Catholic Epistle — Coptic · Cairene

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Source: http://tasbeha.org/hymn_library/view/1191 — Feasts > Minor Feasts of The Lord > Transfiguration (community-edited lyrics library; no licence stated; fetched 2026-09-08; Jul 31, 2006 02:53:16 AM by minatasgeel)

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Licence: public domain — tasbeha.org's Coptic hymn texts are copies of the traditional Coptic texts and are covered by CHB-1 (ruling CHB-5, Yousef 2026-10-10: "Yes, the Coptic text is covered"); source tasbeha.org hymn library (community-typed copies of the traditional Coptic hymn texts; 1,257 hymns with Coptic, fetched 2026-09-08); the site's own English translation (the .en.txt beside each hymn, internal-unstated) and its arrangement are not served here — this document carries the Coptic column only; the site states no licence (internal-unstated until CHB-5; LICENCES.md §5 Q-1, §12.6)

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

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ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic
1	Ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ ⲃ̅ Ⲕⲉⲫ ⲁ̅:ⲓ̅ⲃ̅-ⲕ̅ⲁ̅	Ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ 2 Ⲕⲉⲫ 1:12-21	Petros 2 Kef 1:12-21
2	Ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϯⲛⲁϯ ⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲕⲉⲡⲉⲣ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ. Ϯⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲙ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϯⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲉ̀ⲫⲟⲥⲟⲛ ϯϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲓⲉ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϧ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀. Ⲉⲓⲉ̀ⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲗ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛⲟ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ. Ϯⲛⲁⲓⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲧ ⲛ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲫ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲁⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ. Ϩⲁⲛϣ̀ϥⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ϫⲟⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲟ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲓⲏ̅ⲥ̅ Ⲡⲭ̅ⲥ̅ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲛⲉⲣ ⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ϯⲙⲉⲧⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫⲏⲉ̀ⲧⲉⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ. Ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲱ̀ⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ Ⲫϯ ⲫ̀Ⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ̀ⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ⲓ̀ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲱ̀ⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲁϥ: ϫⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ Ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ Ⲡⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲓϯⲙⲁϯ ⲉ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ. Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲁⲓⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ ⲁⲛⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉⲥ ⲉⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ⲉⲛⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̅ⲑ̅ⲩ̅.	Ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϯⲛⲁϯ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲕⲉⲡⲉⲣ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲉⲧϣⲟⲡ. Ϯⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲱⲃ ⲛ̀ⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲓⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲉ̀ⲫⲟⲥⲟⲛ ϯϣⲟⲡ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲓⲉ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ϧ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀. Ⲉⲓⲉ̀ⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ϥ̀ⲛⲁⲃⲱⲗ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁⲛϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲛϭⲟⲓⲥ Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲧⲁⲙⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ. Ϯⲛⲁⲓⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲧ ⲛ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲫ̀ⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲓ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲁⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ. Ϩⲁⲛϣ̀ϥⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲛⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧ̀ϫⲟⲙ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲛϭⲟⲓⲥ Ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ Ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲛⲉⲣ ⲣⲉϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̀ϯⲙⲉⲧⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫⲏⲉ̀ⲧⲉⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ. Ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲓⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲱ̀ⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ Ⲫϯ ⲫ̀Ⲓⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ̀ⲟⲩⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ⲓ̀ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲱ̀ⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲛⲁⲁϥ: ϫⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ Ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ Ⲡⲁⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲓϯⲙⲁϯ ⲉ̀ϩ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱϥ. Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲁⲓⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ ⲁⲛⲥⲟⲑⲙⲉⲥ ⲉⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ⲫⲉ ⲉⲛⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ.	Eθve fai tinati ǹf̀mevì nōten ǹsyou niven eθve nai keper èretensōoun ouoh èretentagryout xen timeθmyi etṡop. Timevì ḋe je ouhōb ǹmyi pe fai èimevì èrof je èfoson tiṡop xen paimanṡōpi eiètounos θynou ǹx̀ryi xen oumevì. Eièmi je f̀navōl èvol ǹje paimanṡōpi ǹkōlem kata f̀ryti hōf èta penċois Iysous Pix̀ristos tamon èrof. Tinaiys ḋe ǹtot ǹsyou niven hina ǹtetenerf̀mevì ǹnai menensa pamōit èvol. Hanṡ̀fō ġar an ǹmetsave pe ètanmoṡi ǹsōou èantamōten èt̀gom ouoh t̀parousia ǹpenċois Iysous Pix̀ristos alla aner refnav ètimetniṡti ǹte fyètem̀mav. Afċi ġar ǹoutaio nem ouṑou èvol hiten Fti f̀Iōt ouoh àous̀my ì naf ǹpairyti èvol hiten piniṡti ǹṑou eθnaaf: je fai pe Paṡyri Pamenrit fai ètaitimati èh̀ryi ègōf. Ouoh tais̀my ànon ansoθmes esnyou èvol xen t̀fe enky nemaf hijen pitōou eθouab.
3	Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥ̀ⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲡ̀ⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲣⲁ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯϩ̀ⲑⲏⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϧⲏⲃⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲭⲁⲕⲓ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ϣⲁϥϣⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲫⲓⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲏⲧ. Ⲫⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲁ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉ̀ⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲓⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲅ̀ⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲱⲗ ϣⲟⲡ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩⲁ̀ⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ. Ⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲩⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲡ̀ⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲙ̀Ⲫ̀ϯ ⲛ̀ϧ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲡⲓⲠ̀ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲉ̅ⲑ̅ⲩ̅.	Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥ̀ⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲡ̀ⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲣⲁ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯϩ̀ⲑⲏⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩϧⲏⲃⲥ ⲉϥⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲭⲁⲕⲓ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ ϣⲁϥϣⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲫⲓⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲏⲧ. Ⲫⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲁ̀ⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉ̀ⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲡ̀ⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲓⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲅ̀ⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲱⲗ ϣⲟⲡ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩⲁ̀ⲧⲟⲩ ⲁⲛ. Ⲟⲩ ⲅⲁⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲩⲓ̀ⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲡ̀ⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ϩⲁⲛⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̀Ⲫ̀ϯ ⲛ̀ϧ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲡⲓⲠ̀ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ.	Ouoh f̀tagryout ǹtoten ǹje pisaji ǹte nip̀rofytys fai ète kalōs tetenra m̀mof èretentih̀θyten naf ǹf̀ryti ǹouxyvs eferouōini xen ouma ǹkaki ṡatefouōnh èvol ǹje pièhoou ouoh piouōini ṡafṡai ǹteffiri xen netenhyt. Fai ḋe ǹṡorp àretenèmi èrof je p̀rofytia niven ǹte niġ̀rafy nare pouvōl ṡop èvol ǹxytou m̀mavàtou an. Ou ġar xen f̀ouōṡ ǹourōmi an avìni ǹoup̀rofytia ǹousyou alla avsaji ǹje hanrōmi èvol xen f̀ouōṡ ǹF̀ti ǹx̀ryi piP̀nevma eθouab.

Provenance

title: Catholic Epistle
dialect: bohairic
source: http://tasbeha.org/hymn_library/view/1191 — Feasts > Minor Feasts of The Lord > Transfiguration (community-edited lyrics library; no licence stated; fetched 2026-09-08; Jul 31, 2006 02:53:16 AM by minatasgeel)
licence: public domain — tasbeha.org's Coptic hymn texts are copies of the traditional Coptic texts and are covered by CHB-1 (ruling CHB-5, Yousef 2026-10-10: "Yes, the Coptic text is covered"); source tasbeha.org hymn library (community-typed copies of the traditional Coptic hymn texts; 1,257 hymns with Coptic, fetched 2026-09-08); the site's own English translation (the .en.txt beside each hymn, internal-unstated) and its arrangement are not served here — this document carries the Coptic column only; the site states no licence (internal-unstated until CHB-5; LICENCES.md §5 Q-1, §12.6)
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file: Liturgy/Hymns (tasbeha)/Feasts/1191 Catholic Epistle.bohairic.tasbeha.L0.txt
title: Catholic Epistle — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 1191 Catholic Epistle.bohairic.tasbeha.L0.txt (http://tasbeha.org/hymn_library/view/1191 — Feasts > Minor Feasts of The Lord > Transfiguration (community-edited lyrics)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
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generated by: tools/cairene.py from_witness on the L0 text (L1 = Cairene(N(L0)), RI-038 2026-09-16; RI-029 2026-09-11; DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09: punctuation O-6, jinkim O-3; segmentation-aware jinkim + spelling verdicts from the PREDICTED segmentation, cairene.py rule 9 (C5c, RULED 2026-09-10); 2026-09-09 evening rulings: word division church, "until" base ϣⲁⲧⲉ-, nomina sacra ⲓ̅ⲥ̅/ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦/Ⲑⲥ̅/Ⲩⲥ̅ expanded; numerals and abbreviations resolved by the normalization stage)
file: Liturgy/Hymns (tasbeha)/Feasts/1191 Catholic Epistle.bohairic.tasbeha.L1.txt
title: Catholic Epistle — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 1191 Catholic Epistle.bohairic.tasbeha.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
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generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Liturgy/Hymns (tasbeha)/Feasts/1191 Catholic Epistle.bohairic.tasbeha.L2.txt

Cite as:

Catholic Epistle. http://tasbeha.org/hymn_library/view/1191 — Feasts > Minor Feasts of The Lord > Transfiguration (community-edited lyrics library; no licence stated; fetched 2026-09-08; Jul 31, 2006 02:53:16 AM by minatasgeel). Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/liturgy/hymns-tasbeha/feasts/1191-catholic-epistle.bohairic.tasbeha/.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.