Psalms 31 — Coptic · Cairene

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share: attributionsahidic

Source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 19_Psalms_031

Attribution: Psalms 31 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_031, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0

Full provenance and citation

The text

11 lines · a line number is a link to itself

English: quoted translations are shown as they are, with their credit in the provenance; lines marked draft are language-model drafts made for this project (to be corrected), and alignment unchecked marks a quoted verse whose placement was not cross-checked. Check the Coptic before relying on any English line.

ref	L0 witness	L1 Cairene	L2 Kemetic	English
31:1	ⲡⲁⲧⲙⲛⲧⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲇⲁⲩⲉⲓⲇ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲙⲛⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϫⲛⲛⲉⲩⲛⲟⲃⲉ	ⲡⲁⲧ̀ⲙ̀ⲛⲧⲣⲙⲛϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̀ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩⲭⲱ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲟⲃⲓ	pat̀m̀ntrmnhyt ǹdavid naiatou ǹnetavkō èvol ǹnouànomia nem netavhōvs èvol èjen nounovi	Blessed are they whose transgressions are forgiven, and who sins are covered.
31:2	ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧϥ ⲙⲡⲣⲱⲙⲉ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲉⲡⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉⲙⲛⲕⲣⲟϥ ϩⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲧϥ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲛ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛⲁⲓⲉⲫ̀ⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲛ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛ ⲭ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲡⲣⲟ	naiatf ǹp̀rōmi eteǹp̀ċois naief̀novi èrof an ouḋe em̀mon k̀rof xen teftapro	Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin, and whose mouth there is no guile.
31:3	ⲁⲓⲕⲁⲣⲱⲓ ϫⲉⲁⲛⲁⲕⲉⲉⲥ ⲣⲁⲥ ϩⲙⲡⲧⲣⲁϫⲓϣⲕⲁⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ	ⲁⲓⲭⲁⲣⲱⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲁⲕⲉⲉⲥ ⲣⲁⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲧⲣⲁϫⲓϣⲕⲁⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲡⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲧⲏⲣϥ	aikarōi je anakees ras xen p̀trajiṡkak èvol ǹpèhoou tyrf	Because I kept silence, my bones waxed old, from my crying all the day.
31:4	ϫⲉϩⲙⲡⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲙⲛⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲁⲧⲉⲕϭⲓϫ ϩⲣⲟϣ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲓ ⲁⲓⲕⲧⲟⲓ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲗⲁⲓⲡⲱⲣⲓⲁ ϩⲙⲡⲧⲣⲁⲧⲱⲗⲥ ⲛⲑⲉ ⲛⲛⲓϣⲟⲛⲧⲉ ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ	ϫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉⲩϣⲏ ⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲓϫ ϩⲣⲟϣ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲓ ⲁⲓⲕⲧⲟⲓ ⲉ̀ⲟⲩⲧⲁⲗⲁⲓⲡⲱⲣⲓⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲱⲗⲥ ⲛ̀ⲫ̀ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲓϣⲟⲛⲧⲉ ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ	je xen p̀èhoou nem tevṡy atekjig hroṡ ehrai ègōi aiktoi èoutalaipōria xen p̀tratōls ǹf̀ryti ǹnaiṡonte ḋiapsalma	For day and night thy hand was heavy upon me: I became thoroughly miserable while a thorn was fastened in me. Pause.
31:5	ⲁⲓϫⲱ ⲙⲡⲁⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲙⲡⲓϩⲉⲡⲧⲁⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲁⲓϫⲟⲟⲥ ϫⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲉⲡⲁⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲉⲧϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲓ ⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲕⲱ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲧⲙⲛⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲉ ⲙⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ	ⲁⲓϫⲱ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓϩⲉⲡⲧⲁⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ⲁⲓϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁϫⲉⲡⲁⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲉⲧϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲓ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲡⲉⲧⲛⲁⲭⲱ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ⲧ̀ⲙ̀ⲛⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲉ ⲛ̀ⲡⲁϩⲏⲧ ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ	aigō ǹpanovi m̀peiheptaànomia aigos je tinajepanovi etti ouvyi èp̀ċois ouoh ǹθok petnakō èvol ǹt̀m̀ntṡafte ǹpahyt ḋiapsalma	I acknowledged my sin, and hid not mine iniquity: I said, I will confess mine iniquity to the Lord against myself; and thou forgavest the ungodliness of my heart. Pause.
31:6	ⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲁⲃ ⲛⲁϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ϩⲁⲧⲁⲓ ⲙⲡⲉⲟⲩⲟⲉⲓϣ ⲉⲧⲥⲃⲧⲱⲧ ⲡⲗⲏⲛ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲗⲩⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲙⲙⲟⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϥ ⲛⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲛ	ⲉ̀ⲣⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲁϣ̀ⲗⲏⲗ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ ϧⲁ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲥⲉⲃⲧⲱⲧ ⲡ̀ⲗⲏⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲗⲩⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲁϣⲱϥ ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲛ	èreouon niven eθouab naṡ̀lyl èrok xa θai ǹp̀·syou etsevtōt p̀lyn xen oukataklismos m̀mōou enaṡōf ǹsenahōn èrof an	Therefore shall every holy one pray to thee in a fit time: only in the deluge of many waters they shall not come nigh to him.
31:7	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲙⲁ ⲙⲡⲱⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲧⲉⲑⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ ⲥⲟⲧⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛⲛⲉⲧϩⲙⲡⲁⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲁⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲫⲱⲧ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧ̀ⲑ̀ⲗⲓⲯⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲓ ⲡⲁⲑⲉⲗⲏⲗ ⲥⲟⲧⲧ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲕⲱϯ ⲇⲓⲁⲯⲁⲗⲙⲁ	ǹθok pe pama ǹfōt èvol xen t̀θ̀lipsis etkōti èroi paθelyl sott èvol xen netxen pakōti ḋiapsalma	Thou art my refuge from the affliction that encompasses me; my joy, to deliver me from them that have compassed me. Pause.
31:8	ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲕ ⲉⲧⲉϩⲓⲏ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲛϩⲏⲧⲥ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁϫⲣⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲕ	ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲧⲥⲁⲃⲟⲕ ⲉ̀ⲫ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲃⲱⲕ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲥ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁϫⲣⲉⲛⲁⲃⲁⲗ ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ̀ϫⲱⲕ	tinatamok ǹtatsavok èf̀mōit etknavōk ǹxyts tinatagrenaval ehrai ègōk
31:9	ⲙⲡⲣⲣⲑⲉ ⲛⲛⲓϩⲧⲟ ⲙⲛⲛⲓⲙⲁⲥⲡⲟⲣⲕ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲛⲧⲟⲩⲙⲛⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲥⲱⲕ ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲟⲟϭⲉ ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲉϩⲱⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲁⲛ ϩⲛⲟⲩⲭⲁⲗⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲛⲟⲩϣⲧⲟϥ	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲣⲧϩⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲓϩⲧⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲁⲓⲫⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲙⲙⲟⲛⲧⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧⲥⲁⲃⲉ ⲥⲱⲕ ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲟϭⲉ ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛ̀ⲥⲉϩⲱⲛ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲕ ⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲭⲁⲗⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩϣⲧⲟϥ	m̀perrt·he ǹnaihto nem naifoh ète mmontoumetsave sōk ǹnouooċe ǹneteǹsehōn èrok an xen ouxalinos nem ouṡtof	Be ye not as horse and mule, which have no understanding; but thou must constrain their jaws with bit and curb, lest they should come nigh to thee.
31:10	ϩⲁϩ ⲛⲉ ⲙⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲝ ⲙⲡⲣⲉϥⲣⲛⲟⲃⲉ ⲡⲛⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲕⲱⲧⲉ ⲉⲛⲉⲧϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲍⲉ ⲉⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ	ϩⲁϩ ⲛⲉ ⲛ̀ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲓⲝ ⲛ̀ⲡ̀ⲣⲉϥⲉⲣⲛⲟⲃⲓ ⲡ̀ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲕⲱϯ ⲉ̀ⲛⲉⲧϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲍⲉ ⲉ̀ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ	hah ne ǹmastiks ǹp̀refernovi p̀nevma ḋe nakōti ènet·helpize èp̀ċois	Many are the scourges of the sinner: but him that hopes in the Lord mercy shall compass about.
31:11	ⲛⲇⲓⲕⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ⲉϫⲙⲡϫⲟⲉⲓⲥ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲉⲗⲏⲗ ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲙⲙⲱⲧⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲧⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ϩⲙⲡⲉⲩϩⲏⲧ	ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲉⲩⲫⲣⲁⲛⲉ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ ⲡ̀ϭⲟⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲑⲉⲗⲏⲗ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲧⲏⲣⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲧⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ	ǹḋikeos evfrane èjen p̀ċois ǹtetenθelyl ǹtetenṡouṡou m̀mōten tyrten netsoutōn xen pouhyt	Be glad in the Lord, and exult, ye righteous: and glory, all ye that are upright in heart.

Provenance

title: Psalms 31
dialect: sahidic
source: Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 19_Psalms_031
licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Psalms 31 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_031, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/031.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt
title: Psalms 31 — Cairene
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 031.sahidic.scriptorium.L0.txt (Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 19_Psalms_031)
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Psalms 31 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_031, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/sahidic_to_cairene.py (route D, C3a 2026-09-24; tier b, ROUTE-2 2026-09-26) then tools/cairene.py from_witness dialect=bohairic on the intermediate (L1 = Cairene(N_B(D(N_S(L0)))), RI-038; word division church); Sahidic N stage counts: abbrev=1 abbrev_unstroked=1 th_resolved=2 tokens=117
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/031.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
title: Psalms 31 — Kemetic
dialect: bohairic
source: generated from 031.sahidic.scriptorium.L1.txt
licence: CC BY-SA 4.0
share: attribution
attribution: Psalms 31 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_031, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.
annotation: segmentation automatic · tagging automatic · parsing automatic (SCRIPTORIUM meta.json; document version 6.1.0, 2025-06-30)
generated by: tools/coptic_to_kemetic.py convert() on the L1 text (letter rules of DECISIONS.md 2026-09-08)
file: Bible/Old Testament/Psalms/031.sahidic.scriptorium.L2.txt
what it is: DRAFT English. Not a published translation: `existing` rows quote an aligned translation named in `basis`; `llm` rows are a language-model best guess from the dictionary gloss and context (Yousef asked for them, 2026-09-27; to be corrected later); check the source text before relying on any of it.
lines: 10 quoted · 0 quoted with the alignment not cross-checked · 0 model drafts (marked “draft”)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 31:1 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_031, verse 31:1, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · agrees with the number) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 31:2 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_031, verse 31:2, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 31:3 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_031, verse 31:3, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 31:4 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_031, verse 31:4, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 31:5 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_031, verse 31:5, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: Brenton's Septuagint (1851), Psalms 31:6 — Coptic SCRIPTORIUM sahidic.ot, 19_Psalms_031, verse 31:6, re-aligned by content (PSALTER): SCRIPTORIUM attaches its Psalter English by verse number, where its Coptic divides the verses otherwise (translation/psalter_alignment.tsv: aligned · both releases) (1 lines)
quoted from: and 4 further credits

Cite as:

Psalms 31. Coptic SCRIPTORIUM corpus "sahidic.ot", document 19_Psalms_031. Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/bible/old-testament/psalms/031.sahidic.scriptorium/. Psalms 31 from Coptic SCRIPTORIUM (https://copticscriptorium.org), corpus sahidic.ot, document 19_Psalms_031, version 6.1.0 (2025-06-30), annotations by Frank Feder, So Miyagawa, Elizabeth Platte, Caroline T. Schroeder, Amir Zeldes; source edition Crosswire, CoptOT. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. CoptOT / Göttingen Digital Edition of the Coptic Old Testament, via Crosswire; English translation Brenton 1851 (ebible.org). Layers L1/L2 are modified: re-spelled (Cairene) / transliterated (Kemetic) by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

What the layers are

L0 witness
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.

L0.5 transliteration
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).

L1 Cairene
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.

L2 Kemetic
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.

English
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.