Source and licence
share: publicmixedSource: corpus/incoming/crum/text/crum-1939-16-ⲭ.txt (staged 2026-09-29 by W5-CRUM, tools/crum_stage.py; provenance in corpus/incoming/crum/README.md and STAGING.md); OCR by tools/batch_ocr.py (W5, 2026-09-10) of corpus/incoming/crum/CRUM_Ocr.pdf
Attribution: Crum – A Coptic Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939; scan of the 2000 Sandpiper Books special edition); public domain in Canada (death year verified: Crum d.1944 (corpus/scan_copyright.csv rows koptischerechtsu00crum and CanonsOfAthanasiusOfAlexandria, citing en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Ewing_Crum); title page PDF 1; imprint PDF 2 (OCR corpus/incoming/crum/ocr_root pages/0002.txt): "© Oxford University Press 1939 … Special edition for Sandpiper Books Ltd., 2000 … All rights reserved"; scan source archive.org item CopticEnglishDictionary (corpus/incoming/crum/STAGING.md §4) · note (PROPOSED-scan_copyright-CRUM.csv): Ruling CR-1 (Yousef 2026-09-29): PD-CANADA TEXT ONLY — file the 1939 dictionary pages; leave the 2000 reprint's own front matter out; note the imprint in the headers. Staged set corpus/incoming/crum/text (24 docs, 971 pp)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
Licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): US: published 1939, © OUP 1939 — check renewal/URAA before any US-facing use · CR-1 (Yousef 2026-09-29): PD-CANADA, TEXT ONLY — the 1939 dictionary pages are filed; the scan is of the 2000 Sandpiper reprint, whose own front matter (PDF pp. 1–2) is left out; the page images are not redistributed
Jurisdiction note: this text is public domain under Canadian law (the project is published from Canada; LICENCES.md §7: author died in or before 1971). It may still be in copyright elsewhere — in countries with a life + 70 term, or where a later edition claims its own rights. The licence line above says what was verified. If you are outside Canada, check your own law before re-using it.
The text
164 lines · a line number is a link to itself| ref | L0 witness (OCR) |
|---|---|
| page 533 · printed p. 516 | |
| 1 | [running head] xpos X (For most words in ⲭ- ϧ ⲛ.) ⲭ 22nd letter of alphabet, called ⲭⲓ (Ay 98).5, | (K 1, Stern p 413) B, J (Stern le, P43 230). As |
| 2 | --- column a --- |
| 3 | numeral BF, rarely S{Lant 7,31) ⲥⲟ (ⲥⲟⲱⲩ ⲛϣⲉ). ⲓ i |
| 4 | Rare in SAAF except far np (archaic), as ⲙⲁⲭ 1 |
| 5 | ϯ 1 |
| 6 | (Deu © 13), ⲙⲁⲭ (2 Mace G 5 A), ⲟϩⲉ {Si 25 16), |
| 7 | ϯ |
| 8 | ⲣⲁϣⲏ {Tos 3 1.4), ⲣⲁⲭϥ (ManiH 19 ⲡⲓⲗⲁϫ |
| 9 | (LMis 517), ⲭ ⲓϫⲟⲓⲟⲩ (BRU 1 23)4 converse (rare), |
| 10 | as ⲉⲕϩⲗⲕⲁⲗⲱⲧⲟⲥ (Mor 31 48), wpepe (ⲭⲉ BIF ⲧ︦ |
| 11 | InB=2S ⲃ ⲕ (1) before liquids, iquid as ⲭⲁ ⲛ. |
| 12 | ⲁⲉ opis [ANE 204); (2) before tone vowel, as ⲁⲱ, |
| 13 | new, ϫⲉⲭⲁⲥ. (3) beginning syllable after con- |
| 14 | sonant, as unas; alsoin ⲃⲉ Replaces ⲕ (rare), |
| 15 | as ⲥⲭⲱⲣⲧⲇ (andpdov DeV 1 10g), -ⲟⲅⲕⲛ (kdyyn |
| 16 | BSM 129), cag inapu {orveddy Ep 391); converse, |
| 17 | as ⲑⲉⲓⲕⲓⲛ [ⲧ Va 66 305), ⲁⲗⲕⲓⲟⲛ (Ep 850), ⲕⲗⲁ- |
| 18 | ⲙⲓⲥ (yAapds C89 gs). Replaces uy, as og tru (BMis |
| 19 | 352), cane {J 116 4), ⲭⲟⲟⲥ (BKU 1 48); converse, |
| 20 | as ϣⲧⲧⲁⲣⲭⲟⲥ ⲓ Kg 17 18), ⲙⲉⲗϭⲓⲥⲉ ⲇⲉⲕ {var He |
| 21 | T 10 8). Replaces #, 25 ⲥϧⲁⲓ (MR J 42), ⲁⲏ (Job |
| 22 | 28 2), ⲉⲣⲉⲃ, ⲭⲓⲥⲓ (BM 1257), ⲭⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁ [FR 102), ..ⲇⲇⲇ |
| 23 | ϩⲉⲡ- (Ryl 460); converse, as ⲱⲣⲓⲥ (Va 57 275), |
| 24 | -ⲇ- |
| 25 | Sapantup (EW 19). Replaces p (rare), as ϩⲁⲣⲟⲓ -ⲙ |
| 26 | {Louvre R31 ⲟ), ⲉⲁⲧ, oyancup{CMSS 30). Ⲕⲉ- ⲁⲇⲁⲇ. |
| 27 | places ⲅ (rare), as ⲅ Asay [ⲗ DeV 2 196); con- ⲗⲁⲙⲁ. |
| 28 | verse, as ⲉⲗⲁⲅⲏⲥⲧⲟⲥ (CO 163). Replaced by ϫ ⲇⲁ- |
| 29 | (archaic), prob mere graphic error (not BB, Stern 26 ϫ. |
| 30 | 5 f all misprints}, 25 (P35 80), ⲁⲓϫⲙⲁⲗⲱⲧⲟⲥ © |
| 31 | ⲁⲣϫⲓ |
| 32 | (Mani 2), anoxia {AP 14), ⲡⲁⲥϫⲁ (Jo 6 4 4 ; |
| 33 | ⲯⲩϫⲏ (Lu 1 46 Lacaw), uns (Zech 10 ⲓ 4), ϫⲓⲱⲛ |
| 34 | {Cl 8 4); converse, as ⲉϫⲙ (Lu 1 33), ⲣⲉϩⲛⲁⲩ |
| 35 | (Hos 9 2 FJEA 1] 248), ⲥⲁ ⲛⲉ (16 7 15), Tange paest |
| 36 | (El 72), scwpase (ib 42), ⲭⲱⲣⲉ (Ps 46 9 A}, oc as- |
| 37 | axaert( TU 43 21}& prob y(p)jpe (PMon 131, PLond |
| 38 | 5 170), Ixdope (Preisighe), Xexodd (POxy 2037). |
| 39 | Transcribes Ar 5, as Ⲙⲉⲭⲉⲛ . ⲉⲇⲭⲟⲣ Sil, |
| 40 | acest ϣ {all EW 234 ff), ⲭⲓⲡⲣⲓⲑ . -5 (PMed |
| 41 | 2), ⲙⲓⲥⲭ elas (8), ϩⲁⲭⲏⲙ Stn (ALR "90 473); |
| 42 | transcribed by 3, as pen ⲭⲓⲱⲛ ( BIF 8 44). |
| 43 | ⲁⲭⲓⲗⲗⲁⲥ (PO 1 401); or », 8s -ϫ ⲉⲩⲧⲩⲭⲏⲥ, |
| 44 | ϣⲟϧ ⲡⲁⲩⲥⲱⲙϥⲟⲥ ⲟⲅ § (rare), as ϩⲁ (BIF |
| 45 | 893) |
| 46 | ⲭⲃⲟⲃ Bu ⲕⲃⲟ. |
| 47 | ⲭⲁⲑⲏⲩ ⲃ ⲅ ⲧⲏⲩ. |
| 48 | ⲟⲥⲁⲕⲑⲓ DB ⲅ ⲕⲁⲕⲧⲉ. |
| 49 | --- column b --- |
| 50 | ⲭ ⲁⲕⲕⲁⲙⲁⲩ (mostly), wan. B nn f, small night |
| 51 | oral: Ⲕ 169 fu. 595 oI, P54 140 i355. Cf PGM 1 |
| 52 | 12 vusrifow, so here 7 -ⲃⲁⲩ. |
| 53 | ⲟⲗ puro. |
| 54 | ⲗ ⲁⲗⲗⲉ 3) ϧ ⲭⲉⲗⲭϫⲁⲭⲱϥ. |
| 55 | ⲭⲗⲟⲗ Ⲃ ⲛⲕⲉⲗⲱⲗ sf. |
| 56 | ⲭⲉⲗⲙⲓ B nn f, meaning unknown, something |
| 57 | noxious? ⲇ : MG 25 lying : on given |
| 58 | 132 babe, ground, |
| 59 | something to suck ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙϭⲓ oC. ⲛⲧⲉϥⲙⲟⲩ (sic), |
| 60 | ib ⲁϩ compared to sinful pleasures. Cf ϩⲁⲓ. |
| 61 | ⲭⲗⲟⲙⲗⲉⲙ B vb tr, crown: Va 37 134 for his |
| 62 | deeds ϣⲁⲩⲉⲣ ⲕⲟⲗⲁⲍⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲭ. ⲙⲕⲟϥ |
| 63 | aredavadoling . Cf ⲕⲟⲙ. |
| 64 | ⲟϩ ⲗⲟⲙⲗⲉⲙ Ⲛ︦ voice. |
| 65 | ⲭ ⲉⲗⲭⲁⲭⲱϥ B nn as pl, abscess, fumour: BAI |
| 66 | 020 264, Ryl 453 336 min. Julus. Cf iP 42350 5) |
| 67 | ⲡⲭⲁⲗⲗⲉ Joos ⲉ ⲃⲟ ϧϩⲉⲗⲃⲁ-. |
| 68 | SCRA, ⲏⲁⲓⲓ ⲃ ⲅ ⲕⲙⲟⲙ. |
| 69 | ⲟ ⲉⲕⲃⲥ ⲉⲙⲧⲥ ⲃ︦ ⲝ ⲕⲣⲟⲙⲣⲙ. |
| 70 | ⲱⲛⲥ B stink © ⲕⲛⲟⲥ. |
| 71 | ~CaHepwe] (sic, not ⲁⲙⲉ) B nn, name of a |
| 72 | field pest (7): MG 25 238 ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲛϥⲉⲛⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲱⲟⲩ. |
| 73 | = Gott Ar 114 108 be y ole, #6 ⲛⲓϥ. ⲛⲉⲙⲏⲓⲭ. |
| 74 | Ar ‘a only. Cf ? wwnc. |
| 75 | (wp), ⲭⲉⲣ- B vb tr, destroy, ⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ Deu 4 |
| 76 | 22 (8 ⲧⲁⲕⲟ) dkrpiBew ⲱ. Or? xep. |
| 77 | ⲭⲏⲣⲉ (CO 439), ⲭⲉⲣⲉ (BP 9421), ocepa (J 70 |
| 78 | 40, Ep 840), ⲭⲏⲣⲁ (AZ 16 17)5, xepa B on f, |
| 79 | ploughshare; Ⲕ 128 foc. 5a; ib 120 gridiron or |
| 80 | sieve used by cook ifita, ilies. In Sin lists of |
| 81 | utensils, tools. Coptic? |
| 82 | ⲭⲁⲣⲉⲃ B adj or vbt, lowly, abased: K 204 |
| 83 | ⲉⲣⲉⲃ ⲃ ϩ ϩⲣⲃ |
| 84 | ⲭ ⲣⲟⲃⲓ B nn mf, sickle: MG 25 206 ⲉⲛⲥⲟ; |
| 85 | ib 11g sim, # 97 ϯⲭ. for cutting palm leaves = |
| 86 | Gottar 114 39 iz, 3 Fo Ⲕ 127 nine. ϯⲉ |
| 87 | (Schweinf Ar Plans 232), ⲡⲉϩⲁⲗⲕⲟⲩ (lis, BMOr |
| page 534 · printed p. 517 | |
| 88 | [running head] ⲭ ⲁⲣⲟⲩⲕ: Ϥ︦ w |
| 89 | --- column a --- |
| 90 | 8115 139 mine. "ke, ig. ⲇ.. ⲕⲟⲣⲃⲓ,ⲃⲣⲱⲃⲓ, same: |
| 91 | Ⲕ 132 4x. ⲇ. Cf 2 dpary. |
| 92 | ⲭⲁⲣⲟⲩⲕⲓ B nn m, lizard: K 172 muge, Sse |
| 93 | VAZG6 33. |
| 94 | pian B onm: Ex3 1 ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛⲡϣⲁϥⲉ ⲉⲡ. Gk; |
| 95 | om, Ar var ⲉ. -ϧ but AcT 30 Toil Spovs Zid; |
| 96 | or? ⲝ ⲣⲓⲙ in ϫⲁϫⲣⲓⲙ spnuvas & above Ar var, so |
| 97 | ⲓⲱ wn © ⲕⲣⲟⲙⲉⲣⲁⲓ. |
| 98 | ⲭⲣⲉⲙⲥ, ⲭⲣⲉⲙⲧⲥ Bo ⲕⲣⲟⲙⲣⲙ sf |
| 99 | ⲭⲣⲱⲟⲩⲛⲓ -ⲟⲩⲏ B nn f, tree sizyphus, nabk: |
| 100 | K 174 ϯ. ⲇ. (1 var iis). Cf ⲁⲣⲉ plant, ces nn, |
| 101 | ϫⲉⲣⲭⲉⲙ §(7) nn f, among diseases: P43 51 |
| 102 | 7 ⲇ. (ⲕⲉ catiteriata AZ 28 122). |
| 103 | XPOW, -ⲱϣ Bnnm, slap: P54 177 mix. 3h), |
| 104 | Wa K 141 ~~ ikl, ⲣ Besa 7 11 cena ⲭ. ⲛⲉ |
| 105 | & spit in thy face. |
| 106 | Pwd ⲃ nn, wrinkle: K 75 ewe, ⲭ. -3 |
| 107 | (gloss BM 024 1,4 scld poy ©. On forehead), Cf |
| 108 | ⲱ. 5 {Dévaud), |
| 109 | ⲙ ⲁⲣⲱϫⲓ B nn f, mallet, among fuller’s tools: |
| 110 | Ⲕ 130 400. fake, ⲱⲙ( AZ 14 18), |
| 111 | ⲯ. 23d letter of alphabet, called «+ (My 155) S, |
| 112 | (Stern p 418) B, (#6 I ¢), but sometimes ignored |
| 113 | (My 159,172, K1). As numersl BF, rately S(Lant |
| 114 | 60,113} =voo(camy nme). Only used for ⲡⲥ, as ⲯⲓⲥ, |
| 115 | ⲯⲱⲧⲏⲣ {BM 1224), Jrwasa{Ryl 273), Ϣⲁϣϥ (Kropp |
| 116 | Wh, 24th letter of alphabet, called w (Leyd 434, |
| 117 | My 100, P 44 127) 5, ⲱ (EW 228), ay (K 1), ⲱⲟⲩ |
| 118 | (Stern p 418} B, 5! (Stern 12), 1 (P44 {2}. Asnum- |
| 119 | eral BF, rarely S{Br 131)=8co (ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲉ). On |
| 120 | relation to hierogl half-consonants & to other vowels |
| 121 | ⲟ Sethe Verbum 1 42 ff, Sdff 57 ff. For dialectal |
| 122 | equivalents © under o, like which it is doubled, esp |
| 123 | in Esne-Edfu texts S, 2s cwwne (Ep 288), ⲧⲱⲱϭⲉ |
| 124 | {BMis 452), wwe (#473), wun (Ryl 72), 4 wwny |
| 125 | (APJo). Replaced by 00, as ⲟⲩⲟⲟⲙ (Mus 42 224), |
| 126 | sooh{BMis 451), ⲕⲁⲗⲟⲟⲥ (AZ 23 115), ⲣⲟⲟⲙⲉ (Jern |
| 127 | --- column b --- |
| 128 | ⲟⲥ B na, eructation, vomiting: ROC 25 255 |
| 129 | after eating ϣⲁϥϩⲓ ⲟⲩⲭ. & all food (brought up) |
| 130 | dispersed as smoke dpedpeofiar, th 273 sim ϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ |
| 131 | ⲡⲟⲩϫ.• |
| 132 | CET, ϫⲉϯ B vkeV. |
| 133 | ⲭⲁⲧⲏⲣ B nn ⲡⲓ, compass for measuring: P 44 |
| 134 | 87 ⲛⲉ.. = 43 6g ⲛⲓⲭ. (Cf K 123 £430 |
| 135 | a |
| 136 | ⲧⲣⲁⲭⲟⲥ). Lit I pair, twin, of ϩⲁⲧⲏⲣ, ker (HT). |
| 137 | ⲭⲱⲩⲱⲙⲓ B ⲣ ⲡⲕⲁ ⲃ & ⲟⲩⲱⲙ. |
| 138 | ⲭⲟⲩⲁⲓⲛ B nn: P 43 32 ⲡⲱⲛⲉ ⲡⲭ. ..ⲝ |
| 139 | marble. |
| 140 | : ⲱⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲃ v ⲕⲉ III, |
| 141 | ⲭⲁϥ Snn, meaning unknown: ST 129 account |
| 142 | ⲟ barley ⲟⲩⲧⲉⲣⲙⲉⲥⲉⲟⲛ ⲛⲭ. ⲙⲁϥ ⲙⲁⲃ) ⲛⲗⲓⲧⲣ |
| 143 | ⲡⲭ. |
| 144 | ⲭⲓϥⲧ B nn ⲡⲓ, plant pulicaria: K 197 ⲡⲓϫ. |
| 145 | Er |
| 146 | ⲭⲟϩ ⲃ︦ ⲡⲡ © ⲕⲟⲟϩ. |
| 147 | ⲭⲟϩⲭⲉϩⲃ ⲩ ⲕⲱϩ. |
| 148 | ⲓ ⲭⲉϩⲭⲟϩⲧⲃ www) |
| 149 | D 46) & in names, as Jan, Love, ⲙⲱ : converse |
| 150 | {rare}, as ⲡⲉⲩϧϩⲕ (MR 5 49), ⲛⲥⲩⲫⲟⲥ (fijdos Z 548, |
| 151 | of ⲡⲍⲏⲫⲟⲥ Ac 10). Note also aanl1ac{ Auaceios |
| 152 | AmT to,144). Strengthened by 1, as oMhmsre{ Pood |
| 153 | Mor 57}, ⲡⲯⲩⲭⲏ (Mor 28 261), ⲡⲓ (CO 144). |
| 154 | 5). In Inaccurate, esp F texts w for 0 & o for ⲱ |
| 155 | often, as ⲁⲡⲱⲧ (Kr 22), nwhsc (i 11), Ⲃⲱⲏⲑⲟⲥ (ib |
| 156 | 18), sano (ib 11), not(ib 19), ϣⲧⲟⲣⲓ ⲃ 6 Asmus |
| 157 | 33. Sw replaced ind by oT, v under o, also in §°, |
| 158 | where ⲱ for ⲁⲩ, ⲟⲩ is common, vEp 1 241. Sw |
| 159 | ft. ded b Pp |
| 160 | offen prece y ⲟⲩ, ϭ under a. |
| 161 | Ww SAA*BF interj, Of: Ps 117 25 838, Pro 2 13 |
| 162 | SAB, Re 11 33 SBF, Hab 2 9 4 soy, Zech 11 17 4 |
| 163 | do, all Gk d; 1 Kg 25 14 § w{var nin) ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲟⲩⲧⲉ |
| 164 | od; Sh 42 96 ⲱ ⲡⲙⲉⲣⲓⲧ, 199 5 ⲱ ⲧⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲏ, |
Provenance
- title
- Crum, A Coptic Dictionary (1939) — section ⲭ
- dialect
- mixed
- source
- corpus/incoming/crum/text/crum-1939-16-ⲭ.txt (staged 2026-09-29 by W5-CRUM, tools/crum_stage.py; provenance in corpus/incoming/crum/README.md and STAGING.md); OCR by tools/batch_ocr.py (W5, 2026-09-10) of corpus/incoming/crum/CRUM_Ocr.pdf
- licence
- public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): US: published 1939, © OUP 1939 — check renewal/URAA before any US-facing use · CR-1 (Yousef 2026-09-29): PD-CANADA, TEXT ONLY — the 1939 dictionary pages are filed; the scan is of the 2000 Sandpiper reprint, whose own front matter (PDF pp. 1–2) is left out; the page images are not redistributed
- share
- public
- attribution
- Crum – A Coptic Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939; scan of the 2000 Sandpiper Books special edition); public domain in Canada (death year verified: Crum d.1944 (corpus/scan_copyright.csv rows koptischerechtsu00crum and CanonsOfAthanasiusOfAlexandria, citing en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Ewing_Crum); title page PDF 1; imprint PDF 2 (OCR corpus/incoming/crum/ocr_root pages/0002.txt): "© Oxford University Press 1939 … Special edition for Sandpiper Books Ltd., 2000 … All rights reserved"; scan source archive.org item CopticEnglishDictionary (corpus/incoming/crum/STAGING.md §4) · note (PROPOSED-scan_copyright-CRUM.csv): Ruling CR-1 (Yousef 2026-09-29): PD-CANADA TEXT ONLY — file the 1939 dictionary pages; leave the 2000 reprint's own front matter out; note the imprint in the headers. Staged set corpus/incoming/crum/text (24 docs, 971 pp)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
- OCR
- tesseract coptic+eng (models/coptic.traineddata as installed at run time: the run was 2026-09-10 10:57–2026-09-10 11:38, v2 replaced the model at 19:03 that day per the models/ file times and REPORT-A3a §1, so this is v1 of 2026-09-08 — inferred from times, meta.json records only "coptic+eng"), 300 dpi, psm 3, 971 of 971 pages, mean word confidence 74.0 (Tesseract's own figure, NOT a CER — CLAUDE.md §1.3). Run by worker W5 with tools/batch_ocr.py. Work area: ~/Documents/Egypt/Corpus/L0/ocr/Incoming/CRUM_Ocr/ (pages/, hOCR). Known failure: the BOLD headword face is often read as Latin (`anag` for ⲁⲛⲁϩ) — REPORT-W5 §9, REPORT-A3a §6. · accuracy: no CER exists for this book. Measured by eye (REPORT-W5 §6, two dictionary pages): 23 of 26 main entries found, 20 of 23 headword strings exact — not a CER.
- file
- Reference/Dictionaries/Crum – A Coptic Dictionary (1939)/crum-1939-16-ⲭ.ocr.L0.txt
L0 witness (OCR)
Cite as:
Crum, A Coptic Dictionary (1939) — section ⲭ. corpus/incoming/crum/text/crum-1939-16-ⲭ.txt (staged 2026-09-29 by W5-CRUM, tools/crum_stage.py; provenance in corpus/incoming/crum/README.md and STAGING.md); OCR by tools/batch_ocr.py (W5, 2026-09-10) of corpus/incoming/crum/CRUM_Ocr.pdf. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/reference/dictionaries/crum-a-coptic-dictionary-1939/crum-1939-16.ocr/. Crum – A Coptic Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939; scan of the 2000 Sandpiper Books special edition); public domain in Canada (death year verified: Crum d.1944 (corpus/scan_copyright.csv rows koptischerechtsu00crum and CanonsOfAthanasiusOfAlexandria, citing en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Ewing_Crum); title page PDF 1; imprint PDF 2 (OCR corpus/incoming/crum/ocr_root pages/0002.txt): "© Oxford University Press 1939 … Special edition for Sandpiper Books Ltd., 2000 … All rights reserved"; scan source archive.org item CopticEnglishDictionary (corpus/incoming/crum/STAGING.md §4) · note (PROPOSED-scan_copyright-CRUM.csv): Ruling CR-1 (Yousef 2026-09-29): PD-CANADA TEXT ONLY — file the 1939 dictionary pages; leave the 2000 reprint's own front matter out; note the imprint in the headers. Staged set corpus/incoming/crum/text (24 docs, 971 pp)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.