09_Galathians_04 — Coptic · Cairene

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Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 09_Galathians_04

Attribution: 09_Galathians_04 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 09_Galathians_04, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

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English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
4:1	ϯϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉⲉⲫⲟⲥⲟⲛ ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲛ ⲉⲡⲓⲕⲗⲏ ⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛⲁⲗⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛϣⲓⲃϯ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲙϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉⲉⲛⲭⲁⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ .	ϯϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲫⲟⲥⲟⲛ ⲭⲣⲟⲛⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲕⲗⲏ ⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲗⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ϩ̀ⲗⲓ ⲛ̀ϣⲓⲃϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲉϥⲟⲓ ⲙ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲉⲉⲛⲭⲁⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ.	tigō m̀mos je efoson xronon èpikly ronomos oukouji ǹalou pe m̀mon h̀li ǹṡivti m̀mof nem ouvōk efoi m̀ċois eenkai niven.	But I say that so long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a bondservant, though he is lord of all;
4:2	ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲭⲏ ϧⲁϩⲁⲛⲉⲡⲓⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙϩⲁⲛⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϣⲁϯⲛⲉⲓ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ	Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁϥⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ϩⲁⲛⲉⲡⲓⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲟⲓⲕⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϣⲁϯⲛⲉⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ	Alla afky xa hanepitropos nem hanoikonomos ṡatinei ǹte pefiōt	but is under guardians and stewards until the day appointed by the father.
4:3	ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲛ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⲛⲁⲗⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛⲭⲏ ϧⲁⲛⲓⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⲙⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ .	ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲱⲛ ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲗⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛⲭⲏ ϧⲁ ⲛⲓⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲛⲟⲓ ⲛ̀ⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ.	pairyti ànon hōn hote enoi ǹalou nanky xa nistoiṡion ǹte pikosmos enoi ǹvōk nōou.	So we also, when we were children, were held in bondage under the elemental principles of the world.
4:4	ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓ ⲛϫⲉⲫⲙⲟϩ ⲛⲧⲉⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲙⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁⲟⲩⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲉⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ .	Ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁϥⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ ⲫ̀ⲙⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁ ⲟⲩⲥ̀ϩⲓⲙⲓ ⲉⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ.	Hote ḋe ètafì ǹje f̀moh ǹte pisyou a f̀nouti ouōrp ǹpefṡyri eafṡōpi xa ous̀·himi eafṡōpi xa pinomos.	But when the fullness of the time came, God sent out his Son, born to a woman, born under the law,
4:5	ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲏⲡ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲛϭⲓ ⲛϯⲙⲉⲧϣⲏⲣⲓ .	Ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϣⲏⲡ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϭⲓ ⲛ̀ϯⲙⲉⲧϣⲏⲣⲓ.	Hina ǹtefṡyp ny etxa pinomos hina ǹtenċi ǹtimetṡyri.	that he might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of children.
4:6	ⲟⲧⲓ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲧⲁⲟⲩⲟ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲛⲧⲉⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲏ ⲧⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲫⲓⲱⲧ .	Ⲟ̀ⲧⲓ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲁ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲧⲁⲟⲩⲟ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲡ̀ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲛⲧⲉⲡⲉϥϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲉ̀ϧ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲏ ⲧⲉϥⲱϣ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ⲫ̀ⲓⲱⲧ.	Òti ḋe je ǹθōten hanṡyri a f̀nouti taouo ǹpip̀nevmantepefṡyri èx̀ryi ènetenhy tefōṡ èvol je abba f̀iōt.	And because you are children, God sent out the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, 'Abba, Father!'
4:7	ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ .	Ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲃⲱⲕ ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲓⲉ ⲟⲩⲕ̀ⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ.	Hōste ǹθok ouvōk an je alla ouṡyri isje ḋe ouṡyri ie ouk̀lyronomos on èvol hiten f̀nouti.	So you are no longer a bondservant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.
4:8	ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲛⲏ ⲫⲩⲥⲓ ⲉⲧⲉϩⲁⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉ .	Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲣⲃⲱⲕ ⲛ̀ⲛⲏ ⲫⲩⲥⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ϩⲁⲛⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲁⲛ ⲛⲉ.	Alla ǹpisyou men ète m̀mav ǹtetensōoun ǹf̀nouti an aretenervōk ǹny fisi ète hannouti an ne.	However at that time, not knowing God, you were in bondage to those who by nature are not gods.
4:9	ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲱⲥ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱϯ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲛ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲛⲓϫⲱⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛϩⲏ ⲕⲓ ⲛⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲉⲣⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ .	Ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲁ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲡⲱⲥ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ϧ̀ⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ⲛⲓϫⲱⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ϩⲏ ⲕⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲧⲟⲓⲭⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉⲉⲣⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ.	Tinou ḋe aretensouen f̀nouti mallon ḋe a f̀nouti souen θynou pōs tetenkōti m̀mōten on èx̀ryi ènigōb ouoh ǹhy ki ǹstoiṡion ny etetenouōṡ eervōk nōou ǹkesop.	But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, why do you turn back again to the weak and miserable elemental principles, to which you desire to be in bondage all over again?
4:10	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϯϩⲑⲏⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϩⲁⲛⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙϩⲁⲛⲁⲃⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙϩⲁⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙϩⲁⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ .	Ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϯϩⲑⲏⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ϩⲁⲛⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲁⲃⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ.	Earetentihθyten èhanèhoou nem hanavyt nem hansyou nem hanrompi.	You observe days, months, seasons, and years.
4:11	ϯⲉⲣϩⲟϯ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲏ ⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϭⲓϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲕⲏ .	Ϯⲉⲣϩⲟϯ ϧⲁ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲏ ⲙⲏⲡⲱⲥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲓϭⲓϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲕⲏ.	Tierhoti xa tetenhy mypōs ètaiċixisi erōten hiky.	I am afraid for you, that I might have wasted my labor for you.
4:12	ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲏϯ ϫⲉⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϯϯϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϭ ⲓⲧ ⲛϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛϩⲗⲓ .	Ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲏϯ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲁⲥ̀ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ϯϯϩⲟ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϭ ⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ϫⲟⲛⲥ ⲛ̀ϩ̀ⲗⲓ.	Ṡōpi ǹparyti je anok hō ǹpetenryti nas̀nyou titiho erōten ǹpetenċ it ǹgons ǹh̀li.	I beg you, brothers, become as I am, for I also have become as you are. You did me no wrong,
4:13	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲙⲓ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉⲉⲑⲃⲉⲟⲩϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϯⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲁⲓϩⲓϣⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛϣⲟⲣⲡ .	Ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲙⲓ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩϣⲱⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϯⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲁⲓϩⲓϣⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ϣⲟⲣⲡ.	Tetenemi ḋe je eθve ouṡōni ǹte tisarks aihiṡennoufi nōten ǹṡorp.	but you know that because of weakness of the flesh I preached the Good News to you the first time.
4:14	ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲟϣϥ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ⲛⲥⲱϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲟⲡϥ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲫⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ .	Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡ̀ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲣⲁⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲟϣϥ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲓⲑⲁϥ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱϥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲟⲡϥ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲓⲏⲥⲟⲩⲥ.	Ouoh p̀etenpirasmos etky xen tasarks m̀petenṡoṡf ouḋe m̀petenhiθaf ǹsōf alla aretenṡopf erōten ǹf̀ryti ǹouangelos ǹte f̀nouti ǹf̀ryti ǹpix̀ristos iysous.	That which was a temptation to you in my flesh, you didn't despise nor reject; but you received me as an angel of God, even as Christ Jesus.
4:15	ⲁϥⲑⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ϯⲉⲣⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϫⲉⲉⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲫⲉⲣⲕ ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲏⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ .	Ⲁϥⲑⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲥⲙⲟⲥ ϯⲉⲣⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϣ̀ϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲫⲉⲣⲕ ⲛ̀ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲃⲁⲗ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲏⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ.	Afθōn oun petenmakarismos tiermeθre ġar nōten je ene ouon ṡ̀gom m̀mōten èferk ǹetenval èvol naretennatyitou nyi pe.	What was the blessing you enjoyed? For I testify to you that, if possible, you would have plucked out your eyes and given them to me.
4:16	ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲁⲓⲉⲣϫⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϫⲉϯⲧⲁⲙⲟ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲙⲏⲓ .	Ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲁⲓⲉⲣϫⲁϫⲓ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϫⲉ ϯⲧⲁⲙⲟ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲑⲙⲏⲓ.	Hōste aiergaji erōten je titamo m̀mōten èθmyi.	So then, have I become your enemy by telling you the truth?
4:17	ⲥⲉⲭⲟϩ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϣⲑⲁⲙ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲟϩ ⲉⲣⲱⲟⲩ .	Ⲥⲉⲭⲟϩ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̀ϣⲑⲁⲙ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲭⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲱⲟⲩ.	Sekoh erōten ǹkalōs an alla evouōṡ èṡθam erōten hina ǹtetenkoh èrōou.	They zealously seek you in no good way. No, they desire to alienate you, that you may seek them.
4:18	ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲭⲟϩ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲛⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲓⲭⲏ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲁⲛ .	Ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲭⲟϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲛ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲓⲭⲏ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲁⲛ.	Nanes ḋe èkoh xen pipeθnanef ǹsyou niven ouoh eiky xaten θynou m̀mavatf an.	But it is always good to be zealous in a good cause, and not only when I am present with you.
4:19	ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉϯ ϯⲛⲁⲕϩⲓ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ ϣⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ϭⲓⲙⲟⲣⲫⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ .	Ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϯ ϯⲛⲁⲕϩⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ ϣⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲭ̀ⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ϭⲓⲙⲟⲣⲫⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ.	Naṡyri nai èti tinak·hi m̀mōou ǹkesop ṡate pix̀ristos ċimorfy xen θynou.	My little children, of whom I am again in travail until Christ is formed in you--
4:20	ⲛⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲓ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉϣⲓⲃϯ ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲙⲏ ϫⲉϯϣⲟⲗϩ ⲛϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ .	Ⲛⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲇⲉ ⲓ̀ ϩⲁⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ϣⲓⲃϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲥ̀ⲙⲏ ϫⲉ ϯϣⲟⲗϩ ⲛ̀ϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ.	Naiouōṡ ḋe ì harōten tinou ouoh èṡivti ǹtas̀my je tiṡolh ǹhyt xen θynou.	but I could wish to be present with you now, and to change my tone, for I am perplexed about you.
4:21	ⲁϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ .	Ⲁ̀ϫⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ.	Àgos oun nyi aretenouōṡ eṡōpi xa pinomos ǹtetensōoun ǹpinomos an.	Tell me, you that desire to be under the law, don't you listen to the law?
4:22	ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉⲁⲃⲣⲁⲁⲙ ⲁϥϫⲫⲉ ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲃⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛϯⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛϯⲣⲉⲙϩⲏ .	Ⲥ̀ⲥ̀ϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲁⲃⲣⲁⲁⲙ ⲁϥϫⲫⲉ ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲃ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲉⲙϩⲏ.	S̀s̀xyout ġar je abraam afgfe ṡyri v ouai èvol xen tivōki nem ouai èvol xen tiremhy.	For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the handmaid, and one by the free woman.
4:23	ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲓⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛϯⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁⲥϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲡⲓⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛϯⲣⲉⲙϩⲏ ⲟⲩⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲉⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲁ ⲡⲉ .	Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲓⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲙⲁⲥϥ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ ⲡⲓⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲇⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲉⲙϩⲏ ⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲁ ⲡⲉ.	Alla pièvol men xen tivōki ètavmasf kata sarks pièvol ḋe xen tiremhy ou èvol xen ouepangelia pe.	However, the son by the handmaid was born according to the flesh, but the son by the free woman was born through promise.
4:24	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲉϣⲁⲩⲉⲣⲁⲗⲗⲏⲅⲟⲣⲓⲛ ⲙⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ ⲃϯ ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲥⲓⲛⲁ ⲉⲥⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲧⲃⲱⲕ ⲉⲧⲉⲁⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲉ .	Ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲉϣⲁⲩⲉⲣⲁⲗⲗⲏⲅⲟⲣⲓⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲇⲓⲁⲑⲏⲕⲏ ⲃϯ ⲛⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲟⲩⲓ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲥⲓⲛⲁ ⲉⲥⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲩⲙⲉⲧⲃⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲁⲅⲁⲣ ⲧⲉ.	Ète nai neeṡaverallyġorin m̀mōou ḋiaθyky vti ne nai oui men èvol xen p̀tōou ǹsina esmisi evmetvōk ète aġar te.	These things contain an allegory, for these are two covenants. One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children to bondage, which is Hagar.
4:25	ⲁⲅⲁⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲥⲓⲛⲁ ⲉϥⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲁⲃⲓⲁ ⲁϥⲟⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛϯⲙⲁϯ ⲛⲉⲙⲓⲉⲣⲟⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ ⲛⲧⲉϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲥⲟⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲓ .	Ⲁⲅⲁⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉ ⲡ̀ⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲥⲓⲛⲁ ⲉϥⲭⲏ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁⲣⲁⲃⲓⲁ ⲁϥⲟⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̀ϣ̀ⲫⲏⲣ ⲛ̀ϯⲙⲁϯ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲥⲟⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̀ⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲥϣⲏⲣⲓ.	Aġar ḋe pe p̀tōou ǹsina efky xen tarabia afoi ḋe ǹṡ̀fyr ǹtimati nem ierosalym ǹte tinou soi ġar ǹvōki nem nesṡyri.	For this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia, and answers to the Jerusalem that exists now, for she is in bondage with her children.
4:26	ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲟⲩⲣⲉⲙϩⲏ ⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲁⲩ ⲧⲉ .	Ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉⲙⲡ̀ϣⲱⲓ ⲟⲩⲣⲉⲙϩⲏ ⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲁⲩ ⲧⲉ.	Ierosalym ḋe ètemp̀ṡōi ouremhy te etetenmav te.	But the Jerusalem that is above is free, which is the mother of us all.
4:27	ⲥⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲙⲙⲟ ϯⲁϭⲣⲏⲛ ⲑⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲥⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲫⲱϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲱϣ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲑⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲥϯⲛⲁⲕϩⲓ ϫⲉⲛⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲓϣⲏ ⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϯϣⲁϥⲏ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲑⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲁⲥ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲁⲓ ⲙⲙⲁⲩ .	Ⲥ̀ⲥ̀ϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟ ϯⲁϭⲣⲏⲛ ⲑⲏ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲫⲱϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲱϣ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲑⲏ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϯⲛⲁⲕϩⲓ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁϣⲉ ⲛⲓϣⲏ ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϯϣⲁϥⲏ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲑⲏ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲁⲥ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓϩⲁⲓ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ.	S̀s̀xyout ġar je ounof m̀mo tiaċryn θy ète m̀pasmisi fōji ouoh ōṡ èvol θy ète m̀pastinak·hi je naṡe niṡy ri ǹte tiṡafy mallon èhote θy ète ouontas ǹpihai m̀mav.	For it is written, 'Rejoice, you barren who don't bear. Break forth and shout, you that don't travail. For more are the children of the desolate than of her who has a husband.'
4:28	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲁⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛⲧⲉϯⲉⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲁ	Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲥ̀ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲓⲥⲁⲁⲕ ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ ϩⲁⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ϯⲉⲡⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲁ	Ànon ḋe nens̀nyou kata isaak ànon hanṡyri ǹte tiepangelia	Now we, brothers, as Isaac was, are children of promise.
4:29	ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲧⲏ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲡⲓⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲥⲁⲣⲝ ϭⲟϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲁⲡⲓⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲡⲓⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲩ .	ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲧⲏ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲥⲁⲣⲝ ϭⲟϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲡⲓⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲟⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲩ.	alla ǹf̀ryti ǹpisyou etty nare pimisi kata sarks ċoji ǹsa pimisi kata pipnevmapairyti on tinou.	But as then, he who was born according to the flesh persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now.
4:30	ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲉϯⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϣⲏ ⲣⲓ ⲛⲛⲉ ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛϯⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲉⲣⲕⲗⲏ ⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛϯⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ .	Ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ϯⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲓ̀ⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲥϣⲏ ⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ ⲡ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̀ϯⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲉⲣⲕⲗⲏ ⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡ̀ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ϯⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ.	Alla ou pe ète tiġrafy gō m̀mof hiouì ǹtaìvōki èvol nem pesṡy ri ǹne p̀ṡyri ġar ǹtivōki erkly ronomin nem p̀ṡyri ǹtiremhe.	However what does the Scripture say? 'Throw out the handmaid and her son, for the son of the handmaid will not inherit with the son of the free woman.'
4:31	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛϯⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ	Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲉⲛⲥ̀ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲛϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̀ϯⲃⲱⲕⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ	Ànon ḋe nens̀nyou ànon nenṡyri ǹtivōki an alla tiremhe	So then, brothers, we are not children of a handmaid, but of the free woman.

Provenance

title: 09_Galathians_04
dialect: bohairic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 09_Galathians_04
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 (meta.json "CC-BY-SA"; TEI header says CC-BY 4.0 — conflict, stricter kept; LICENCES.md Q-15)
share: attribution
attribution: 09_Galathians_04 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 09_Galathians_04, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.0.0, 2024-10-31)
file: Bible/New Testament/Galatians/04.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: 09_Galathians_04 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 04.bohairic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 09_Galathians_04)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 09_Galathians_04 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 09_Galathians_04, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/cairene.py from_witness on the L0 text (L1 = Cairene(N(L0)), RI-038 2026-09-16; RI-029 2026-09-11; DECISIONS.md 2026-09-09: punctuation O-6, jinkim O-3; segmentation-aware jinkim + spelling verdicts from the witness-aligned CoNLL-U segmentation, C3b; 2026-09-09 evening rulings: word division church, "until" base ϣⲁⲧⲉ-, nomina sacra ⲓ̅ⲥ̅/ⲡⲉⲭ︦ⲥ︦/Ⲑⲥ̅/Ⲩⲥ̅ expanded; numerals and abbreviations resolved by the normalization stage)
file: Bible/New Testament/Galatians/04.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: 09_Galathians_04 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 04.bohairic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: 09_Galathians_04 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 09_Galathians_04, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/New Testament/Galatians/04.bohairic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 31 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: World English Bible (WEB) — aligned in Coptic SCRIPTORIUM bohairic.nt, 09_Galathians_04 (31 lines)

Cite as:

09_Galathians_04. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "bohairic.nt", document 09_Galathians_04. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/new-testament/galatians/04.bohairic.scriptorium/. 09_Galathians_04 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus bohairic.nt, document 09_Galathians_04, version 6.0.0 (2024-10-31), annotations by Nina Speranskaja, Nicholas Wagner, Amir Zeldes; source edition Marcion, Hany Takla. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Marcion project, Hany Takla. Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.