Philiades and
11176	sought to put him to death. But he took to flight and hid himself
11177	in a church.
11178	15. And straight way the people proceeded to his
11179	d welling and burnt it, and pillaged all his property, but they
11180	spared such persons as they found in the house, and did not slay
11181	them.
11182	16. And when Domentianus was apprised (of these events)
11183	he sent a body of the' Blues' to attack them.
11184	And a great strife
11185	ensued amongst them, and six men were killed and many wounded.
11186	17. And with great efforts and exertions Theodore established
11187	peace amongst them.
11188	And he deposed the general Domentianus,
11189	and appointed Artana chief of ten orders, who is named a decurion.
11190	And all the property which had been carried off as pillage from
11191	the house of Philiades was returned to him. It has been said that
11192	this strife and tumult originated in religious dissensions.
11193	1 I have transposed t\'J;"PC; ovl~..flce; before t\li>{)~.rll: Cf. text four lines
11194	lower.
11195	2 I have here added U~l"': before Img:
p. 208
11196	CXX.2
11197	BISHOP OF NIKIU
11198	191
11199	18. And after the death of Constantine, the son of Herac1ius,
11200	they brought forward Heraclius, his brother on his father's side,
11201	though but an infant. But his accession to the empire was as
11202	idle as had been that of his brother who died.
11203	19. And the patri-
11204	arch Pyrrhus, seeing that Heraclius, who was still a child, had
11205	become emperor through the intrigues of Martina his mother,
11206	l,
11207	whilst he Pyrrhus was still in exile 1 . . •• 20. And after his
11208	accession to the empire he recalled Pyrrhus from exile by the
11209	advice of the Senate, and abolished the penal decree issued by his
11210	brother Constantine and his imperial predecessors; for they abolished
11211	it because ot the unjust accusation of Philagrius the treasurer.
11212	21. And it was through his agency that the churches were in
11213	tribulation: for he put an end to the gifts which the emperors
11214	were accustomed to make, and he confirmed the heavy charges
11215	(that were upon them).
11216	22. And subsequently he appointed him (Cyrus) a second time
11217	to the city of Alexandria; and the priests who were with him.
11218	He
11219	gave him power and authority to make peace with the Moslem and
11220	check any further resistance against them, and to establish a system
11221	of administration suitahle to the government of the land of Egypt.
11222	And he was accompanied by Constantine, a general of the army,
11223	who was master OI the local levies.
11224	23. And he had the army
11225	from the province of Thrace brought to the city of Constantinople,
11226	and he banished Philagrius the treasurer to the province of Africa
11227	where Pyrrhus had previously been in banishment.
11228	24. And there
11229	were great dissensions, and the inhabitants of the city rose up
11230	against Mattina and her children because of the banishment of
11231	Philagrius the treasurer; for he was greatly beloved.
11232	CHAPTER CXX. 1. Now not only Cyrus the Chalcedonian patriarch
11233	desired peace with the Moslem, but also all the people and the
11234	patricians and Domentianus, who had enjoyed the favour of the
11235	empress Martina-(and so) all these assembled and took counsel with
11236	Cyrus the patriarch with a view to making peace with the Moslem.
11237	'2. And all the clergy began to stir up odium 2 against the empire
11238	of Herac1ius the younger, declaring: 'It is not fitting that one
11239	derived from a reprobate seed should sit on the imperial throne:
11240	rather it is the sons of Constantine, who was the son of Euuocia,
11241	1 There is a lacuna here.
11242	2 Reading .rR-A.h",: instead of .£.R-A.h",:
p. 209
11243	I
11244	I ~
11245	i,
11246	192
11247	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
11248	CXX·3
11249	that should bear sway over the empire.' And they rejected the
11250	will of the elder Heraclius.
11251	3. And when Valentinus was apprised that all men were united
11252	against Martina and her sons, he took large sums of money out
11253	of the treasury of Philagrius, and distributed them amongst the
11254	soldiers and officers, and prevailed on them to act against Martina
11255	and her sons.
11256	4. And some of them gave over warring against the
11257	Moslem, and turned their hostilities against their own countrymen.
11258	5. And thereupon they sent an envoy secretly to the island of
11259	Rhodes with this message to the troops with the patriarch Cyrus:
11260	: Return to the imperial city and do not take sides with him.'
11261	6. AnJ they sent also to Theodore, the prefect of Alexandria, the
11262	follo\ving message: 'Do not hearken to the voice of Martina, and
11263	do not obey her sons.' And they sent likewise to Africa, and to
11264	every province under the sway of Rome.
11265	7. And when Theodore the general heard this news, he was
11266	pleased and kept the matter secret, and set out by night without
11267	the cognizance of any, and purposed proceeding from the island of
11268	Rhodes to Pentapolis, and he told only the captain of the ship.
11269	8. But the captain of the ship alleged (that he could not), saying:
11270	'The wind is contrary to us.' And he entered Alexandria on the
11271	night or the seventeenth day of }:I:askaram,l on the day of the
11272	festival of the Holy Cross.
11273	9. And all the inhabitants of Alex-
11274	andria, men and women, old and young, gathered together to meet the
11275	patriarch Cyrus, rejoicing and giving thanks for the arrival of the
11276	patriarch of Alexandria.
11277	10. And Theodore betook himself secretly
11278	with the patriarch to the Church of the monks of Tabenna and
11279	closed the door.
11280	And he sent for Minas and appointed him general,
11281	and banished Domentianus from the city.
11282	And all the inhabitants
11283	cried out: '(Begone) from the city.'
11284	11. Now before the arrival of Cyrus the patriarch, George had
11285	been highly esteemed by the governor Anastasius; for he had
11286	received the dignity from Heraclius the younger (?), and, when
11287	he was advanced in years, he enjoyed universal authority: even
11288	the patriarch suffered him to enjoy his authority.
11289	12. And when the patriarch Cyrus came to the great church of
11290	Caesarion,they covered all the way (with carpets) and chanted hymns
11291	1 First Abyssinian month, beginning on Sept. 10 according to the Gregorian
11292	Calendar.
p. 210
11293	CXX. 19
11294	BISHOP OF NIKIU
11295	193
11296	in his honour (and the crowds increased) till the people trod each other
11297	down.
11298	And after great exertions they brought him to the Church.
11299	13. Now he extolled highly the well in which the Holy Cross had
11300	been found. And he took also (to the Caesarion) the venerable cross
11301	from the Convent of the monks of Tabenna which he had received
11302	previously to his exile from the 'general John.!
11303	14. And when
11304	they began to celebrate divine service on the day of the holy
11305	Resurrection, instead of chanting the psalm l)roper to the day of
11306	the Resurrection, which is: 'This is the day which the Lord has
11307	'made; we will rejoice and be glad in it ',2 the deacon, desiring to
11308	praise the patriarch and to congratulate him on his return, gave
11309	out another psalm that was not proper (to the day).
11310	15. And
11311	when the people heard it, they said: c 'llhis is not the proper psalm:
11312	it is an evil augury for the patriarch Cyrus: he will not see a
11313	second festival of the Resurrection in the city of Alexandria.'
11314	16. And all the congregat,ion and the monks made predictions after
11315	this fashion in public: C He has acted contrary to what is ordained
11316	in the Canons.'
11317	But none who heard any of these sayings believed
11318	them.
11319	17. And subsequently the patriarch Cyrus set out and went
11320	to Babylon to the Moslem, seeking by the offer of tribute to
11321	procure peace from them and put a stop to war in the land of
11322	Egypt.
11323	And (AmI' welcomed his arrival, and said unto him:
11324	'Thou hast done well to come to us.' And Cyrus answered and
11325	said unto him:
11326	C God has delivered this land into your hands: let
11327	there be no enmity from henceforth between you and Rome:
11328	heretofore there has been no persistent strife with you.'
11329	18. And
11330	they fixed the amount of tribute to be paid.
11331	And as for the
11332	Ishmaelites, they were not to intervene in any matter, but were
11333	to keep to themselves for eleven months.
11334	The Roman troops in
11335	Alexandria were to carry" off their possessions and their treasures
11336	and proceed (home), by sea; and no other Roman army was to
11337	'retllrn. But those who wished to journey by land were to pay
11338	a monthly (?) tribute. 19. And the Moslem were to take as hostages
11339	one hundred and fifty soldiers and fifty civilians and make peace.
11340	1 I have transposed the clause' which he llad .•. from the general John'
11341	from the close of the preceding sentence, in accordance with Butler's Cop. cit.
11342	314 sq.) suggestion.
11343	That sentence refers to the discovery of the Holy Cross by
11344	Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great.
11345	'
11346	2 Ps. cxviii. 24.
11347	.
11348	o
p. 211
11349	194
11350	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
11351	CXX.20,
11352	20. And the Romans were to cease warring against· the Moslem;
11353	and. the Moslem· were to desist from seizing Christian Churches,
11354	and the latter were not to intermeddle with any concerns of the
11355	Christians.
11356	21. And the Jews were to be permitted to remain in
11357	the city of Alexandria.
11358	22. And when the patriarch had concluded this negotiation, he
11359	l'eturned to the city of Alexandria, and he reported to Theodore
11360	and the general Constantine (the conditions of peace), to the intent
11361	that they should report them to the emperor Heraclius and support
11362	them before him.
11363	23. And straightway all the troops and the
11364	people of Alexandria and the general Theodore came together to
11365	him and paid their homage to the patriarch Cyrus.
11366	And he
11367	acquainted them with all the conditions which he had made with
11368	the Moslem, and he persuaded them all to accept them.
11369	24. And
11370	while things were in this condition, the Moslem came to receive
11371	the tribute, though the inhabitants of Alexandria had not yet been
11372	informed (of the treaty).
11373	And the Alexandrians, on seeing them,
11374	made ready for battle. 25. But the troops and the generals held
11375	fast to the resolution they had adopted, and said: 'We cannot
11376	engage in battle with the Moslem: rather let the counsel of the
11377	patriarch Cyrus be observed.'
11378	26. Then the population rose up
11379	against the patriarch and sought to stone him.
11380	But he said unto
11381	them:
11382	C I have made this treaty in order to save you and your
11383	children.' And plunged in much weeping and grief he besought
11384	them.
11385	27. And thereupon the Alexandrians felt ashamed before
11386	him, and offered him a large sum of gold to hand over to the
11387	Ishmaelites together with the tribute which had been imposed
11388	on them.
11389	28. And the Egyptians, who, through fear of the Moslem, had
11390	fled and taken refuge in .the city of Alexandria, made the following
11391	request to the patriarch: 'Get the Moslem to promise that we may
11392	return to our cities and become their subjects.
11393	And he negotiated
11394	for them according to their request.
11395	And the Moslem took posses-
11396	sion of all the land of Egypt, southern and northern, and trebled
11397	their taxes.
11398	29. Now there was a man named Menas, who had been appointed
11399	prefect of Lower Egypt by the emperor H eraclius: he was a pre-
11400	sumptuous man, unlettered and a deep hater of the Egyptians.
11401	Now after the :Moslem had got possession of all the country, they
p. 212
11402	, .
11403	CXX·37
11404	BISHOP OF NIKIU
11405	195
11406	established him in his (former) dignity: and a man named Sinoda
11407	they appointed prefect of the province of Rif: and another named
11408	Philoxenus as prefect of the province of Arcadia, that is, Fajum.
11409	30. Now 'these three men loved the heathen but hated the Christians,
11410	and compelled the Christians to carry fodder for the cattle, and
11411	they forced them to t carry t 1 milk, and honey, and fruit and
11412	leeks, and other things in abundance : Now all these were in
11413	addition to the ordinary rations.
11414	31. (The Egyptians) carried out
11415	these orders under the constraint of an unceasing fear.
11416	(The
11417	Moslem) forced them to excavate (anew) the canal of Trajan, which
11418	had been destroyed for a long time, in order to conduct water
11419	through it from Babylon in Egypt to the Red Sea.
11420	32. And the
11421	yoke they laid on the Egyptians was heavier than the yoke which.
11422	had been laid on Israel by Pharaoh, whom God judged with a
11423	righteous judgement, by drowning him in the Red Sea with all his
11424	army after the many plagues wherewith He had plagued both men
11425	and cattle. 33. When' God's judgement lights upon these Ishrnaelites
11426	may He do unto tbem as He did aforetirne unto Pharaoh! But it
11427	is because of our sins that He has suffered them to deal thus with
11428	us.
11429	Yet in His longsuffering our God and Saviour Jesus Christ
11430	will look upon us and protect us: and we also trust that He will
11431	destroy the enemies of the Oross, as saith the book which lies not.
11432	. 34. And cAmr subdued the land of Egypt and sent his men to
11433	war against the inhabitants of Pentapolis.
11434	And after he had
11435	subdued them, he did not permit them to dwell there.
11436	And he
11437	took from thence plunder and captives in abundance.
11438	35. And
11439	Abfiljanos the prefect of Pentapolis and his troops and the rich men
11440	of the province withdrew into the city of Dushera-now its walls
11441	were strongly fortified-and they closed the gates. So the Moslem
11442	'after seizing plunder and captives retired to their own country.
11443	36. Now the patriarch Cyrus was greatly grieved on account of
11444	the calamities which had befallen the land of Egypt. For (Amr
11445	• had no mercy on the Egyptians, and did not observe the covenant
11446	they had made with him, for he was of a barbaric race.
11447	37. And
11448	on the festival of Palm Sunday the patriarch Oyrus feU ill of a
11449	fever owing to excessive grief, and he died on the fifth day of
11450	1 The word ~lJ!l: (= 'to carry', the same word as is used in the preceding
11451	clause) can hardly be right. Zotenberg renders it by 'fournir', but it never ~as
11452	this meaning.
11453	02
11454	r
11455	!
11456	I
11457	1
p. 213
11458	i
11459	I
11460	196
11461	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
11462	CXX·38
11463	Holy Week, on the twenty-fifth of the month Magablt.1 38. Thus
11464	he did not live to see the festival of the holy Resurrection of our
11465	Lord Jesus Christ as the Christians had predicted regarding him.
11466	Now this event took place in the reign of the emperor Constantine
11467	the son of Heraclius (11).
11468	39. And after his (Heraclius 11) death the Romans were plunged in
11469	war on account of the sons of the empress Martina; for they had ex-
11470	cluded them from the imperial throne, and wished to make the sons of
11471	Constantine emperors (in their stead). 40. And Valentine who was
11472	leagued with Philagrius assisted them.
11473	And he drew over an the
11474	troops and marched to the city of Chalcedon; for he thought and
11475	Raid: (Martina's strength lies in the fighting men which are with
11476	her sons.'
11477	And he prevailed on all to consent to the recall of
11478	Philagrius from exile.
11479	41. And thereupon Heraclius the younger
11480	embarked on the imperial ships, accompanied by a great number of
11481	priests and monks and illustrious bishops, and passed over to
11482	Cha]cedon.
11483	42. And he made the following appeal to all the
11484	troops: 'Abandon not the duty of Christian integrity by becoming
11485	hostile to me; but make peace with God, and comply with the
11486	will of my father Heraclius; for he laboured much on behalf of
11487	this country.' 43. Moreover he alleged that he would take unto
11488	him his brother's son and make him his colleague in the empire
11489	and there would no longer. be war or bloodshed between them.
11490	And he received the assent of all the patricians and said unto them:
11491	, I will bring back Philagrius from exile.' 4·4. And when Valentine
11492	learnt that all the people had submitted to him and received his
11493	words in peace, he took Domentianus and other patricians with
11494	him and placed the imperial crown on the younger Constantine,
11495	one of the sons of Constantine, the son of Heraclius the elder,
11496	whom Heracleonas had taken unto him (as colleague). And all the
11497	people dispersed without strife.
11498	45. But they (the rebels) did
11499	not suffer this peace to be permanent.
11500	Shortly after they had
11501	raised Constantine to the imperial throne, the hatred of the two
11502	emperors grew in strength, that is, of Heraclius 11 and Constantine
11503	the younger.
11504	For Satan sowed dissensions between Heraclius 11
11505	and the army.
11506	46. And straightway the troops in the province
11507	of Cappadocia began to commit atrocities: moreover they produced
11508	1 Seventh Abyssinian month, beginning on Mar. 9 according to the Gregorian
11509	Calendar.
11510	•
11511	I
p. 214
11512	CXX·54
11513	BISHOP OF NIKIU
11514	197
11515	a letter to tbe following effect: c This letter was sent by Martina
11516	and Pyrrhus the patriarch of Constantinople to David the Ma ..
11517	targuem (urging him) to make a vigorous war, and to take
11518	Martina to be his wife, and to put down the sons of Constantine (Ill),
11519	who had been emperor with Heraclius (11) his brother.' 1
11520	47. And when the inhabitants of Byzantium heard this news,
11521	they said: 'This project is concerned with Kubratos, chief of the
11522	Huns, the nepbew of Organa, who was baptized in the city of
11523	Constantinople, and received into the Christian community in his
11524	childhood and had grown up in the imperial palace:
11525	48. And
11526	between bim and the elder Heraclius great affection and peace had
11527	prevailed, and after Heraclius's death he had shown his affection
11528	to his sons and bis wife Martina because of the kindness (Heraclius)
11529	had shown him.
11530	49. And after he had been baptized with life-
11531	giving baptism he overcame all the barbarians and heathens through
11532	virtue of holy baptism.
11533	Now touching him it is said that he
11534	supported the interests of the children of Heraclius and opposed
11535	. those of Constantine.
11536	50. And in consequence of this evil report
11537	all the soldiers in Constantinople and the people rose up, and
11538	JutaJijus, the son of Constantine, named Theodore became the
11539	chief of their forces.
11540	And he was a doughty warrior like his
11541	father.
11542	51. And when they had made preparations to fight with
11543	David the Matarguem, the latter fled and took refuge in a fortress
11544	of Armenia. And (JuHtlijus) pursued him and, since none could.
11545	render him aid, cut off his head and had it sent round all the cities
11546	of the east.
11547	52. And next he marched with a large force to the
11548	city of Byzantium and he captured the palace, and he had Martina
11549	and her thr~e sons, Heraclius, David, and Marinus, escorted forth
11550	with insolence, and he stripped them of the imperial crown, and
11551	he had their noses cut off, and he sent them in exile to Rhodes.
11552	53. And the patriarch Pyrrhuswas deposed without having recourse
11553	to a council, and he was removed from the Church and sent in
11554	banishment to Tripoli where Philagrius was.
11555	And Philagrius
11556	• indeed was brought back from banishment.
11557	54. And the youngest
11558	son of Martina was castrated, through fear, as they said, of his
11559	becoming emperor when he grew up.
11560	But the child could not
11561	endure the great wound,· and straightway died.
11562	And the second of
11563	her sons was a deaf-mute, and so was unfit for the throne.
11564	For
11565	1 MSS. to be followed here: text wrongly emended by Zotenberg.
p. 215
11566	198
11567	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
11568	CXX·55
11569	this reason they did him no injury.
11570	55. And they set at naught
11571	the will of Heraclius the elder, and they made Oonstans, the son
11572	of Constantine, emperor.
11573	And they appointed Paul of the city of
11574	Constantinople in the room of the patriarch Pyrrhus.
11575	56. (All these events) and the separation of Egypt and Alexan-
11576	dria during the reign of Heraclius the emperor of the Chalcedonians
11577	(fell out) as they are recorded in the letters of the great Severus
11578	the patriarch of Antioch, which he wrote to the Patrician in the'
11579	reign of the emperor Anastasius, wherein he prophesied against
11580	the Roman empire in these terms: 'No son shall sit on his father's
11581	throne so long as the creed of the Chalcedonians prevails, who say
11582	that there were two natures in Christ after they became one, a
11583	creed which we cannot profess.
11584	Their doctrine that the manhood
11585	and the Godhead are two distinct natures after having become
11586	united, we believers cannot teach. It is not fitting that we should
11587	speak as the heretics.'
11588	57. Or according to the statement of
11589	Gregopy: ' We recognize God the Word to be of one nature
11590	derived from two.
11591	For God was united to the flesh and became
11592	one Substance.
11593	The Godhead indeed is not converted into the
11594	manhood, nor the manhood into the other nature, but the Word
11595	which became flesh had become unchangeable, and no change can
11596	affect the Word.
11597	But the Word which has become flesh is one
11598	divine Substance.
11599	58. But this union is a marvel.
11600	That which is
11601	invisible has become visible: the Creator has been born and we
11602	have seen Him: He has healed us by His wounds' '
11603	59. But we
11604	should cease giving citations from the words of the illustrious
11605	Fathers of the Church, who have been learned in investigation;
11606	for the Romans do not believe in aught now save the Passion.'
11607	60. But for those who welcome the flavour of true knowledge
11608	I will set it forth briefly.
11609	When they rejected the orthodox faith,
11610	which is our faith, in like manner were they rejected from the
11611	imperial throne.
11612	And there has followed the undoing of an
11613	Christians that are in the world, and we have not experienced the
11614	mercy and compassion of our Lord Jesus Christ.
11615	61. And in those days there arose great troubles through Valentine j
11616	for he lmd assumed the imperial robes and sought to make himself
11617	emperor. But when the people of Constantinople heard, they arose
11618	against him, and straightway he put off the (imperial) robes.
11619	62. And forthwith they seized him and conducted him before the
p. 216
11620	CXX·7o
11621	BISHOP OF· NIKIU
11622	199
11623	emperor Con·stans.
11624	And he sware a terrible oath to this effect:
11625	'I have not done this with any evil intent, but in order to contend
11626	against the Moslem.' 63. And when they heard this statement;
11627	they set him free and made him commander-in-chief of the army;
11628	and arranged with him that he should give his daughter in marriage
11629	to the emperor.
11630	And on that occasion they had her proclaimed
11631	through the voice of the herald by the imperial name of
11632	Augusta.
11633	64. And the evil-doer Valentine accused Arcadius the archbishop
11634	of the island of Cyprus., Now this man was an ascetic in purity of
11635	life, and well known (as such) unto all men.
11636	And (Valentin) said
11637	touching him: 'He was an ally of Martina and the patriarch
11638	Pyrrhus, and a foe of the new emperor Consians.'
11639	65. And (the
11640	emperor), acting ·on this evil counsel, sent from Constantinople a
11641	numerous band of soldiers to fetch in great ignominy Arcadius the
11642	archbishop.
11643	But by the command of God he found (his) consum-
11644	mation and died after the manner of. an men.
11645	66. But Cyrus the
11646	Chalcedonian patriarch in Alexandria was excessively grieved when
11647	he'heard (of these events)-the exile of Martina and her soris who
11648	had· brought him back· from exile, the deposition of Pyrrhus the
11649	patriarch of Constantinople, the restoration of Philagriushis enemy,
11650	the death of the archbishop Arcadius'-and the triumph and power
11651	of Valentine.
11652	67. And for these reasons he wept unceasingly;
11653	for he feared lest he should suffer the same fortune that had befallen
11654	him previously.
11655	And in the midst of this grief he died according
11656	to the law of nature.
11657	And his chief grief was due to the Moslem,
11658	who had refused his request on behalf of the Egyptians.
11659	68. And
11660	before he died he wrought the works of the apostates and persecuted
11661	the Christians; and for this -reason God, the righteous Judge,
11662	:pu~ished him· for the evils he had wrought.
11663	69. And the general Valentine and his troops were not able to
11664	give any assistance to the Egyptians; but the latter, and par-
11665	tic~larly the Alexanclrians, were very hard pressed by the l\ioslem •.
11666	And they were not able to bear the tribute which was exacted from
11667	them. And the rich meri of the city (country?) concealed them-
11668	selves ten months in the islands.
11669	70. And subsequently Theodore the governor and Constantine
11670	the commander-i~-chief of .the army, and the· remaining troops,
11671	and likewise those which had been hostages in the hands .of the
p. 217
11672	200
11673	THE CHRONIGLE OF JOHN
11674	CXX·7 I
11675	Moslem, set out and embarked, and came to Alexandria. 71. And
11676	after the festival of the Cross they appointed Peter the deacon
11677	to be patriarch on the twentieth of HamIe, l on the festival of the
11678	holy Theodore the martyr, and placed him on the patriarchal throne.
11679	72. On the twentieth of Maskaram,2 Theodore and all his troops
11680	and officers set out and proceeded to the island of Cyprus, and
11681	abandoned the city of Alexandria.
11682	And thereupon (AmI' the chief
11683	of the Moslem made his entry without effort into the city of
11684	Alexandria.
11685	And the inhabitants received him· with respect; for
11686	they were in great tribulation and affliction.
11687	CHAPTER CXXI.
11688	1. And Abba Benjamin, the patriarch of the
11689	Egyptians, returned to the city of Alexandria in the thirteenth
11690	year after his flight from the Romans, and he went to the Churches,
11691	~.
11692	and inspected all of them.
11693	2. And everyone said: 'This expulsion
11694	(of the Romans) and victory of the Moslem is due to the wickedness
11695	of the emperor Heraclius and his persecution of the Orthodox
11696	through the patriarch Cyrus.
11697	This was the cause of the ruin of
11698	the Romans and the subjugation of Egypt by the Moslem.
11699	3. And CAmr became stronger every day in every field of his
11700	activity.
11701	And he exacted the taxes which had been determined
11702	upon, but he took none of the property of the Churches, and he
11703	committed no act of spoliation or plunder, an4 he preserved thenl
11704	throughout all his days. And when he seized the city of Alexandria,
11705	he had the canal drained in accordance with the instructions given
11706	by the apostate Theodore.
11707	4. And he increased the taxes to the
11708	extent of twenty-two batr of gold till all the people hid themselves
11709	owing to the greatness of the tribulation, and could not find the
11710	wherewithal to pay.
11711	And in the second year of the lunar cycle
11712	came John of the city of Damietta.
11713	5. He had been appointed by the governor Theodore, and had
11714	lent his aid to the Moslem in order to prevent their destruction
11715	of the city.
11716	Now he had been appointed prefect of the city of
11717	Alexandria when (AmI' entered it.
11718	And this John had compassion
11719	on the poor, and gave generously to them out of his possessions.
11720	And seeing their affliction he had mercy upon them, and wept over
11721	their lot. 6. cAmr deposed Menas and appointed John in his stead.
11722	1 • Mensis Abyssinorum undecimus qui XXV O Junii sec. Calend. Jul., viio Jul.
11723	soc. CHI. Greg. incipit' (Dillmann, Lexicon, 71).
11724	2 This month begins on the 10th of Sept. according to the Calendar of Giegory.
p. 218
11725	CXXIlI. I
11726	BISHOP OF NIKIU
11727	201
11728	Now this Menas had increased the taxes of the city, which <Amr
11729	had fixed at 22,000 gold dinars, and the sum which the apostate I
11730	Menas got together was 32,057 gold dinars-he appointed for the
11731	Moslem.l , 7. And none could recount the mourning and lamenta-
11732	tion which took place in that city: they even gave their children in
11733	exchange for the great sums' which they had to pay monthly.
11734	And they had none to help them, and God destroyed their hopes,
11735	and delivered the Christians into the hands of their enemies.
11736	8. But
11737	the strong beneficence of God will put to shame those who grieve
11738	us, and He will make His love for man to triumph over our sins,
11739	and bring to naught the evil purposes of those who afllict us, who
11740	would not that the King of Kings and Lord of Lords should reign
11741	over them, (even ) Jesus Christ our true God.
11742	9. As for those
11743	wicked slaves, He will destroy them in evil fashion: as saith the
11744	holy Gospel: 'As for Mine enemies who would not that I should
11745	reign over them, bring them unto Me.'
11746	10. And now many of the
11747	Egyptians who had been false Christians denied the holy orthodox
11748	, faith and lifegiving baptism, and embraced the religion of the
11749	Moslem, the enemies of God, and accepted the detestable doctrine
11750	of the beast, this is, Mohammed, and they erred together with
11751	those idolaters, and took arms in their hands and fought against
11752	the Christians. lL And one of them, named John, the Chalce-
11753	donian of the Convent of Sinai, embraced the faith of Islam, and
11754	quitting his monk's habit he took up the sword, and persecuted the
11755	Christians who were faithful to our Lord Jesus Christ.
11756	CHAPTER CXXII.
11757	-1. And now let us glorify our Lord Jesus
11758	Christ and bless His holy name at all times j for unto this hour He
11759	hath preserved us Christians from the errors of the erring heathen,
11760	and from the transgressions of the apostate heretics.
11761	2. And may
11762	He also strengthen and help us to endure tribulation through hOj)e
11763	in His divinity. ' And He will make us worthy to receive, with
11764	a face not put to shame, the inheritance of His eternal (and)
11765	, incorruptible Kingdom in heaven.: And (let us bless) His Father,
11766	(pre-eminently) good, and the Holy Lifegiving Spirit for ever and
11767	ever, Amen.
11768	CUAPTElt CXXIII. 1. (Herewith) ends this blessed book which
11769	John the rector bishop of Nikius composed for the profit of the soul.
11770	1 The Ethiopic is irregular.
p. 219
11771	202
11772	THE CHRONICLE OF JOHN
11773	CXXIII.2
11774	Now it contains divine mysteries and heavenly marvels which have
11775	befallen apostates from the faith.
11776	2. At one time the earth quaked
11777	on account of the denial (of the faith), and the great city of Nicaea
11778	was destroyed. At another it rained fire from heaven: at another
11779	the sun was darkened from the hour of dawn till evening.
11780	3. On a
11781	certain occasion the rivers rose.and overwhelmed many cities; while
11782	on another houses were overthrown and many men perished and went
11783	down to the depths of the earth.
11784	4. And all these things fell out
11785	because they divided Christ into two natures, whilst some of them
11786	made Him (merely) a created being .. 5. Also the Roman emperors
11787	lost the imperial crown, and the Ishmaelites and Chuzaeans won the
11788	mastery over them, because they did not walk in the orthodox faith
11789	of our Lord Jesus Christ, but divided the indivisible.
11790	6. The transcription of this book began on the twenty-eighth day
11791	of Ham1e, and was finished on Monday on the twenty-second day of
11792	Teqmet,l at the sixth ho\11' of the day, when the sun was in the
11793	sign of Scorpion, and the moon in the sign of Aquarius. 7. And
11794	the course of the sun was then in (its) 195th degree, and its zenith
11795	was at eighty-seven degrees thirty minutes. And the day was
11796	eleven hours, and the night thirteen. And the day increased and
11797	the night decreased daily by twenty minutes.
11798	S. And the dominion
11799	or Elgufr from JVIanazel was then, in the 7594th year of the world,
11800	the 1947th year of Alexander, the1594th year of the Incarnation
11801	of our Lord J esusChrist, the 131Sth year of the lVlartyrs, the
11802	9S0th year of Hagar according to the solar reckoning, but the
11803	1010th year according to the lunar reckoning: four years seven
11804	months and eight days after the accession of Malak Sagad the
11805	younger, son of Malak Sagad the elder, who was named Jakob
11806	w hen he received the grace of baptism: eight years three months
11807	I
11808	and five days after the accession of the Godloving queen Malak
11809	·1
11810	Mogasa, who was named Marjam Sena on receiving the grace
11811	of baptism.
11812	9. We have translated this book with great care from Arabic
11813	into Ge'ez, even poor I,the most worthless amongst men and the
11814	vilest amongst the people, and the deacon Gahriel the Egyptian,
11815	son of the martyr John. Kol?bos,2 by the order of Athanasius
11816	1 This month begins· on the 10th of October according to the Gi·egorian
11817	Calendar.
11818	! i. e. 'the small '.
p. 220
11819	I
11820	CXXIII. 10
11821	BISHOP OF NIKIU
11822	203
11823	commander-in-chief of the army of Ethiopia, and by the order of
11824	the queen Marjam Sena.
11825	10. God grant that it may serve to the
11826	salvation of the soul and the preservation of the body.
11827	And praise
11828	be unto Him, who has given us power to begin and to finish (this
11829	. work), for ever and ever.
11830	Amen and amen. So beit. $obe-it.
11831	\
p. 221
11832	· ~;
p. 222
11833	I
11834	f'
11835	I
11836	f ! I
11837	I
11838	INDEX I'
11839	PROPER NAMES
11840	(This index does not include the proper names in the table of contents
11841	of the book, pp. 1-14.)
11842	Aaron 501
11843	Abakiri 1131
11844	Abaskiron 971, 2, 25
11845	Abba Severue 9086
11846	Abraham 2714 &c.
11847	AbriHs 10910
11848	Abrakjftn (=Bruchium 1 So Zotenberg)
11849	8220
11850	\
11851	Abrittfts 151
11852	Absai (= Nikiu) 311
11853	Abtris, convent of, 10742
11854	Abtiit, city of, 11111,1811211,12
11855	Abo.lj§.nos, governor of Pentapolis, 12085
11856	AMnakl1052
11857	Abo.san, city of Egypt, 9724,29
11858	A bo.sir, see Bo.sir
11859	Abyssinia 595 &c. 9071
11860	Acacius, patria-rch of Constantinople, 8862
11861	Achaia 438
11862	Achaicus 432
11863	Ada 112
11864	-' Adagshan, the, 10718
11865	Adam 1
11866	Addaeus, patrician, 9055
11867	t Adrian t, corrupt for U rbicius (1), 8871
11868	Aelius Antoninus Pius 741- 10
11869	Aeneas 52 531
11870	Aetherius, patrician, 9055
11871	Africa 753 &c.
11872	Africanus, Chronicle of, cited, 292
11873	Afro.d, ~ee Nimrod
11874	Afro.dit (i. e. Frumentius) 77l11- llZ
11875	Agathias, the historian, 9220
11876	Agathon, prefect of Alexandria, 948
11877	Agenor 232
11878	Aglanos (= r'Awp. 1) 9068, 64
11879	Ahlf, a city of Egypt, 5144
11880	Aijes, see Timothy Salofacius
11881	AikeIa, city of Egypt, 97],3,5, 8, 9, 10, 11
11882	Ailas, a deacon, 9711
11883	Ain-shams, see On
11884	Aiqasbera. 131
11885	Aiwani 482
11886	Akela, city of Egypt near Sa, 8991
11887	Akbmim, city of Egypt, 9730
11888	Akr§.sis 1065
11889	Akregas (= the myrtle) 315
11890	Akrejo.s, see Dari us
11891	Aksenja, city, 927
11892	Alamundar, king of Hedjaz, 9079
11893	AIaric 8418- 19 8856 (n.)
11894	Alba. J....onga 54
11895	Alexander the Great 5162, 6S 591 &c.
11896	Alexander, patrician, 10310
11897	Alexandria 591 7214 &c. 745- 6 &c.
11898	-
11899	canal of, 10748 1213
11900	-
11901	churches of: of Arcadia 8387 ; of
11902	S. Athanasius 8496 ; of Caesarion 6410
11903	84101 ; of SS. Coemas or Damian 8338 ;
11904	of S. George 8498 ; of Houorius 8338 ;
11905	of S. Mark 9510; of S. MichaeI 649; of
11906	S. Peter 8388 ; of S. Theodore 10717 ;
11907	of Theodosius 8387
11908	Amandra, ancient name of Iconium, 216
11909	Amantiu8, officer of Anastasius' court,
11910	903
11911	Amanus 844)
11912	Amida 9023, 3~
11913	Amides 8036 (= Amida (1) )
11914	Ammciniu8, monk of Hezena, 893,8,9
11915	AmmoniuliI, monk of Pernodj, 8494
11916	Amosiu8, king of Egypt, 301
11917	Amphilochius. bishop ofIconium, 836,9-12
11918	-
11919	-
11920	Side 8&20
11921	'Amr, son of AI-'As lI22, 4, IIll31, 4 1142
11922	1151 1171 lI81, 2, 412017,34,36,72 1215,11
p. 223
11923	206
11924	INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
11925	Amycus, king of Pontu8, 416, 12
11926	Anastasius, emperor, 89 1,66-93
11927	-
11928	prefect of Alexandria under OODeta.n-
11929	tine 11113 1168 12011
11930	Anchialus 8986
11931	Anderwa.n 8035
11932	Andrasus, ancient name of Tarsus,218
11933	Andrew, officer of Tiberius, 958
11934	Andubarius 51 n.
11935	Anthimus, patriarch of Oonstantinople,
11936	9085 947
11937	Antigonia 613
11938	Antigonus, king of Asia and Cilida, 611, 3
11939	Antinoaea, a quarter of the town of
11940	Tarsus, 1002
11941	Antinoe 732 &c.
11942	Antioch 615 662 747 &c. 8344 sqq. 9026 &c.
11943	Antiochus, son of Antigonus, 615
11944	Antiochus Epiphanes 63
11945	AntoninuB, emperor, 741
11946	Apamea 611
11947	Aphrodite 21
11948	Apollinaris, bishop of Laodicea, heresy
11949	of, 8,462
11950	-
11951	patriarch of Alexandria, 929 948 (1) 24
11952	-
11953	count of the Monastery of Banton, 948
11954	Apollo 14 405 5617 793 804
11955	Apries 5118,25
11956	Apulon or Balalftn, name of an official,
11957	1079,15, 21,23
11958	Arabia 8933
11959	Arcadia, city of Egypt, 791
11960	-
11961	sister of Theodosius n, 8425 8728
11962	Arcadius, emperor, son of Theodosius I,
11963	839 841-3, 11-14
11964	-
11965	officer under Zeno, 88 95- 96
11966	-
11967	archbishop of Cyprus, 12064, 66
11968	Archelaus, governor of Cappadocia, 651, 2
11969	691
11970	-
11971	count of the east under Theodosius II,
11972	8463
11973	Ares 21
11974	Argives 221,8
11975	Argonauts 401 411
11976	Ariadne, wife of Anastasius, 8868 \
11977	Arians 814 834,41-43 &c. 1176
11978	',,-
11979	Ariobindus 8965
11980	""
11981	Aristomachus, duke of Egypt, gIs sqq.
11982	_ of Nikiu, 953- 20
11983	-
11984	officer of Justinian, 924
11985	Arias 785
11986	Armatus, general of Basiliscus, 88" 46-44
11987	Armenia 7733
11988	Arphaxad 41
11989	Artana 11917
11990	Artaxerxes 5150,54, 59, 60
11991	Artaxerxes n 51 i3
11992	Artemis 793
11993	Arfttigft, a quarter in Alexandria, 912
11994	Asia 424 &c.
11995	Aspar, general, 8446
11996	Assuan 5144
11997	AssYl'ia 63 81 211,5,10 &c.
11998	Asteri1 (= T6pa'Yt?) 9063, 65
11999	Astyages 511
12000	\
12001	Athalaric 8856
12002	Athanasius 7811, 14, 21, 22, 35 797, 8 8110-17
12003	8221- 23
12004	-
12005	general of the Ethiopic forces, 1239
12006	Athenais, Bubseq uently named Eudocia,
12007	8428- 37•
12008	See Eudocia
12009	Athenians 351- 8 371
12010	Athens 373
12011	Athrib, town in Egypt, 10729, 30 1132
12012	Atris, convent of, 107 42
12013	Atroktl, island of, 9827
12014	A ttalus 6712
12015	Attica 351- 6
12016	Atticu!!,
12017	patriarch of
12018	Oonstantinopl~,
12019	8442, 59, 67, 79
12020	Aubartlns 912
12021	Augustus, emperor, 6711,13-17
12022	Aurelian, emperor, 761- 5
12023	A urelians 765
12024	Auxentius, Arian bishop, 7822
12025	AwtamCln (1), city of, 8431
12026	Azarias, a rebel, 9730-33
12027	Babel Fegor 14
12028	Babylon, Rabylonia, 52 5117,47 61' &c.
12029	-
12030	in Egypt, 7216- 18 11113,14,16 nss 114ia
12031	1154, 5 1173 1181,2 12031
12032	'
12033	Baduarius, general, 9069
12034	Bahnasa., city of Egypt, 1118
12035	Balach 9062
12036	Balqa, city of Egypt, 1052
12037	Bi1nCln, Bon of Ammon, 9720,21
12038	Banton, monastery of, 948
12039	Bardane, wife of CyrUR, 514
12040	Barlaam, church of S., 8844
12041	Basil, bishop of Caesarea, 8020,23-26 8118 '
12042	836
p. 224
12043	Pt
12044	i"
12045	INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
12046	207
12047	Basiliscus, emperor, 8826, 28, 30-84, 36-4.3
12048	-
12049	son of Armatus, 8846
12050	Basilius (Mar.) 8710
12051	Basta, city of Egypt, 5125 10511
12052	Belisarius, general of Justinian, 9052
12053	Belshazzar 514, 24
12054	Belu~, son of Picus, 81
12055	-
12056	SOil of Poseidon, 232
12057	Bena, city in Egypt, 974
12058	Benjamin, patriarch of Alexandria, 1211
12059	-
12060	of Antinoe, 1l0s
12061	Bethlehem 6711
12062	Bikllran, city of (1 Rhinococura), 10734
12063	Bilawon 451
12064	Bithynia 7828
12065	Blue Faction, the, 9016 107211 10814 10916
12066	1103 1183 1199, 16
12067	Boa, queen of the Huns, 9061- 65
12068	Bonakis, general of Heraclius, 1073,12 &c.
12069	Bonosus, count of the east, 1053 10710,
12070	19,24 &c. 1102, 4, 7
12071	Bottia 614
12072	Bruchium, see Abrakjtin
12073	Bulgaria 8975
12074	Btisir 132 3013 5133 974, IS, 11 1145
12075	Byzantium (sce Constantinople) .4:19 7742
12076	8969 &c. 976
12077	Cabades 9039,45-46, 1S2 9523
12078	Caesar, Julius, 641- 10
12079	-:- an officer of Theodosius, 8349
12080	Caesarea in Cappadocia 652
12081	-
12082	in Palestine 10723 11810
12083	Caesaria, the patricIan, 9013
12084	Caesarion 647
12085	-
12086	church of, 6410 84101 11914
12087	Cainan 4
12088	Calandio, patriarch of Antioch, 8844,63
12089	Calotychius 9090
12090	Cambyses 511, 17, 19-22, 24-26, 31, 36-38, 40,
12091	46-47, 49-50
12092	Canaan 233 &c.
12093	Candace, queen of Ethiopia, 595- 6
12094	Capitol, the, 563
12095	Cappadocia 652 &c.
12096	Carthage 554 11011
12097	Casius, city near Antioch, 804
12098	Cecrops 356, 8
12099	Celestine, patriarch of Rome, 84'1S-74
12100	Cerycus, general, 9052
12101	Chalcedon, 412 421 851 &c.
12102	Chalcis, city of Isauria, 8885
12103	Cheops192
12104	Chosroes, king of Persia, sce Cabades.
12105	-
12106	968- 19 1039
12107	Christodora 10730,33, 40
12108	",
12109	Chrysopolis 592
12110	Chrysorroas (i. e. the Nile) 314 592
12111	Chrysostom, John, 83b3 8413, 42, 77
12112	Chuzaeans 1235
12113	Cilicia 2F-9 238 &c.
12114	Cilix 234
12115	Cinaron, quarter of Alexandria, 84102
12116	Circesium 753
12117	Claudius, emperor, 701
12118	Cleopatra 646- 7 671- 5, 9
12119	Clysma, city in Egypt, 7219
12120	Commentiolu~, general, 952
12121	Constans I, son of Constantine the Great,
12122	781-4, 10-11, 13-16
12123	-
12124	H, son of Constantine III (officially
12125	called Constantine on his coins: also
12126	in 12038,44, (5), 12055,64
12127	Constantia, sister of Constantine the
12128	Great, 7746
12129	Constantina, empress, 951 1038
12130	Constantine the Great I 419 421,37742-104,
12131	113 sqq.
12132	-
12133	H, son of Constantine I, 781- 3
12134	-
12135	IH, son of Heraclius I and Eudocia,
12136	1164- 9 11918 12038, 44, 46
12137	-
12138	son of Constantine III (also called
12139	Constans II in 12055, 64), 12038, 44,4$
12140	_ general, 11922 12022,50,70
12141	-
12142	prefect of Alexandria, 9727
12143	Constantinople (or Byzantium) 419 423
12144	592 7742, 67 782 8P, 20 825 84I:!, 21 &c.
12145	-
12146	churches of: S. J olm Baptist, 1034
12147	-
12148	-
12149	S. Mamas, 884 8985
12150	-
12151	-
12152	S. Sophia, 1103
12153	-
12154	-
12155	S. Thom~s, 1105, 9
12156	Constantius (Chlorus) I, father of Con-
12157	stantine the Great, 772,14, 41-42
12158	-
12159	H, son of Constantine the Great,
12160	77104 781-2,4-8, 12,13, 15, 18,19, 24, 28-34
12161	---> IIl, general of Himorius, emperor,
12162	married Placidia 8420, 21, 23
12163	Cosmas, martyr, 8338
12164	-
12165	son of Samuel, chief of the Blues in
12166	Egypt, 9720,21,27,33 10915 1183
12167	-
12168	Egyptian, 10919
12169	Crete 242
12170	I I
p. 225
12171	208
12172	INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
12173	Creusa 54
12174	Croesus 512, 7-10, 13-15
12175	Crisp us, son of Constantine the Great,
12176	77100
12177	Cronus 21 61, 4, 5
12178	Cynegia, city of, 9079
12179	Cyprus 9710
12180	Cyrene 7214
12181	Cyril, patriarch of .Jerusalem, 789-10, 311
12182	__ Alexandria, 7912 8442, 43, 90, 94, 103
12183	8720, 24 9212 945
12184	_ general 8974- 76
12185	Cyrus, king of Persia, 511, 4, 7, 10-17, 23, 1i1
12186	_ patriarch of Alexandria, 1167,10,11,14
12187	1 H)10, 22 1201, 9, 11, 15, 17, 23, 25, 36, 87, 66
12188	1212
12189	-
12190	prefect of Constantinople, 8448- 58
12191	Cyzicus 402, 4
12192	Cyzicum 40 4
12193	Dafftshir 1098,8 11610
12194	Dairus (i. e. Tyre) 233
12195	Dalas 1131
12196	Damascus 5150 7778
12197	Damian, martyr, 8338
12198	Damietta, city of Egypt, 1149 1153 121'
12199	Damnus, king of the Homeritae or Him-
12200	yarites 9072- 76
12201	D~niel, the prophet, 515, 7, 16
12202	Daphne 8928 9033
12203	Dares, governor of SamnCld, 1136
12204	Darius, king of Persia, 514,6,51 593,4
12205	_ surnamed AkrejCls, king of Persia, 5163
12206	David, king of Israel, 323
12207	-
12208	son of Heraclius, 1165 12052
12209	_ the Matarguem or AO,,(O()f.TT}S, 12046, 51
12210	-
12211	envoy, 1052
12212	Decius, emperor, 751- 3
12213	DemgilrClni,* city of Egypt, 10749
12214	Deucalion 343
12215	Dexipbanes 676
12216	Didastana 8p9
12217	Dido 551
12218	D1do.sjfi, city of Egypt, 7911
12219	Dik, canal of, 175
12220	Diocletian, emperor, 771- 22
12221	Dionysius, metropolitan of Italy, 7&22
12222	Dionysus 131
12223	Dioscorus, patriarch of Alexandria,8784, 42
12224	8815 8937 9086
12225	-
12226	prefect of Alexandria, 924
12227	Dlr6238
12228	Domentianus, governor of the FajClm,
12229	Nikiu, Alexandria, brother-in-law of
12230	the patriarch Cyrus, 11212 sqq. 1148
12231	11611 1184 1199, 10, 12, 16, 17 1201, 44
12232	Domentiolus 951
12233	Dometius, martyr, 808
12234	Domitian, emperor, 7P-I0
12235	-
12236	bishop of Melitene, metropolitan of
12237	Roman Armenia, 965,13 992
12238	Domitianus or Domitianopolis 716
12239	Domj6s (i. e. Domnus), first king of
12240	Persia, 62
12241	Domnus, patriarch of Antioch, 8785
12242	Doras 8939
12243	Doritheus, an Alexandrian, 8952
12244	Draco, river, 6P, 3
12245	Dragon, canal, 10714 1092
12246	Drusis, martyr, 7211
12247	Dtshera, a city in Pentapolis, 12085
12248	Ecclesiarius, general, 10923
12249	Egypt, Egyptians, 93, 4, 5 &c. 5126, 28 &c.
12250	-
12251	Lower, 11915
12252	Elbanja (= Lavinium) 54
12253	Elbawna. 215
12254	EleutheruB 8926
12255	Elijah 342
12256	Elkad 5136,41 sqq.
12257	Ellebichus, general, 8349
12258	Elwanja. (= Alba Longa) 54
12259	Elwarik8n (= Illyria 1) 8987
12260	Elwa.tes (= Cecrop~ 1) 351
12261	Endas, king of the Indians, 9071
12262	Ellderjan 471
12263	* Butler (Arab Oonquest of Egypt, p. 22) points out that Dim is a prefix in
12264	ancient Egyptian meaning town, and that accordingly Demqa.rllni is merely a Coptic
12265	form of KariCln, which was thirty-eight kilometres from Alexandria. If Butler is,
12266	right, then there must have been two towns named KariCln; for in our author 119s
12267	KariCln is said to lie outside Alexandria. Further, we mm't suppose that the trans-
12268	lator has wrongly transliterated the word as Demqihtlni instead of DemkarClni.
12269	The
12270	text seems to favour the idea that there were two towns so named.
12271	•
p. 226
12272	INDEX. OF PROPER NAMES
12273	209
12274	Endymion 283- 6
12275	Ensina. 732
12276	Ephesus 7112 8461 8734
12277	Ephraim, prefect and subsequently patri-
12278	arch of Antioch, 9032
12279	Epimetheus 341
12280	Epiphanius 507
12281	Eshmfin, city of Egypt, 5144
12282	Esna, city of Egypt, 3013 1001
12283	Esqfita.ws 1189
12284	Ethiopia, Ethiopians, 51 5142 9071- 78 &c.
12285	Euchaites in Pontus 8843 8946
12286	Eudocia, wife of Theodosius Il, 8428 sqq., 47
12287	878,12, 13, 18 sqq., 81, 45 sq.
12288	-
12289	wife of Heraclius the Elder, 1164
12290	Eudocianus, brother of Domentianus,
12291	11611 1198
12292	Eudoxia, daughter of Theodosiul!I Il and
12293	wife of Valentinian Ill, 8437,47 8717
12294	-
12295	daughter of Valentinian Ill, 8447
12296	Eudoxius, an Arian bishop, 836 \
12297	Eugenius, usurper, 8316-17
12298	Eulogius, patriarch of Alexandria, 9711
12299	Eumenes 6712
12300	Euphemius, patriarch of Constantinople,
12301	8939
12302	Euphrasius, patriarch of Antioch, 9032
12303	Euphrates 1002 10921
12304	Europa 242
12305	Europe 242 592 &c. 8977
12306	Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli, 7835
12307	-
12308	-
12309	DoryJaeum, 8785
12310	-
12311	noble under Heraclius, 10813
12312	Eustathius, bishop of Berytus, 8819
12313	Eutocius 1021
12314	Eutyches 8822
12315	Eutychius, patriarch of Constantinople,
12316	943,7,11, 15, 28
12317	Ezra 5123 681- S, 5
12318	Fabia, da.ughter of HeracliuB the younger,
12319	1064
12320	Fajfim 1114,14 11211,12 1131 11510
12321	F§.r, convent of, 8990
12322	Farm§., city of Egypt, 451 5125,6167110734
12323	Faunus 91
12324	Felix, patriarch of Rome, 78211
12325	Firmus, a patrician, 8852
12326	Flskis, false Messiah in Crete, 861
12327	Flacilla, wife of Theodosius I, 8346, 56 841
12328	Flaviau, pa.triarch of Copstantinople, 8727
12329	Flavian, patriarch of Antioch, 896g
12330	Frumentius 77111- 112
12331	FI1s1d (written Jasid in the introductory
12332	summary) 5125,29, SO, 36
12333	Gabala, city in Syria, 8835
12334	Gabriel, translator of this work into
12335	Ethiopic, 1239
12336	Galnas, patriarch of Alexandria, 922, 11
12337	-
12338	usurper, 8411- 12
12339	Galnians 942, 6 11610
12340	Galatia 8120
12341	Galerius MaxiInianus 772
12342	Gallus, nephew of Constantine the Great
12343	and cousin of Constantius lI, 7826- 28,30
12344	Gandubarius51 (n. 6)
12345	Gangra 8823
12346	Gaul, island of, 9520
12347	Gaza 5125
12348	Gelasinus, martyr, 7778- 82
12349	Genesius 8429, 35
12350	George, patriarch of Alexandria, 11911
12351	-
12352	an ecclesiastic of Alexandria, 12011
12353	-
12354	prefect of Qaljfib, 1132
12355	Germanus, patrician, 9426
12356	Gihon 162 677 7219 9518
12357	Godilas, see Tfil1lan
12358	Golanduch 961- 14
12359	Golgotha 279
12360	Goliah 483
12361	Gorgon 212- 7
12362	Gortyna 243
12363	Goths, i. e. barbarians, 8850
12364	Gratian, emperor, 8215 831,8,14,18
12365	Greeks 14 282 342 &c.
12366	Green Faction 8927 10746 10916, 25 110
12367	1183 1199
12368	Gregory of N azianzum 835, 24-26, 29-30 949
12369	12057
12370	-
12371	Nys88. 836
12372	Grepes (tAkraidst in text) 9070
12373	Hadrian, emperor, 731- 8
12374	Ham 51
12375	Heber 27H - 16
12376	Hebrews 23 279, 14, 17 &c.
12377	Hecuba 471
12378	Hedjaz, king of, 9079
12379	Helens. 7765, 72
12380	Heliopolis (in the Lebanon) 7778
12381	-
12382	city of Egypt. 122. Ste On, .
p. 227
12383	210
12384	INDEX OF -"PROPER NAMES
12385	HelIas 441, s
12386	Hellenes 442
12387	Hellespont 401
12388	Henoticon of Zen08862 8989 906, 86
12389	Hephaestus 101 121
12390	Heptastadion 8222
12391	Heracleonas, see Heraclius II
12392	Heracles 401
12393	Heraclitus, father of Eudocia the empress,
12394	8429,32
12395	HeracliuB, governor in Africa, 1072 10922
12396	-
12397	I (the Elder) 109211 1101, 13 1161-3
12398	1202, 44 1212
12399	-
12400	Il, or Heracleonas (the younger son
12401	of Heraclius by Martina), 10926 1102
12402	11918 1202,39,41,44,46,46, 62
12403	Hermes 91 sqq.
12404	-
12405	(Trismegistus) 151 'q.
12406	-
12407	the planet, 21
12408	Herod 651
12409	Hesiod 281- 2
12410	Hexahippium, portico in Constantinople,
12411	8921
12412	Hezekiah 56 1
12413	Hezena 893, 4, 8, 16
12414	Hierapolis, on the Euphrates, 964
12415	Hierax 8491, 93
12416	Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, 7835
12417	Homerit.{l,e (= Himyaritae) 9072,74
12418	Honorius, emperor (son of Theodosius I),
12419	839,38 841-11,15, 17-23
12420	Hormhdas, king of Persia, 9523 sqq,
12421	967- 8
12422	Huns 9042 sqq" 61, 70
12423	Hypatia 8487-102
12424	Hypatius 8973
12425	Ibas, bishop of Edessa, 8735
12426	Iconium (formerly Amandra) 216
12427	Ignatius, patriarch of Antioch, 723
12428	Illus, general, 8865 •qq ,
12429	Illyria, Illyrians, 8435 8937 (1), 74 10918
12430	Inachus 221
12431	India, Indians, 51 77108 sqq.
12432	Inmestar 851 n,
12433	10228
12434	Ionians 21H
12435	Iopolis 228 614
12436	Irai, island of, 892, 15
12437	Irenaeus, general of Justinian, 9052
12438	-
12439	-
12440	Anastasius, 8928
12441	Isaac) a leader of the factions, 9710,25
12442	Isauria., Isaurians, 217 716 8440 8885 &c.
12443	Ishmaelites 1119, 10, 16 12088 1235,
12444	See
12445	Moslem.
12446	Isidore of ManG.f 10742
12447	-
12448	general, 10923
12449	Isocasius 887
12450	Italy 531 77150
12451	J acob of Aikelllh, a faction leader, 971, ?IS
12452	-
12453	Malak Sagad 1288
12454	Jambres 301
12455	Jannes 301
12456	Japheth 281
12457	Jar6ks (= rpw/)? or I'6voas) 9066-67
12458	Jason 401
12459	J ebus (i. e. Jerusalem) 321
12460	J eqbari, commander under Theodore,
12461	1143
12462	Jeremiah, the prophet, 501,4
12463	-
12464	Abba, 894- 14
12465	-
12466	faction leader, 11112
12467	Jeroboam, king of Israel, 935
12468	Jerusalem 2713 321 5124 7217 &0.
12469	Jews, children of Israel, 2710, 12 301, 8, 10
12470	&c.
12471	John the Baptist, body of, 7842
12472	-
12473	evangelist, 71 s
12474	-
12475	theologian, 71 l';, 12
12476	-
12477	Tabennesiotes or Talaia, patriarch of
12478	Alexandria, elected A, D. 482, 8860,61
12479	-
12480	patriarch of Alexandria in the reign
12481	of Tiberius (578-582), 9423
12482	-
12483	Niciota, Monophysite pahiarch of
12484	Alexandria, 89 90
12485	-
12486	prefect of Alexandria undel' Maurice,
12487	973, 7-8,14-18
12488	-
12489	-
12490	under Phocas, 1077
12491	-
12492	-
12493	Antinoe, 11510
12494	-
12495	prefect of Damietta and of Alexandria,
12496	1149 1215
12497	-
12498	patriarch of Antioch, 84el 872(
12499	-
12500	Chrysostom, see Chrysostom,
12501	-
12502	patriarch of Constantinople, 9411-:-115, 23
12503	9610-12 986, 7
12504	-
12505	bishop, 8735
12506	-
12507	-
12508	of Nikiu, 1231
12509	-
12510	monk of the convent of Sinai, 12111
12511	-
12512	gen"eral of the local levies, 1111, '8, 11, 8,
12513	11, 16 1161 12013
12514	-
12515	-
12516	(of Maros), 1113 1161
p. 228
12517	INDEX OP PROPER NAMES
12518	211
12519	J" ohn of Mantif, 10742
12520	-
12521	usurper, 8424, 46, 81
12522	-
12523	-
12524	officer of Bonosus, 1096
12525	-
12526	Colobos, 1239
12527	J osephus 2710
12528	Joshua, the son of Nun, 291 321
12529	-
12530	the high priest, 5123
12531	Jovian, emperor, 8034- 36
12532	J" ozadak 5123
12533	Judah, kingdom of, 561
12534	J us.as, high priest of Jerusalem, 581
12535	J"udea 651
12536	J ulian, the Apostate, 7828 sqq., 31, 35-41
12537	801,4,8-18
12538	-
12539	a Galnian bishop, 946
12540	-
12541	of ManM, 10742
12542	Juliana 8965
12543	Jftljanos 5162
12544	Junia, martyr, 7210
12545	tJustent 532
12546	J"ustin, emperor, 901- 48
12547	-
12548	governor of Alexandria, 10312
12549	Justina, empress, 8213
12550	Justinian, emperor, 9016, 18, 49, 70, 77 9411, 15
12551	J" uvenal, bishop of Jerusalem, 8745
12552	J uvenalia, a woman of patrician rank,
12553	8852- 54
12554	Kabsen, city of Egypt, 10718
12555	Kaladji 1146- 8
12556	Kardimas 552
12557	Kariftn, a suburb of Alexandria (sce
12558	Demqarftni, note), 10812 1193
12559	Kebrias of Abadja, city of Egypt, 1184
12560	Kerteba, city of Egypt, ] 052
12561	Kilftnas 11811
12562	Kirjfts 1167
12563	Kisil, prefect of Tripolis, 10924
12564	Kftdis, chamberlain, 10311
12565	-
12566	general, 10788
12567	Kubratos, Hun chief, 12047
12568	Kuerdis 1132
12569	Labdacus 25 n.
12570	Lacon, Laconia, 431, 3
12571	Lahfin, city of, 1115
12572	Laius 25
12573	Lamech 111, 8
12574	Laodicea, city of, 616 8347
12575	-
12576	daughter of Antigonus, 616
12577	Lapathus 431
12578	.
12579	Latinus p2 562
12580	Lavinia 52
12581	Lazaeans 9085- 89
12582	Lemnas, a fortress in Cappadocia, 8842
12583	Leo, letter of the patriarch, 8937,69,91 906
12584	9218
12585	_ emperor, 881, 5, 12, 17, 28
12586	-
12587	logothete, 9518
12588	Leontius, usurper, 8875,78-79,82,84,87,90-91
12589	-
12590	prefect of Mareotis, 1074, 13, 38 10812
12591	-
12592	general, 10812 11113
12593	-
12594	chamberlain of Phocas, 1105, 7
12595	Libanius 7886 ,
12596	Liberius, patriarch of Rome, 7822, 24, 25
12597	Libya, wife of Poseidon, 231
12598	-
12599	country of, 232 554
12600	Licinius, brother-in-law of Constantine
12601	the Great, 7746- 48,
12602	73-74,
12603	87-90,
12604	93-97,
12605	101-108
12606	Lilianus (?) 88 84
12607	Liwnakis, commander of Samnftd, 10727
12608	Lokjon, island of, 1111
12609	Longinus, brother of Zeno, 8867
12610	Lucifer, metropolitan of Sardinia, 7822, 35
12611	Lucuas, a leading Jew of Alexandria,
12612	7214
12613	Lycaonians 215
12614	tLydiat 283
12615	Maccabees, the, 63
12616	Macedonia 5163 591 &c.
12617	Macedonius, patriarch of Constantinople.
12618	8946-47, 50, 53, 54, 58, 62, ss
12619	Madjfts 8735
12620	Magi, the, 7217 9615
12621	Magnentius 7818, 26
12622	Mahalle, formerly Didftsjil, 7911
12623	Malak Mogasa, queen of Abyssinia, 1238
12624	-
12625	Sagad, king of Abyssinia, 1238
12626	Mamftna, city of, 11912
12627	Manasseh, king of Judah, 1027
12628	Manes 7817
12629	Manichaeans 7817
12630	Maulius of Cappadocia 6714
12631	Mantif (Upper) 3013 7220 892, 4,8,16 1079,
12632	25, 87, 42 1099, 11 1133
12633	Mar Basilius 8710
12634	MMcian, emperor, 8736- 44
12635	_ prefect of Athrlb, 10729, 33, 40 10812
12636	Marcus, son of Basiliscus, 8826
12637	Marcus AureliuB 7410
12638	p2
p. 229
12639	212
12640	INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
12641	Ma-reus Turbo, general, 72115
12642	Mardias, general, 10923
12643	Mareotis 1074 1099
12644	Marik8s 9513
12645	Marina, sister of Theodosius 1I, 8425
12646	8723
12647	-
12648	empress, 8210- 14
12649	Marinus, son of Heraclius I, 1165 12062
12650	-
12651	officer of Anastasius, 8961, 62, 78-86
12652	Mar8s, city of Egypt, 1113
12653	Marsos of Isauria 8876
12654	Marsyas 391- 3
12655	Martina, second wife and niece of Hera-
12656	clius I, 1164 11919, 24 120 1, 6, 39, 40, 48
12657	Masides, magician, 9054- 60
12658	Matllnavis 131
12659	Maurianus, astrologer, 8892
12660	Maurice, emperor, 951, 14 sqq. 1039
12661	Mauritanian 311 9513
12662	Maxentius, emperor, 7736-40, 50-55
12663	MaximuB, intruding patriarch of Con-
12664	stantinople, 8328, 29, 31
12665	_ usurper, 8314- 15, 17, 34, 36
12666	-
12667	augur, 7836
12668	Maximian, patriarch of Constantinople,
12669	8465, 72, 73
12670	-
12671	I (Herculius), emperor, colleague of
12672	Diocletian, 772, 13, 23-24, 38
12673	-
12674	1I, son-in.law of Diocletian, 7713,
12675	25-35
12676	Maximin, GaIerius VaIerius, 7747, 73-75,
12677	8S, 88-92
12678	Mazabdan, original name of Laodicea, 61 6
12679	Mazaca, original name of Caesarea in
12680	Cappadocia, 652
12681	Media 5120, 47
12682	Melchizedek 271- 5, 8-13 321
12683	Meletius, patriarch of Antioch, 7835 838
12684	Melitene 9613
12685	:r-.lemphis 192 302, 5 5118, 27, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38
12686	791
12687	Menas, the assistant, 9711
12688	-
12689	a faction leader, 'chief of the Greens',
12690	971 &c. 1183
12691	_ H.oman general, 1196, 7, 9, 11, 13 12010
12692	-
12693	patriarch of Constantinople, 9414
12694	-
12695	prefect (of Antioch ?), 89 25- 27
12696	-
12697	-
12698	of Alexandria, 9734
12699	-
12700	-
12701	of Lower Egypt, 12029 1216
12702	-
12703	scribe of Nikiu, 10733
12704	Merada, city of Egypt, 1051
12705	Mercury, martyr, 8019, 21-22, 26
12706	Methuselah 111
12707	Mezad 484
12708	Michael, archangel, 41 11- 13
12709	Milan, Council of, 78 z0
12710	Mipham8nis, the new Shatra, 10749
12711	Misr (see Babylon, city of) 1122, 4,5 1133
12712	1183 1195
12713	Moesia 8847
12714	Mohammed 12110
12715	Moses 301 501, 2, 5
12716	Moslem, the, 1112, 6, 7, 12, 14 1122 4, 5,
12717	9 sqq. 1141 sqq.
12718	Mllhll 5118
12719	Mllzab, king of Egypt, 5136,39, 41
12720	Mysia 8972
12721	M!}stagogia, book entitled, 9413
12722	Nablus (i.e. Shechem) 322 934- 6
12723	Narses, general, 9613,15, 18-19
12724	N ebuchadnezzar 485 493 501 7217, 18
12725	N ectarius, patriarch of Constantinople,
12726	8332- 35
12727	N ectanabus, king of Egypt, 5161
12728	Nehemiah 5J51
12729	Nephalius, monk, 8948
12730	Nero 701- 6
12731	Nerva 7111-]3
12732	N estorius 84~9 sqq., 75, 76
12733	N estorill,ns 8725 sqq.
12734	Nicaea 7772 788 8219
12735	Nicetas, son of Gregory, general of
12736	Heraclius, 1074, 11, 45 sq. 1082-8, 18-15
12737	1094- 9
12738	Nicomedia 7829
12739	Nikiu (also Nikius, Nakjus, or Absai)
12740	311 &c. 794, 5 953, 6 10726, 89, 48 10912
12741	11118 11210, 11 11512 1181, 8, 10
12742	Nlks 71
12743	Nile 304
12744	Nimrod 52
12745	Nineveh 63
12746	Ninus 63 81 211
12747	Noah 3 41 61 221
12748	Nubia, Nuhians, 5140-429074,75, 76
12749	Numa 571
12750	Ochus, king of Persia, 5183
12751	Ouoacer, king of Italy, 8850
12752	Odrysae, city of Thrace, 361
12753	Odysseus, city of Thrace, 8975 sq,
p. 230
12754	INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
12755	213
12756	Ogyges, king of Attica, 291
12757	Omar, son of Al Khattab, 1126
12758	On 108ri 1122
12759	Orestes, prefect of Alexandria, 8493, 99
12760	Organa, a Hun chief,12047
12761	Orion 53
12762	Orontes, the, 2113
12763	Orpheus 361
12764	Osiris 14
12765	Ovid 23
12766	Palamedes 46
12767	Palestine 5111, 23 &c.
12768	Pallantium 562 &c.
12769	Pallas 531, s
12770	Palmyra 482
12771	Pampretius 8876, 78, 88 sq.
12772	Panoptes 33
12773	Papyris, a castle in Isauria, 8887
12774	Patmos 715 n.
12775	Patricius, master of the imperial house-
12776	hold,8827
12777	Paul, patriarch of Alexandria, 925-7
12778	__ Antioch, 909, 10, 14
12779	-
12780	_ Constantinople, 12055
12781	-
12782	prefect of Alexandria, 978
12783	__ Samnftd, 10726, 27,28, 33 10915
12784	Paulinus, patriarch of Gaul, 7822
12785	-
12786	master of the household, 871- 13, 26
12787	_ demon-worshipper, 981, 7-13
12788	Pausanias 62
12789	Pelagius, a Silentiarius, 8893 sq
12790	Peloponnesus 441- 3
12791	Pelops 441
12792	Pentapolis 3F (?) 7726 107~ 1207, 8ri
12793	Pern6dj, convent of, 8494
12794	Perseus 211, 16
12795	Persia 63 2FO, 17 592 &c.
12796	Persians 52 83 2112, 18 511 &c.
12797	Peter, S., the apostle, 723
12798	-
12799	patriarch of Alexandria, 7845
12800	-
12801	MonguB, patriarch of Alexandria, 8858
12802	-
12803	martyr 7711 (90Sfi ?)
12804	-
12805	the Fuller, patriarch of Antioch, 8836,
12806	~3, 44, 63
12807	-
12808	the monk who attacked Hypatia, 84100
12809	-
12810	general of Justinian, 9053
12811	-
12812	magistrate of Alexandria, 84100
12813	PetisBonius, i.e. Pharaoh Amosius, 301,
12814	4-9
12815	Petra. in Palestine 8970
12816	Pha.rnace 61'7
12817	Pharos 10722
12818	Phile, city of Egypt, 51 u
12819	Philalethes, book entitled, 8958
12820	Philagrius, treasurer of Heraclius, 11923,
12821	24 1203, 40, 43, fi3
12822	Philiades, prefect of Arcadia (i.e. Fajlim),
12823	11910, 11, 14, 17
12824	Philip, king of Macedon, 581
12825	-
12826	elder brother of Alexander, 5910
12827	Philistines 321
12828	Philoxenos, prefect of Fajo.m, 12029
12829	Phocas, emperor, 10211 1034, 9 1104- 7
12830	Phoenicia 236
12831	Phoenix, king of Tyre, 202 234, 6
12832	Photion, monk, 9417
12833	Photius 1106
12834	Phrygia 391 452 471
12835	Phftsid, see Flisid
12836	Picus (= Zeus) 63, 5 71 91 231 243
12837	Pidrak6n, canal of, 10714 1092
12838	Placidia, sister of Honorius, wife of
12839	Constantine Ill, 8418, 46
12840	-
12841	daughter of Valentinian, 8447
12842	Planets, the seven, 22
12843	Plato, minister under Anastasius, 8959
12844	_ general, 10732, 34, 38, 4~
12845	Plutarch 23
12846	Pontus 412 9068
12847	Poseidon 231, 3
12848	-
12849	son of Poseidon, 232
12850	Priam 452 471
12851	Principus 4I1
12852	Proc1us, patriarch of Constantinople,
12853	8465, 72-74, 77, 84 8943
12854	_ philosopher, 8978- 79, 88
12855	Procopius, count of the east, 8924, 26, 28
12856	-
12857	author of History of the Wars of the
12858	Vandals, 9220
12859	Prometheus 341
12860	Prosopis, early king of Nikiu, 3F
12861	Proterius, patriarch of Alexandria, 8812,
12862	1S9
12863	Ptolemais (?) 10730
12864	Ptolemy Dionysus, king of Egypt, 646
12865	-
12866	Lagus, king of Egypt, 5910
12867	. _ Philadelphus, king of Egypt, 601
12868	-
12869	general, 9711
12870	-
12871	tApft16nt of Athrib, 1079
12872	Pulcheria, sister of Theodosius Il, 8425,
12873	8728-88, 86, 44
p. 231
12874	214
12875	INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
12876	Pusaeus, prefect, 887
12877	Pygmalion 558
12878	Pyramids 192- 7
12879	Pyramus, river, 787
12880	Pyrrhus, patriarch of Constantinople,
12881	1164- 5 11919, 20 12046, 53, 66
12882	Qabell12
12883	Qaljftb, city of Egypt, 1132
12884	Qaltinja (?) 231
12885	Qam6s 9021
12886	Qorontos 212
12887	Qtistim 10710
12888	Rakonstis 592
12889	Rampsinitus (one of the Pharaohs) 191
12890	Ravenna 8420
12891	Red Sea 307 7219 12081
12892	Hemus 56], 4, 5
12893	Rhea 68 71 404
12894	Rhodanus 827, 8
12895	Rhodes, island of, 7213 1205, 52
12896	Rif, province of Egypt, 1001 1131 1145
12897	Roilas 84811
12898	Rome, Romans, 423 564, 5, 9, 18, 20 7749
12899	passim
12900	Romulus 561, 4, 5, 10, 12, 18 sqq.
12901	Roxana 594
12902	Sa 8991 1189
12903	Sabacon, king of India (i. e. Ethiopia)
12904	and Egypt 181, 5
12905	Sabendts, faction chief, 1149
12906	Sabines 5615
12907	Sahraisht, city of Egypt, 3013
12908	SaId, province of Egypt, 178
12909	Sais, city of Egypt, 5130, 81
12910	Saka, city of Egypt, 1152
12911	Salakrius (1), officer of Constantine Ill,
12912	1167
12913	Salama, convent of, 929
12914	Salem (i. e. Jerusalem) 279
12915	Sallust, prefect of the
12916	Praetorians,
12917	822, s, 4
12918	Samaritans 934- 8 992
12919	Samn1id 14 3013 10726, 48
12920	Samson 431
12921	San, city of Egypt, 5125 1052
12922	Sanhur, city of Egypt, 5125 1052
12923	Sapor Arsaces 785 803
12924	Saqtlja 472
12925	Sarabaros 7761 n.
12926	Sardanapalus 219
12927	Satfari 1148
12928	Sa1ina 1189 n.
12929	Scete, desert of, 8714
12930	Scholarius (for Sporacius 1) 88'1:
12931	Seleucia 9033
12932	Seleucus Nicanor 612
12933	Selymbria 8848
12934	SemiramiB 82
12935	Septuagint 60
12936	Serapis, temple of, 8338
12937	Serbatos, general, 8887
12938	Sergius, apostate, 10919
12939	Seruch 261
12940	Sesostris 171, 4
12941	Setabarja 47 2
12942	Seth 21
12943	SeveruB, Abba, 9086
12944	-
12945	chief of monks of Palestine, 8949, 52,
12946	!H, 64
12947	-
12948	patriarch of Antioch, 907, 12-14 1166
12949	12056
12950	Shabra, the new, 10749
12951	Shechem 322
12952	Shem 41 61
12953	Shen1ifi 5155- 58
12954	Sichaeus 551
12955	Sidon, city of, 277
12956	Sidus, king of Egypt, 274- 6
12957	Silentiarius 88 98- 94
12958	Silpion 614
12959	Sinai, convent of, 1025 12111
12960	Sinoda, prefect of Rlf, 12029
12961	Sirmium, city of, 9079
12962	Sisinnius, patriarch of Constantinople,
12963	8459, 67
12964	Smyrna 8454
12965	Socrates, the astronomer, 684
12966	Solomon 328 381- 2 481
12967	Sosthenium 418, 9 8977,87
12968	Stephen, patriarch of Antioch, 8844, 63
12969	-
12970	military commander, 11811, 18
12971	Straton's Tower 661
12972	Successus 945
12973	Sfiflr 5139
12974	Sfifir1i 5118
12975	Sycae, suburb of Constantinople, 8977
12976	Sycene 8849
12977	Sylvester, patriarch of Rome, 77 60
12978	Syria 2113 237 5121
12979	Syrus, king of Syria, 23'
12980	. """!?'I
12981	i
12982	,/
12983	-
12984	I
12985	I
p. 232
12986	I
12987	!
12988	INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
12989	215
12990	Tabenna, convent of, 8860
12991	916
12992	925
12993	12010, 18
12994	tTaninust 30s
12995	Tarsus, city in Cilicia, 218 8878 1002
12996	Tatian, prefect of Alexandria, 8220
12997	Taurus, king of Crete, 241
12998	Telemachus, monk, 848, 9
12999	Tendunia, 1123, 7, 10
13000	Tenkera 1075
13001	Thebes 5118,25,28 7217
13002	Theodora, empress, 9049, 87, 89 933 9415
13003	1063 (1)
13004	Theodore, patriarch of Alexandria, ] 076,
13005	17
13006	-
13007	Lishop of Mopsuestia, 9211, 18
13008	__ Nikiu 107 26, 33, 39
13009	-
13010	commander-in-chief in Egypt, 11114
13011	,
13012	sqq. 1121 1142 1168 11811 1191, 3, 7, 17
13013	1207, 70 1215
13014	-
13015	general, son of Zechariah, 9715, 19
13016	__ 1062 10732, 42
13017	-
13018	officer over grain supply, 1077
13019	-
13020	the Illustrious, 10926
13021	-
13022	son of Menas, 10715
13023	-
13024	general, son of Constantine, 12050
13025	-
13026	the vicar, 10718
13027	-
13028	corrupt for Theodora, 1068
13029	Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, 8735 9212,
13030	14, 18
13031	Theodoric,
13032	king of
13033	the
13034	Ostrogoths,
13035	emperor of Rome, 8847 - 56
13036	Theodosius I, emperor, 831, 8-14, 17-21, 34,
13037	36, 89-65 8477
13038	-
13039	11, emperor, son of Arcadius, 8414, 15,
13040	21, 25-42, 44, 48, 80 sqq. 86-8735
13041	-
13042	patriarch of Alexandria (A.D. 537),
13043	921, s 953 (0
13044	-
13045	prefect of Alexandria, 8935
13046	-
13047	-
13048	Arcadia, 1111
13049	-
13050	son of Maurice, 1038
13051	-
13052	general of Heraclius, 11]9, 13
13053	-
13054	Monophysite monk, 8745
13055	-
13056	agent of Nicetas, 1082
13057	Theodosians 942
13058	Theodotus, prefect of Constantinople,
13059	9017-19, 23
13060	Theognosta, S., 77106- 8 110
13061	Theogony 362
13062	Theonius, bishop of Yemen, 77110
13063	Theophilus, patriarch
13064	of Alexandria,
13065	7844- 6, 791, 12-17
13066	Theophilus. the Stylite, 1081- 4, 10914
13067	-
13068	governor of five cities, 1051
13069	Thessalonica 582 8341 sqq.
13070	Thessaly 581
13071	Thrace, Thracians, 8848 8972 1029
13072	Tiberia in Thrace 692
13073	Tiberias 8440
13074	Tiberius I, emperor, 691- 2 8340
13075	_ II 9419-22 958- 12
13076	Timothy, patriarch of Alexandria (con-
13077	secrated 381), 8325, 28
13078	-
13079	Aktemon, patriarch of Alexandria,
13080	7845
13081	-
13082	Aelurus, patriarch of Alexandria, 8814,
13083	16, 23-25, 57
13084	-
13085	Salofaciolus, patriarch of Alexandria
13086	(see Ajes), 8859 n.
13087	-
13088	patriarch of Alexandria (A.D. 520-537),
13089	9086- 90
13090	-
13091	chronicler, 362
13092	Titus, emperor, 711
13093	T6bel1l 2,3
13094	Tower of Straton' 661
13095	Trajan 721- 20
13096	-
13097	canal of, 7219 12031
13098	Tree, city of the, 3013
13099	Tripolis 1072 10922, 24 12053
13100	Tros 471
13101	tTftUlant 9068
13102	Tyre 23s 241 491
13103	TZ!l,thius, the Lazaean, 9040
13104	Valens, emperor, 825, 17-19
13105	-
13106	general, 10812
13107	Valentia 562
13108	V:tlentine, general, 1203, 40, 44, 61, 64, 66, 69
13109	Valentinian I 821- 16
13110	-
13111	Il, son of Valentinian I and J ustina,
13112	8315, 16, 18
13113	-
13114	son of Oonstantius Ill, 8423, 46
13115	Valerian 84~~, 85
13116	VaJjan6s of Isauria 8876
13117	Vandals 9219
13118	Verina, empress, 8827, 40, 66, 75-88
13119	Vigilius, patriarch of Rome, 9211 9414
13120	Virgin Mary 409
13121	Vitalian, general, 8971- 86 9015- 8, 11
13122	fWaikat 25
13123	Walwarja, Moslem genera.l, 1128
p. 233
13124	216
13125	INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
13126	\V§.rj§.n6s, abba, 8914
13127	Wl1r()s, island, 7719
13128	Watan, castle, 8216
13129	Yemen accepts Christianity 771r1l
13130	Zawja, a city in Egypt, 971
13131	Zechariah, soldier, 1187
13132	_ military commander, 9715, 16
13133	Zeno, emperor, 408, 9 428 8836- 97 8969
13134	Zenodia, empress, wife of Basiliscus, 88'1
13135	Zerubbabel5128
13136	Zeus 21 211, 8 568
13137	Zeuxippus, a gate of Constantinople, 888
13138	Ziligdes, Hun chief, 9042- 5
13139	Zillah 111
13140	Zion 27 9
13141	Zoilus, patriarch of Alexandria, 927- 10
13142	INDEX 11
13143	BIBLICAL QUOTATIONS
13144	2 Sam. 127
13145	Ps.
13146	761
13147	813
13148	1104
13149	11618- 19
13150	11824
13151	Luke 1927
13152	1 Pet. 124
13153	./
13154	Ch. lIP
13155	2712
13156	5624
13157	2711
13158	8718
13159	12014
13160	1229
13161	8993
p. 234

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