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share: attributionmixedSource: Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon v1.2 (2020-07-16), TEI file corpus/incoming/kellia-dictionary/dictionary-master/xml/Comprehensive_Coptic_Lexicon-v1.2-2020.xml, entries beginning with the letter ⲓ (43 of 43); rendered by tools/build_repository.kellia_entries()
Attribution: Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon: Including Loanwords from Ancient Greek, edition v1.2 (2020-07-16), by Dylan Michael Burns, Frank Feder, Katrin John and Maxim Kupreyev, ed. Akademienvorhaben "Strukturen und Transformationen des Wortschatzes der ägyptischen Sprache", Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and Database and Dictionary of Greek Loanwords in Coptic, Ägyptologisches Seminar, Freie Universität Berlin; distributed by Freie Universität Berlin, DOI 10.17169/refubium-27566, via the KELLIA Coptic Dictionary Online (https://github.com/KELLIA/dictionary, https://coptic-dictionary.org). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Rendered from the TEI XML as plain text by tools/build_repository.py; no entry changed.
Licence: CC-BY-SA 4.0 — lexicon data CC BY-SA 4.0 (repository README line 5 and the TEI header's own <availability>: "Licence for this TEI document: Creative Commons, Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"); the interface code is Apache 2.0 and is not filed. No LICENSE file exists in the repository (read 2026-09-10, corpus/incoming/kellia-dictionary/README.md)
The text
208 lines · a line number is a link to itself| ref | L0 witness |
|---|---|
| C393 | ⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲃⲱⲕ [B] |
| 2 | form CF1640 form B ⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲃⲱⲕ Vb. Kompositverb |
| 3 | sense CS440 de versklaven | en enslave | fr esclavager [CD 30b; KoptHWB 22] |
| C824 | ⲓ︤ [B] |
| 5 | form CF2988 form B ⲓ︤ Zahlzeichen neunter Buchstabe des Alphabeths ⲓⲱⲧⲁ |
| 6 | form CF2989 form F ⲓ︤ Zahlzeichen neunter Buchstabe des Alphabeths ⲓⲱⲧⲁ |
| 7 | form CF2990 form S ⲓ︤ Zahlzeichen selten neunter Buchstabe des Alphabeths ⲓⲱⲧⲁ |
| 8 | sense CS974 de Zehn | en ten | fr dix [CD 70a; KoptHWb 47; DELC 59; ChLCS 13a] |
| C11278 | ⲓ [S] Suffixpronomen 1. Pers. sg. |
| 10 | form CF31630 form S ⲓ |
| 11 | form CF31631 form S ⲧ |
| 12 | sense CS975 de ich, mich, mein | en I, me, my | fr moi, moi, mon [LCG 68; Till D 26] |
| C832 | ⲓ (ⲉϩⲣⲉⲛ-) [B] Vb. ⲉϩⲣⲉⲛ- |
| 14 | form CF3006 compound B ⲓ (ⲉϩⲣⲉⲛ-) |
| 15 | sense CS983 de auf etw. stoßen, jmd. treffen | en come against, to meet | fr tomber sur, rencontrer [CD 70b] |
| C839 | ⲓ (ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ-) [B] Vb. ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ- |
| 17 | form CF3020 compound B ⲓ (ϩⲓϫⲉⲛ-) |
| 18 | sense CS990 de herankommen an | en come up to, upon | fr s'approcher de [CD 71a] |
| C846 | ⲓ (ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ) [B] Vb. ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ |
| 20 | form CF3034 compound B ⲓ (ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ) |
| 21 | sense CS998 de hinaufkommen, -gehen | en come, go up | fr monter [CD 72a] |
| C894 | ⲓⲉⲗⲗⲉ [S] Subst. m. |
| 23 | form CF3130 form S ⲓⲉⲗⲗⲉ |
| 24 | sense CS1050 de Glanz, Licht | en brightness, light | fr lumière, clarté, éclat [CD 77a; KoptHWb 49; ChLCS 13b] |
| C919 | ⲓⲛⲓ (ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ) [B] Vb. ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ |
| 26 | form CF3181 compound B ⲓⲛⲓ (ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ) |
| 27 | sense CS1076 de hinaufbringen, erheben, aufziehen | en bring, raise up | fr élever, faire monter [CD 79b; KoptHWb 50] |
| C988 | ⲓⲱⲥ [B] Vb. |
| 29 | form CF3325 form B ⲓⲱⲥ |
| 30 | form CF3326 form F ⲓⲱⲥ |
| 31 | form CF3327 form L ⲓⲱⲥ |
| 32 | sense CS1148 de eilen, hasten | en hasten, be urgent | fr hâter, se précipiter, se dépêcher, devenir urgent [CD 86a; KoptHWb 52; ChLCS 14b] |
| C989 | ⲓⲱⲥ (ⲛ-) [B] Vb. |
| 34 | form CF3329 form B ⲓⲱⲥ (ⲛ-) |
| 35 | form CF31647 form B ⲓⲱⲥ (ⲙⲙⲟ⸗) |
| 36 | form CF3330 form F ⲓⲱⲥ (ⲛ-) |
| 37 | form CF31648 form F ⲓⲱⲥ (ⲙⲙⲟ⸗) |
| 38 | form CF3331 form L ⲓⲱⲥ (ⲛ-) |
| 39 | form CF31649 form L ⲓⲱⲥ (ⲙⲙⲟ⸗) |
| 40 | sense CS1149 de sich (be)eilen | en hasten, be urgent (refl. meaning) | fr se hâter, se précipiter, se dépêcher [CD 86a; KoptHWb 52; ChLCS 14b] |
| C991 | ⲓⲱⲥ [B] Subst. m. |
| 42 | form CF3335 form B ⲓⲱⲥ |
| 43 | form CF3336 form B ⲓⲏⲥ |
| 44 | sense CS1151 de Eile, Eifer | en speed, diligence | fr hâte, empressement, diligence [CD 86b; KoptHWb 52; ChLCS 14b] |
| C1009 | ⲓϣ [S] Subst. f. |
| 46 | form CF3372 form S ⲓϣ |
| 47 | sense CS1170 de Urin | en urine | fr urine [CD 88ab; KoptHWb 53; ChLCS 15a] |
| C1014 | ⲓϣⲓ (ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ) [B] Vb. ⲉⲡⲱϣⲓ |
| 49 | form CF3382 compound B ⲓϣⲓ (ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ) |
| 50 | sense CS1175 de (etw.) (auf)hängen | en hang up | fr suspendre [CD 88b] |
| C1026 | ⲓϣⲧ [S] Subst. |
| 52 | form CF3406 form S ⲓϣⲧ |
| 53 | sense CS1187 de Bedeutung unbekannt | en meaning unknown | fr sens inconnu [CD 89a] |
| C1028 | ⲓϧ [B] Subst. m. |
| 55 | form CF3410 form B ⲓϧ |
| 56 | form CF3411 form L ⲓϩ |
| 57 | form CF3412 form Ak ⲁϧ |
| 58 | sense CS1189 de Dämon | en demon | fr démon [CD 89ab; CED 50; KoptHWb 54; DELC 69] |
| C1260 | ⲓⲁϩ ⲛⲕⲛⲧⲉ [S] Subst. |
| 60 | form CF3925 form S ⲓⲁϩ ⲛⲕⲛⲧⲉ |
| 61 | sense CS1459 de Feigengarten | en fig-garden | fr jardin de figues [CD 112b] |
| C2274 | ⲓⲣⲓ ⲙϣⲓϣ [B] Vb. Kompositverb |
| 63 | form CF6277 form B ⲓⲣⲓ ⲙϣⲓϣ |
| 64 | form CF6278 form B ⲉⲣⲡⲙϣⲓϣ |
| 65 | sense CS2622 de Rache nehmen für, vergelten | en do vengeance for, requite | fr prendre vengeance [CD 207b] |
| C3190 | ⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ [B] Vb. Kompositverb |
| 67 | form CF8265 form B ⲓⲣⲓ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ |
| 68 | sense CS3645 de handeln gemäß, in einer Art/Weise sein, sein wie | en be in manner, likeness, be as | fr être comme, d'une (certaine) manière [CD 305a] |
| C4215 | ⲓⲛⲧⲱⲕ [S] Subst. m. |
| 70 | form CF10377 form S ⲓⲛⲧⲱⲕ |
| 71 | sense CS4781 de Ofen | en oven | fr four [CD 404b; CED 184; KoptHWb 50; DELC 64a; ChLCS 14a, 57b] |
| C5633 | ⲓϥⲧ [S] Subst. m. |
| 73 | form CF31944 form S ⲉⲓϥⲧ |
| 74 | form CF31945 form S ⲓϥⲧ |
| 75 | form CF13242 form S (ⲉ)ⲓϥⲧ |
| 76 | sense CS6305 de Nagel, Spitze | en nail, spike | fr clou, pointe [CD 536b; CDC 82a; CED 232; KoptHWb 53, 297; DELC 252a; ChLCS 73b] |
| C6158 | ⲓⲣⲓϣⲱⲟⲩϣⲓ [B] Vb. |
| 78 | form CF14323 form B ⲓⲣⲓϣⲱⲟⲩϣⲓ |
| 79 | form CF14324 form B ⲉⲣϣⲱⲟⲩϣⲓ |
| 80 | sense CS6845 de opfern | en make sacrifice | fr faire sacrifice [CD 603b] |
| C7404 | ⲓⲟϩⲓ ⲛϫⲱⲓⲧ [B] Subst. |
| 82 | form CF16867 form B ⲓⲟϩⲓ ⲛϫⲱⲓⲧ |
| 83 | sense CS8191 de Ölbaumgarten | en olive garden | fr jardin de olivier [CD 791a] |
| C9202 | ⲓⲁⲥⲡⲓⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 85 | form CF22970 form S ⲉⲓⲁⲥⲡⲓⲥ |
| 86 | form CF22971 form S ⲓⲁⲥⲡⲓⲥ |
| 87 | sense CS11452 en jasper [DDGLC] |
| 88 | sense CS11453 en jasper (attributive) [DDGLC] |
| C9203 | ⲓⲃⲉⲣⲟⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 90 | form CF22973 form S ⲓⲃⲉⲣⲟⲥ |
| 91 | sense CS11454 en Iberian (i.e. Georgian) [DDGLC] |
| C9204 | ⲓⲇⲟⲩⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 93 | form CF22975 form S ⲓⲇⲟⲩⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ |
| 94 | sense CS11455 en Edomite [DDGLC] |
| C9205 | ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 96 | form CF22977 form A ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ |
| 97 | form CF22978 form M ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ |
| 98 | form CF22979 form S ⲓⲉⲃⲟⲩⲥⲁⲓⲟⲥ |
| 99 | sense CS11456 en Jebusite, inhabitant of Jebus (Jerusalem) [DDGLC] |
| C9206 | ⲓⲉⲣⲁϯⲕⲟⲛ [-] Subst. |
| 101 | form CF22981 form ? ⲓⲉⲣⲁϯⲕⲟⲛ |
| 102 | form CF22982 form S ⲓⲉⲉⲣⲁϯⲕⲟⲛ |
| 103 | sense CS11457 en old, dignified (attributive) [DDGLC] |
| C9207 | ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 105 | form CF22984 form S ϩⲓⲉⲣⲟⲩⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ |
| 106 | form CF22985 form S ϩⲓⲉⲣⲟⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ |
| 107 | form CF22986 form B ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲯⲁⲗⲧⲏⲥ |
| 108 | sense CS11458 en Psalmist (epithet of King David) [DDGLC] |
| C9208 | ⲓⲕⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 110 | form CF22988 form S ⲉⲓⲕⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ |
| 111 | form CF22989 form A ⲓⲕⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ |
| 112 | form CF22990 form S ⲓⲕⲧⲉⲣⲟⲥ |
| 113 | sense CS11459 en rust, jaundice (attributive) [DDGLC] |
| C9209 | ⲓⲗⲗⲟⲩⲥⲧⲣⳇ [-] Subst. |
| 115 | form CF22992 form S ⲓⲗⲗⲟⲩⲥⲧⲣⳇ |
| 116 | sense CS11460 en illustrious one (lat. illustris) (substantive; re: honorific title) [DDGLC] |
| C9210 | ⲓⲛⲇⲟⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 118 | form CF22994 form S ϩⲛⲧⲟⲩ |
| 119 | form CF22995 form S ⲓⲛⲇⲟⲥ |
| 120 | sense CS11461 en Indian [DDGLC] |
| C9211 | ⲓⲟⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 122 | form CF22997 form S ϩⲓⲟⲥ |
| 123 | form CF22998 form S ϩⲓⲱⲥ |
| 124 | form CF22999 form S ⲓⲟⲥ |
| 125 | form CF23000 form S ⲓⲱⲥ |
| 126 | sense CS11462 en copper rust [DDGLC] |
| C9212 | ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓⲟⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 128 | form CF23002 form S ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓⲟⲥ |
| 129 | sense CS11463 en Jew (substantive) [DDGLC] |
| C9213 | ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ [-] Subst. |
| 131 | form CF23004 form S ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲇⲉⲓ |
| 132 | form CF23005 form L ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁⲉⲓ |
| 133 | form CF23006 form M ⲓⲟⲇⲁⲓ |
| 134 | form CF23007 form S ⲓⲟⲇⲁⲓ |
| 135 | form CF23008 form L ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲉⲓ |
| 136 | form CF23009 form B ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ |
| 137 | form CF23010 form M ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ |
| 138 | form CF23011 form A ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ |
| 139 | form CF23012 form S ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ |
| 140 | form CF23013 form S ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓⲉ |
| 141 | form CF23014 form M ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓⲉⲓ |
| 142 | form CF23015 form M ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓⲟⲥ |
| 143 | form CF23016 form S ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲉⲓ |
| 144 | form CF23017 form W ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲉⲓ |
| 145 | form CF23018 form M ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲉⲓ |
| 146 | form CF23019 form B ⲓⲟⲩⲓⲇⲁⲓ |
| 147 | form CF23020 form L ⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁⲉⲓ |
| 148 | form CF23021 form S ⲓⲟⲩⲧⲁⲓ |
| 149 | form CF23022 form A ⲟⲓⲇⲁⲉⲓ |
| 150 | form CF23023 form A ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲉⲓ |
| 151 | form CF23024 form B ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ |
| 152 | form CF23025 form A ⲟⲩⲓⲇⲁⲉⲓ |
| 153 | form CF23026 form B ⲟⲩⲓⲇⲁⲓ |
| 154 | sense CS11464 en Jew (substantive) [DDGLC] |
| 155 | sense CS11465 en Jewish (attributive) [DDGLC] |
| 156 | sense CS11466 en Jewish (inverted attributive, nominal referent) [DDGLC] |
| C9214 | ⲓⲟⲩ [-] Subst. |
| 158 | form CF23028 form S ⲓⲟⲩ |
| 159 | sense CS11467 en copper rust [DDGLC] |
| C9215 | ⲓⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 161 | form CF23030 form S ⲉⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ |
| 162 | form CF23031 form M ⲉⲥⲭⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ |
| 163 | form CF23032 form F ⲓⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ |
| 164 | form CF23033 form A ⲓⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ |
| 165 | form CF23034 form B ⲓⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ |
| 166 | form CF23035 form L ⲓⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ |
| 167 | form CF23036 form M ⲓⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ |
| 168 | form CF23037 form S ⲓⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ |
| 169 | form CF23038 form W ⲓⲥⲕⲁⲣⲓⲱⲧⲏⲥ |
| 170 | sense CS11468 en Iskariot (surname of the Apostle Judas and his father) [DDGLC] |
| C9216 | ⲓⲥⲙⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 172 | form CF23040 form M ⲓⲥⲙⲁⲉⲓⲗⲉⲓⲧⲏⲥ |
| 173 | form CF23041 form B ⲓⲥⲙⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ |
| 174 | form CF23042 form B ⲥⲙⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ |
| 175 | sense CS11469 en Ishmaelite [DDGLC] |
| 176 | sense CS11470 en Ishmaelite (attributive) [DDGLC] |
| C9217 | ⲓⲥⲟⲧⲩⲡⲟⲛ [-] Subst. |
| 178 | form CF23044 form S ϩⲓⲥⲟⲧⲩⲡⲟⲛ |
| 179 | form CF23045 form S ⲓⲥⲟⲧⲩⲡⲟⲛ |
| 180 | sense CS11471 en identical, duplicate (of two copies of the same document) (attributive) [DDGLC] |
| C9218 | ⲓⲥⲣⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 182 | form CF23047 form M ⲓⲥⲣⲁⲉⲓⲗⲉⲓⲧⲏⲥ |
| 183 | form CF23048 form S ⲓⲥⲣⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ |
| 184 | form CF23049 form B ⲓⲥⲣⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ |
| 185 | form CF23050 form M ⲓⲥⲣⲁⲏⲗⲓⲧⲏⲥ |
| 186 | sense CS11472 en Israelite [DDGLC] |
| 187 | sense CS11473 en Israelite (attributive) [DDGLC] |
| C9219 | ⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ [-] Subst. |
| 189 | form CF23052 form S ϣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ |
| 190 | form CF23053 form S ϩⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ |
| 191 | form CF23054 form S ϩⲓⲥⲧⲱⲣⲓⲁ |
| 192 | form CF23055 form S ⲑⲓⲥⲧⲱⲣⲓⲁ |
| 193 | form CF23056 form S ⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ |
| 194 | sense CS11474 en account, story, explanation [DDGLC] |
| 195 | sense CS11475 en history (the historical books of the Old Testament) [DDGLC] |
| C9220 | ⲓⲭⲛⲟⲥ [-] Subst. |
| 197 | form CF23058 form S ⲉⲓⲭⲛⲟⲥ |
| 198 | form CF23059 form S ⲓⲭⲛⲟⲥ |
| 199 | sense CS11476 en (foot)print [DDGLC] |
| 200 | sense CS11477 en hint, suggestion [DDGLC] |
| 201 | sense CS11478 en hint, trace (of the transcendent) [DDGLC] |
| C9221 | ⲓⲱⲧⲁ [-] Subst. |
| 203 | form CF23061 form S ⲓⲱⲧⲁ |
| 204 | form CF23062 form M ⲓⲱⲧⲁ |
| 205 | sense CS11479 en iota (9th letter of the Greek alphabet) [DDGLC] |
| C9222 | ⲓⲥⲟⲯⲩⲭⲟⲛ [-] Subst. |
| 207 | form CF23064 form S ⲓⲥⲟⲯⲩⲭⲟⲛ |
| 208 | sense CS11480 en of like (mind and) soul [DDGLC] |
Provenance
- title
- KELLIA Coptic Dictionary Online v1.2 — ⲓ
- dialect
- mixed
- source
- Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon v1.2 (2020-07-16), TEI file corpus/incoming/kellia-dictionary/dictionary-master/xml/Comprehensive_Coptic_Lexicon-v1.2-2020.xml, entries beginning with the letter ⲓ (43 of 43); rendered by tools/build_repository.kellia_entries()
- licence
- CC-BY-SA 4.0 — lexicon data CC BY-SA 4.0 (repository README line 5 and the TEI header's own <availability>: "Licence for this TEI document: Creative Commons, Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"); the interface code is Apache 2.0 and is not filed. No LICENSE file exists in the repository (read 2026-09-10, corpus/incoming/kellia-dictionary/README.md)
- share
- attribution
- attribution
- Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon: Including Loanwords from Ancient Greek, edition v1.2 (2020-07-16), by Dylan Michael Burns, Frank Feder, Katrin John and Maxim Kupreyev, ed. Akademienvorhaben "Strukturen und Transformationen des Wortschatzes der ägyptischen Sprache", Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and Database and Dictionary of Greek Loanwords in Coptic, Ägyptologisches Seminar, Freie Universität Berlin; distributed by Freie Universität Berlin, DOI 10.17169/refubium-27566, via the KELLIA Coptic Dictionary Online (https://github.com/KELLIA/dictionary, https://coptic-dictionary.org). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Rendered from the TEI XML as plain text by tools/build_repository.py; no entry changed.
- file
- Reference/Dictionaries/KELLIA Coptic Dictionary Online v1.2/ⲓ.mixed.kellia.L0.txt
L0 witness
Cite as:
KELLIA Coptic Dictionary Online v1.2 — ⲓ. Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon v1.2 (2020-07-16), TEI file corpus/incoming/kellia-dictionary/dictionary-master/xml/Comprehensive_Coptic_Lexicon-v1.2-2020.xml, entries beginning with the letter ⲓ (43 of 43); rendered by tools/build_repository.kellia_entries(). Layers as published by the Kemetic project (Yousef Hanna), 2026: Coptic · Cairene · Kemetic, /doc/reference/dictionaries/kellia-coptic-dictionary-online-v1.2/mixed.kellia-7bb559/. Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon: Including Loanwords from Ancient Greek, edition v1.2 (2020-07-16), by Dylan Michael Burns, Frank Feder, Katrin John and Maxim Kupreyev, ed. Akademienvorhaben "Strukturen und Transformationen des Wortschatzes der ägyptischen Sprache", Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and Database and Dictionary of Greek Loanwords in Coptic, Ägyptologisches Seminar, Freie Universität Berlin; distributed by Freie Universität Berlin, DOI 10.17169/refubium-27566, via the KELLIA Coptic Dictionary Online (https://github.com/KELLIA/dictionary, https://coptic-dictionary.org). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); this derivative is released under the same licence. Rendered from the TEI XML as plain text by tools/build_repository.py; no entry changed.
What the layers are
The text as its witness or edition has it, original spelling; its dialect is a description and is never standardized.
For Egyptian texts: the transliteration with the editors' marks turned into the symbols ° * < > _ ^ (ruled 2026-09-10). For papyri: the edition's Leiden marks as the same symbols, and the editors' readings beside the scribe's as ‹scribe→editors› (ruled PAP-3).
Standardized Greco-Bohairic spelling and grammar, generated by code from the layer above under the rulings of the project.
The Kemetic alphabet, generated by code from L1.
Quoted translations where they exist, credited; otherwise model drafts, marked as drafts.