Blochet – Moufazzal ibn Abil-Fazaïl, Histoire des sultans mamlouks (in Patrologia Orientalis tome 12) — archive.org text layer

History/Historians – Christian Egypt · al-Mufaḍḍal ibn Abī l-Faḍāʾil — al-Nahj al-sadīd wa-l-durr al-farīd (Histoire des sultans mamlouks) · none · L0 witness

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Attribution: Blochet – Moufazzal ibn Abil-Fazaïl, Histoire des sultans mamlouks (in Patrologia Orientalis tome 12); public domain in Canada (death year verified: Blochet d.1937 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3719079 d. 1937-09-05); other fascicles of the volume not checked — staged at corpus/incoming/histories/historians/mufaddal-sultans-mamlouks/patrologiaorient12pariuoft.pdf from https://archive.org/details/patrologiaorient12pariuoft (HIST-1, 2026-09-29)); OCR text by the Kemetic project, Yousef Hanna 2026.

Licence: public domain in Canada (author died ≤ 1971, verified; LICENCES.md §7) — US position (recorded, does not gate the class; PD-CA 2026-09-26): US: fascicle year not read

Jurisdiction note: this text is public domain under Canadian law (the project is published from Canada; LICENCES.md §7: author died in or before 1971). It may still be in copyright elsewhere — in countries with a life + 70 term, or where a later edition claims its own rights. The licence line above says what was verified. If you are outside Canada, check your own law before re-using it.

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The text — part 2 of 6

32,538 lines · a line number is a link to itself
refL0 witness
p. 206
37606III
37607L 6 r b.
37608M21 V b
37609194
37610LETTERS OF SEVEHUS.
37611[22]
37612)la.^,.^ ^ «;o/
37613jojjz .^J» .Mt—QjLioo
37614.V-=Li>. ,)W, -mti V^
37615J,oi
37616^.io
37617•
37618tcaxAn
37619.^cuiincvjajrcr
37620iioi-n j£miT\ r^^\
37621:\\jr^ ^73 aal»
376221*
37623' ) *
37624. *£> scooV^S
37625)e*S>» ^a—'»
37626JLaS>;
37627-61 Ut-^J
37628K_V*'
37629*»
37630IV
37631G
3763225
37633v"
37634L Hl v b.
37635'
37636x
37637•:-^lo— o; «^
37638Joo«
37639K-./
37640lU-^cc ^t^o
37641JLsa-»
37642Jl a^
37643•:-JjLDot
37644i-io/
37645..|_»jaoo/i
37646ql^o
37647|jxioq.x
37648.-otoK../
376491. M om. —
376502. Mss.
37651IU.
37652to
37653have been well
37654stated.
37655Know that the religious deacon Anatolius'
37656lias
37657abandoned
37658tliis opinion, and, though
37659late, lias thanked us.
37660III.
37661Ol-
37662THE
37663SAME
37664FROM
37665TUE
376665"'
37667LETTER
37668TO
37669OeCUMENIUS,
37670WHICH
37671BEGINS,
37672« When
37673I
37674read
37675the
37676letter
37677addressed
37678to
37679the God-loving
37680Peter
37681the
37682presbyter
376832
37684»•
37685513-8.
37686It
37687is
37688not
37689confessing
37690the
37691particularity
37692of
37693the
37694natures
37695from
37696which
37697Emmanuel comes
37698that we
37699avoid,
37700so long as \ve maintain the unity without
37701confusion
37702(the particularity
37703is that which
37704is
37705expressed
37706in
37707natural characte-
37708ristics),
37709but
37710distributing
37711and
37712dividing
37713the
37714properties
37715to
37716each
37717of
37718the
37719natures
377203
37721.
37722IV.
37723Ol'
37724THE
37725SAME FROM
37726THE
37727LETTER
37728TO
37729SlMUS
37730THE
37731SC HIN
37732I Aldis, WHICH
37733begins,
37734« Unless
37735I had some
37736great affection
37737for
37738vorn-
37739illustriousness
37740».
37741513-8T).
37742[After
37743first
37744citing
37745the passage
37746of Basil
37747which
37748says,
37749«
37750'Unbegotten'
37751is
37752a
37753characteristic
37754of
37755a form
37756of
37757being,
37758not
37759of
37760essence
377614
37762»',
37763he speaks
37764as
377651.
37766S.
37767L.,
37768p.
3776938(?). —2.
37770S.
37771L., p.lljperhaps Severus' brother (id., p. 150).—
37772:t. A Greek fragment of
37773a letler
37774to Oecumeniusis preserved
37775in Mansi, X,
377761116. —
37777i.
37778oiaiat. —
37779'>.
37780P.
37781G., XXIX,
37782680.
p. 207
37783[231
37784v
37785- — T0 EUSEBIUS.
37786L95
37787Jfcou^> jlaJ^^l;
37788-.)i.Oii5/ v-^
37789op?/
37790-V*°l W?
37791'l-^-f
37792J^ooJLfl^
37793.Jjjoi
37794voouio;
37795jfcOiJ.
37796),v>cui>
37797,öj-K-/;
37798«6« -r-^3 ? Jk—^o
37799J-^üoo/
37800|t-*io
37801c*..k-./ »G24fa.
37802^*>«
37803\
37804G
3780530 r
37806b.
37807yWJ
37808*-^=> «^
37809Käs«/ p
37810cax*n^
37811\ rdjx.&jaalciAJOo
37812Ns^io
37813JIcuULcojl^
37814J-_coo/; -.pojj oolo .Jj^i^OO}
37815-öl laS>
37816JIJLl
37817,J.*oto
37818jj/
37819|.A)oa.i
37820wie ^>-^>
37821-.).
37822i,
37823» io w-;
37824JKI-
37825.JIo^jKjl^o
37826>r_»;
37827)~^oo.jlo .L^aJuio
37828I. G
37829sine. — 2.
37830f. sing. — 3.
37831T.c-.=. — i.
37832(
37833; U*>> —
378345. Here begins an exlrael
37835in
378361
378371 23
37838\
37839b and
37840I.
37841106 v"
378421).
37843follows]'.
37844But,
37845ii' we interpret the saying
37846rightly from the
37847clear teachings
37848ofthe saints and of the other fathers, the meaning hecomes piain, and tliere
37849is
37850nothing contradictory or
37851dillicalt
37852in
37853it
37854:
37855for
37856'being'
37857liere
37858expresses
37859the
37860(listinet
37861hypostasis
37862of
37863the
37864Father.
37865For
37866the
37867fathers
37868said
37869that
37870the
37871Holy
37872Trinity exists both
37873in one essence
378742
37875, and in the being of each, that
37876is, three
37877hypostases,
37878existing severally,
37879of
37880the Father, the Son, and the Holy
37881Spirit.
37882V. — Of tue
37883holy Severus, from tue letter to
37884Eusebitjs tue
37885sciiolastic,
37886\v
37887i
37888i
37889c
37890i i
37891begins,
37892«
37893Sincc you have
37894raised
37895objeetion
37896against me through
37897your letter
37898».
37899But now also we will come to what
37900is required, and, we will again say,
37901513-8 (V
37902that
37903'essence'
379042
37905signifies
37906a
37907generality, and
37908'hypostasis'
37909a particularity,
37910but
37911'being' and 'nature' introduce sometimes a general
37912signification,
37913soinetiraes
37914a partial or particular one.
37915This
37916is staled on aeconnt ofthe varying use that
37917is found in the holy fathers
37918:
37919for you knew both that
37920essence'
379212 is sometimes
37922employed in the particular signification of
37923' hypostasis
37924', and occasionally also
379251.
37926I place this and the two following letters during episcopaey, because
37927thej
37928<leal willi the deflnition
37929ol
37930'essence',
37931\\ liicli
37932is also diseussed in ep.
379332. Epp.
379347-9
37935naturalis
37936go with ep.
379376.
379382.
37939oOffia.
37940patr.
37941or. — t. xn. —
37942f.
379432.
3794414
p. 208
37945VI
37946(',11 v
37947196
37948LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
37949[24J
37950d-JO)
37951^-./i
37952jb.tOOJL.2
37953)iOi-"S.^iC>
37954"^.oJ^.jLiO;
37955»..»•>
37956|
37957l^£Oo{
37958tSL^t,
37959) Nrtf>
37960I nn
37961•:J_^.iQ_CD
37962OCX
37963^-iONJ
37964t-3
37965COjTCVXjT»
37966.Jooqjloo
37967\^£ßol ^A,io .-•poji/
37968K^j-aa^o
37969..Jj/
37970\ im^o;
37971y.^/
37972^.^ö ^.^oi
37973OiX^ ^.J
37974^-5>~3 .^.oKjLiO
37975(.-»..£00 /
37976>2L?Swk.
37977,^_iÖ ^^ '.K*3j
37978^-.;
37979JjsOJi
37980os/i
37981J.JL3-./
37982Jlaju/
37983Oi-\.-3..\
37984v$/
37985fS^)*Q.~|
37986^.-^-.O
37987(.x^s
37988»"^nv
37989<"-
379901^"'
37991ft
37992•.jLn.vi
37993->;
37994^_^\^-/io
37995|.jL^iio
37996:JK-~"^o
37997jloJLut
37998Jjli3 V*^ yOOl-^3 .Ol-Ko
37999.Jlj/
38000^-£>?
38001'.y,! ^f>*
38002jj-*-3
38003t-~
38004Oolo
38005.J-o-fc-l/
38006jjLkSL^ ^^-Sl^KI« V>Q
38007,
38008.,
38009->S. »'s«
380101
380111 »3 ^mj
38012^j-soi
38013^.io
38014Jjl./ .oo n\<;
38015K.^3
38016o/
38017.>xoo^.3i
38018o/
38019jK-.'/
38020v£oa\a3;
38021L-^-JDo/
38022^.2^.^
38023.'jjLOj
38024|.V>
38025I
38026-> Mlm
38027» «X
38028-J^Q.-*—»/
38029CX-^Sl^
38030^-UOtVl'tV)
38031) aooJL o s^lS.^
38032• ..
38033i .»•*>/
38034^cdq.\q3^
38035^.o\oK*l
38036U^-3 »—}
38037^»t
38038ii-/
38039.
38040i
38041. - * .An«
38042jLa.-.K.^.^K..^
38043^JL>'^/
38044|_jlo
38045,.—o
38046J..JLOOI
38047.JJLO;
38048J^cljl
38049o^QjAoo
38050J..-—J-^-<
380511. Ms. plur.
38052;
38053cf.
38054p.
3805521.
38056I.
380578.
38058'hypostasis'
38059is found employed in place of 'essence'
380601
38061.
38062For
38063tliis
38064reason we
38065decline to use such a signification as being unscientiric.
38066VI.
38067Or
38068TUE
38069IIOLY
38070SeVERUS,
38071FROM
38072THE
38073LETTER
38074TO
38075M.VR0N,
38076OF WHICH
38077tue
38078bkginning
38079is,
38080« When Naaraan
38081the
38082Syrian
38083».
38084.13-8 (?).
38085Enough has,
38086I think, been said about essence
380871 and hypostasis.
38088ßut the
38089name 'nature'
38090is sometimes taken in place of essence', sometimes in place of
38091hypostasis.
38092For
38093even
38094the
38095whole
38096of
38097mankind
38098we
38099call
38100comprehensively
38101nature', as
38102it
38103is iudeed written
38104:
38105« For
38106all natures of beasts and of birds, and
38107of reptiles and
38108of things that are
38109in
38110the water are subjeeted and
38111are made
38112subjeet to human nature
38113»
381142
38115: and again we speak of one nature in reference
38116to
38117a
38118single man,
38119Paul
38120for
38121example
38122or
38123Peter,
38124or maybe
38125James.
38126Ediere
38127therefore we name
38128all mankind one nature, we use the name
38129nature' gene-
38130rically in place of 'essence'
381311
38132; but, where we say that
38133liiere
38134is one
38135nature of
38136Paul,
38137the name
38138'nature' is employed
38139in place of 'individual hypostasis'.
38140So
381411.
38142oÜTi'a. —
381432. James, m,
381447.
p. 209
38145[25]
38146VI. - TO MARON.
38147197
38148Jjo-./
38149-.VX>U
38150tjeouaao;
38151JoCSs
38152)K.^_ioj
38153JjL*a ,—;
38154^-.;
38155,-fcoo/ ,yca\ "VJlu
38156t
38157CO
38158*>>/; JXO
38159f_«j ^O
38160Jj<H.^-^-2>0
38161. t ,..\*>j
38162^-..J^—»/ ^0 yj4 ,../
38163jl.j/^
38164o/
38165ow^~«;
38166jju^s
38167v—
38168^i
38169.
38170°>
38171fori v> p
38172jJ
38173/
38174.^-X_.
38175-,_3ö/
38176ft^acu^dl
38177o..\
38178•. r_j_.^_io/
38179)^0»
38180-> ^ai mK^O
38181J_>U^wt
38182j^fOQJl
38183>°>\.^
38184-.JL^aJ^O
38185,-J^ wj^I
38186jjL^lS mVI
38187vQJCi
38188*-•/>
38189oo*^
38190.x-*?
38191Lj»—>/
38192JofSxi
38193IbCboaV ,^pö/
38194U-^> ^ö ,—
38195,-3
38196-Jj-«J;
38197)
38198i a
38199./ ^-^öti Jlo^
38200j;ot 6vXn-\ V*^d\
38201.^o—V-^o ^°?
38202I^J*»-= ^»P°/
38203l. Ms. <^wv
38204also we
38205call the
38206Holy Trinity
38207one
38208nature, cmploying the
38209terni
38210'nature'
38211in
38212place of the general designation
38213'essence'
382141
38215;
38216as Gregory the Theologian
38217the
38218bishop of Nazianzus also said in the sermon on the Holy Pentecost
38219:
38220« Confess
38221the Trinity to he of one Godhead, my
38222friends
38223;
38224or,
38225if von like,
38226<>f <>ne nature;
38227and we will ask for you from the Spirit the expression 'God'
38228» 2
38229.
38230But, when
38231we
38232say
38233'one
38234incarnate
38235nature
38236of God
38237the Word',
38238as Athanasius
38239the prop
38240of the
38241truth and
38242the
38243apostolic
38244faith
38245said
38246in
38247the
38248books
38249on
38250the
38251Incarnation
38252of the Word
382533
38254, we use
38255nature'
38256in place of 'individual designation', denoting
38257the
38258one hypostasis of the Word
38259himself, like that
38260of Peter also or
38261of Paul.
38262orof anyother single man.
38263Wherefore also, when we say
38264one nature whi
38265h
38266became incarnate', we do not say
38267it absolutely, but bv adding 'one nature of
38268the Word himself
38269clearly
38270denote
38271the one
38272hypostasis.
38273But
38274the very
38275raen
38276who blasphemously
38277call the one Christ two natures use the name
38278nature' in
38279place of 'individual designation', saying that the Word of God
38280is one nature,
38281and the man
38282as
38283they
38284say from Mary another.
38285For they do not reach such
38286a height of fatuity as to say that they are using
38287llie name
38288natures'
38289in place
382901.
38291oüoia. —
382922.
38293Or.
38294\i.i.
38295B. —
382963. P.
38297(,.. XXVIII,
3829828.
38299II
38300>
38301I.
p. 210
38302198
38303LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
38304[201
38305)Lo-.k^\l )juj ^iö
38306,.— :)a^.K^o j^ioi
38307^.io; yo+^o y—l t^^. vj ,y»,..t,.itOfl
38308c.
3830915 r» b
38310* v° a.
38311LlOlra
38312Z130 rl)i
38313)'( m -i
38314i—^.
38315jACS^o
38316.
38317vJlj^jsL/o t«Vl|
38318I^oöjlo
38319)N»\l
38320^io
38321;ct^..bs^5 ,—
38322Jch^n
38323M25ra.
38324•:'J_^.»OjCo
38325oot
38326^io.N.j
38327^s
38328öu-o;
38329-Uoi-o
38330yoV^
38331io^; ^*"W ^° 9^*!
38332ILsl^^q.»
38333V^°)^? ^
38334J°°<
38335*°'V
38336JJ?
38337-.i--^3 ^W
38338*^°l -.^>l -^äx ^^o) p
38339jj/
38340,_^\om
38341JK^io
38342^.ch ^
38343^chj
38344. '^jl—
38345*-oKjlJ
38346JJ;
38347.'V.loiViV
38348yOOUioj
38349j-l^S;
383501. Also
38351in Y
38352(p.
38353172
38354in Assemani's
38355nolalion).
38356I have no photograph
38357of Ulis
38358page,
38359but Y's
38360(ext
38361is
38362almost identical with Z. —
383632. Here thc extracls
38364in G and L end.
38365of 'general designation',
38366I mean
38367in the samc sense
38368as essence
383691
38370:
38371i'or,
38372if the
38373IIolv Trinity
38374is one nature, and
38375all mankind one
38376nature,
38377in the same sense
38378as anything which
38379is shown to be so on
38380this principle, the Hol v Trinity will
38381he l'ound (to say averv absurd thing) to have become incarnate in all mankind,
38382that is the human race.
38383Of the same,
38384from
38385the
38386letter
38387to Mannt, which
38388begins,
38389« When Naaman
38390the Syrian
38391».
38392But the Holy Scriptures instruct
383932 us otherwise, teaching us
38394lhat God the
38395Word
38396one
38397only of the
38398three hypostases became
38399incarnate and humanized.
38400For
38401'the Word became flesh, and dwelt in us'
384028
38403.
38404Of the
38405sinne,
38406from
38407the
38408letter
38409to Maron
38410the
38411rentier,
38412which begins,
38413k When Naaman
38414the Syrian
38415».
38416But, when you hear these things,
38417you
38418will perhaps say that we oughl
38419not to have spoken of difference between the natures from which Emmanuel
38420is, lest we ourselves be found tobe repeatingandusing the same expression as
38421these proud men.
38422Accordingly, let us also refrain from confessing the union,
38423I.
38424oi«7ia. —
384252.
38426Lit.
38427'initiate', rendering tuiovai
38428or |U)oraY<">Y
38429ü<rt. —
38430:;. John,
38431i,
3843214.
p. 211
38433[27]
38434VI. — TO MARON.
38435199
38436f -^ v loAo .-^J^^i
38437\y\-x
38438*-äoi
38439f-*\
38440.-^-.-ia-auJ^-ioo
38441^Jb^L-^JSvioj
38442r
38443b.
38444^JKjüjo
38445: l^yjJiao ,— yoouio;
38446(jLiLD;
38447J.2l\^o.jl
38448j;o-M
38449^'»J
38450*s/; Kj/
38451|>—
384521. Ms.
38453Im/- —
384542. G oin. —
384553. G loi^r
38456G
38457139
38458i " b.
38459* v" a.
38460L2
38461v"
38462a.
38463M
384642i)i"
38465,i.
38466because
38467they
38468also
38469profess
38470tu
38471speak
38472of
38473a
38474union
38475which
38476consists
38477in
38478an
38479associatiou
38480of
38481honour
38482;
38483and, because
38484they
38485speak
38486of
38487two
38488natures
38489after
38490the union,
38491let us
38492also not say that the union was made from two natures,
38493rejecting even the very mention of natures,
38494like
38495silly children, who tremble
38496at terrifying alarms that are
38497fictitious and invented,
38498as
38499if they w
38500rere trutli, and
38501flee to their mothers' bosoms.
38502If on account of the blasphemies contained in
38503the opinions
38504of
38505those
38506meii
38507we
38508yield
38509t<>
38510theni
38511words
38512and
38513names
38514which
38515establisli the Iruth, together with the sound of the words the great mystery
38516of
38517religion'
38518goes
38519from
38520us.
38521But,
38522if we
38523be
38524right-minded, we
38525shall
38526both
38527religiously hohl to the words and east out the foul opinions as evil speaking.
38528Of the same, from the
38529Ictler
38530to Maron,
38531which
38532begi?is,
38533« When
38534Naaman the Syrian
38535».
38536You
38537see that we
38538rnust also
38539confess
38540tlic
38541difference
38542between
38543the natures
38544from which the one
38545Christ
38546is,
38547and avoid the
38548cuttinej
38549into two,
38550and
38551extol
38552one Son and Christ,
38553and one incarnate
38554nature
38555of God the Word.
385561.
38557I Tim.,
38558in,
3855916.
p. 212
38560VII
38561M
3856226
38563i-
38564a.
38565Q
38566IS
38567I".
38568VIII
38569N 203 v
38570IX
38571(;
38572142 r
38573l)
38574200
38575LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
38576[28]
38577miiin ,*a\Zn hol-*
38578rsf&'i^rsf ^ .rs^ardco-n
38579v^cn^a
38580hol"*
38581^.-^oi^
38582i-^o
38583JjL-a..£>öifcoo
38584JJ
38585JK^_jl-;o )KJ^jx^_3L.io
38586JJ
38587)la^-j
38588Ji*~
38589JJ/
38590)Jk2^io;
38591J_U*3 ^o
38592.-J^o«.9 t—o
38593I^oojlä
38594,—^s
38595yoojj^../
38596vooopjo
38597-.o,-^«!/;
38598•>»JSo»'
38599i
38600ffl i v>;
38601|
38602Q
38603Cs.ia.~ii.
38604VII.
38605OF
38606SeVERUS,
38607FROM
38608TIIK
38609LETTER
38610TO M\RON,
38611WIIIC1I
38612BEGINS,
38613« Wlldl
38614somc
38615time ago
38616I
38617received
38618the
38619Ietter
38620of your
38621religiousness
38622».
38623Accordingly
38624it
38625is the same thing to say that God
38626tlic Word was united
38627to
38628flesh
38629possessing
38630an
38631intellectual soul
38632in
38633nature
38634and
38635in
38636hypostasis and
38637in
38638essence'.
38639VIII. — To
38640Maron.
386415i3-8(?).
38642Perfection
38643is not found in anything by nature, except
38644in (lud
38645only.
38646IX. —
38647Ol
38648»III FATHER SeVERUS,
38649FROM
38650THE
38651LETTER
38652To
38653MaRON.
386545i3-8(?).
38655But the power of the unconfused and initial union preserved those that wn-e
38656unitod beyond the reach
38657of disturbance, and caused tlic two of them to cxist
38658in one hypostasis and
38659onc person, and one incarnate
38660nature
38661of the Word.
386622
386631.
38664oüo-i'a. —
386652. Greek
38666extracts
38667from
38668letters
38669to Maron
38670are published
38671in Cramer,
38672Cat.
38673in
38674Act.
38675Apost.,
38676p.
38677223, and
38678S. V.
38679N. C,
38680I,
38681n,
38682186.
38683>13-8
38684(?)
p. 213
38685[29]
38686X. — TO ELEUSINIUS.
38687201
38688\
38689(l
38690139
38691i
38692...
38693'Jbi Uaio ^J./,
38694Jjtau/
38695L7^b.
38696t^-o
38697:^juio^o
38698)^^aJu^oo
38699Jj^o
38700J-»t-io
38701:^_.Vt ^°?
38702°'°«
38703,.-J\i '^ooi
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38705)Kjül*3
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38707>»*/;
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38709) aX^oa
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38711ou^»* Luo
38712)..i.<. D
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38720o.oi
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38723i " rn
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38729K..J ^;
38730:
387311 La.-,..*.
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38734oou/
38735:)loi » ../;
38736Jlo^
38737. n La
38738^_»;
38739y.,.^^^0
38740:^_ÄSJbv3C»
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38745•.J^-Q- J !
38746^>'?J
38747^**
38748y-*b,
38749|;<x\
38750,6m»;
38751.JLSQJLfla »<=>/
38752>XDa-UL0Oa$S
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38755x SO J»o)^0
38756J-»-»t"ß'
38757L2v°a.
38758*J»»»
38759Ljlo^o ->—!/;
38760\-M-*\
38761*
387622
38763v
38764b.
387651.
38766In G the heading
38767is
38768: "i~Wi
38769Ua»{
38770:
38771(sie]
38772ov»»}
38773^wo^Wi
38774:
38775(sie)
38776"»a-jafioaS»,
38777loXi
38778|i.^|=o
38779isot
38780isMs ^\w
38781\si Ua»- —
387822. L M om. —
387833.
38784Hure
38785the extraot
38786in G ends.
38787X. —- Of
38788TIIK
38789HOLY
38790SeVERUS,
38791FROM
38792TIIK
38793LETTER
38794TO
38795ELEUSINIUS
38796',
38797wiiicii
38798begins,
38799« As
38800the
38801great Moses appeared
38802».
38803Where then \xe confess the one out of two, Lord and Son and Christ, and
38804516-&.
38805one incarnate nature of the Word
38806himself, \ve understand the difference as
38807it
38808were in the natural characteristics of the natures from which Christ
38809is.
38810But,
38811if we
38812speak
38813of two
38814natures
38815after
38816the
38817union,
38818which
38819necessarily
38820exist
38821in
38822singleness
38823and
38824separately,
38825as
38826if
38827divided
38828into
38829a
38830dualitv,
38831but
38832united by
38833a
38834conjunetion
38835of brotherhood
38836(if
38837\ve
38838ought
38839to
38840call
38841such
38842a
38843thing unitv),
38844the
38845notion of difference reaches
38846to
38847the extent of division, and does not stop
38848at
38849natural characteristics.
38850,->
38851Of the holy
38852Severus,
38853[nun
38854the
38855letter
38856to
38857Eleusinius
38858the
38859bishop,
38860which
38861begins,
38862.« As the
38863great Moses appeared
388649.
38865But, since
38866it
38867is a habit of the enemies of the
38868truth to hurl aecusations at
388691. See ep.
3887046,
38871IV0111 which itwoukl seem
38872that communication wilh the Cappadocian bishops did not
38873begm mueh before Ihe accession
38874of Dioscorus.
p. 214
38875202
38876LETTERS 0F SEVERUS.
38877[30]
38878JJo
38879)N._oi..Ss
38880)la.JL.jL.Ji„iK_io V\
38881^_x*^jK.'io
38882jla^oi
38883o/
38884jLa^Q.^
38885o\
38886..J_ioa-J.
38887JJ»
38888yoa.'S.
38889Jv-.io/;
38890~"oi;
38891-.^jl-*.^ K_Jja^ ,j> ^jj
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38895+3
38896.\laJZi.+i
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38899-.Jjii3;
38900J.akw-aji
38901\oKj/
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38904^J^Ot
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38906JjQJLOJ»}
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389087-3JOI
38909x^° •)^kCl30
38910V?^°/
38911^-JJOOtfcoo
38912y..-/
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38914K.-)v*Sl1i
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38916..
38917» ., iV
38918)„J^a3o
38919J.nm So
38920-.^.^o«»
38921|_JL_*.-^jKiO k_0
38922o/
38923:Ji-2^iO
38924JJo
38925jLJ^iOj
38926J^OO/}
38927.yOÄJLiO
38928y.X>)ll
38929J-^ÄJLiO;
38930L3r°a.
38931:jK.3Lio
38932ou^o
38933o».iio
38934yOOULbo
38935,-~
38936^o :|p^.
38937JJo
38938)«-^.:s
38939o/
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38941^*
38942•
38943•
38944•
38945•
38946J.-2JS.-.OA
38947s-io oolo :JL^a3o
38948^jooiK^o
38949J.a^>.-.aA
38950^aiw ^^
38951Jjtfot
38952:^o_^o.io
389531. Ms. i?>l- —2.
38954In thicker
38955irregulär
38956letters after a
38957blank space. —
389583. Here begins an extraet
38959in G
38960146 r
38961b,
38962headed
38963>»o
38964•«:»»»
38965oCv»N
38966"
38967-w
38968(sie)
38969>noa»)&«»^
38970La\, lU^Vao
38971.^\ico
38972^j»
38973,3 ^>w —
389744. G
38975•i; 146 V
38976us of things whieb are the opposite of their
38977evil opinions, and to Charge us
38978with
38979holding some
38980mixture
38981or
38982blending
38983or
38984confusion
38985or
38986phantasy
38987in
38988the
38989divine and ineffable Ilumanization, after common deliberation we have deeided
38990to make clcar by a limitation and distinetion what was stated by you without
38991limitation.
38992You say of the mystery of Christ
38993lli.it yon do
38994not reoognise the
38995difference
38996of the
38997natures, nor yet their individualitv, since
38998with
38999'difference'
39000you
39001understand
39002also
39003'division'.
39004Ilence
39005also
39006you
39007clearly
39008laid down
39009the
39010following
39011by way
39012of
39013a canon
39014:
39015« When therefore
39016we seek
39017to
39018separate
39019and
39020distinguish
39021rational
39022nature
39023from
39024irrational,
39025and
39026suprasensual
39027from
39028perceptible,
39029and
39030created
39031from
39032uncreated,
39033together
39034with
39035the
39036differtsnee
39037between these
39038things we
39039also make
39040a
39041Separation
39042and
39043division
39044».
39045These
39046Statements
39047have been made by you
39048as well and
39049wisely
39050as
39051possible,
39052that,
39053where
39054there
39055is
39056rational and
39057irrational,
39058or
39059perceptible and suprasensual,
39060or
39061created and uncreated,
39062eaeh
39063of them
39064remains by
39065itself, and appears
39066in
39067its
39068own hypostasis, that is, has an individual and separate and distinet existence;
39069Cor
39070here
39071with
39072difference
39073is
39074understood
39075also
39076division,
39077and
39078again
39079from the
39080difference of the qualities vvhich uaturally belong to eaeh singly we recognise
p. 215
39081XI
39082LI V b.
39083M
3908419 v° b.
39085[31]
39086XI. — TO ELEUS1NIUS.
39087203
39088Jb/
39089ix>l
39090)_u^^.too
39091:L^oooJL=> J;,-^
39092s—.ÖJi
39093JJo
39094Ja;J-:s «^J^/ Jj^cu» ^io;
39095:jlo_^
39096)»_; J^a-o-o ica\ :Jooil )J^jL*a jla_,— K-J
39097o/
39098J.*jlq.jl3 :JajL^ifcooo
39099JKJ^-io ^*^ Jjou^. .^Vt^; J-^a3 .^° ^^-^
39100• Jj>-' t-^> ^
39101JL,>-*'! U3-/
39102)lai.;ajLiQ_s;
39103~_./;
39104«Ol Jla^-;o
39105J.9^w«cui
39106^-.; ^-J^-*» .jJ-a^a-io
39107jJ
39108Jia*^*;
39109«Ofol^../
39110joOM}
39111«*Ot=>
39112^3-3
39113Ji-^
39114jJ
39115t-3
39116-oi./
39117Ji—3 /
39118t—->>?
39119^*-^°'?
39120j^-»-»-»-3
39121^^-^o
39122.J»oi
39123^io
39124N!^i^o
39125)>oi
39126«oi
39127jt-^;
39128Jj-*Jl\
39129t't-3^ M
39130JJ©
39131-J^3
39132JjUOOlJ^iO "^.JoJLVlN
39133Jj/
39134)-caa^6
39135JJo K^i^v
39136Jj/ »ajASo O^Jo-L*^
39137yOogLio;
39138Jjlü»
39139Jj/
391401.
39141Here
39142llie extract in L ends, and Ihe rest
39143is contained
39144in an extract at L 3v° a and M2U v° a, and
39145in
39146(',
39147l./j'Jv" a, where
39148it
39149follows
39150that given on p. 29 and
39151is headed ooto.
39152division.
39153When therefore
39154mit
39155of things
39156that differ
39157in
39158kind
39159and are not of
39160onc essence
391611 with one another, the suprasensual
39162I mean and the perceptible,
39163a combination
39164or natural union takes place in order to makc np one animal,
39165as we
39166see
39167in the case of a man, the
39168division into two ceases,
39169for of this the
39170notion of unity does not adinit, but the difference and individuality as
39171it were
39172in the
39173natural
39174characteristics
39175of
39176tlie
39177Clements which
39178have come
39179together
39180into one
39181is
39182preserved,
39183since
39184the body has not refused
39185to be
39186body, nor has
39187the soul passed into the nature of the body.
39188The satne thing, and something
39189higher,
39190is understood with regard to Emmanuel also.
391912
39192XI.
39193-
39194-
39195Ol'
39196THE
39197SAME
39198FROS? THE
39199LETTER TO
39200ElEUSINIUS TUE
39201lUSHOP,
39202which
39203begins,
39204et
39205In
39206wrestling-contests
39207».
39208But,
39209since you
39210have
39211thought
39212lit
39213to
39214ask mc what
39215is the difference
39216that
39217516-8.
39218appears
39219in natural characteristics,
39220I mean of the natures from which Emma-
39221nuel
39222is,
392231
39224will
39225explain clearly and not conceal. (And a
39226Utile farther on.) For
39227I.
39228o-jo-ia. —
392292. A Greek Fragment of a letter to Eleusinins, probably either
39230this ur ep.
3923111.
39232is preserved
39233in Mansi, X,
392341116.
p. 216
39235204
39236LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
39237[32]
39238L_i.ioo_jL_.3i
39239j.*\
39240)1o_jl-j/o
39241jl,oot_-Sx
39242ö|._.IS*_./
39243_.oi
39244,_>
39245-.01 o__m
39246:,___./
39247.
39248vcoa->ia_^j-OJ}
39249^.oiQ_Siä^ \aoq.\;
39250xf^]
39251) m va.^.5 ob^lo
39252J-JL-SOt
39253• J^i-o
39254vS/
39255jj/
39256OOW. -JIqJlj/jO
39257V-*"^ ^Ö
39258jloOiSXj
39259.v-_Jl-.->Ö JfcCioo» |L._J\i
39260o'oi
39261j.+ \
39262^_^oi ^-4-~ tCio
39263t-»~^ J^—-J'^-/ Jlon »^io ^.cxoK^/
39264))
39265. ,*tr>
39266|_x^~a._i
39267-.Jj/
392680*0|
39269L._.„^_~O.A
39270N^.^..3Q|
39271Q..JCH
39272»)> t ."\
39273«^^1 )"^.i
39274jj
39275v£l|iO
39276-.oOoN.Ia/;
39277.)la*j/o
39278JlooCS^
39279^...oi-A-»/ ^-/?
39280-ot?
39281J K£_>w«jl_9 JlM^io
39282-.J...ULO
39283J^ioai-3*
39284);oi
39285.)K-«jl».Ju^1Soo
39286Jio
39287Vjcxjl^
39288]J;o
39289.jlj.» i \
39290jJo
39291utai
39292JJ;
39293-.V_«_^v
39294^iö
39295Jjot
39296M20r°a.
39297.J^jlOo
39298Ji~c_.,3
39299^-»/
39300•j^-«-' > I ^K.boo
39301jl>^_L_>jo
39302U'O-a K*.—1o
39303)lt
39304« '»N
39305^*j
39306:\Icl*^
39307K._a..i/i
39308y-j-^+^ol
39309y.£ö
39310jj
39311).a^„^a.ji
39312boi.\
39313L
39314-
39315r° a -
39316*J>??
39317)Ja^'i^a
39318.ö*-*-*'?
39319•v^oa-JLCOOLSx
39320lo_\;
39321U'»-^./ ^°
39322oi^-»J
39323k-
39324-)
39325-\
39326*
39327o~\»
39328s^'oi
39329^>a.~iL
39330)l^-.)-S
39331JJ
39332llojy^.m^o
39333Jjoi; ^^ looi
39334J>r>°> tp
393351. M
39336|a.j«»=». —
393372.
39338ji i__ia£_m. _
393393. Here begins an extract in G
39340139
39341r° b. —
393424. Ilere the extracl
39343in
39344L and M ends.
39345Cyril the truly holy and wise after writing in the letter to Acacius,
39346« Godhead
39347and manhood are
39348not the same thing in respect of natural characteristics »
39349',
39350in
39351the
39352second
39353volume
393542
39355against
39356the
39357blasphemies
39358of
39359Nestorius
39360writes
39361as
39362follows,
39363as
39364if explaining the
39365meaning
39366of the
39367expression
39368:
39369«
39370F<»r between
39371Godhead and manhood
39372I also allow that there is great distinction and distance
39373:
39374l'or the things which have been named are clearly different, and
39375in no point
39376like one another
39377»
39378:l
39379.
39380Tliis then
39381is
39382the
39383difference that
39384appears
39385in
39386natural
39387characteristics,
39388the
39389different principle underlying
39390tlie
39391existence
39392of Godhead
39393and manhood''
39394: for the one
39395is without
39396Iieginning and uncreated, and
39397bodi-
39398less, and intangible, while the other
39399is
39400created, and
39401subject
39402to beginning,
39403and
39404temporai'v and
39405tangible,
39406as being llesh and
39407solid.
39408Tliis
39409difference
39410\ve
39411in no wise assert
39412to have been removed by the Union.
39413Of the same from
39414the
39415letter
39416In
39417Eleusinius
39418which
39419begins,
39420«
39421In wrestling-contcsts
39422».
39423It was
39424sufficient
39425to
39426banish
39427tliis unseemly
39428supposition,
39429that
39430'difference
394311.
39432Ep.
3943340
39434(/>.
39435<;.. LXXVII,
39436193). —2.
3943716(105. — 3. Ailv. Nest., n, 6
39438[ed.
39439Pusey,
39440VI,
39441p.
39442113). —
39443k. Cyr.
39444xara
39445yi
39446tot
39447toü
39448itüi;
39449eivxi
39450Xöfov, which
39451clause
39452the translator has um iiit-d
39453above, Ums losing
39454the point
39455i'l
39456Ihc citation
39457:
39458cf.
39459p.
394606.
p. 217
39461[33]
39462XI. — TO ELEUSINIUS.
39463205
39464^.oioK-/
39465,_«;
39466K-.)^«.^ ^i>;aioo
39467.|^oojlx>
39468,.— q^oclao
39469.)I.a-.,_J^ auj'l|;
39470i»io/ ?
39471Jjls-/
39472.JIojlj/o
39473Jj/
39474pö/ JWSs
39475.jLsoja^;
39476^J.Vi
39477^ao ^Ja-Lia^
39478i-
39479i).
39480I,
394813 r
39482.i.
39483JVjj )jaJ')j
39484.<X»-ö;
39485.»xdo »
39486i oon^;
39487oda\'
39488Jl}-~/
39489J^i-^J V*
394903
39491°^-*?
39492.-^J^a^o
39493^jooiJ^io
39494J.3^~ojl ya±. —^«j
39495.'pojl/
39496vioaL^.ia_o
39497J..
39498,xi^3l^
39499^_io;
39500^too/ aA
39501.y..vi,. r>v>
39502N_Jj^_»;
39503).^.9Liö
39504JLioäjLß k-O
39505o/
39506[x£D;
39507-k^>o/
39508JfcC^iO; Lioa^D K_o
39509o/
39510J_L*J
39511»-«o
39512jiiotsjLio J^o«^
39513,.—
39514^.Vi.
39515^io;
39516\-fai ^s;
39517J-Su!^.—QJl^
39518^l*.hj;
39519pö/ '^Mot
39520:
39521vcoaS.>iax>
39522V-^x
39523' J-*-»t-ß;
39524-i m
39525-> ao; Joi^
395261.
39527\ J
39528iccL^ss\l. —
395292.
39530L ^» w
39531, wi- —
39532.!.
39533Here
39534begins
39535an
39536extract
39537in G
3953814 v°
395391). G om.
39540»• —
395414. G
39542in
39543characteristics' was
39544not
39545stated
39546absolutely,
39547but the word
39548'natural' was
39549added, which declares the fact that
39550it
39551is only by the intellect and by subtle
39552investigation (hat we can know of what kind cacli of the natures is which have
39553combined
39554in
39555the unity and made np
39556one
39557hypostasis and
39558manifestly declare
39559that Emmanuel
39560is one out of two opposite things, Godhead
39561I mean and man-
39562hood, as Gregory the Theologian
39563' said,
39564« Let distinctness be maintained
39565in
39566the unity
39567»
39568\
39569Of the same [nun another
395703 letter
39571/" //" same Eleusinius,
39572which begins,
39573«
39574In wrestling-eontests
39575».
39576lluw then, after these things have been written by me,
39577is
39578il
39579not
39580piain
39581to
39582everyone from the words used by the wise
39583Cyril
39584that
39585division
39586also
39587is then
39588understood to accompanv difference, when ihe separate natures or hypostases
39589exist
39590individuallv,
39591not when one person and one incarnate
39592nature or hypo-
39593stasis
39594of God
39595tlie Word
39596is made
39597up by coalescence from two?
39598That
39599the
39600liolv
39601Cyril says
39602that
39603Separation or
39604division
39605is then joined with
39606difference
396071.
39608eei'/ofo;. —
396092.
39610I cannol Und the source
39611of Uns citation. —
396123. Preceded in the mss. by frag in.
39613J
39614of
39615ep.
39616lo.
p. 218
39617L
396183
39619r* b
3962011
3962125 r
39622I.
3962325 v°
39624.i.
3962520(>
39626LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
39627[34]
39628'^o*i»U/
39629^ü&w^^o
39630*>*-ß;
39631^-«.^ot
39632Jhö "^i.
39633^lodoU/;
39634^-*JÖ1
39635.vjöw»
39636-.J-IlXJ
39637jK^^^^ji
39638)Lo.iia>ot ^>o v-x^ o^i ..JK.*^Ui
39639jJLaacuC^^a Lal^L/
39640JJ
39641/ wJlmX /
39642• JJ^io joCSs»
39643)laj t m aftoo "^Jx
39644J.:x>ara~=>;
39645jlo-.,.-, *s/
39646'clSXo .^jp
39647/ *i^lo
39648JJ/
39649.^io/
39650JLscL»
39651,-^ou»
39652^oto^o^o
39653^o;
39654joC^jJ
39655^-JL-^-a^
39656Jlöt»a/
39657^*>
39658*»j/
39659jl
39660jl.Q_.j-3
39661lo__5ii
39662v_.'ot__>
39663-.a-^-alo
39664jlvol
39665JloJL>a_.o)
39666... >ö ...V
39667*_.«--voi
39668yooj-^s ^©t-^
39669.Jl»-V;
39670)jL9i\ V3; jK-^K-X
39671J-2lüJ;o
39672.-JK^oÜSs.
39673JIqJLJüV-3^
39674?
396751-°—^°
39676).))'?
39677JJ;a_-^=>
39678^6/
39679JjLSO«
39680..L£^;o;Jl Mto
39681jJS^jjl
39682jl-^>
39683o'oi
39684v3/
39685);oi ^-^2ö
39686)K_.poJo
39687)A»
39688-
39689' caa/
39690y-./
39691.«i «Nt-.
39692|J
39693.^.£0
39694) v>r>
39695i n ->;
39696»_.;
39697)lo-.,.~ •^*?Ij
39698l-^'t-»*;
396991. Q co**nLLl, —
397002. G <uu^i^so^ L vpo-wg-jaaoo^ M
39701vno.fe. i^ n»o3. —
39702:!. Ms.
39703H/o- —
39704'i.
3970511s. llWj
39706when the natures
39707exist apart and by themselves
39708is testified by the addition
39709made to the words cited above from the prosphonetikon oration.
397100/ the same from the Jetter
39711to Eleusinius, which
39712bei/ins,
39713«
39714In
39715wrestling-contests
39716».
39717And do not teil nie that the holy Gyril ahme used the expression in
39718tliis
39719sense;
39720but
39721observe with
39722sound
39723intelligence
39724that
39725he does
39726not
39727step
39728outside
39729the
39730apostolic faith;
39731for Gregory the Theologian
39732also spoke words
39733that
39734are
39735in aecord with him
39736in the passage which we have just cited above.
39737And,
39738if none
39739of the God-clad fathers before him in fact spoke
39740in so many
39741words
39742of unity
39743in
39744hypostasis with reference to the Incarnation
39745of God the Mord,
39746yet
39747still
39748all the
39749lovers
39750of the
39751right
39752faith
39753aeeepted
39754it,
39755inasmucli
39756as
39757it
39758sets
39759forth the splendour of the mystery of the divine Ilumanization, and
39760it agrees
39761with the opinion of the doctors of the church.
39762Tlierefore also that wretched
39763and impious Theodoret speaks thus
39764in the objeetion to the
397652'"' anathema
39766:
39767«
39768Unity in
39769hypostasis we do
39770not
39771recognise
39772at
39773all,
39774as
39775being
39776stränge
39777and
39778alien to
39779tlie
39780divine Scriptures, and
39781to the doctors who expounded thesc »'.
397821. Cyr.,
39783ed. Pusey, VI,
39784p.
39785Vi:'.
p. 219
39786[35]
39787XII. — TO ELEUSINIUS.
39788207
39789Jlcu^t^o ^o;
39790\ln -\».l :vtf>o-^ « m a
39791) vi .1 .. po/
39792,j; -.ju/
39793v-*»/
39794t-^>
39795jJ /
39796OJ.-3
39797.^JLOiaSO
39798>
39799»
39800JOOI
39801t l-> » V)
39802Jx^.)
39803I » Vi /
39804-.^_*!iOs.
39805MteJfJ
39806^jjLiCLJL^lSoOj
39807)JLo
39808i,
39809i
39810ij-stoo;
39811)lo i » ftCS.
39812t.-.,v
39813Qt^> .^jlA-./o
39814>
39815i »^jllxoioo
39816.
39817i
39818-
39819» m
39820t-*-^
39821/xoa^^ojl «XDO^V^t-^ ••i?
39822'?
39823)?°l-flOo .^ft.«.oo
39824ia..Jb^s
39825JLaJto^ioi
39826J-io». .-ylo^j
39827XII
39828G 4
398291-.
39830marsr.
39831r^acn^
39832rdx-n'n'n
39833rdll!?i>i *lL!n «.rsfanur^n rdScusjaiiSrsf
39834vQßnJa£Lu.LL!Ln3aj37i
39835jJ
39836')...
39837« iuM.\
39838i-^o/
39839joC^jJ
39840jl^^l\
398411-4-j^ a\
39842•.tii
39843^coo »\ . m .3;
39844^_»;
39845*>»
39846XIII
39847i
39848131
39849v°b.
398501. Erased.
39851XII.
39852Of
39853THE HOLY SeYEHUS,
39854FROM
39855THE LETTER
39856TO
39857ELEUSINIUS.
39858But perhaps someone
39859will
39860say
39861tliat, when
39862tlio
39863wise
39864Basil
39865said,
39866«
39867Grace
39868513-8.
39869arising
39870from
39871tlie
39872dispensation
39873»
39874',
39875he
39876referred
39877to
39878tlie
39879Coming
39880in
39881the
39882ilesh.
39883But
39884let
39885us know
39886clearl)'
39887tliat
39888tlie Word
39889of
39890God, even
39891before
39892he
39893rose upon us in fleshly form, constantly controlled
398942 our life and our salvation;
39895for
39896'in
39897him we
39898live and move and
39899exist'
399003
39901:
39902for
39903the
39904name
39905'dispensation'
39906is
39907not
39908applied
39909to
39910tlie
39911grace
39912of
39913the
39914Humanization among
39915us
39916only.
39917And
39918Gregory the Theologian
39919''
39920is
39921a witness of
39922this when he
39923says,
39924« The
39925other
39926appellations etc.
39927»
39928'
39929XIII.
39930Of
39931THE
39932HOLY SEVEIUS FROM THE
39933LETTE« TO EsTORECHIUS (?)
39934''
39935RISHOl'
39936OF
39937ANA.ZA.RBA, ABOUT THE DISPUTATION T11AT TOOK
39938PLACE
39939IN
39940TUE
39941ROYAL
39942CITY,
39943FROM
39944THOSE
39945BEFORE
39946EPISCOPACY, WHEN
39947HE
39948WAS
39949SPEAKING
39950AGAINST
39951MaCE-
399521IO.MUS
39953BISHOP
39954OF CoNSTANTINOPLE.
39955But know
39956tliat the great Basil did
39957not
39958call Christ
39959a God-clad man (far
39960508-11.
399611.
39962I cannot lind Ihe source of this citation. —
39963i. Or
39964' dispensed
39965'. — 3. Acts, xvn,
3996628. — 4. 8eoXöyo;. —
399675.
39968Enlrechius
39969is meanl
39970(S.
39971L.,
399721,
3997313;
39974vi.
399751;
39976p.
39977'i07,
39978408).
p. 220
39979208
39980LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
39981[36]
39982^D C*\
39983Jf~iO
39984O.OI
39985,J> ^-J
39986O.Ol
39987.J.~***>?
39988°'«*^
39989Joi^JJ
39990Jt-^a^
39991J,-CQ-3
39992JJ /
39993JoOtl
39994>*.,* „t>A;
39995-'01
39996:c*J^-./
39997s>
39998#oi p
39999-01
40000^-.;
40001^/
40002.Jf-o J—«.JLioJS.
40003> >
40004, ^\o
40005-.oC^
40006)n -«^
40007j}~.fJt
40008001 Joi$M ..ö^k-/
40009)»oi JjtJjkioj
40010-'01 -.J-u^jl^o
40011>Ju^a\ o
40012Joi^jJ
40013joi\JJ
40014jl*jl\
40015Jjlj*^
40016o-^o -.JU^al/o
40017i^o-sM/
40018ytC^-^io;
40019o'oi
40020jlS^io
40021xiv
40022r<fA\\-\ Mr\ rduaan ir q *" ^ua c\t^ t^tjl
40023^1t3 coLt\ oä caL'n
40024v caL'n
40025rdljajcuoo
40026:K3j-l/
40027)»V*
40028"^> ^ tw\
40029qjlOJS'I/
40030J.JOtA^a^s;
40031vQJÖi^.;
40032-öl ^^-Ooi ^ju«
40033^_Vk-=>;
40034-öi ö|.°>V~
40035^-,; vQ^XJ
40036:JüLio
40037^-.Vl ^io;
40038-öi
40039J^jolL ^iö yon'^ j;
40040JK-^caio -.J^^too
40041vÄ>a-.^vjQJ» )K \ ..m\;
40042J-ta.*/
40043:)».. »v>
40044>4>,-kj
40045JjLio
40046)•>-/;
40047•..
40048i .K^-^o ou^ p c*^ ^»Aou^ ^ook-io
40049jJo ..öuk—/?
40050^-l^Jl-.'?
40051Iura.
40052- Jl
40053-Nr>
40054r.\ .
40055^.öl^
40056.
40057i
40058- -n
40059JjLOOl
40060-.yO^Ksü
40061J^Vl
40062s£0-.
40063,
40064t^CQJj
40065jjL3.\Ö_^}
40066y.*l
40067U>a3i.O t-*V^ ^INjJj
40068^-.j -öi^ .K_J^^ ipi-i-j ^^s'J. ^>0
40069>^Öi\
400701. Some words musl have
40071fallen
40072oul.
40073be
40074it!), but called
40075Christ's flesh God-clad
40076flesli.
40077But
40078the same immediately
40079afterwards termed the same flesli Ghrist-clad
40080'.
40081But
40082if the expression
40083' God-
40084clad
40085' and
40086' Ghrist-clad
40087'
40088is the same, the conclusion
40089is that Christ the Word
40090who became incarnate and was humanized
40091for our sakes
40092is true God,
40093not
40094a God-clad man.
40095XIV.
40096Ol
40097TUE
40098SAME
40099FROM
40100TUE
40101SOLUTION
40102<>U
40103DEFENCE
40104IN
40105ANSWElt
40106TO
40107THE
4010815"" QUESTION
40109OF THOSE
40110THAT WERE
40111SENT
40112TO
40113IHM
40114HY
40115TllOMAS
40116IIIS
40117S YNCET.1A S
40118J
40119.
40120513-8.
40121We therefore judge that which was desired by those who assembled
40122at
40123Chalcedon against
40124the
40125truth,
40126to banish the
40127conl'ession that Christ
40128is
40129to be
40130recognised
40131as
40132from two
40133natures, and
40134to
40135introduce
40136instead
40137the
40138confesaion
40139that he
40140is to be recognised as in two natures, as the Company
40141of Nestorius
40142desire,
40143to be abominable and also impious, and we will never propound the
40144same teaching (?) as those who, in order to open the gates to the doctrines of
40145Nestorius
401463
40147so we
40148also require
40149the
40150opposite,
40151that
40152the one
40153be
40154openlv
40155proclaimed, and the other completely suppressed and banished in accordance
401561. Ep.
40157261,
401582. Migne's text has 8eo<p6pos
40159in both
40160places, witli xpxrtoqxSpo« as a variant
40161in
40162the second. —
40163•j. Perh.
40164llie presbyter of
40165S.
40166!>..
40167p.
4016837,
40169166,
40170182,
4017138:i; see ep.
4017217. —;s. Sonic words have
40173falle
40174it.
p. 221
40175[37]
40176XIV.
40177-- TO THOMAS TUR SYNCELLUS.
40178209
40179Uooti
40180^.\o).\
40181^Jl^S,.^
40182+S
40183JJo •^^~<
40184)ia-.£0/i v^\cH ^«.^OV
40185)v-Q-^^ vOOiJ5
40186>o,..=>i
40187oc+.j/
40188) \
40189i
40190io
40191-j^ ->*
40192).»
40193i cLa>
40194*.»/
40195o/
40196.-^> n'N.jo
40197y+sKj
40198•, -^
40199-
40200w.6i
40201t-o^v
40202Joi
40203.ji-jjio/i
40204^jL^<-.a*.io
40205K^j,_»^J
40206JJo
40207ftv...)
40208>»°>v>
40209]J
40210.-^Vl
40211^-io;
40212o/
40213.01^0/ »
40214oöt
40215>^^»ioj
40216—610
40217.*|^-> "^«^bo;
40218Jfco>,_«^.
40219.-viaoVÄ^a
40220^00 "^jls
40221J-^^oä
40222JJjo
40223jfcJ^io
40224}'r
40225,\
40226t
40227,_.;
40228yj
40229.Jl'.onX;
40230^.öt
40231vs/
40232It-i-A? ^^oo» Ua-/
40233l^-^a/o
40234>^>aJ^ca-ao
40235),—js/
40236:J-=>|-=>
40237ool
40238^.j
40239jy^
40240:)t--^-s ^ö
40241J_s/i
40242rJLxoÄoo
40243x-*-iu/
40244^-./ .) 1 ,.,i\
40245J-La-./' -.voouio ^ ^oj
40246J£o>»-.
40247:vOC*-VK-3
40248J^otio i^JA
40249J»jy^a_floo
40250)bai
40251v^oioK-./ 001
40252^>
4025300t 1
40254:»-^6/
40255Jlj/
40256]1j
40257J-L3-./
40258.j*,_3
40259_oioK-../
40260fx^Vi
40261*oyio/ ^}
40262^>ch\ .-a^K* ^6
40263_.c*\ vojom ^.oot
40264(jl3l./
40265(la-^—\o |a«iA
402661. Ms.
40267U**i.
40268witli the laws
40269of the holy church.
40270For
40271let the means of remedy be intro-
40272duced by the same
40273similar drugs as those by which
40274it was desired to pro-
40275duce the sickness
40276; and
40277let us not negleet things that are
40278so
40279manifest, and
40280go about and pick out,
40281or search as among reeds, and seek
40282if anywhere
40283in
40284the writings of the
40285holy fathers of the orthodox
40286' we occasionally find
40287'diffe-
40288rence'
40289or
40290'in
40291two'
40292or 'from
40293two'
40294indiscriminately
40295and
40296incautiously
40297stated.
40298Indced in the
4029911"' book of the interpretative narrative of the Gospel of John
40300the
40301holy Gyril used the
40302expression
40303'in
40304two'
40305of the separate
40306hypostases
40307as
40308follows
40309:
40310« Everywhere and under
40311all
40312circumstances there
40313will
40314follow and
40315coincide with
40316the knowledge
40317concerning the
40318offspring the knowledge
40319also
40320concerning him who begot himj^as indeed the converse also is true.
40321But,
40322if the Statement
40323is
40324true and
40325is
40326unhesitatingly received, that the
40327Father
40328is
40329understood together
40330with
40331and
40332enters together with
40333the
40334Son, and the Son
40335also with the Father, and the knowledge of each of them runs
40336in the two,
40337how can the Son be
40338a creature,
40339as some impious
40340men
40341sav?
40342»
403432
40344; even
40345as
40346110 one says that the name and
40347fact
40348of
40349division
40350and union
40351are
40352the same,
40353as they themselves indeed suppressed the one and stated the other.
40354l.
40355öp8ö8o5oi. —
403562. In Jo.
40357Ev., ed. Pusey,
40358III,
40359p.
4036013,
4036114.
4036219 r°
40363b.
p. 222
40364210
40365LEITERS OF SEYERUS.
4036638
40367xv
40368com
40369\cai*T\ rdlmojQo rs^oar^ii
40370hol"* r£f&"\^»rsf ^ln
40371ctiLt\
40372m 33 r b: rduxx>3 dx*n
40373rsf^icvi^ui i^ardsn
40374.»cn tvä
40375.»od
40376jco-n T^cui^a
40377•'.rslinäjja ^Ah ^na rS^Va ^.n& J^a
40378O^O
40379-.)-2l3oV^ yOOt-A-./
40380K-)UoLiO
40381jj
40382,J5
40383JjL^S K*s
40384o/
40385j 'NOÖlO j..^ VOJO|
40386•
40387*
40388^
40389o
40390•
40391^
40392*
40393s^oi
40394JK*JL*3
40395Jla„.».-.j
40396)K»^X^;;
40397.).l°i\^o
40398)j»
40399i-b°U/?
40400vf? V"^
4040101 V*
404025
40403xv.
40404ol'
40405the
40406same,
40407from
40408the
40409letter
40410to
40411thomas
40412iiis
40413synceleis,
40414in
40415which
40416he
40417shows
40418that
40419it
40420is the
40421same
40422thing
40423to
40424speak
40425ol"
40426tue
40427union
40428in
40429Christ
40430as from two natures and
40431fro.m two
40432hypostases.
40433For those hypostases or
40434natures, being
40435in composition without diminu-
40436tion, and
40437not
40438existing
40439separately and
40440in
40441individual existence, make up one
40442person of one Lord and Christ and Son, and one incarnate
40443iiature and
40444bypo-
40445slasis of the Word.
40446From
40447the same
40448letter
40449after
40450u
40451citation
40452'
40453from
40454Cyril.
40455From what has been stated the doctor teaches that the peculiarity of the
40456natural
40457union
40458is that
40459the
40460hypostases
40461are
40462in
40463composition
40464and
40465are
40466perfect
40467without diminution, but refuse
40468to continue an individual existence
40469so
40470as
40471to
40472be numbered as two, and
40473to
40474have
40475its own person
40476impressed npon each
40477of
40478them,
40479whicli a conjunction in honour cannot possibly do.
404801.
40481xpr^l?.
40482513-8.
p. 223
40483[39]
40484XVI. — TO THOMAS
40485Till'. SYNCELLUS.
40486211
40487; jnoXJiß;
40488|fV,a*.t.
40489iN_a
40490l L i-*x/!
40491cnx^o
40492Jld...,--^
40493v^..\
40494y-A«
404951 1.^0
40496jj
40497r2
40498•.J-iCcL-L-.O
40499l^*J
40500o/
40501Lj.JU>9 ^*^01
40502J-S^t-
40503XVI
40504L
4050517 V
40506...
40507Q 25 V.
40508öi_.)X_./
40509jK-Vt-JQ-j;
40510«.K-^-J./
40511K^o^-o'
40512-.»oi-j'JL/
40513Luot
40514""^-«jot ^_^>oi p
40515JJ ^
40516y-^.^oi
40517)
40518i
40519•; i\ ^.j
40520ajot
40521) viö
40522i n\;
40523. • ) j\. » vic>
40524i o
40525|La^^-> ^«coo*
40526^JS..*jJ
40527.-yopoLj
40528Jäo«&
40529•
40530>\J)aJL.yLN
40531och
40532yocH.-x.ioj
40533. v-^
40534°-^ot»
40535KjLiSlS^oKio
40536yOJÖi;
40537t-*-<^ )j°t Jlcu.»-^
40538öuov.iojjo
40539vOiöfJ
40540|^o,',:3
40541^_»Vl
40542^io
40543j;oi
40544>^^ioo »Q26
40545yoou^o yOQUVM
40546ya.Joi
40547.^.io|_^a^
40548i**K.*l
40549^..10.-^0
40550t>.,v>.t K^^j
40551)Lo_.,.^.i
40552Jjl-^.\o
40553*
40554^.io«
40555_oi
40556(iaa-.xi.jo
40557.-JouSs.o tu^
40558^..oo... n'vi
40559) vi «o n la^s.^^
40560•:-vooi\
40561°V""
40562"\ * 'v>
40563J^a*. la^QJio
405641. Ms.
40565o^1»- —
405662. L
40567otn. —
405683. L sing. —
40569i. wi over
40570orasure
40571in
40572L. —
405735. L ^n »
40574' -*>
40575with
40576erasure
40577after
40578'.
40579From
40580thc same
40581letler
40582after
40583n
40584Quotation
40585from
40586Cyril.
40587It
40588is
40589piain
40590therefore
40591that
40592the
40593natures
40594or
40595hypostases,
40596if
40597lliev
40598are
40599not
40600combined in one in hypostatic union without confasion, do not make up one
40601Christ and Son and
40602Lord, and
40603one incarnate nature of the Word and
40604one
40605person.
40606XVI.
40607Ol
40608SeVERUS
40609FROM
40610TUE
40611LETTElt
40612TO
40613TlIOM.VS
40614THE
40615SYNCELLUS.
40616Since therefore these things have thus been made
40617clear,
40618it has already
40619513-8.
40620been recognised that it
40621is alien to those who confess a hypostatic union to call
40622the hypostases, that
40623is the natures which in an ineffable manner coalesced in
40624one, from whieh Emmanuel
40625is, persons, and therefore to think and say that
40626the union
40627is
40628from two persons.
40629To say
40630this belongs to those who confess
40631a falsely-named union, who make the man and God exist apart in individual
40632existence, and
40633devise for themselves a conjunction founded upon authority
40634and identity of name.
40635PATR. OR. — T.
40636Sil. —
40637F.
406381.
4063915
p. 224
40640XVII
40641N 203
40642v"
40643XVIII
406442\l
40645LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
40646(40]
40647ItC^titp r£na&\ hol-*
40648K*V* voa^.;
40649JofSx
40650K.io~i;
40651G Vi v b.
40652JJ
40653».3
40654.Jjlj'^so
40655JojSx K^jL^j»
40656JJo K^JjLa^—Kxio
40657JJ
40658ooi
40659,J
40660ooio ,— .jloju/o
406611. g ^»='-iv
40662XVII. — To Thomas
40663tue
40664Presbyter.
40665For the true
40666fast
40667is a
40668life pure from every
40669evil
40670act, and that \ve should
40671break bread for those who are hungry.
40672XVIII.
40673Of
40674THE
40675SAME
40676FROM
40677TUE
40678LETTER
40679TO
40680THE
40681MONKS
40682AT
40683TlFA, WHICH
40684begins,
40685« When
406861
40687read
40688ihe
40689letter
40690of your love
40691of God
40692».
406935i3-8(?).
40694For we must confess tlie one our Lord Jesus Christ, out of two natures the
40695Godhead and the manhood,
40696to be one and the same invariably and
40697uncon-
40698fusedly God and man,
40699since
40700not being again divided
40701aflert
40702he union;
40703for
40704duality
40705is a dissolver of unity,
40706although
40707it is obscured by countless devices.
40708For
40709he who
40710has been
40711united
40712is
40713fixedly
40714one, and does
40715not become
40716again
40717two.
40718For
40719Christ
40720is
40721not
40722divided,
40723but
40724is
40725one
40726person, one
40727hypostasis, one
40728incarnate nature of God the Word.
p. 225
40729\l\
40730I, 202
40731i"
40732a.
40733li r
4073427 v" a.
40735L
40736llii v" b.
40737[41]
40738XIX. — TO ISIDORE.
40739213
40740^öto
40741)L_^_coo,'j
40742t_~i
40743v^öio
40744•
40745. K.«jL«J^JS»^o
40746^*.a)'o
40747K.^)Mt^v
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40750),.-=>
40751.(tO^so
40752lf^.2
40753iV o»_ioJ._i
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40760s3i.ax.io» Ja—io
40761•
40762. i-io) tv.io
40763U-s—aooL-.s
40764Ja...*. ^
40765)-*-**--0
40766U-oio
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40769t-"--sv
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40771-ex
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40775)
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40786)la^t-*.\^.\
40787.-JLooCSs
40788)>oäj.f>
40789Jfcs^sk-3
407901. Ms.
40791' a;-a*; tut
40792the
407932'"'
40794o
40795is
40796perh. meanl
40797to
40798bo
40799cancelled. —
408002. G liio»W, L
40801io.»*o|. —
40802:?.
40803(1
40804^»l ^ « ni
40805(in crasure). —
40806'i. L um.
40807XIX.
40808Of
40809THE
40810HOLY
40811SeVERUS,
40812FROM
40813THE
40814LETTE«
40815TO
40816IsiDOHE,
40817THE
40818BEGIN-
40819ning
40820of
40821which
40822is,
40823«
40824I
40825rejoiced
40826grcatly when
40827I
40828received
40829the
40830letter
40831of
40832[yourl
40833Christ loving
40834illustriousnoss
40835».
40836The doctors called the Holy Trinity co-essential, that through this word,
40837sos-iu?).
40838composed in so polislied and very sublime a way, theymight express both the
40839fact of the oneness of essence
408401 and that of the division of hypostases, by the
40841same expression both union and division, in one word.
40842For, when the Son
40843is
40844said
40845to be co-essential wilh
40846the Father and the Holy
40847Spirit,
40848he
40849claims
40850to
40851share in essence
40852' with those who are recounted, but to differs in hypostasis.
40853XX. — Of
40854tue
40855holy
40856Severus,
40857from
40858tue
40859letter
40860to
40861Isidore
40862the
40863count.
40864On this point we
40865lind that the
40866aceurate doctors celebrate the Trinity
40867in
40868508-ii(?).
40869one essence' which is the Godhead, butconsequentially confess that this con-
40870sists of three hypostases.
408711. mnix. —
408722. Since Ihc above was in
40873[u int.
40874I have found a longer extracl from
40875this
40876letter
40877in anulhei
40878Version, which contains
40879this fragment. This will be given
40880in the iollowing fascicule (ep.
4088162).
p. 226
40882214
40883LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
40884[42]
40885XXI
40886G
40887i
40888L
40889'.17 r
40890I)
40891*
40892\"
40893a.
40894'ii" n.
40895•
40896^
40897\
40898J.i2^a_.
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40900joj\JJ
40901] kV-L,;
40902-.yilajäi la^; )K^.ito ^io
40903j._^_i;
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40905:^S.
40906»-^r
409071 ?
40908V m a 5?
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40941^-Voi
40942^.;
40943:xI '
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40945<hc\ln
40946rsf^-i^rda
40947Irsfn-ix^ rdial>3 aap
40948dxa.cn -^rsf
40949G32r°b(i)
409501. L k^o-v —
409512. L sing. —
409523. L (S^k3
40953-
40954XXI.
40955Ol-'
40956THE
40957SAME,
40958I HOM
40959THE
40960LETTER
40961TO
40962IsiDORE
40963THE
40964COUNT,
40965AVIIICI1
40966dkcjins,
40967(c
40968From
40969the
40970letter
40971of your
40972religious
40973and
40974learning-loving
40975mag-nificence
40976».
40977508-ii(?).
40978Bot may tho Lord of the seeds, wlio by Coming in the flesh shone lipon us,
40979and came to cast good seed upon the
40980eartli,
40981tlie one of the Holy Trinity, who
40982together with the
40983Fat her and
40984the
40985Holy
40986Spirit
40987is theologically deiined'
40988and
40989glorified (für in these things Godhead consists to ns, or rather
409902 these things
40991are Godhead) multiply
40992in you many
40993times
40994the seed
40995of
40996religion, especially
40997because you are inflamed with watchfulness, burning with divine zeal, against
40998the seed of hcretical tares.
40999XXII. — Tue
41000teacher
41001of
41002tue
41003tri tu
41004said
41005therefore
41006in
41007tue
41008fetter
41009to
41010•Ihiin
41011and
41012John
41013Presbyters
41014and
41015archimandrites
410163
41017and
41018tue
41019rest,
41020the
410211. This
41022represenls
41023ÖEo^oyeTTort. —
410242.
41025(iäXXov. —
410263. S.
41027L.,
41028i,
41029'i9,50; n, 2;
41030v, 11,12; p. 395. Thetwo Johns
41031se
41032lo have beon Severus' representatives
41033in
41034Syria
41035aller
41036tiis
41037expulsion
41038(id.,
41039p.
41040148).
41041II however Ulis
41042letter \\a^ wrilten aller expulsion,
41043ii
41044rousl have been written von
41045soon
41046aller.
p. 227
41047[43]
41048XXII. — TO JOHN AM) JOHN.
41049215
41050^.io
41051..na
41052*/
41053yo^i
41054^*-^qi
41055i<^
41056K^Kö;
41057iN.^
41058^>o
41059, .»enadura
41060)1q-.K-^J^J^
41061Jjl*üo
41062K-w>l
41063J.io,j
41064jJ* "^^io
41065-.i-in-aLi ^*A^~
41066jl--;
41067ooCis
41068,^-/}
41069.«3V-.N-/ jt^Ao -.J-^O*
41070J^.*o;o )1q°l«^-
41071JJ ö£>o
41072^--;
41073J;ot .J^jl^u
41074L 196ra
41075•>|IV»»a*j
41076ifc^>
41077^aoLo
41078*G32v"a.
410791. Here begins an extract in G 14 v a
41080(2) and L 99 r° a (1) and 195V b
41081(2). —
410822. L
41083(2) om. — 3. L
41084(2)
41085,., |j-. _
41086k. L (2) Ja^o. — 5. Here the extract in L
41087(2) ends. —
410886. G (I) v-^w-
41089beginning
41090oi- which
41091is,
41092« After
41093I had written
41094in answer to the previous
41095communication of your holinesses as follows
41096».
41097But
41098I hear that the Romans say,
41099« We are afraidto call him who suffered
41100519-20.
41101for us
41102in the
41103flesh one of
41104the Trinity,
41105lest we
41106subjeet
41107the
41108Holy Trinity to
41109numeration
41110».
41111But
41112this
41113is
41114füll
41115of
41116utter
41117ignorance and
41118impiety, and
41119is
41120a
41121pretext of men who seize pretexts for sins, or
41122of those who knovv
41123not what
41124they say and about what they allirm
411251
41126, as Paul the apostle somewliere
41127says
41128about certain persons.
41129The Holy Trinity
41130is capable of numeration in respect
41131of hypostases; but, in that it
41132is one and of the same essence
411332
41134,
41135it Stands outside
41136number.
41137(Andagain a
41138Utile
41139lower down.)
41140Accordingly therefore
41141the Romans, who
41142are
41143very
41144wise,
41145are
41146infected
41147with
41148profound
41149error,
41150not
41151knowing
41152that
41153in
41154essence
411552 the Trinity
41156is incapable
41157eitlier of numeration or of division, but
41158in
41159respect
41160of
41161hypostases
41162it
41163is
41164both
41165divided
41166and
41167separated,
41168in
41169order
41170that
41171distinetness may be maintained in the individual likenesses of the Father and
411721.
41173I Tim.,
411741,
411757. —
411762.
41177oOcrt'a.
p. 228
41178•Lh
41179XXIII
41180L 196 r a.
41181216
41182LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
41183[44]
41184^OÖ»
41185^_»i
41186^.-^.O).^.
41187K+frjLl JIol^Xjs
41188JJ
41189Jju.»-0
41190J—o>;o
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41192J-*-"^?
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41197odao.1».
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41199Jl»—
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41201Z/f2^
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41203^-'iö ^>^ .•Ä^—^JLioo
41204VLsKlflOio K-)K_^l; ,_
41205JJ/
41206• / ^-^-^aJtio;
41207,^-iö
41208»~~;o
41209'.-J—lu-^-o )Moii
41210).ioo.ija.\
41211^-.sj-.=>
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41213^-.; V3*"5
41214"'J"3 «!
41215^-iO}
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41218>•/
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41221• ' —OloK.»
41222/
41223^_i>^
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41225J-SojV3
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41227v»-./
41228^--; ^J»= .'t-»^0
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41237.-U~.^jo J—«oj;
41238J..30«-3
41239^-io;
41240y—l
41241^*j
41242I.
41243Here the extracl
41244in G (2) and L (1) ends. Whatfollows
41245Ls in G 23V
41246> b(3)and
41247L
41248106 v°a.— 2. Mss.
41249om. » —
412503. Here
41251Lhe extracts
41252in G
41253(3) and L
41254end. — 4. Ms. u»o^.a».
41255the Son and lhe Holy Spirit.
41256But at those who resemble the Romans both in
41257impiety and
41258in ignorance, the Jebusites
41259'
41260,
41261I am greatly surprised, since they
41262have
41263in clumsy fashion and by a new and very crass expression named the
41264lloly Trinity a
41265Trinity
41266of hypostases'
412672
41268.
41269Aword componnded in
41270this way
41271I
41272have never
41273tili
41274this day heard;
41275i'or
41276iL leads us
41277to
41278understand
41279that
41280threc
41281glorified hypostases do
41282not exist apart, but one that takes three
41283forms and
41284changes now into
41285lhe hypostasis
41286of
41287the
41288Father, now into
41289that of the Son,
41290now
41291into
41292the hypostasis of the
41293lloly Spirit, and that
41294it
41295is
41296one,
41297but changes
41298person
412993 as in a theatre
413004
41301, and speaks or acts now as l'rom the person
413023 of the
41303Father, now as from the person" of the Son, now as
41304IVoin the person
413053 of the
41306lloly Spirit, as the witless Sabellius the Libyan was pleased to hold.
41307XXIII.
41308Ag.MN
41309OF
41310THE
41311SAME,
41312FROM
41313TUE
41314LETTER
41315TO
41316T1IK
41317PRESBVTERS
41318AND
41319ARCHIMANDR1TES,
41320JONATHAN
41321AND
41322SAMUEL
41323AND
41324JOHN,
41325WHO
41326WERE
41327STANDING
41328i.
41329[.
41330e.
41331the
41332inhabitants
41333of Jerusalem —
413342. The
41335word
41336is
41337perh.
41338rpiun6<jT<xTo;.
41339--
413403. Or
41341'raask'
41342or
41343'character'
41344(7i(X5crw7tov). — QcaTpov.
p. 229
41345[45]
41346XXIII. - TO JONATHAN, SAMUEL, AXD JOHN.
41347217
41348•:«^im^ rsf&"wm r^ioijaa /rsfivuTvln
41349'njajr^n
41350• .^ooi^ \okj/
41351.
41352., vi \Y
41353+o
41354.1-icbo.is
41355yOoi^jL^
41356,o^iö.\l °\l?
41357••1-'"^. V^?/
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41366J~^/ ^axi
41367)„-._flOo/
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41371.''IK-^^a
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41411>r> Vi
41412JJ/'
41413..,^_J^
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41422^-* ^aS.
41423fk_./
41424*~^. V"""^01
41425f"*"3 'J*^
41426^*OuK_/
41427-,^.0(\.D
41428| £^
414291 V—— /
41430x--»?
41431vf^Oi
41432.(.i^fcooo
41433J^CLft.*AO0
41434J VlO l fl\ ^.4
41435^^eu'oi
41436JoC^s
41437,.—ii ^a~iöjo .^.i^io
41438JJ jo
41439)w^^l^
41440^ö.*'
41441' aN\? M^ll T^
41442l. Ms.
41443;=-»/<. —
414442. Marg.
41445Uo
41446L»<ua:^>
41447U.3-»;
41448|LooM=o
41449U*oo^> U3^-». —
41450;!. Ms. I^o^mo. —
414511.
41452In erasure.
41453l'.Mi r b.
41454ON
41455PILLARS,
41456AND
41457ALL
41458THE
41459REST
41460OK
41461THE
41462ORTHODOX
41463' WHO
41464ASSEMBLED
41465IN
41466THE
41467CHURCH
41468OF THE
41469CITY
41470OF AnBAR, AND
41471IN
41472THE CHURCH
41473OF
41474HlRTHA dNü'mAN.
41475For he
41476said,
41477« Go make
41478disciples
41479of
41480all
41481uations,
41482baptizing them
41483in tho
41484519-38 (?)
41485nanie of the Father and tho Son, and the Holy Spirit
41486» 2
41487; so that there
41488is a
41489Holy
41490Trinity,
41491divided
41492and
41493distinct
41494in
41495hypostases,
41496bnt
41497not
41498divided
41499in one
41500essence
415013 and Godhead, and kingship and glory and
41502eternity and the other
41503attribntes which God has by nature.
41504For the Father has one thing livpo-
41505statically, fatherhood, and the fact that he
41506is nnbegotten; and the Son again
41507has
41508one
41509thing
41510hypostatically,
41511sonship, and
41512the
41513fact that he was
41514begotten
41515by the
41516Father; and
41517the Holy
41518Spirit again
41519has one thing,
41520the
41521fact that he
41522was not begotten, but proceeds eternally without beginning from the Fatlier
41523:
41524for in virtue of these things distinctness of person belongs to each one of them,
41525that
41526is,
41527is marked
41528out and
41529defined
41530for
41531the
41532hypostases,
41533but
41534all
41535the
41536other
41537attributes
41538are, as
41539I have said, common, equal in honour and undivided, and
41540such
41541as show
41542that we
41543for our part
41544have believed
41545in one God, and
41546in one
415471.
41548öpOdooEoi. —
415492.
41550Matth.,
41551xxviii.
4155219. —
41553:i.
41554oCaia.
p. 230
41555218
41556LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
41557[46]
41558^_io ^3/
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41652r&jjj:^
41653rs^&rsf
41654^jIx,
41655essence
416563
41657, and he exists and is made known in ihrce hypostases.
41658For the Son
41659was
41660begotten by
41661the
41662Father,
41663and the
41664Spirit
41665proceeds
41666from
41667the
41668Father,
41669although
41670eternally
41671and without
41672time,
41673and
41674their ascent
41675is
41676to
41677him,
41678as
41679to
41680a
41681root and
41682sonrce,
41683and
41684from him
41685they
41686are, though they
41687are not
41688aftcr
41689him.
41690And
41691for
41692this reason, while we
41693confess
41694tliree
41695hypostases, we do not believe
41696in three
41697first eauses, but one first cause, and one kingship.
41698After pursuing
41699the matter so
41700far we praisc only and do
41701not investigate what the unbegot-
41702tenness
41703of the
41704Father
41705is,
41706or what
41707the generation
41708of the Son
41709is,
41710or what
41711the procession
41712of the
41713lloly
41714Spirit
41715is;
41716for
41717tliesc
41718things
41719are known only
41720by
41721the Father who begot and the Son who was begotten, and the Holy
41722Spirit
41723who proceeds
41724from the
41725Father
41726:
41727but he
41728requires us to know ihrongli these
41729things
41730that we
41731are
41732to confess one essence
41733' and Godhead,
41734made known
41735in
41736three
41737distinct hypostases.
41738WlV. —
41739Of
41740the
41741holt
41742Mau
41743Severus,
41744from
41745tue
41746letteh
41747w
417481
41749he
41750wrote
41751TO
41752JoiIX
41753THE
41754GhHIST-LOVING
41755ROMAN
417562
41757,
41758SHOWING
41759WHAT
41760IS
41761SIGNIFIED
417621:1
41763\
41764PERSON
41765BEING
41766DIPPED
41767THREE
41768TIMES,
41769AND
41770WI1Y
41771CHRIST
41772CAME
41773TO
41774BAPTISM
41775WHEN
41776Uli WAS
41777150 YEARS
41778OI.H
41779; AND
41780HE
41781SHOWS
41782FURTHER WHAT
41783IS
41784Tllli NATURE
41785l. m<7 :.%. —
41786•-'.
41787I.
41788e. soldier,
41789in Greek (rrpaTiwniv
41790p.
4179150,
41792n.
417931).
p. 231
4179447]
41795XXIV. — TO JOHN THE ROMAN.
41796219
41797n_h-3
41798^73 ^^n^^Qj
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41878ioo
418791. Ms.
41880ooi- —
418812.
41882Ms.
41883ooi P^^^». with
41884lasl
41885two
41886letters
41887of former wind
41888deleted.
41889OF
41890THE
41891CONFIRMATION
41892BY
41893OINTMENT
41894WITH
41895WHICH
41896THOSE WHO
41897HAVE
41898BEEN
41899BAPTIZED
41900ARE CONFIRMED
41901AFTER
41902BAPTISM.
41903For the same baptism
41904is both performed in the name of the Iloly Trinity,
41905and by the triple dipping it
41906is further signified that the man who
41907is baptized
41908is biiried with Christ.
41909Of the same
41910to John
41911the Roman
41912on
41913the fad
41914that
41915holy
41916baptism
41917is performed
41918in
41919the
41920name
41921of
41922the
41923Trinity,
41924und
41925by
41926flu-
41927person
41928being
41929immersed
41930three
41931times
41932within the water
41933it
41934is signified thabhe
41935is buried with
41936Christ, and why Christ nunc
41937came
41938to baptism when he was 30
41939years old.
41940Für that the Father and
41941the Son and
41942the Holy
41943Spirit should be named
41944on the
41945occasion of baptism
41946For
41947liow
41948[can] they who
41949liave
41950not
41951participated
41952in
41953flesh
41954nor been humanized
41955the only Son
41956and
41957\,Yord who was begotten by the Father?
41958For
41959tliere
41960are indeed manv
41961rites
41962that
41963are
41964performed,
41965and
41966look
41967to
41968the same
41969origin.
419701.
41971(lüpov.
p. 232
41972220
41973LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
41974[48]
41975.JiacLco
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42046oolo
42047.-J.JU«,
42048I.
42049ili-ii:
42050begins
42051another
42052extract
42053in
42054II
4205512
42056r°, headed
42057low
42058»o\ots.l
42059Uiz*
42060^cäil ^
42061,:>
42062U-*> ^&»? ooL
42063l^ia.-ava^ \Ll
42064: U~»-x> —
420652.
42066II ^^o- —
420673.
42068II
42069|taioo3.». —
420704. H om. —
420715. F v
42072--i"i
42073|
42074C^.&-=i
42075|LoV-^>»i.,
42076II
42077|c^.V^»i.
42078for |toV-Äv- —
420796.
42080II Kol-äX«.»». —
420817. Here the cxtracl ends.
42082But each
42083,
42084so
42085that
42086even
42087the uuderstandings
42088are confused.
42089Of this
42090I
42091in one of my treatises which
42092I wrote
42093.
42094.
42095. about interpre-
42096tations.
42097There aftcr examining the question why the Lord came to baptism
42098wlicn he was 30 years
42099of age in the
42100flesh
42101I
42102said
42103at one time that
42104it was in
42105order to show that the new hirth begets men full-grown in reasonable age, for
42106so also the
42107first man was created full-grown, and immediately as full-grown
42108received
42109a eommandment and
42110a law, and was given pcrmission
42111to
42112tili and
42113keep Paradise, and the words which
42114follow
42115'
42116; and at another that by means
42117of three periods comprised
42118in three decads which make 30 years he signi-
42119fied the mystery that was revealed on the Jordan, that one Godhead
42120is made
42121known
42122in three complete hypostases, by which
42123holy baptism
42124in the
42125Fathcr
42126and the Son and the
42127Hol}'
42128Spirit was
42129to be performed.
42130That these things
42131introduce no confusion Gregory the Theologian in the sermon on the Passover
42132states as follows
42133:
42134« The Lord's passion -, the passion
421352
42136, and again
42137I say the
42138passion
421392
42140,
42141in
42142honour of the
42143Holy
42144Trinity
42145»
421463
42147;
42148tliough
42149I know
42150that no
42151olhcr
42152i.
42153Mai,
42154Class. Ami.,
42155X,
42156H5.
42157The
421582nd reason
42159is
42160not in
42161the
42162i>iinled text. —
421632. Greg, mitsxx,
42164which
42165the translator
42166lins misunderstood. —
421673.
42168Or.
42169\i.v,
421702.
p. 233
42171[49]
42172XXIV. — TO
42173.IOIIN
42174Till. ROMAN.
42175221
42176JlaJSs^fcCix -.^.-^ot ^5o )»— ^^Jli»
42177v*-^. ^l -HJ"«-^^
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422071 jK^sj^iO )K—3j;
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42220I.
42221II. iv begins another extrael
42222in
42223II
4222412
42225r" headed
42226: ^^o i^=o. —
422272. F vxo &>*.». but o was originally
42228written
42229aflcr * —
422303.
42231II ^-u^-ja»»- —
42232\.
42233I) <?°j;9 — 5.
42234II i»^ t^j
42235^-=
422366.
42237II
42238U«ß>*°v:>. —
422397.
4224011
42241"*.».
42242^wa2 ^>.o
42243•. U»V
42244\*.?ClD Vo |l^.iO<ii.»- _
42245s.
42246II ^01
42247>a-i.. —
422489, p ,^~co[.£s». _
42249|(i.
42250|| ^ w ^ovvaa.
42251undertook the saving passion on our behalf in tlie ilesh except God
42252tlie Word,
42253who became incarnate
42254for our race.
42255For
42256tlie whole of the saving Huma-
42257nization has
42258this
42259effect,
42260that
42261the mystety of the Holy Trinity
42262is revealed to
42263ns, althöugh you speak of the birth in flesh, or of the Gross or of the hurial,
42264or
42265of the
42266Resurrection
42267from among the
42268dead,
42269dividing the
42270Ilumanization
42271into many elements.
42272For indeed
42273in each of these we confess that \ve know
42274the Trinity, in that we indicate upon our faces
42275that the
42276sign of the revered
42277Cross
42278is a
42279dissolver
42280of every
42281evil
42282iniluence;
42283and, when
42284therefore we
42285sign
42286ourselves, we
42287sign
42288three times? and we show that
42289it
42290is through the Cross
42291that we have obtained knowledge
42292in the Trinity.
42293And this
42294sign
42295is a thing
42296v\ hich makes known and completes all things that are donc among Christians;
42297and
42298it is everywhere adopted,
42299at
42300the Performance of baptism,
42301at
42302tlie
42303conse-
42304cration of water,
42305at the celebration of the
42306rational,
42307spiritual
42308sacrifice, and
42309at
42310the
42311symbolic
42312and
42313ineffable
42314ordinations
42315to
42316tlie
42317priesthood
42318of those who
42319are duly appointed
42320to the sacred
42321ministry,
42322though
42323in
42324all
42325these
42326things we
42327do
42328not
42329call upon one
42330of the hypostases
42331only,
42332that
42333is God
42334the Word who
p. 234
423359
42336XXV
42337G 64 r b
42338' 64 v" a
42339222
42340LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
42341[50]
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42372.
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42397j_sfco y>o^ ^^po/ .c*Sj ^^3
42398^ok,i.>n\
42399o/ -.^H2>
42400was humanized,
42401bat on
42402the
42403three
42404together,
42405the
42406Fathcr,
42407the
42408Son, and the
42409Holy
42410Spirit,
42411indicating that
42412it
42413is by the power
42414of the
42415Cross that we have
42416partaken of
42417all these things and have obtained knowledge
42418in them'.
42419XXV. — Of
42420tue
42421holy Severus,
42422the letter that was written
42423by
42424hi.m
42425TO THE
42426EMESENES.
42427512-8.
42428To the devout presbyters
42429and
42430orthodox
424312 deacons, and
42432to the
42433rest who
42434compose the holy order
424353 of the clergy*, and to the magnificent and Christ-
42436loving magistrates
42437of the
42438city, and
42439to
42440all
42441the
42442people
42443of the
42444holy church,
42445Severus greeting in our Lord.
42446To
42447those who
42448are
42449not
42450wise
42451in
42452their
42453mind
42454or
42455are
42456otherwise
42457without
42458intelligence, and are lacking in true Instruction, the holy Scripture gives the
42459proper rule
42460and
42461place,
42462in
42463order that their emptiness
42464of mind
42465and
42466lack
42467of
42468Instruction may bc turned
42469to wisdom
42470:
42471Cor
42472indeed
42473it commands those who
42474are such both to learn and to ask, or to be silent altogether; forthe holy book
42475l.
42476\ Greek extracl from
42477a
42478letter
42479Lo John
42480the
42481soldier
42482is published
42483in Cramer,
42484Cat.
42485in
42486Act.
42487Apost.,
42488p.
42489136, which from
42490the subjecl seems
42491to
42492belong
42493to
42494this
42495letter. —2.
42496öp868o!joi. —
424973.
42498liiv-a. —
42499\.
42500xXfjpo?.
p. 235
42501[51]
42502XXV. — T(> THE EMESENES.
42503223
42504,^.mV
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42593of Proverbs somewhere
42594Said
42595:
42596« To the
42597fool who asketh wisdom shall be
42598reckoned
42599: but, wben a man maketh himself silent, he is thought to be wise »
42600'.
42601But the man who keeps this rule
42602it raises and advances, and incites to learn
42603ihings that are of nse and profit, and
42604it says,
42605« Give thine heart to wisdom,
42606and prepare
42607thine
42608ears
42609for words
42610of understanding
42611»'-.
426121 am
42613surprised
42614therefore that the brother whom you mention (out of tenderness for bis soul
42615I
42616do not mention bis name) did not know
42617liis own measure, and,
42618besides
42619nol
42620knowing
42621originally the
42622subject on which
42623lie was
42624talking,
42625neglected
42626this
42627legallyestablisbed and
42628salutary
42629rule;
42630and, when
42631he
42632ought
42633to have bent
42634a
42635ear of understanding to those who are wiser than he is,
42636he on the contrary
42637threatened
42638to takc the ignoranqp that
42639is
42640in bim to
42641the
42642city of Alexandria,
42643like an invincible warrior, who
42644is aide to overcome and take captive
42645all that
42646meet him, and seil them where he likes.
42647Therefore
42648I have both accepted your
42649wisdom
42650in the Lord,
42651which
42652is worthy of the church and very honourable,
42653and your patience, which
42654is
42655such
42656as
42657belits
42658Christians, and
42659have crowned
42660them
42661also
42662with
42663a
42664decree
42665of many
42666praises,
42667since
42668in accordance
42669with
42670the
42671apostolic model you
42672both
42673received and
42674admonished him
42675as
42676your member
42677and brother
426783
42679, and brought forward the teachings of the holy fathers.
42680And,
426811. Prov., xvn,
4268228. —2.
42683Id., xxin,
4268412. — 3.
42685II
42686Th-, m,
4268715.
42688»
4268964
42690\
42691b
p. 236
42692LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
4269352
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42818Ms
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42822'.
42823Ms
42824^"U..
42825wliereas youonce and twice secretly
42826and openly refuted and eorrected
42827liim
42828011
42829the
42830points on whieb
42831he
42832spoke
42833withonf
42834knowledge, and
42835he was
42836again
42837involved in the same
42838error-, and von
42839behaved
42840like doctors and churchmen,
42841and on
42842all
42843sides seek
42844to gain Ins
42845salvation, and bv
42846actual deeds shpw
42847thal
42848you look
42849to the apostolic commandment which commands,
42850Let everything
42851be done
42852decently and in Order »',
42853but
42854he, though he was thoughl worthy
42855to
42856reeeive
42857so much attention,
42858had m> merey on
42859his
42860soul,
42861and did
42862not restrain
42863hiinself so
42864as to show moderation and huiuility,
428651 expressed blame and
42866a1 the
42867same time sliowed merey and still show merev. sinee ignorance is free froin dan-
42868ger*, for a man is not Llamed because he does not know.
42869He is trying tobring
42870npon himself the sin that does
42871not
42872deserve forgiveness,
42873in
42874that
42875he does
42876not
42877vield to those who are wise among the brethren,
42878or seek
42879t'rom wiser men ä
42880eure for
42881Ins
42882ignorance by
42883desire
42884to
42885learn.
42886but
42887pettily
42888searehes
42889into thiags
42890that are nnknown and uncertain, and does
42891lii- best
42892to
42893find men to share
42894Ins
42895opinions,
42896in order thal
42897he mav
42898seem
42899to
42900he
42901saying something when
42902he
42903is
42904-
42905ing nothing that
42906is sound.
42907But
42908the other tbings which he said without
42909-
p. 237
42910XXV. - TO
42911IHK EMESI NES
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43008bas
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43011come
43012to honour by
43013süenee,
43014in
43015that he
43016the pas«
43017_•-
43018from
43019the
43020holy
43021fathers
43022[ that were
43023brought
43024him; and he was reduced
43025to one
43026[
43027.
43028the words
43029the holyCyril
43030in
43031the
43032.
43033inst
43034the
43035blasph
43036follo
43037l
43038I who
43039i» from God
43040the Pather took
43041:'
43042and came forth as
43043;i man
43044lil
43045.uld not for thi-
43046> double
43047tliin;.'.
43048Kor he
43049ia one, an<J not withont Qesh, who
43050in hü own nal
43051itli'.ut Qesh and
43052l>l
43053on had anoted to him the
43054s wo:
43055he
43056"[.•-•:
43057that after Tua
43058i Rest
43059rnii-
43060God
43061the Word
43062is withont
43063des)
43064- mch as
43065he put
43066off
43067that which was withont
43068^Variation
43069and withont
430701
43071statically
43072anited
43073to
43074bim,
43075a tbing
43076that
43077is beyond
43078all
43079impiety and
43080profanil
43081'hat
43082.
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43088.
43089C]
43090*c<ml
43091-
43092tbe Incaroalio
43093.vi bluod'.
43094— T.
43095.\
4309600.
p. 238
43097* 65 va.
43098226
43099LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
43100[54]
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431911. Ms.
43192oai.
43193everyone who Las natural (I
43194will not say, spiritual) intelligence must wunder
43195if a fact which
43196is so universally admitted has ever been made
43197a
43198subject
43199of
43200contention, and has
43201' passed the
43202lips of anyone who has duly believed
43203in our
43204one Lord and God rand Saviour
432052 Jesus Christ.
43206If he were skilled in divine
43207doctrine, he should have (to omit everything eise) considered the anathemas
43208of Gregory the Theologian, who in the great letter to Cledohius which beging,
432091 wonder what this innovation
43210is',
43211clearly lays down these principles
43212in
43213it,
43214«
43215If anyone says that the flesh
432163 was now laid down by him, and the Godhead
43217is stripped of a body, and does not confess that he botli is and will come with
43218the thing assumed itself, may he not see the glory of bis coming.
43219For where
43220is the body now except with him who assumed it? For
43221it has not been
43222laid
43223np in the snn, as the silly tale of the Manichees goes, in order that
43224lie may be
43225honoured
43226tlirougli
43227the
43228object
43229of contempt, or
43230diffused and dissolved
43231in
43232the
43233air,
43234like the nature of a voice and
43235the wafting of a smell, and
43236llie course
43237of
43238lii>lilnin<T that does not stand
43239still.
43240But what becomes
43241of the
43242fact thal
43243lie
43244was actually touched after the Kesurrcction, or that he will again some time
43245I.
43246Sic. —
43247'2. A.
43248v. (C) um. — ü.
43249Sev. Iherel'oretlid nol read iyiav
43250: see Migne,
43251n.
4325240.
p. 239
43253[55]
43254XXV. — TO TUE EMESENES.
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433891. Here begins an extract in M 32 v° b, headed
43390: >K v5ucm^ .wl»*»}
43391\~J^~ ^^j
43392\ L '*<^
43393*J° l'ol*» \nf<
43394^pmüvo.iiSo ^.vi^l-. —
433952. C
43396sing. — 3. Here the cxtraol
43397ends.
43398be Seen by those who pierced him?
43399For the Godhead by
43400itself is invisible.
43401But he will comc with the body, according to my account, and such as he was
43402seen by, or was shown to, the disciples on the mount, inasmuch as the Godhead
43403easily overcomes the flesh
43404» '.
43405Who that reads these words resplendent with
43406truth,
43407and flashing with the rays
43408of the Holy Spirit,
43409will dare
43410to say that
43411the Word of God, who was humanized immutably and without any phantasy
434122
43413,
43414is
43415without
43416flesh
43417after
43418the
43419inexpJicable and incomprehensible
43420union?
43421Ac-
43422cordingly
43423it
43424is clear that you
43425also
43426liave not gone beyond what
43427is
43428fitting
43429in
43430opposing the
43431precipitous
43432error
43433of that man and saying in order to remove
43434him from this error,
43435« The words used by the doctor about the Word of God,
43436'In
43437liis ownnature he
43438is without flesli and blood
434391
43440, refer to the time before the
43441Hunianization
43442».
43443Indeed,
43444since he
43445himself said
43446that
43447'he
43448is
43449one,
43450and not
43451without flesh', how can it be anything but wliollv unreasonable, and presump-
43452tuous and irreverent, for us to gainsay
43453this, and contend that he
43454is without
434551. Ep.
43456101
43457(/>.
43458<;.. XXXVII.
43459181). —
434602. MvTMia.
43461PATB. OR. —
43462T.
43463XII. —
43464F.
434652.
43466l(i
43467G5
43468V"
43469I).
43470' Cß r a.
p. 240
43471228
43472LKTTK.11S OK SEVERUS.
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435844. Ms. U^».
43585flesli?
43586But
43587llio wörds whicli
43588he went
43589011
43590to add, 'who
43591in
43592liis own nature is
43593without flesh andblood',plainlyintroduce thisthought, that in
43594liis own nature,
43595that is
43596in
43597tlie Godhead,
43598lie
43599lias no association with
43600flesli and blood.
43601He did
43602not t'ake the
43603flesli into the fulness of
43604liis own divine nature and mix it with
43605it,
43606nor did he mingle
43607it with his own Godhead, but that
43608in the dispensatory as-
43609sumption we might understand him to be not without flesli, Emmanuel being
43610wonderfuliy composed und
43611cönsisting
43612of two
43613Clements, the Godhead and
43614the manhood
43615: but even so he preserved
43616tlie absence of mixture in the divine
43617essence', aud
43618did not change
43619the essence'
43620of the Godhead
43621into
43622the
43623nature
43624of
43625flesh.
43626And
43627that
43628this
43629is
43630so
43631I bring as a witness
43632to the aecuraey
43633of
43634bis
43635doctrines the doctor himself, who by
43636the Operation of the lloly Spirit
43637is
43638an
43639aecurate
43640doctor.
43641In
43642the
43643first
43644tetter
43645to
43646Succensus, when
43647certain
43648inen
43649had
43650advanced a similar objeetion, he expressed himself
43651t litis
43652:
43653« Since
436541 found in
436551.
43656oücjia.
p. 241
43657[57]
43658XXV. — TO TUE EMESENES.
4365922!)
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43750i" b.
43751..ca.
43752the memorial an assertion of litis kind stated, that sincethe Resurrection the
43753holy body of Christ
43754tlie Saviour
43755of us
43756all
43757lias passed into the nature
43758of the
43759Godhcad, so as to be
43760all Godhead only,
43761I thought
43762it right
43763to speak againsl
43764tliis
43765also
43766».
43767And thereupon,
43768aflcr
43769he
43770has above
43771in
43772a
43773brief compass gone
43774througb all the statement
43775ol" the dispensation of the Humanization, he brings
43776against
43777it this argument
43778:
43779«
43780It
43781is impossible for a body taken from earth
43782to
43783endure the change into ihe divine nature.
43784And,
43785if not, \ve bring against the
43786Godhead the charge that it is as^t thing that is made and as a thing that has
43787taken into it something that is not its by nature »
43788'
43789. See
43790! höw plainly he denies
43791that
43792the
43793divinity of the Word has
43794taken anything into
43795its
43796essence
437972 which
43798is not
43799its by nature, though
43800\vc confess
43801thal
43802flosh possessing an intelligent
43803soul was taken by God the Word, and he
43804united this to hini hypostatically,
43805but not so that anything shoüld be added to his divine essence
438062
43807, as
43808if it were
43809deficient (for he
43810is truly complete
43811in everything), but that from the unmixed
43812union of the Incarnation, and the composition out of two elements, the Godhead
438131. Ep. 45 (P.
438140., LXXVII, 233,
43815230). —
438162.
43817oüffio.
p. 242
43818G6
43819v°
438201>
43821230
43822LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
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439431 ^ erased
43944and
43945the
43946manliood, Emmanuel
43947should bc made up, who
43948in
43949onc hypostasis
43950is ineffably composite; not simple, but composite
43951:
43952as the soul of a man likc
43953ns, which by naturc
43954is bodiless and rational, which
43955is
43956naturally intertwined
43957with the body, remains in its suprasensual and bodiless nature, but by reason
43958of the
43959composition with
43960the body makes up
43961one
43962composite
43963animal,
43964man.
43965Aceonliii^ly the assumption
43966of the body makes no addition to the essenee'
43967of the
43968soul,
43969but makes
43970up
43971the
43972composite
43973animal,
43974as
43975it
43976is
43977reasonable
43978to
43979understand with
43980regard
43981to
43982the
43983theory
439842
43985of Emmanuel
43986also.
43987The Word did
43988not take the flesh
43989intelligently possessed of a soul
43990in order to complete bis
43991beiug God, as we havc said, butthat one hypostasis might be wonderfully and
43992imniutalily made
43993up
43994out of two Clements, the Godhead we mean and the
43995manhood, and the one incarnate nature of the Word himself, and one person
43996:
43997for
43998the Word of God, according
43999to the saying
44000of Paul the
44001apostlc, partook
44002of blood and
44003flesh after our pattern*.
44004And that
44005this is so the approved Cyril
44006l'urther shows
44007in
44008the
44009letter
44010to Valerian
44011bishop
44012of Iconium; who wrote
44013as
44014follows
44015:
44016« For God and man did not come together, as thcy say, and make
44017u)>
44018I. oioia. —
44019i.
44020Gstöp'a. — 3. Hehr..
44021II,
4402214.
p. 243
44023[59]
44024XXV. — TO TIIK EMESENES.
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44154one
44155Clirist;
44156but, as
44157I
44158liave alrcady
44159said, the Word, being
44160God, partook
44161of
44162blood and
44163flesh like us, in order
44164that he may be known to be God who was
44165humanized, and who took onr üesh, and made this
44166his, because, as
44167tlie man
44168who was composed of soul and body
44169is known
44170to be one, so also now
44171' he
44172is acknowledged to be one Son and Lord.
44173For one nature and hypostasis
44174of a man
44175is acknowledged, though he
44176is known
44177to be made
44178of diverse and
44179heterogeneous elements
44180:
44181for the body is truly
44182dilTerent
44183in nature from the
44184soul; but
44185it
44186belongs
44187to
44188it, and with
44189it makes up the hypostasis of the one
44190man.
44191And
44192in mental conception and in theory the differenee
44193of the things
44194that have been named
44195is not obscure, but by combination and concurrence
44196that cannot be cut asunder one anttnal, man, is made up.
44197The Word thercfore,
44198the Only one of God, did not come forth as man by taking a man, but, though
44199his birth from the Father is inelfable, he became man by forming a man- for
44200himself through the Holy Spirit which is of one essence with him.
44201Accord-
44202ingly he
44203is known
44204to be
44205one, though
44206in the theory which
44207is according to
44208reason
44209his own body
44210is
44211diffcrent
44212in nature from himself.
44213Let
44214it therefore
44215be
44216everywhere
44217acknowledged
44218that
44219he was
44220not without
44221soul,
44222but
44223that he
44224was possessed of an intelligent soul »
442253
44226.
44227Similarly also in the second volume
44228''
4422967
44230i"a.
4423167
44232r°b.
442331.
44234Cyr.
44235«vtö;. —
442362. Cyr.
44237vstdv. —
44238:!. Ep.
44239.vi
44240(/'.
44241<;.. LXXVII,
44242257).
442431.
44244xo[J.o;.
p. 244
44245G7 va.
44246232
44247LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
44248[60]
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44325v^co
44326-otoK_./ a^j
44327..^^-ooi
44328ya.^ sJUlo!/ )K*^oojld Jla^—js
44329*S;
44330-J;ot
44331^ecs.
44332^-.;
44333);oj JIKj/ ^>o
44334-otok_./j
44335Jo£$5\ —oioK../
44336ooi p
44337och;
44338.»j^ia*
44339J.-V-.V3
44340v^o
44341Jj-3
44342,»-o
44343).-«.^.xio ,_ -JtC^io
44344j^v
44345t-~j
44346-oi .|J^-.K— o^o Jv*—=i
44347-.J-JQ«
44348J—=>Ji
44349,1't-^o/? ^*3oi
44350-ch
44351.Jjl»/
44352V-30
44353J.io;o
44354Jc-oa-s
44355^-io
44356"
44357t ^.\.
44358oub*...;
44359Li, «•>->;
44360oöio
44361J^^Q..^ ^io V^00 °-^°
44362.***01oK-./
44363against the blasphemies of Nestorius he clearly teaches that the assumption
44364of flesh
44365diel not pass
44366into the Godhead
44367of the Word, but
44368that the Word of
44369God remained in his own nature, and apart from flesh, but by the immutablc
44370combination with flesh
44371it was wisely and beyond all reason and understanding
44372brought
44373about
44374that
44375one
44376Christ
44377should
44378be
44379marvellously made
44380up;
44381for
44382he
44383speaks
44384tlius
44385:
44386« Accordingly confess
44387one,
44388not
44389dividing the natures,
44390whilc
44391yon knowand understand that to flesh belongs one principle, and to Godhead
44392that which
44393befits
44394it
44395only.
44396For we do
44397not say that the
44398flesh
44399of the Word
44400became Godhead,
44401but
44402rather
44403that
44404it
44405is
44406divine
44407as
44408being
44409Ins.
44410For,
44411as
44412the
44413flesh of a man
44414is called
44415his, on what ground
44416is
44417it
44418not
44419right
44420for us
44421also
44422to
44423call that of the Word
44424divine?
44425»
44426And again farther on
44427:
44428«
44429If therefore
44430he
44431were a wise and
44432intelligent man
44433at
44434all, he should say that the body
44435is from
44436a woman, but confess besides that by being combinedin hypostatic imion with
44437the Word it has made up one Christ and one Son, and one Lord, who being
44438the same
44439is God and man
44440»
44441'.
44442The
44443expressions therefore
44444that are used by
44445this genuine and very aecurate father,
44446'
44447for he
44448is one, and not without
44449llesh',
44450and,
44451' he who in his own nature
44452is apart from llesh and blood
44453', demonstrate
44454i
44455\<\\.
44456Nest.,
44457ii.
444588,
4445913
44460ed. Pusey,
44461VI,
44462p.
44463120,
44464130
44465,
p. 245
44466>7 v°b.
44467[6 1]
44468XXV. — TO THE EMESENES.
44469233
44470Jlaa^aJ^; .JK-^^ ÖuM ^ -Oi.1/; ^-/ ^? U*"l
44471/i-O-^O
44472J,ot
444736iv^u JK.£^~*>
44474jJo jK^ajo jK-^b^o;
44475JJ/ .)vi&^ <*^pö Uäk>U p o/
444766
44477Jla^axia^ V^
44478K-Jj^t^-^Aio
44479JJo JJ.*V~*
44480JJ/
44481.vS^w-jl
44482JJ J^^ojld ok
44483,_.^;fco>o JM?°<*-
44484<h^-j
44485v^o«? ^*^-JJ° vßu^iaAo vJH^t"3
44486-ö*-^-?
44487J^~aV;o
44488.
44489• ) N-*.iOQJLO IIa-.»—;
44490J.2^-*oa
44491JJJb» .sA^iCL^
44492*^*-s
44493J?
44494Jj—^ ^ ^-/
44495J^uaooJJ; -öt
44496.^.ojl^'
44497J^-fcC^o
44498"^fco^
44499|;oi p
44500.-JjLXL.oi.ttt
44501JJ^-Uvlk-s
44502vattJJ
44503JfcC^tt JojSst
44504Jjlo ,— ^.JL^tktt
44505Jtouso .J^ *2l^w»KjW?
44506^-J-tatt jK-oj^.
44507)i^s-Jis.-
44508JJ
44509v--t^J
44510.J-ofcoöo
44511J-öt
44512voouja-.^
44513v^ J oi? .^VW
44514-t m '|V> ;
44515>eu.p°
44516s-2»
44517? °«
44518Uj»--3 ?
44519\^*!Q-i0 ? -«-* •'jkj^ö JlaA-Mt
44520Jl.ooCS.JJ
44521JK-Oto
44522yslofcoutto
44523*
44524JKu>.tt
44525Joi^JJ
44526»slojI*/
44527JK-*J-sa~ Jlatt—;j» .'x^P
44528/
44529v°-"?«?
44530y-'l
44531*' S|
445321. Ms. !&*»» —
445332. Ms.
44534|lo»i^-
44535this,
44536as
44537is
44538plain from
44539what
44540we
44541have demonstrated,
44542that
44543in
44544the
44545dispen-
44546satory conjunction he
44547is not withont
44548ilesh
44549:
44550for he
44551is one composed
44552of two
44553elements,
44554the Godhead and the manhood, which have a perfect existence
44555in
44556their own sphere
44557;
44558but in
44559his own nature he
44560is known to be apart from ilesh
44561and blood, and withont a body
44562; not that he mingled fiesh witli the nature or
44563with
44564the
44565essenee
44566'
44567of the Godhead,
44568but
44569that
44570he kept the Godhead sublime
44571and pure and unmixed, in the characteristics of its own incorporeal character,
44572as also he
44573did not change the manhood which was hypostatically united
44574to
44575him, but kept
44576it free and withont change in its own characteristics.
44577\\ herc-
44578fore
44579also one may
44580see
44581that
44582Nestorius
44583and
44584those who
44585like Jews
44586hold
44587his
44588opinions
44589wisli
44590to
44591reject the absence of change of the
44592hypostatic union, and
44593to put confusion
44594into the minds of the
44595believers, while they are everywhcre
44596making
44597this
44598charge,
44599that we confess that
44600the body was changed
44601into
44602the
44603divine
44604essenee', and thereby hold one incarnate nature of God the Word,
44605and they say that they themselves
44606only, the wretched, unhappy men, keep
44607the Godhead
44608of the holy Trinily unmixed and pure, by confessing that the
44609man from Mary,
44610as
44611they themselves
44612say, in loving merey was conjoined to
446131.
44614oÜTia.
p. 246
44615CS r"b.
44616234
44617LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
44618[62]
44619ÖU^,
44620,_2>o;
44621j;ot
44622)KJ^-.^s Jlo_K-^J^o
44623.(-lOiSss U^Oxax^o
44624Jio,-30 oi\
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44627yOOiA
44628JOOIJ
44629OOI
44630v£0-J0_£s_CQJL^0
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44674Jloo»^ ^xJXSo
44675laS.
44676Jjlooi
44677vojöi
44678.jlowULO
44679'v—Vi?
44680jojoi
44681U»K_j ^a- U*-/°
44682•:>*©/
44683jloojSs
44684j.—io
44685<.J-tjQ_2Läo
44686JotSs»
44687j-w-jLiaS oi\
44688~^-JL.^io/
44689JjL^S ,—
44690;
44691..oot
44692J-xOj-a
44693.p>o>N«t
44694fco/
44695\ Vnr>;
44696y^~*)
44697)1ojlcqüo
44698«01
44699*P°/
44700,Jja3o»l»o/
44701Jlajj.^
44702Ji ^o .).^.-j.^\ o&
44703»fco.ts.io
44704jJL^a ,— ; •.V-«-^ ^-?°/
44705J n>n»
44706-ot
44707^0ioK*l
44708JLa^>aa
44709,^.;
44710)üoi
44711.JlooiSs lopo^j ouujls ^iaA
44712j^oaJLßo Jt^°
447131. Ms.
44714«*»t»— 2. Ms.
44715*«{•
44716God
44717thc Word and shares
44718with htm
44719in
44720sonship and diyine
44721authority, and
44722by this rself-created scruple
44723' they make thc Trinity a quaternity.
44724And
44725for
44726this reason thc wise
44727Cyril shows Nestorius
44728also, who was
44729their
44730leäder
44731in
44732this fatuity, speaking thus
44733:
44734« Therefore God thc Word is named Christ also,
44735because
44736he
44737has
44738the
44739eternal
44740conjnnction
44741with
44742Christ, and God
44743thc Word
44744cannot do anything withput the manhood
44745:
44746rfor he knows the
44747coalescence
44748exactly
447492
44750,
44751not with
44752the Godhead,
44753as the new wise men amoug
44754the doctors
44755say
44756»
447573
44758.
44759And the same man of small intellect weaves the same charge, and
44760in the
44761treatise
44762entitled 'Against the Theopaschites or
44763Cyrillians', whi'ch he
44764composcd in thc form of qncstion and answcr, spcaks thus
44765:
44766« The Theopaschite says
44767: 'And
44768' how can wc be accused
44769of the compo-
44770situm of the
44771Diphysites, we who
44772call Christ one incarnate nature of God;
447731
44774'
44775The orthodox'' says
44776: 'Your own refutation, whichyou think isadefence,
44777itself
44778refutes.
44779For you
44780have
44781confessed
44782fchat
44783one
44784nature
44785is
44786prepared
44787for
44788Christ, from
44789incorporeality and
44790a body, and
44791a
44792hypostasis with
44793one nature
44794l. This represents eeeioepvioxeia (Col..
4479511,
447962:!). —
447972.
44798Cyr.
44799iirt\%piSu>tai yäp
44800et« äxpav auvicpeiav. —3.
44801Ibid.,
448027 (od. l'uscy,
44803VI,
44804p.
44805116). —
448064.
44807öp96oo«o;.
p. 247
44808[63]
44809XXV. - TO TUE EMESEXES.
44810235
44811N.^)ia—\ y^-x.-Q? Jböaxo ^io
44812^--.y,« m^ Jjüls vQJom —ot .vooi^JLO
44813«.-.Vi; yQJÖtj
44814jj—JLJL
44815i~^v
44816JJ
44817.Jym i\o
44818.«a,..^
44819Jjlsoi
44820^-»/;;
44821^o*-2»
44822*pö/
44823jloojSx
44824jl~.io
44825JK^aj JloL^^a^j
44826vu|
44827)t-aa-3
44828ba^.
44829Jwia*
44830^-io
44831)t-»v=>?
44832.-)looi^ y^v
44833o/
44834.JloJ^_-^20
44835Nj/
44836i.iö/ ^0^
44837llax^euwotoo
44838JJ po/
44839J.£Cl3o;1>o/
44840*68v°a.
44841otiC^oi
44842ocn.\< -*X.oUi
44843oöti
44844La^»a*.
44845jy.,^;
44846J-«_flOo/;
44847jloo^jJj
44848J.a^.0.* *po/
44849)loc*5\
44850jl^^o
448511. M-.
44852«öl».
44853of the incarnation
44854of the Godhead.
44855But this
44856is the confusion
44857of those who
44858have two natures, that the natures themselves are deprived of the hypostases
44859which they
44860severally
44861possess,
44862that
44863are
44864confounded with
44865one
44866another'
44867»'.
44868And again farther on in the same treatise
44869:
44870« The Theopaschite says
44871: 'What do you think of an eggshell
44872(?) of water
44873that
44874has been poured
44875into
44876the
44877sea?
44878'
44879The
44880orthodox
448812
44882says
44883:
44884'What
44885eise
44886except that the unstable
44887addition of the water has disappeared
44888in the great
44889volume
44890oi' the
44891sea?
44892'
44893The Theopaschite says
44894:
44895' Something similar happened also
44896to the flesh
44897:
44898for do not think that the Godhead
44899is smaller tlian the
44900sea
44901in relation to the
44902flesh as compared with the shifting character of the eggshell'.
44903The orthodox
449042 says
44905:
44906' By
44907«
44908shifting character
44909» do you
44910raean a kind of
44911instability,
44912or the change
44913of that which was swallowed up into that which
44914swallowed
44915it up
44916?'
44917The Theopaschite says
44918:
44919' The change
44920of the essence
449213
44922of the body into
44923the Godhead
44924'.
44925The orthodox
449262 says
44927:
44928' The nature
44929of the body remaining,
44930or
44931heilig dis-
44932solved
44933into non-existence?
44934'
449351. Kampffmeyer, ap.
44936Loofs, Nestoriana,
44937p. 369, from Add.
44938172 in
44939f.
4494057
44941r° (another version). Cur ms.
44942was uiiknown
44943lo Kampffmeyer. —
449442.
44945&p668oäjos. —
449463.
44947wsta.
p. 248
44948236
44949LETTERS OF SRVE11US.
44950[64]
44951yxj*. rs^^cxu
44952Jjlj/
44953j-s» ^*po/o
44954dl^ol
44955K-iöt-o;
44956joa-./
44957:)laixJV^I^ioj
44958Jlj-.il
44959-6i .jla^J^
44960oO>. ^-po/ j^airo
44961..]k.*jfco><v.
44962Jjl2u
44963ow>.
44964K.-/j
44965Jv^-a^
44966saoliojo jjoj^^o .jlv-oiio ji^JL^Uj^Kjtio
44967JJo
44968Jjl->J3 ^ "^^s öuN-/
44969Uooi;
44970s
44971v
44972b
44973)k-;oo»-. Jfco^-coo )lav. n» öuio p ögLioo
44974Jooi smAaat . f»V^o;
44975~) °>,n «><=> /;
44976..o'^lß jla^a otlaa^vio;
44977j_öax.»
44978o»-a
44979:v£oai.» <V>o;
44980oi^>;
44981otla^ -.looi
44982-oto^../
44983.JkiL.,^5 Jlpo jfcoa.^-, JK^jK^o .-Mmsf; vxa*üa^.ÄL^a^ )ooi J-«poo
44984^_,j
44985cuot
44986J_a-.a^ ?
44987^-\ot
44988^-/;
44989vOOt^^VK-a ^*3ot p
44990<«po/
44991t-l^oio
44992I. Ms.
44993sing. —
449942. Ms. om. '
44995The Theopaschite says
44996:
44997' The ilesh passing into the nature of the Godhead
44998instead of the essence
449991 of fiesh' »-.
45000While very vainly putting together such
45001reasons against the
45002right con-
45003fession
45004of
45005the
45006Humanization,
45007as
45008I
45009said
45010before,
45011reasons
45012which
45013contend
45014against God, and saying that
45015a man should be wörshipped with the Trinity,
45016Nestorius
45017and
45018those who
45019thirik
45020with
45021him
45022State
45023of themselves
45024that
45025they
45026preserve the
45027unity of nature of
45028the three hypostases unmixed,
45029in that they
45030do not
45031confess
45032that God the Word was hypostatically united
45033to
45034ilesh
45035pos-
45036sessing an
45037intelligent
45038soul, and
45039call the union that
45040is so
45041far above
45042nature
45043and immutable and wonderful mingling.
45044Wherefore
45045also Dorotheus, who
45046became
45047bishop
45048of Marcianopolis', and belonged
45049to
45050the samc Jewish Com-
45051pany and
45052party,
45053presented
45054a
45055petition
45056to
45057Marcian's own
45058seif
45059at
45060the very
45061beginning
45062of his
45063reign,
45064and
45065found
45066fault
45067with
45068the position"
45069held
45070by
45071the
45072bishops,
45073and
45074the
45075sound
45076opinio'n
45077of
45078the
45079holy
45080ehurches;
45081and
45082he
45083speaks
45084thus
45085:
45086« Therefore,
45087merciful kings,
45088in consideration
45089of their so
45090ridiculous,
45091that
45092is
45093lamentable,
45094opinions,
45095renew
45096the
45097firm
45098maintenance
45099of
45100the
45101con-
45102naturality while
45103it
45104is
45105possible,
45106while there
45107is time,
45108by recalling
45109Nestorius
45110from
45111exile
45112:\
45113and join
45114together
45115the people
45116of Christ who
45117are divided,
45118lest,
451191.
45120ofot'a. -
451212.
45122No'l
45123otherwise known. -
451243. Zach.
45125Rh., m.
45126I:
45127P. <> VIII.
4512883 L; C. B. M.,
45129p.
45130553, 927,
45131956, 967; Le Quien,
45132I.
451331218. —
45134i. xaxäffraoi?. —
451355.
45136i|opia.
p. 249
45137[65]
45138XXV. — TO THE EMESENES.
45139237
45140JJ.o*juj>
45141la-o.*»
45142)i.o»^iLio^
45143, ) ji^t^^o Jj^iö v°JW ^oaJSoo
45144JK-«jJ^aLs£o>o
45145.ol»_~
45146.«jßo-.ia.^au
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45148l/^Jkio
45149,.0
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45152*^>
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45156.'Jl^J.
45157JJ;
45158-Ö|
45159JJl
45160•|«~^s/
45161QJlIjlO
45162..V^^SuiO;
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45164JJ.»^ |^.]^Ot
45165*-./}»
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45167JK-OwCU.O
45168J_^Ü_CD
45169)Jf>OCuS. ^.OOt
45170f3
45171.\ly~~Kj
45172la."\<
45173|N^y?t-°
45174JJ-'f^J-^
45175:otlaJLsKjLio;
45176„_iö
45177Jbo;
45178^Sl-s
45179^ool^.?<xd
45180\.x.^ß
45181oöt ^.j
45182(.ai^-a*
45183,'f^ol y^oi
45184ot.Jioia>.
45185I^Ijx^ "^iCS.
45186^.io; —öt
45187:
45188^£oa.cQJ..oo_co
45189•t-«-^
45190-oi
45191J^oias
45192jJ»
45193.J^j/
45194^_ioj
45195Ji-^? ^n imj; J-p5
45196JJ
45197•.J-.oü^ J-t*^?
45198JJ «
45199oöt ^o^io
45200öt-=> K.imi;
45201J^./'
45202^-./o -Jlt-iwa.^ ^/
45203jlook.JJ
45204öt\
45205yi»t>o/
45206JJ /°
45207V~ioJ..M
45208—ö|
45209JfK_^o*
45210JJ;
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45212t-*-^.
45213**°1
45214J^« ^*
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45218)i »n\ Jfc^oo ^^.Kjl/;
45219Jiv—/ -öto ooio .JiooCSx;
45220Jju^k.
45221Jv>*3 ^l^—ü^l;
45222JLjL*i^N-jLio
45223JJo v-^
45224JjLa!^-,lKjLio
45225JJ
45226-.JL.OO
45227]J
45228Jjotj
45229v»^^v U^*l
45230-Jt-20-2»!
45231J-iuaooJJ;
45232.-^-.po;
45233^_-.\ot
45234^_io
45235OJ...K../
45236t-*->N.
45237fl
45238'Ut"**/
45239^°l° U001
45240-.^•otoK-/
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45242>r_*;
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45244Jl^-i-S
45245.jK-'f3 ^iO ^0^0
45246J.JLJLJ* w^lXiO
45247JiooÜ^S;
45248U^2l\
45249IS^So/
45250)V^
45251vä/; '^^io
45252.J^^jLioj
45253°l*t-<^ -OtoK-/j ^-p°/
45254Sr*®
45255J.-OJSS
45256^»t^O JV^
45257(.Jjui^o)
45258.jjL^su-frsio
45259JJ
45260.s-^iopö JjJSioofcoo
45261JJ
45262),..jxi»,->o —oiol^./
45263JoiS^o
452641. Ms.
45265wCLtoiasiaai. _
452662, Ms.
45267Olli., Cyr.
45268ayiov
45269; See
45270p. 66,
45271I.
45272\.
45273as
45274I pray may not happen, the past be repeated
45275»'.
45276The holy Cyril there-
45277fore, having exposed
45278such
45279old
45280people's
45281fables and Jewish
45282tales
452832
45284in evory
45285part of his writings, in the
45286first letter to Succensus also, which
45287I mentioned
45288above,
45289said thus
45290:
45291c<
45292But
45293it
45294is
45295impossible
45296for
45297a body
45298taken from
45299earth
45300to
45301endure the change
45302into
45303the divine nature;
45304i'or
45305it cannot be done.
45306And,
45307if
45308not, \ve speak of the Godhead as a thing that
45309is made, and
45310as a thing that
45311has taken
45312into
45313it something that
45314is
45315not
45316its by nature.
45317For on the
45318score of
45319impropriety
45320it
45321is equal
45322for
45323us/*to say
45324that the body was changed
45325into
45326the
45327nature
45328oi' Godhead, and also the other thing too that the Word was changed
45329into the nature of flesh.
45330For, as this
45331is impossible
45332(for he
45333is invariable and
45334immutable), so also
45335is the other.
45336For
45337it
45338is not among possibilities that any
45339created thing can
45340pass
45341into
45342the
45343essence
45344or
45345nature
45346of
45347Godhead.
45348But the
45349body
45350too
45351is
45352a
45353created thing.
45354Accordingly we say
45355that
45356Christ's body
45357is
45358divine, because
45359it is also God's body, and resplendent with ineffable
45360glory,
45361incorruptible,
45362holy,
45363life-giving
45364:
45365but, that
45366it was changed
45367into
45368the nature
45369I. Not
45370otherwise kncwn.
45371Citations
45372from
45373the
45374tetter
45375are
45376found
45377in G
4537853
45379r
45380li
45381and
45382L
45383-i\
45384r°
45385b.
45386-
453872'.
45388I Tim.,
45389iv,
453907:
45391Tit.,
45392i.
4539314.
p. 250
4539469
45395i"
45396b.
45397238
45398LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
45399[66]
45400Jül_,_o
45401Jlöu/
45402^io
45403»ju/
45404JJo
45405..^l^-K.1a|
45406JlooiSx»
45407^.-;
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45412y~.\
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45417JJ
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45421(i^^^tO)0
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45423:jJ&täOf OIV^> w-iOjiO Jj^iofcoo
45424JJ J-^OJl^ -Ol tLlÄ^iO,
45425J-oiSs ^j J^-sojlso .Jlq^oibo
45426Jo&>JJ
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45446)-^.cdoJJ 3^~h^xl
45447)y
45448«,.,?>» ^iö ^-/
45449-.J-.oi^
45450-010K../0
45451y*~*~toi
45452)t°i\v;
45453Jjoi
45454IpcL^Ks
45455.s/»
45456J_.«_flOoJJ
45457>->,.i .'>
45458JJo
45459.-oioN-,/
45460Jou^;
45461«oioJ^—./»
45462JjjJS^j
45463k*)«U
45464-.^-oo^o
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45466.•)K—ioaJLO Jlo-.,.,^ V*^v °°l
45467t ffl">V -Jt-fiQ-^ ^o ^-=^ aü^.0 .•
45468(»—j jtC^io Joi^
45469JLiojo
45470Ji-ca.3 ^>o V^^ -.oC^-j
45471^-.;
45472)ju.aa .jk^to^o,-.
45473JjlSj
45474oj^
45475k.-/;
45476It- "
454771. Ms. om.
45478; see
45479p.
4548060,
454811.13.
45482of Godhead, none
45483of the holy
45484iat liers has
45485eitlicr thought or
45486said, nor do we
45487ourselves
45488so
45489hold
45490»'.
45491Tliis
45492fact
45493tlicreforc
45494according
45495to
45496tlic
45497exprcssion
45498of the doctor, that
45499ihe body of the Word
45500is resplendent with ineffable glory,
45501incorruptible and holy and
45502life-giving, Gregory the Theologian also
45503in the
45504demonstration contained
45505in the
45506letter to Gledonius demonstrated by saying
45507that the Godhead overcame the incarnation
455082
45509.
45510Accordingly the ilesh remained
45511flesh, even
45512after the God-befitting Resurrection and Ascension, but adorned
45513with
45514divine
45515and
45516ineffable
45517glory,
45518and
45519with
45520all
45521the
45522excellencies
45523that
45524beut
45525God; and
45526it
45527is divine
45528as something that
45529is the body of God, and
45530it was not
45531changed
45532into the essence
455333 of the Godhead.
45534It
45535is
45536in this meaning
45537that the
45538expression of the doctor with which wearenow concerned also should rightly
45539be understood
45540that God the Word
45541is one and
45542mit withont
45543llesh
45544:
45545for he
45546is
45547incarnate by hypostatic union
45548in
45549llesh
45550possessin^- an intelligent sonl (but
45551in
45552his own
45553nature
45554he
45555is
45556withont
45557ilesh and
45558blood),
45559that
45560is,
45561without
45562mixture
45563I.
45564Ep. 15
45565(/'. C, LXXVII,
45566236). —
455672. Ep.
45568KU
45569(/'.
45570(,.. XXXVII.
45571181). —
45572:i.
45573oiui'a.
p. 251
4557460 V
45575.'i
45576C GSlvb.
45577[67]
45578XXV. — TO THE EMESENBS.
45579239
45580)i «t.30
45581L^floo).^
45582ot\
45583K*(i
45584^.\oi
45585yo.±
45586K.^J-^,\ ^.,^o
45587jJ
45588,^»j
45589ajoi
45590.«*choK_./
45591' JL^jw^Öi la^ N^J^<
45592och
45593-'t-^o/
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45595).a.^v.io
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45598^.j
45599^ö»
45600ji.oi->.k..ca.so
45601jLs
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45605^>'»j; —6«
45606:«^-^
45607»s^»*.Kjli;
45608^.ch..\o
45609y3/
45610.o»_A_./
45611Jjoch
45612jJ*o
45613Jlirn o.^
45614•J^xo.^ ^io
45615V-3^
45616J^.-oi^
45617ou^-»j
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45619o.m_il/;
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45625oibO^io
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45628jJ ^
45629'--"-ns.
45630otVKUo
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45632.>a_.po ^pj ^^jls K\o)S^o
45633JoC^n
45634i,^... )K^.oK.^
45635JK-jl^,_o
45636^2>o
45637J-Li../ JKJS>«LiO jlojf-^L^^O JJo jfcC^iO»
45638»ovjlso
45639K 66 V
45640Jju«Q^v
45641;
45642öS. "^OCH
45643f-LO-./
45644.JL..ÜJLS;
45645JL-S-mQ-^xJ Q-^
45646^^-«-OCH
45647J_JLa_.'/o
45648t>ot^s )^oo
45649t
45650f> 5 oci ot^oi oöj^o .-*»oi
45651j.-^oa_L_a.2>
45652oi.3
45653o£üo;
45654ooC^
45655. " öuk—/
45656•
45657•
45658•
45659•
45660"^oXo
45661-.t-*o;
45662t-^?/?
45663I~L2''/
45664J">.ciflQ
45665cnLa.jsv^s
45666.J.xco
45667JJi
45668cntooCSsi
45669jla^'f-s
45670)Jo
45671.«choK-./
45672>^_3 ^io ^iJ^o
45673,JiiO
45674S!^Do.^.o;
45675V-io/; U^-»/
45676J-^-flO K-^ **~^
456771. Ms.
45678with
45679slop
45680following. —
456812. Ms. I&m^^i. —
456823. Ms. ovM-
45683with what he possesses
45684in his essence
45685' and nature, that
45686is thc bodiless and
45687immutable and incomprehensible Godhead.
45688As for what you say at the end that the man who casily
45689f< »llows illnsions(?)
456902
45691aud
45692shifts his ground widely
45693said
45694on
45695the
45696advice
45697of
45698certain
45699persons, that
45700we musl
45701think of
45702the Word of God
45703in
45704the
45705iuiinity
45706of
45707his
45708divine essence'
45709without fiesh, is very foolish and senseless.
45710Even though the Word of God
45711is infinite, the whole of him was united to the flcsh that was received from the
45712Iioly Virgin,
45713tlie God-bearer and ever-virgin Mary, even the very person of
45714the Word and not a
45715partial Operation
45716as
45717in the prophets.
45718flow
45719tlien
45720is
45721it
45722anything but ridiculous for us to say that he who was
45723in
45724the actual divine
45725hypostasis wholly
45726united
45727to
45728a body
45729naturally
45730as
45731well
45732as miraculonsly
45733is
45734without ilesh, even in
45735r the greatness
45736of his
45737infinite Godhead
457383 ? For
45739'there
45740is
45741no
45742limit to
45743his greatness"',
45744as David
45745said, and
45746he
45747iills
45748everything,
45749and
45750is
45751above everything, and cannot be comprised by anyone.
45752And the subtlety of
457531.
45754oitsia. — 2. Tlie best emendation of an impossible text that
45755I can make. —
457563. A.
45757v, (C) 'infiuil y
45758*. —
45759i.
45760Ps. CXLIV,
457613.
p. 252
4576270 ]" a.
45763240
45764LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
45765[68]
45766OtJLaJL^.OO .^iS.
45767^.Otol^-./
45768JjL.j.^KiO
45769.-^OloK-/ ^-3
45770^^O
45771N;5ivi^O
45772.-jliö
45773.^o t--^—/
45774)** *" ""
45775l^"3
45776°l° ^^
45777vr 2*
45778f«^- oüboo JJoü otboo .•)jm>i
45779)ooi
45780^io<
45781jlojL^a^jLbo
45782y.*\
45783:\m -JL/»
45784^i
45785«
45786i vi .opo
45787-.Jk^-io
45788jojSx;
45789otvmi n
45790^-*;
45791oon
45792^io/
45793J.^cq^^jo/
45794^.io
45795j_N...
45796jiiä_->
45797L.o£>s
45798^-JL^a-o
45799).3u./
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45801Jlöiot-co
45802»-»-3;
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45804CH.^i>
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45807>^«^>0
45808yo\S
45809-\~> *-<d°
45810J 001
45811J'»-01-5 J^-^
45812?
45813oC^-»
45814OJS.J3
45815KJLi -Jjot ^iw
45816sS/ j^paS. ^
45817-'jlJLi .J)Q.*äj
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45819)-t-»t-~ o£io
45820^-.Vl;
45821voJi-2L^>;
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45824ol^pi
45825.v£a^..»a_o
45826)>-.». o
45827,^_.;
45828Jj/
45829j.^
45830/
45831J-2 /'
45832j...s;
45833V^o/o
45834:^S. ^^.io U^\a*i
45835JLa..,.~
45836;a«\20
45837:j.m i->;
45838J^-*-^-
45839>°;
45840"ViJxA ^
45841^jjSsvl/
45842..^ia.*.io
45843jloV^;
45844J-ia*.
45845Icu.o_ils;
45846-JoC^jJ
45847v3LaJl/
45848Jjj/
45849JN~.-ioa.JLo
45850^ot
45851«.3
45852.Iochj
45853l:>o|j
45854JN^ioaJLO
45855)lo.>^^;
45856•..>.« »ftoftoo
45857och; ^-Voi
458581. Ms. Ii"- —
458592.
45860sii' ms.
45861thc mystery
45862cannot be
45863exploreil by reasou and
45864intellect
45865, how the whole of
45866him was in flesh, and the whole of him
45867is in
45868all things and thewholc of him
45869is süperior tu all things and he himself is Ruler of all in infinity. Büt, that we
45870belicve that the very hypostasis
45871of God the Word became
45872incarnate, accor-
45873ding to the apostolic tradition of the church that has been handed down from
45874ol'ohl, it is superfluous for ns to demonstrate by testimonies to those who havc
45875once believed in the Gospel, when John who was divine in words beyond the
45876evangelists said,
45877« Tlie Word became flesh and came to dwell in us » '.
45878IIow
45879ever, since there is a doubt about it, and in order that we may close thc doors
45880against all contention, on
45881this point too let the words of the father himself,
458821 mean the holy Cyril, come to our assistance, who in tlie defenceof the second
45883chapter
458842 addressed
45885to Theodoret the deceiver wrote thus
45886:
45887« Since Nestorius
45888therefore everywhere eliminates the birtli in ilcsli, and introduces among us a
45889union of authority only, and says that a man was conjoined to God, who is lion
45890ou redby identity of name of sonship, in contending against his propositions we
45891were compelledtosay that the hypostatic union took place, in which expression
458921.
45893John,
45894i.
4589514. — 2
45896xeqpäXotiov.
p. 253
45897[69]
45898XXV. - TO THE EMESENES.
45899241
45900jLä.^..~a-jl
45901^iO
45902i-^-Ä)
45903y.+-~l\
45904t*.A.j/
45905LjL»J_\
45906»J
45907-J_C_O>0
45908OOI
45909>-.C«oK_./}
45910OCX
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45942o/
45943.
45944iot.._._o<
45945jjotoj
45946s-_ /
45947. 'vxdcu^s/
45948) la ___._<_._-_ a\
45949-_»j
45950ajoi
45951JJo
45952|_.oi^s
45953) JLO
45954oor
45955•.V-«JLi
45956)--0oi;
45957JJ
45958/
45959.(._a.-i._o
45960öi__\
45961^-.'»Loi
45962r_.~is..»i
45963' js
45964;
45965j la_,^_.._. ipö/;
45966y-t\
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45968J,._o.:>._ö -._.oio-n«-/; ss^^ooi
45969VV-« oöt_\ -.jjua^oo
45970) .... »NS
45971JjLSOI
45972v-OtolS*../»
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45990*>*>c__«.
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45997oot
45998•.K-.jojSx ou-o
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46000oöi
46001JJ /
46002. • ) » Na *\
46003-a^-ö
46004-jlj/
46005JJ
46006.
46007. s£oo.±Oy-CL.*J
46008laü_\
46009j»»/j
46010..v_i_.£v_-
46011.
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46015c__\ o.^
46016,.3
46017.J-oa-ua
46018_»oiol^_./}
46019oöi
46020Lju/?
46021of,.-»
46022.'J-..-«--
46023^__o
46024^„-.ji
46025,_._o
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46027CO
46028'
46029JJ/
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46031•>
46032&*._>/
46033J~»._o._.
46034^__o
46035i._.-v a\
46036.J^._o.jl
46037-__o kw_J
46038j-JU^
460391. Ms. w~- Pv —
460402.
46041Ms.
46042!;=•
46043the word
46044hypostatic' dcnotes nothing eise except this only, that
46045the nature
46046itself or
46047bis hypostasis, which
46048is the Word himself, aftcr
46049it has been united
46050lo human
46051nature without Variation and conl'usion, as we have often said,
46052is
46053recognised as one Christ [and]
46054is
46055so, the same God and man »'.
46056After the
46057same
46058i'asliion in the Scholia
46059also he comes forward with the same wo-rds as
46060follows
46061:
46062«
46063'For
46064in him
46065dwelt
46066all the
46067fulness of the Godhead bodily', that
46068is not by assumption simply
460692
46070,
46071like light that shines,
46072or
46073fire
46074tlial
46075imparts
46076its
46077heat
46078[to]
46079the
46080objects near
46081it,
46082but,
46083if we may
46084so
46085say,
46086that the
46087divine and
46088incontaminable nature
46089itself by a true union as
46090I have said made thc temple
46091from
46092the Virgin
46093a
46094dwelling-plstee
46095for
46096that which
46097he
46098is recognised
46099to
46100be.
46101For thus Christ Jesus
46102is recognised
46103to be one
46104»
46105!
46106.
46107But,
46108that
46109the whole of
46110him was
46111in
46112a
46113body, and was hypostatically united
46114to
46115it,
46116him ofwhom
46117all
46118tliings were
46119divinely
46120füll, he himself confirms by bis own words.
46121For
46122it
46123is
46124written
46125in the Gospel
46126of John
46127also that
46128he said to
46129Nicodemus,
46130« No man
46131hath gonc up
46132to
46133heaven,
46134except
46135him
46136wlio came down
46137from
46138heaven,
46139the
46140Son
46141of man who
46142is
46143in heaven
46144»
46145'
46146;
46147though
46148he
46149did
46150not come
46151down
46152from
46153heaven
46154in
46155that he became man,
46156for he
46157did not bring the
46158flesh down from
461591.
46160Gyr., ed. Pusey, VI,
46161p.
46162404. —
461632.
46164ircXü>«. — 3.
46165Schol. de
46166Inc. Unig.,
4616727
46168(ed. Pusey, VI,
46169p. 550);
46170in
46171Latin only. — 4. John, in,
4617213.
4617370
46174i'° b.
p. 254
46175* 70
46176v"
46177a.
4617870 v"
46179b.
46180242
46181LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
46182[70]
46183JLa^
46184,.3
46185ool
46186]i
46187&l
46188i
46189' -«
46190V-=°
46191•XÄ1JU^ ^
46192«oioK.-/j
46193.JKjl«^
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462291.
46230Ms. s^'w
46231(sie)- — - Ms. fc»- —
462323. Ms. wtoajj.
46233heaven,
46234but he
46235reeeived
46236it from the
46237holy Virgin,
46238flesh that
46239is
46240of our race,
46241and of our nature.
46242Nor
46243again, when he was speaking to Nicodemus, was
46244he
46245corporeally
46246in
46247heaven;
46248but
46249inoorporeally,
46250in
46251that
46252he
46253is
46254God,
46255heaven
46256and earth and what
46257is above heaven were perpetually
46258füll of him.
46259And
46260in
46261the eiglilh
46262section of the second
46263of the books against' Julian
46264the great
46265in
46266demon-worship, which were
46267written
46268by
46269him
46270in
46271defence
46272of the
46273Christian
46274religion,
46275the doctor shows how the Word of God, while he
46276is
46277all in
46278all, was
46279hypostatically united
46280to the flesh derived from- the holy Mary,
46281and, beyond
46282every
46283creature,
46284filled
46285all thingsby reeeption from him
46286(in
46287a suprasensual
46288sense nothing is empty of him), though the infinity of bis greatness surpasses
46289and
46290soars above
46291all
46292things
46293that
46294exist
46295with
46296a
46297great
46298space
46299between (how
46300great
46301it is
46302impossible to say)
46303: by whom aecording
46304to the words
46305of Isaiah
46306« all the nations have been reckoned as
46307a drop from
46308a
46309pot, and as the sand
46310of a balance
46311»
463122
46313.
46314But the holy Cyril again speaks ihus
46315:
46316« He has become, as
46317I said, in the likeness of men, as it
46318is written, and in our human appearance
46319truly.
46320Nevertheless we did
46321not say that he who cannot be comprised was
463221. The Syriac
46323is corriij)! and the emendation doubtful. —
46324>. Is., xl,
4632515.
p. 255
46326[711
46327XXV. — TO THE EMESENES.
46328243
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46416* 71 ru.
464171. Gyr. toi; xaO'
46418iva. —
464192. Cyr.
46420ioia.
46421confined,
46422nor
46423that
46424he was
46425inclosed
46426in
46427tlie
46428limits
46429of the
46430body.
46431For
46432it
46433is
46434utterly
46435silly and complete
46436follv
46437to say anything
46438of
46439tlie
46440kind of
46441hiin who
46442is
46443by nature and in truth God.
46444For, while he
46445is one and the only Son,
46446and
46447conipletely
46448above
46449all human
46450plianlasv,
46451the whole
46452of bim
46453is
46454in
46455virtue
46456of
46457a
46458gil't
46459in
46460every man,
46461and
46462in each
46463[one]
46464by
46465presence,
46466not being divided
46467nor
46468cleft asunder,
46469but [above] everything by nature,
46470and
46471in
46472everything as
46473God.
46474But in that all-pure and
46475fyply body
46476'all
46477tlie
46478fulness
46479of the Godhead
46480bodily has come to dwell', as
46481it
46482is written.
46483And he was as in bis own flesh,
46484but
46485still even
46486so
46487he
46488filled
46489all
46490thinars
46491from
46492hiin
46493»'.
46494And
46495in
46496the
46497trealise
46498addressed to the queens the opening words of which are, Those who admi-
46499nister the divine
46500and
46501heavenly preaching', he
46502explains
46503the meaning of the
46504Statement that the Word of God and
46505all
46506the
46507fulness of the Godhead came to
46508dwell in flesh as written by Paul in this way
46509:
46510« But we believe that the Word
46511became
46512flesh, not by way of removal or change, but rather that he came to
46513dwell in
46514us, and, to speak correctly, made the body that was
46515in truth united
465161. p.
46517G., LXXVI, MO.
46518PATR. OR. —
46519T.
46520XII. —
46521F.
465222.
4652317
p. 256
46524244
46525LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
46526[72]
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466371. Ms. sing. —
466382. Ms. um.
46639o- —
46640:i.
46641Ms. oi:*v — 4. Ms.
46642^°
46643to him, possessing an intelligent soul, his own temple.
46644And tlie divine Paul,
46645declaring the indwelling of the Word in the
46646lioly
46647flesh,
46648or the true union,
46649said that in liim
46650all the
46651fulness of the Godhead came to dwell, not so much
46652by way
46653of assumption
46654or
46655presence,
46656or
46657by way
46658of a
46659gift
46660of
46661grace,
46662but
46663bodily,
46664that
46665is in essence;
46666as in the case of a man also
46667it
46668is said
46669[that]
46670his
46671spirit
46672dwells
46673in him, though
46674it
46675is
46676not
46677something
46678different
46679from
46680him
46681»'.
46682IIow then shall \ve say [that] he who is wholly in everything by way of gift,
46683and
46684in each man
46685in presence (for he
46686receives
46687all things from him and they
46688depend
46689ujjoii
46690bis
46691presence),
46692and who
46693further
46694also
46695is
46696in everything and
46697is
46698nowhere
46699cleft asunder or divided, and
46700further is wholly
46701in the all-holy flesh
46702in essence, and
46703so
46704is united to
46705it,
46706after the fashion in which
46707the soul
46708of a
46709man like us
46710is united to its own body, how shall \ve say thal
46711lie
46712is without his
46713own llesh, because he
46714filled all these things with the gift
46715of himself, he who is
46716infinite, and
46717is wholly in everything?
46718But
46719to inquire into such
46720a
46721marvellous
46722subject is a piece of utter foolishness
46723: for glorious things are sealed by
46724faitli
46725only.
46726In the other treatise addressed to the religious virgin queens, Arcadia
46727and
46728Marina,
46729which
46730begins,
46731The
46732world's
46733boast',
46734the
46735same
46736wise
46737Cvril
46738l. A4
46739regit». ,
46740l'i
46741[ed. Pusey,
46742VII,
46743p. 285
46744.
p. 257
46745[73
46746XXV. — TO THE EMESENES.
46747245
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46868Ms.
46869<j-»- —
46870-• 1Is
46871- om
46872- —'3- Ms. """«M:-
46873"I
46874\
46875.1.
46876inserted
46877a demonstration
46878from
46879the
46880holy
46881.lohn who became
46882bishop
46883of Con-
46884stantinople, who spoke about
46885the God-bearer Mary, and about the
46886birth
46887of
46888God the Word,
46889as
46890follows
46891:
46892«
46893And
46894instead of a snn
46895she contained without
46896confining
46897the
46898Sun
46899of nghleonsness. And
46900do
46901not
46902ask how
46903:
46904for,
46905where
46906God
46907wills,
46908the
46909order
46910of
46911nature
46912is defeated.
46913For he
46914willed,
46915he was
46916able,
46917he came down, and
46918he
46919saved.
46920All things run into
46921one
46922for God.
46923To-day
46924he who
46925is
46926is
46927born,
46928and he who
46929is became that
46930wliieh he was
46931not.
46932For,
46933being God, he became man,
46934not by departiag
46935from
46936being God;
46937for he did
46938not became man by
46939departure from
46940Godhead,
46941nor
46942did
46943he
46944become God by
46945growth
46946from man
46947:
46948but,
46949being
46950the Word,
46951he became
46952flesh
46953on
46954account
46955of suffering', while
46956he
46957remained invariable
46958in
46959bis
46960nature'.
46961And
46962he adds
46963to
46964these
46965things
46966:
46967die who
46968sits
46969lipon
46970a
46971lofty and high throne
46972is
46973laid
46974in
46975a
46976manger.
46977lle who
46978is
46979intangible
46980and
46981simple
46982and
46983bodiless
46984is grasped
46985by
46986human hands.
46987He who cuts asunder the bonds of sin
46988is wrapped in swad-
46989dling-clothes'
46990»
469912
46992.
46993And the saintly Proclus who became bishop of the same
46994city
46995in the exposition which he delivered in the chnrch
46996of Anthimus on the
46997feast of the Resurrection spoke to the same effect as follows
46998:
46999« The heaven
470001. Gr. &ia
47001-rö
47002äitaöi;. —
470032. Ju. Chrys., ed. Par.
47004J'.
47005VI,
47006159;
47007G\i\, cd. Pusey,
47008VII,
47009p.
47010165.
4701171V b.
p. 258
47012246
47013LETTERS OF SKYKIÜJS.
47014[74]
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47137cries,
47138'He who became man, wlio was crucified
47139in flesh,
47140is God
47141: for as God
47142he cansed nie to ineline and carne down'.
47143The sun also
47144cries,
47145He who was
47146crucified
47147in
47148flesh
47149is my Lord
47150:
47151for
47152I
47153in
47154fear
47155of the
47156light
47157of the
47158Godhead
47159hehl
47160hack my
47161rays'.
47162The
47163earth
47164also
47165cries,
47166die who
47167clothed
47168himself in
47169a
47170body, who was crucilied in
47171flesli,
47172is the Maker
47173:
47174for, though
47175I embraced his
47176llesh
47177in a manger, yet
47178I did
47179not conhne the might of his Godhead'
47180»'.
47181It
47182would have been possible to add otlier ihings also which are
47183like these and
47184resemble them, hui
47185it
47186is superfluous to add to what has been so wisely said,
47187and make
47188the discussion inordinately long.
47189But
47190I pray your holy assembbj
47191and lawful church
47192to be of the same mind,
47193as the apostle said
471942
47195, and conform
47196to
47197llie same rule
471983
47199, and,
47200if anv disputed point arises, not make this a cause of
47201strife and
47202division, and
47203of uselcss contentions,
47204but lovingly join with one
47205another
47206in
47207the
47208inquiry.
47209But,
47210if anv
47211of you has anythiag
47212to
47213say,
47214let
47215him
47216speak with humble mind, as the words of God, as Peter the chosen apostle
47217gave admonition
47218'.
47219If anything also needs further explanation, you must not
47220act hastilv, nur be
47221in a hurry, but await the proper time, and bring
47222it before
47223the saintly
47224bishops, and
47225accepl
47226the healing
47227that
47228they
47229shall
47230apply.
47231As
47232for
47233l.
47234Or.
47235\iii.
47236i 7'.
47237G., LXV, 793
47238. —
472392.
47240II Cor., xm.
4724111. —
472423.
47243xaviiv. —
472444.
47245I
47246Pet..
47247iv,
4724811.
p. 259
47249[75]
47250XXV.
47251-- TO
47252Till'. EMESENES.
47253247
47254JK-Vai.; ^.\oi ?
47255-61 ^^>o
47256:J«5l/ oou
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47314jLw^jLio
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47316^oj..coo
47317JLso.^;
47318oöi
47319joCSs.
473201. Ms.
47321'actsL^LU. _
473222. Ms.
47323cim.
47324*=
47325the brothcr who gave occasion
47326for
47327this dispute,
47328since we have written these
47329few words,
47330receive
47331liini lovingly, and strengthen him, and acknowledge him
47332as vour member.
47333And, whether he is one man, or many who were associated
47334with him
47335in this dispute
47336or ignorance, act
47337in
47338the same way towards them
47339:
47340for concerning those who are such the apostle commands us and
47341says, at one
47342time,
47343« Him (hat
47344is weak
47345in the
47346faith bring near to you
47347»', and
47348at another,
47349« And reckon them not as enemies, but admonish them as brothers »-.
47350It is
47351not because
47352they made inquiries? or because they were
47353ignorant that they
47354are blameworthy; on the contrary they would actually have been praised,
47355if
47356they had discussed the point with humility, and not with haste and confusion,
47357and with a desire to add
47358to ignorance;
47359for this
47360is wliat prevented them from
47361being
47362received
47363in
47364regard
47365to
47366the
47367discussion which they raised.
47368However,
47369now that we have written so mach, let luve vanquish
47370e'verything, and
47371let not
47372these distressing matters come even into remembrance
47373:
47374for
47375'love'
47376also,
47377as
47378it
47379is written,
47380Covers a multitude of sins'
473813
47382; which love mav the God of love and
47383the lawgiver Christ also strengthen in you.
47384-2
47385r°
47386ii.
473871. Rom., xiv,
473881. —
473892. II Th..
47390in.
473915. — 3.
47392I Pet,
47393iv,
p. 260
47394XXVI
47395(i 27 v
47396a.
47397XXVII
47398F
47399148
47400r.
47401248
47402LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
47403[76]
47404Joi^jJ
47405Wh^k*»;
47406w^S.
47407yoKj/
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47427rsf^ardßo
47428rdx*aj3T\
474291. M>. om.; scc
47430p.
4743177.
474321.
474337.
4743477(e Signatare.
47435May you be raade perfect in the Lord, being sound, and
47436living
47437in
47438tlic
47439Spirit, and remembering mc, our
47440religious
47441and Christ-loving
47442brothers.
47443The
47444end.
47445XXVI.
47446-
47447- Of THE
47448SAME,
47449FROM
47450THE
47451LETTEI!
47452TO JoHN
47453AND JOHN AND
47454Theodore
47455'
47456tue
47457archimandrites.
47458519-;«.
47459For the Godhead exists before the worlds and eternally in threehypostascs.
47460XXVII.
47461Of
47462THE
47463HOLY SEVERUS FROM THE
47464LETTER
47465TO JoHN
47466AND THEODORE
47467and
47468John
47469the God-loving presryters and
47470archimandrites, against the
47471CODICILS
474722 OF THE AlEXANDRINE.
47473519-38,
47474Alexander is manifestly found to say
47475tliat [man]
47476is in the form of angels,
47477in that he contends that the holy bodies becomc spiritualbodies, denying the
47478resurrection of the
47479llesli and bones;
47480if
47481'a
47482spiril
47483hath] not
47484flesh and
47485bones'
474863
47487,
474881.
47489l'ri'li.
47490iho archiraandrite
47491of Lhe
47492nasterj of Romanus
47493(S.
47494I..,
47495i.
4749655), who maj
47497have
47498I
47499n
47500Severus'
47501representative
47502in
47503Palestine, wherc Ihere was no monophysile patriarch
47504(cf.
47505S. L.,
47506p.
47507148). For John and
47508.lohn see ep.
47509'J'J. -- 2. xwoixuia. In Greek extracts this letter
47510is called
47511-/.ata ÄleEdevSpovi or xari
47512rräv xtoSixiXi'wv
47513'AXeSavSpeta;;
47514but
47515U»t»«a^> occurs
47516in
47517our
47518text
47519(p.
4752085,
475211.
475229) vvhere
47523iL ran
47524onlj
47525be
47526rendered 'the Alexan-
47527drine'. — 3. Luke, xxiv,
4752839.
p. 261
47529[77]
47530XXVII.
47531-- TO JOHN, THEODORE, AND JOHN.
47532249
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47591^_^.\cn .^Sl* cl^
47592)oto
47593»,a
47594;\i
47595*^o JouSx
47596)>-*; .J^a^Ks
47597«.iSo
47598Ji_ßj
47599I. E KoV*.»»io. — 2. E sing. —
47600'{. K ©v»M-
47601according
47602to
47603the unerring saying of the Lord.
47604Accordingly
47605it manifest Iy
47606appears that
47607lie preaches
47608contrary
47609t<>
47610the
47611prophets and
47612apostles and holy
47613doctors
47614of
47615tlic church, who
47616in revealing
47617fashion taught
47618the words of faith
47619and expounded
47620the God-inspired
47621Scriptures, and
47622outside what
47623vve
47624receive,
47625according
47626to
47627the
47628apostle's ordinance
47629'
47630;
47631and
47632he
47633is under anathema, even
47634if
47635\ve keep silence.
47636()/' the holy
47637Severus patriarch
47638of Antioch
47639[nun
47640the
47641letter
47642to
47643John und Theo-
47644dore and John,
47645the God-loving preskyters and archimandrites,
47646which
47647was
47648written
47649in answer
47650to the Codicils
476512 of Ihr Alexandrine.
47652For
47653\ve may
47654hear wise men
47655outside
47656also
47657saying,
47658<c
47659Not
47660to
47661sin
476623
47663at
47664all,
47665and to do everything rightly
47666is of God »
47667i
47668.
47669And
47670\ve see the divine Scripture
47671also saying of each created thing,
47672« Let there be Light , and there was light;
47673and God saw the
47674light
47675that
47676it was good
47677»;
47678and
47679again,
47680«
47681Let there be
47682so-
47683and-so and there was; and God saw that it was good »; and after everything
47684together so to spcak which he called forth and
47685which answcred,
47686« God saw
476871. Gal.,
47688i.
476899. —
476902.
47691xwSwiXtoc. — 3. Throughout
47692this passage
47693the
47694translator
47695seens
47696Iü liavc misunder-
47697stood
47698iiMtpteTv ferr' ur
47699' fall '). — 4.
47700I do not knovv tho source
47701of
47702this
47703cit ition.
47704E 08 v"
p. 262
47705250
47706LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
47707[78]
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47816^-o~m
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47818^-_;
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47820.',_»/
47821)._-_-_-_.;
47822)----/
478231. Here begins an
47824extracl
47825in F 31 V. —
478262. K
47827|l !•-»-• — 3. E w-_». —
47828'1. E o«.
47829* F 32
47830r"
47831all that he had made and
47832lo!
47833it was very good
47834»'.
47835How thencan anyone
47836sav
47837that things which
47838are good both
47839in
47840themselves
47841severally, and because
47842they
47843fit together
47844with one
47845another and
47846inake up one
47847world,
47848arc
47849a
47850sin
47851011
47852God's part ? If so be they are a sin, they are not good
47853: but,
47854if they are good,
47855they are not
47856a
47857sin.
47858But,
47859if by reason
47860that they
47861are
47862corrnptible,
47863therefore
47864they are a sin, yet rather, as a certain wise man says,
47865« God created every-
47866thing
47867that
47868it might come
47869into being, and
47870salutary are
47871the creations of the
47872world, and
47873there
47874is
47875110 poison
47876of corrüption
47877in them;
47878and
47879Sheol
47880hath
47881no
47882kingdom upon
47883earth
47884»
478852
47886.
47887Again,
47888if the
47889iirst man
47890had
47891kept
47892the command-
47893ment, and
47894not gone
47895astray
47896alter
47897sin
47898tlirough
47899the
47900serpent's
47901deceitfulness,
47902and
47903lost
47904the
47905grace
47906of immortality, having voluntarily
47907drawn
47908death
47909upon
47910himself,
47911then creation
47912itself also
47913wouhl
47914have
47915eontinued,
47916acquiring
47917for
47918its
47919own
47920seif the grace
47921of immortality from God
47922:
47923for
47924in accordance
47925with
47926the
47927condition
479283 in which we are
47929for whose sake
47930it came
47931inlo being
47932its parts also
47933pass
47934away.
47935For
47936this
47937reason
47938then, when man
47939himself was condemned
47940to
47941death,
47942it
47943itself
47944also
47945served corrüption and 'was made suhject
47946to vanity' \
47947as
47948the apostle
47949says; but
47950it hopes further
47951to gain
47952with
47953us what
47954it had from
479551.
47956Gen.,
479571.
479583,
47959't.
479606,
479619-12,
4796214-16,
4796324,
4796425,
4796531. —
479662. Sap.,
47967I,
4796811. —
479693. x_x_GTa<ji;. —
479704. Rom.,
47971VIII,
4797220.
p. 263
47973[791
47974XXVII. — TO JOHN, THEODORE, AND JOHN.
47975251
47976«Ol
47977vs/i
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48045I. E
48046o^>- —
480472. EK v'ot*-». —
48048:;. FK om. —
48049i. K »»U. —
480505. F sing., E
48051ins. *s^- — 6. E kxsa^j.
480527. e oC*b*l —
480538.
48054F
48055«3oß*l-
48056the beginning
48057: and
48058it
48059will
48060liave continuanco
48061without
48062eorruptibility when
48063we are admitted to the resurrection and tlie kingdom of heaven
48064: für the most
48065wise
48066Paul
48067himself also
48068cries,
48069« Creation itself also
48070shall he
48071freed
48072from
48073the
48074bondage
48075of
48076corruption,
48077intö
48078the
48079freedoin
48080of
48081the glory
48082of the
48083children
48084of
48085God »'.
48086(And öfter other things).
48087But, my good friend,
48088neither indeed did
48089God
48090inake the world
48091in order
48092Ihal
48093it
48094might be
48095corrupted,
48096for
48097' salutary
48098are
48099the creations
48100of the world',
48101as
48102you
48103have
48104lieard;
48105but,
48106sincs
48107it
48108is
48109of a
48110very
48111fluid
48112nature,
48113he on
48114the
48115contrary brought
48116it
48117inlo
48118heiug
48119in
48120order that
48121it
48122might
48123partake
48124of
48125incor-
48126ruption;
48127for indeed
48128' even
48129creation
48130itself shall
48131he
48132freed from
48133the bondage
48134of corruption
48135into
48136the freedom
48137of the glory
48138of
48139the
48140children
48141of God'.
48142For
48143what
48144logic
48145is
48146it,
48147teil
48148nie,
48149I hat
48150rational man who
48151sinned of
48152his own aceord
48153should according to your argument be raised to incorruption, while creation
48154which
48155is inanimate and
48156without perception,
48157which
48158for
48159his sake was made
48160subject to vanity,
48161should be
48162delivered
48163to final
48164destruction,
48165and
48166not partake
48167of the incorruptibility and
48168the glory
48169ofthose
48170for whose
48171sake
48172it was made
481731. Rom
48174,
48175viii..
4817621.
p. 264
48177252
48178LETTERS OF SEVRRUS.
48179[80]
48180' E69v°a. pö-*^
48181sOO).^K~./
48182yOOOJJ
48183jjj
48184^.Ö|\
48185t"*-^ °^?
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48191.yoN-D.-jLj ^^,'
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48195.yüikoLJ
48196,-^^.LiK.iO
48197,J
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48200)la..o...i|i
48201vqjoi
48202.
48203>
48204. tmvi
48205^oio-oöa.* ^\
482061 1,——
48207J-^iJlo
48208JJ.'^»
48209Ij-iJS.
48210\j\
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48216•)il-3^D "^s^iO
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48219).CCL^
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48233. J..ca.:>a.^ib /i
48234|io tU>.^
48235.(.xi/i
482361. K
48237«»• —
482382. F
48239sing. —
48240:s. FK om. —4. F ^i»»- —
48241r,. F """^n^ns^, K "»^i^K^-
48242subject
48243to
48244corruption?
48245For
48246tliat thc world
48247shall
48248bc
48249consummated
48250is ma-
48251nifest according to the
48252failli
48253in tlie divine Scriptures
48254:
48255for that
48256tlie rudiments
48257which compose
48258this
48259visible
48260creation
48261will
48262not
48263pass
48264into absolute non-exis-
48265tence, but
48266will
48267be changed
48268into something
48269better,
48270Paul
48271testifies wben
48272he
48273says,
48274« The form of the world passeth away
48275»
48276', and not 'this world', and Peter
48277also testifies when he writes,
48278« The heavens
48279shall be dissolved with
48280fervent
48281heat, and
48282the elements
48283shall burn and collapse
48284»
482852
48286.
48287(But
48288those
48289in whom
48290righteousness
48291dwells look
48292for new heavens and
48293a new
48294earth according
48295to
48296liis promises.)
48297And before him David sings about the heavens the passage
48298also,
48299« They all shall grow old as a garment, and as a vesture shalt thou
48300fold
48301them up, and they shall be changed »\
48302Words agreeing with these were
48303written by the Theologian Gregory also, in the sermon on the funeral
48304of his
48305brother Caesarius, as follows
48306: « But why am
48307I l'aint-hearted about the hopes?
48308Why do
48309I become a man of time?
48310I await
48311the
48312voice
48313of
48314the
48315archangel, the
48316last
48317trump,
48318the
48319transformation
48320of heaven, thc changing
48321of the
48322earth,
48323tlie
48324emancipation
48325of
48326the
48327elements,
48328l he
48329renovation
48330of
48331the whole
48332world.
48333Then
48334shall
48335I
48336see
48337Caesarius,
48338no
48339longer
48340departing, no
48341longer
48342carried,
48343no
48344longer
48345I.
48346I Cor.,
48347vii, 3t. —
483482. II
48349l'el., m,
4835012. —
483513.
48352Ps.
48353-
48354I,
4835527.
p. 265
48356[81]
48357XXVII. -
48358T<> JOHN, THEODORE, AM) JOHN.
48359253
48360y^\
48361o\
48362.\j±\ yaL*\
48363o-^o
48364-X'-~\i
48365>>»'-' ^
48366o/
48367.v-C^
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484151
48416*voK_j/
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48421J-"-30"00
48422*Jj__OI ok'j
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48425Jiot "^.^oo;
48426I. F ins.
48427l'/v —
484282.
48429l'K
484301-a^- —
484313. K
48432;->.:_»• —
48433',. FK om.
48434being mourned
48435for,
48436110 longer being
48437pitieil,
48438bright,
48439glorious,
48440exalted,
48441even
48442as you have often appeared to
48443nie
48444in a dream, O most brother-loving', and
48445most brother-loving;
48446either as
48447I have wished to depiet thee, or in
48448reality
48449»
48450~.
48451And
48452the most wise John, the expounder of the
48453divine words,
48454in
48455the com-
48456mentary on the
48457epistle
48458to the Hebrews speaks
48459as follows
48460:
48461« And
48462besides
48463tliis
48464Iie demonstrated anofher thing also
48465rworth attention
484663 in parabolic form
48467:
48468for he also denoted the transformation
48469of the world by saying,
48470' As a gar-
48471ment
48472shall
48473they grow old; and as
48474a vesture thou
48475shalt
48476fold them
48477up,
48478and
48479they
48480shall be changed
48481'; a thing which he
48482also
48483states
48484in the
48485epistle
48486to
48487the
48488Romans,
48489that he shall transform the world
48490: and setting forth the easiness
48491he added
48492that,
48493as a man may fold up
48494a vesture,
48495so
48496shall
48497he
48498fohl them up
48499and change them.
48500But,
48501if he
48502effected the transformation and
48503Ihe creation
48504into something
48505better and
48506higher
48507so
48508easily,
48509for the
48510creation of something
48511worse
48512he
48513needed
48514another; how long will you
48515not be ashamed?
48516»
48517'.
48518And
48519in
48520the commentary on
48521the
48522epistle
48523to
48524the Romans
48525he
48526gives
48527an
48528accounl
48529of
48530tliis matter
48531in very complete
48532form, writing as follows
48533:
48534« 'For the expecta-
48535tion
48536of
48537creation
485381
48539,
48540he
48541says,
48542'looks
48543for
48544the
48545revelation
48546of
48547the
48548sons
48549of God.
485501.
48551to
48552ifiX-rats
48553äSeXomv
48554e[k>£. —
485551. Or.
48556VII,
4855721. The
48558last clause runs
48559eite toü
48560ßciüXe<r8oi toüto
48561ävaxuiio'jvTo;
48562eres
48563T»fc
48564a)T,6e:'a;. — 3. Jo. Chrys.
485657iapEpyt,v. —
48566i. In Ep. ad Ilebr. Ilom.
48567III,
485685,
48569ö
48570(ed. Field
p. 266
48571*E 70 rb.
48572254
48573LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
48574[82]
48575jj| .öu^^p Q^ -.I^jl^Kji/
48576Jioja.ytJCLiK V*^ l^—V-3
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48578-oiaX=>;
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485971. k ;-»/» —
485982. K o»M- —
485993. E oV — 4. EK llaaiis«». _
48600:,. E «w-
48601For creation was made subject to vanity, not of its own accord, but beeause
48602of him who
48603subjeeted
48604it
48605in
48606hope'.
48607For what
48608he
48609says
48610is something
48611like
48612this.
48613'This same
48614creation
48615suffers great pain expecting and hoping
48616for the
48617good things
48618which we
48619have
48620just
48621mentioned.
48622But
48623expectation
48624is
48625earnest
48626looking'.
48627But,
48628in order that
48629tlie account may be clearer, he also personines
48630the whole of this world, as the prophets too do, when they
48631introduce rivers
48632clapping
48633hands, and high places leaping, and the mountains
48634dancing;, not
48635that wc may understand these
48636to be animate, nor that \vc may assign any
48637reason to them; but that we may learn the abundance of the good
48638things,
48639so
48640that
48641it reaches even
48642to things
48643without perception.
48644And they
48645often do
48646this same thing
48647in
48648the
48649case of distressing things
48650also, introducing a
48651vine
48652lamenting and wine and mountains, and the roofs of the temple crying, that
48653from this again we may understand the greatness of the
48654evil things.
48655But,
48656imitating these, the apostle personines
48657' creation and says
48658Mint
48659it groans and
48660suffers
48661pain;
48662not
48663beeause
48664he
48665had
48666heard any groan come
48667from
48668earth
48669and
48670sky;
48671bul
48672that
48673he may show the abundance of the
48674future good
48675things, and
48676the
48677desire
48678of escape
48679from
48680the
48681prevailing
48682evil
48683things.
48684'For
48685creation was
48686l. A similar passage is cited from Sev.
48687in Cramer, Cat.
48688in Ep. ad Rom., p. U7.
p. 267
48689[83]
48690XXVII.
48691-- TO JOHN, THEODORR, AND JOHN.
48692255
48693jla^ioj
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48748:)lon.ym\
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48753.yO^Jj
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48760^._./;
48761V-^?/
48762V-*-^
48763%»*6
48764061
48765.JLäk**
48766^io
48767);i_^fcooo
487681. K ov^W- —
487692. K lj»J- —
48770:j. K ov»^»l^*- —
487714. F
48772«ök»/ (LAW
48773ecrcspswe/))- —
487745. E
48775<J°
48776made subject to vanity, not of its own accord, but because of Iura who subjec-
48777ted
48778it'.
48779What
48780is
48781'Creation was made
48782subject
48783to vanity'?
48784It was made
48785corruptible.
48786Why and
48787wherefore?
48788On
48789account
48790of you
48791the man.
48792For,
48793since von received a body tbat
48794is mortal and passible, the earth also received
48795a curse, and produced
48796briars and tborns.
48797But, that heaven together witb
48798the
48799eartb will grow old and eventually
48800pass
48801to the
48802bettcr ending,
48803liear the
48804prophet
48805saying,
48806'In
48807the
48808beginning,
48809Lord,
48810thou
48811Iaidst
48812the
48813foundations
48814of
48815the earth, and the heavens are the work of tliine hands.
48816They shall perish,
48817but thou endurest; and they all shall grow old as a garment; and as a vesture
48818sbalt thöu fohl tliem up, and they shall be changed'.
48819And
48820Isaiah, demon-
48821strating these things,
48822said,
48823'Observe heaven above and the
48824earth beneath;
48825because
48826heaven
48827hath
48828been
48829solidified
48830as smoke,
48831and the
48832earth
48833shall grow
48834old
48835as
48836a garment;
48837and
48838they
48839that
48840dwell
48841Hierein
48842shall
48843perish
48844like
48845them'.
48846You have seen how 'creation was made subject to vanity', bow also
48847it
48848shall
48849be
48850freed
48851from corruption;
48852for
48853the
48854former
48855said
48856' As
48857a vesture
48858shalt
48859thou
48860fohl them up, and they shall be changed
48861', and Isaiah said 'They that dwell
48862Hierein
48863shall
48864perish
48865like
48866them
48867',
48868not
48869'
48870speaking
48871of utter
48872destruction,
48873for
48874neither
48875shall
48876the
48877inen who
48878dwell
48879in
48880it undergo
48881such
48882as
48883this,
48884but
48885the
48886temporary destruction, and
48887through
48888that very thing they
48889shall pass
48890to
48891in-
488921.
48893Tliis
48894passage
48895to
48896' universe
48897'
48898(p.
4889984,
489001.
489012)
48902is
48903cited
48904in
48905Greek from
48906this
48907letter
48908in
48909S.
48910V.
48911N.
48912C,
48913IX,
48914745.
48915The author
48916of
48917this Catena seems
48918not
48919to
48920have noticed
48921that
48922it
48923occurs
48924in
48925a
48926citation from
48927Jo. Ghrys.
48928E 70v° a.
48929K
48930.-,7
48931i".
p. 268
4893271
48933r° a,
48934256
48935LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
48936[84
489371
48938E70vb. Jjoi
48939flr^>. oto ^V^ö^;
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49025owl^s^s
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49027p°/?
49028v~*?
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49031-It-31-00 N^^?
490321. FIv ^v —
490332. FK (im. —
490343. Uere the extracts
49035in F and K end. — 4. Ms.
490360111. stop, —
490375. Ms.
49038«.•Ns~""
49039—
49040C. Ms. willi stop following. —
490417. Ms. ^m-
49042corruption,
49043rjust
49044indeed
49045as
49046by
49047saying
49048' like
49049these
49050things'
49051he
49052poiuted
49053to
49054creation
49055itself,
49056that
49057is
49058the
49059universe',
49060just
49061indeed
49062as
49063Paul
49064also
49065says
49066farther
49067011.
49068However
49069for the
49070presenl
49071he
49072is speaking
49073about
49074its
49075subjection
49076aud showing why
49077it
49078was made
49079of
49080this
49081kind,
49082and
49083assigning
49084us
49085as
49086the
49087reason.
49088What
49089ihen?
49090Was
49091violence
49092done
49093lo
49094it
49095in
49096that
49097it underwenl
49098these
49099things
49100for
49101another?
49102Not
49103at
49104all;
49105for
49106it was
49107indeed made
49108for
49109nie.
49110llow then
49111is
49112a thing which was made
49113for me
49114injured when
49115it
49116undergoes
49117these
49118things
49119for my
49120reformation ?
49121Bot,
49122to
49123look
49124at
49125it
49126in another way, we
49127ought
49128not
49129even
49130to
49131raise
49132the
49133question
49134of justice and injustice with
49135respect
49136to things
49137without
49138life and perception.
49139But Paul because
49140lie personiüed
49141il
49142uses none
49143of the argumenta
49144that
491451
49146have
49147stated, but by
49148another method
49149of
49150reasoning
49151sets
49152himself
49153superfluously
49154to
49155comfort
49156the
49157hearer.
49158But
49159what
49160was
49161it?
49162'What say you?
49163It underwent evil things for von and has become
49164corrüptible.
49165But
49166it
49167lost
49168nothing;
49169for
49170it
49171shall
49172also
49173become
49174incorruptible
49175again through you'
49176:
49177for
49178this
49179is
49180the meaning
49181of
49182'in
49183hope'.
49184But, when he
49185says,
49186'It was
49187not made
49188subjecl
49189of
49190its own
49191will',
49192he
49193does
49194not
49195say
49196this
49197to
49198show
49199that
49200il
49201is possessed
49202of thought,
49203but
49204that you may
49205learn
49206that
49207every-
492081. Gr.
49209woTief ouv xai
49210r> xtfoi;' (Susp änavTa
492116ia toüto
49212eiiisv
49213[Jo. Ghrvs. oiäioü
49214elitelv] w? taüta napior^taaiv.
p. 269
49215[85]
49216XXVII. - TO JOHN, THEODORE, AM) JOHN.
49217257
492183/; ^£^0
49219.J'qcp
49220Jjl./ ^^o
49221^.;
49222V^?/
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49235JjLSO
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49238«ot
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49241JJ
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492614 -ot ^/
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49268.v3loI ool
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49270JJo
49271:J-ojSs
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49285^oin
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49288JJ;
49289~_.;
49290)
492911.0 a - ^ >
49292:^.ot<A-/
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49294oc*\ .J.:x&0^
49295Jilo o£^o
49296)K_^_- ^/ t-^v °^
49297)°°« Ott^^O v3/l
49298OCH .JjÜ'f.S ^Oi. -^0-*^° JldJ^Ji—kio
492991.
49300Ilere begins an extract in F 32 v" and K 57 r, headed
49301: ^a >&= —
493022. E -'wo. — 3. E l£a*>>o- —
493034. E
49304>»
49305- oi- —
49306;>. Here
49307the extracts
49308in F and K end.
49309thing was brought about by the will of Christ, and the one
49310is not a reforma-
49311tion
49312of the
49313other.
49314But he
49315stated
49316also
49317in' what
49318hope.
49319' Because
49320creation
49321itself also
49322shall
49323be
49324freed'.
49325What
49326is
49327' itself also'?
49328That
49329not
49330you,
49331but
49332it
49333also, even
49334a thing that
49335is
49336far
49337inferior
49338to you, and that does not partake
49339of
49340reason and perceptiön, this
49341also
49342shall partake witli you in
49343the good things.
49344For
49345it
49346'shall he
49347delivered',
49348he
49349says,
49350' from
49351the bondage
49352of
49353corruption';
49354that
49355is,
49356it
49357shall
49358be
49359no
49360longer
49361corruptible;
49362but
49363it
49364shall fullow the beauty
49365of your body.
49366For,
49367as, when
49368it became corruptible,
49369creation also became
49370the same,
49371so, when
49372it
49373is rendered
49374incorruptible,
49375creation
49376also as
49377well
49378shall
49379again
49380follow;
49381to denote wliich tndeed he
49382added,
49383'into
49384I he
49385freedom
49386of the
49387glory of the
49388children of God
49389»
49390'
49391.
49392But,
49393inasmuch
49394as
49395the
49396Alexandrine
49397is
49398a
49399stranger
49400and
49401a
49402barbarian
49403to
49404the
49405divine
49406Scripture,
49407and
49408is
49409not
49410accustomed
49411to
49412the
49413teachings
49414of
49415this
49416Scripture,
49417he
49418thinks that
49419(Jod
49420is
49421a
49422Creator of corruption, and he
49423calls the
49424world
49425bis
49426sin;
49427a
49428thing
49429that
49430is
49431of
49432fluid
49433nature,
49434but
49435is
49436honoured
49437by
49438the
49439grace
49440of incorruptibility
49441together
49442with man
49443for whose
49444sake
49445also
49446it was
49447made.
49448It was not
49449as
49450a
49451sin
49452of God
49453that Christ reformed
49454the
49455world's
49456sub-
49457jection
49458also
49459that was
49460for man's
49461sake,
49462that
49463he
49464might bring
49465in one
49466set
49467of
494681. In Ep. ad Rom. Ilum. xv,
4946916-19 (ed. Field).
4947011 r
49471l>
p. 270
4947271 V
49473258
49474LETTERS QF SEVERUS.
49475[86]
49476)lai^^L-*K.io
49477JJ .J^aN-M
49478JLi.«
49479^-.; -üN—
49480*
49481.-JK.-.OV;
49482Jloj.o-.io
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49492. -^oX-iJ^;
49493JJ
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49498t-*-2 ?
49499-°\ JoC^j
49500Jla-i
49501.
49502^
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49518IS.
49519»J.
49520» \-<v ^"-l—^M?
49521v-*'
49522v
49523»Not
49524^-io
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49527xr-^
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49529^»öl
49530y~.•(
49531jL^-iciia-s
49532. J Laxia-oi ^^io; od-o^-^
49533JJo
49534-. yo+So "^Jls;
49535oi\-J5Q— yoKi.^
49536v£Da^.\_i.flDi
49537jloou^s
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49558JlSoa_»_jO;
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49562JJSoa.»Ji_i
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49566J-l3»-^-i0 U*-^ -J>-A^o» J^*C^;
49567f-^S-A
49568v Q_-._D"f.^0lO [ I»
49569MkJLiOt —-».\o|1
49570)lä—/lO
49571.-J.^O.a3.^
49572JlOJ5.i.O
49573L.Cy.3
495741. Here begins an
49575extract
49576in
49577F
4957832 v°, headed
49579:
49580«aol-. and
49581in K 57
49582r°, headed
49583: ©v*>- —
495842. K
49585eis*». —
495863. F um. Here
49587the extracts
49588in F and K end.
49589things
49590in
49591place
49592of another,
49593as
49594this
49595wicked and
49596deceiving man
49597says;
49598in
49599place
49600öl' bodies
49601that had
49602been delivered to death the immortality of spirits,
49603and
49604in place
49605of the
49606corruption
49607of
49608llie
49609world
49610eternal
49611incorruptibility,
49612and
49613in
49614place
49615of abnndance
49616of sins
49617abundance
49618of right
49619acts;
49620bnt
49621in order that
49622he might
49623raise
49624man, who had
49625fallen,
49626and
49627by
49628erring
49629been
49630stripped
49631of the
49632grace
49633of God through which
49634he
49635had
49636immortality,
49637to
49638the
49639original
49640State,
49641through
49642the
49643resurrection
49644of
49645the
49646bodies
49647into
49648incorruption,
49649by which
49650this
49651world
49652also shall partake of the freedom and the glory,
49653as
49654\vc have written.
49655{And after
49656other things.)
49657Bnt
49658l'rom
49659the
49660investigation von
49661have
49662plainly
49663recognised
49664bis
49665corruption
49666on
49667every
49668point, and
49669his spuriousness in the matter of faith;
49670in the theology
49671which concerns
49672the
49673Father and
49674llie Son mingling
49675of hypostases
49676(since
49677he
49678has
49679cast
49680behind
49681him
49682the
49683godlessness
49684of
49685Sabellius
49686the
49687Libyan);
49688in
49689the
49690Incarnation
49691of
49692the Önlv
49693one
49694phantasy
49695and
49696change, and
49697the
49698other
49699things
49700that do away
49701the
49702true Humanization and
49703figlit against our salvation;
49704in the
49705Resurrection
49706lessening
49707of hope,
49708and
49709denial
49710of the
49711resurrection
49712of bodies;
49713in
49714the creation
49715of the
49716visible world,
49717a
49718blaspheming tongue
49719that under the
49720appearance
49721of good
49722will arms
49723itself against
49724the
49725wise
49726Creator and Maker,
p. 271
49727xxvni
49728E 93
49729i •
49730b.
49731[87]
49732XXVIII. — ABOUT TUR ANTHROPOMORPHISTS.
49733259
49734«otoK-./»
49735och
49736.u*_ul./
49737|1q
49738»
49739I
49740»
49741^-*>
49742^-.J
49743OJOt
49744.-)-OL.V> ^iO ^ÜO »-«^ k-J-^4
49745-.v
49746»Ol
49747-
49748'
49749*'*'
49750oooi;
49751yo—iöio
49752:^o',L^-^oo
49753N-^3 ^n
49754°> vi
49755)K„ju-.^o
49756Jlf-^
49757^2>o
49758wn ;
49759t imA .
49760^.oi J-^~^ "^-»aoi ^t-^o .j;aäo
49761jj; h^( Jjl^ä>£> ^io
49762«jl»/
49763jJo
49764.^\^Ai*Tt co&c\Ar£f:\ r^yiixxi caa tar^n
49765< r^iailcvj3ȧ<nSr^
49766jcoaiv*r£r"n
49767^A->ar^
49768rsfxj"va
49769&c\^3:v3Tt
49770^cuaa
49771^aruix-ra*
49772*E93va.
49773vrtfcalrsf
49774JUi
49775. »v, N,
49776. ^jL^^ioji
49777ool
49778Jj}/
49779,-SO
49780.JjL-X^.
49781».*.=>
49782L^^too,
49783.•^lJ.\iLiß.iO
497841. Ms. sing. —
497852. K oin.
49786and that
49787utters follies akin to
49788tliose
49789of Mani
49790tlie madman and Marcion
49791(for
49792well was he named Mani from
49793rnania,
49794that
49795is,
49796from
49797madness, who
49798is the
49799founder
49800of
49801the
49802Manichces,
49803who
49804are
49805most
49806exceedingly
49807foul).
49808Bul
49809that
49810these
49811confused
49812opinions
49813are
49814rejected
49815and
49816analhematized
49817by
49818the
49819holy
49820Ghurch,
49821and
49822those
49823who
49824were
49825the
49826originators
49827of
49828thein,
49829there
49830is
49831none
49832among
49833Christians
49834who
49835does
49836not
49837confess.
49838Accordingly
49839therefore
49840it
49841is
49842manifest that Alexander, inasmuch
49843as he has agreed with
49844all these opinions,
49845shares
49846the
49847anathema
49848of
49849each
49850one,
49851being
49852subject
49853to many
49854sentences
49855or
49856punishments
49857'.
49858XXVIII.
49859Ol'
49860TUE
49861SAME
49862FROM 1THE
498637"' LETTER
49864OF
49865TUE
49866I
49867sl
49868ROOK
49869OF
49870THOSE
49871BEFORE
49872EPISCOPA.CY,
49873IN
49874WHICH
49875IS
49876CONTAINED
49877A
49878PBINCIPLE
49879ACCORDING
49880TO
49881WHICH THOSE WHO
49882SAY THAT GoD
49883EXISTS
49884IN HUMAN
49885FORM
49886ARE
49887APPROVED
49888IN
49889THEIR ACTION
49890(?).
49891But,
49892if we
49893in
49894some place
49895hear
49896Scripture
49897say
49898' the
49899Lord's
49900eyes
49901', we
49902490-512
49903iinderstand God's activity, which
49904is signified through the terra 'eyes'.
49905And,
49906when again we hear of ears, we understand
49907the propensitv
49908and
49909inclination
49910that he has toward us, and that he has the attribute of mercifulness, and that
499111. Greek fragments of Ih is
49912letler are published
49913in Cramer,
49914Gat.
49915in
49916Act.
49917Apost.,
49918p.
49919296, 379, 390;
49920in
49921Epp. Calh.,
49922p.
4992373,
49924102;
49925S.
49926V. N. C,
49927I,
49928n,
4992920'», 220;
49930IX,
49931739;
49932and
49933a
49934ms. extracl
49935exists
49936in Add.
4993735123
49938f. 383
49939r°.
49940PATR.
49941OR. —
49942T.
49943XII. —
49944F.
499452.
4994618
p. 272
49947XXIX
49948E36v°b.
49949113
499508.
49951260
49952LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
49953[88]
49954.v^-.&v.iO ^^Oi
49955^j_S
49956J_»j.£_LiO oC^—~i
49957JJ/ .^JoXsk-COiO J-^l^ oj\
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49993.-^-U
499941. MSS. <3No- —
499952. K ^jV-om- — 3. E om.
49996he brings our service to completion; for Scripture speaks to our weakness in
49997human and condescending
49998fashion.
49999And,
50000because
50001it
50002is
50003said
50004that God
50005has
50006wings also, yet we do not understand that he has wings, butthat his shelter-
50007ing
50008power
50009is
50010signified through
50011these
50012;
50013for,
50014siuce we
50015are
50016Christians, we
50017must understand tlie divine Scriptures spiritually, not according to the lettcr.
50018XXIX.
50019Of
50020TUE
50021IIOLY
50022SeVERUS
50023FROM
50024TUE
50025G:5 nl LETTER
50026OF
50027TUE
500282"'
500291
50030BOOK
50031OF TIIOSE WRITTEN DURING EPISCOPACY, TO AnTONINUS BISHOP OF BeRRHOEA
50032'
50033.
50034But we hear of the said Mara that he said this also as well,
50035that the holy
50036Virgin did not fcel the
50037birtli, in manifest Opposition to the Holy Spirit and to
50038the
50039Scriptures
50040whicli
50041were
50042spoken
50043by
50044liim.
50045Tlie
50046loud-voiced
50047among
50048prophets,
50049Isaiah, shows that
50050he came
50051forth from the bond of virginity like
50052anything eise, and
50053he was ineffably born without rending her from Mary the
50054(iod-bearer,
50055saying thus,
50056«
50057Before she that
50058travailed bare,
50059and before
50060tlie
500611.
50062s. L.,
50063i,
5006414-16;
50065p.
50066167; Zach. Rh.,
50067VIII, 5; C.
50068Li. M..
50069p. 950.
p. 273
50070[89]
50071XXIX. — TO ANTONINUS.
500722G1
50073,
50074' t-.a.....y> K-£«_v.3;
50075,_.;
50076-6| -Jp;
50077l^-^o K^^3
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50079J.->J_5
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50161J-°ü
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50167|i
50168» mi;
50169J,-»K-s.
50170*--.»
50171J-L-u./
50172»-»-a
50173)oi
50174.JjjlJL.Jl._s;
50175)iyi!a
50176cj.-_^-au_\
50177jlcv»
50178ü.,.--^..;
50179w*6(
50180,..»-_>
50181.•(.__!._>
50182yCy-s.-.lXj
501831
50184Ms.
50185Ia»**>. —
501862.
50187Ms.
50188"'«.
50189jiain
50190of the
50191travail came,
50192she escaped and bare a male child
50193»'.
50194The
50195fact
50196that she escaped shows that the
50197birtli took place with pereeption on the part
50198of her who gave
50199birth,
50200and not
50201in phantasy".
50202So Gregory the Theoogian
50203also
50204in
50205the sermon
50206abont Easter
50207says
50208of the
50209birth
50210of the babe vvhen
50211it
50212is
50213born
50214:
50215« But she also cried
502163 frora the compulsion
50217of the virgin and maternal
50218bonds, with great power, when a male child was born froni the prophetess,
50219as
50220Isaiah announces
50221»
50222'.
50223How could the fact that she cried l'rom the compulsion
50224and did not rend the bond of virginity happen without pereeption, and not with
50225such great pereeption as this on
50226tlife part of her who bare ?
50227And these things
50228took place
50229ineffably and beyond everything.
50230He who wished to come truly
50231in
50232all nur attributes, and to be made like to us his brethren without sin, was
50233certainly born
50234in
50235fleshly fashion by
50236a
50237manifest
50238and
50239true
50240birth,
50241causing
50242pereeption in her who bare, free from all pain and suffering;
50243for the prophet
50244proclaims that she gave birth before the pain of the travail came.
50245For how
50246was she to be subjeeted
50247to the trial of pains and
50248anguish, who put an end
50249to the bearing of children in anguish through the fact that joy was born for
50250the whole race of men?
50251For,
50252« Lo
50253!
50254», he says,
50255«
50256I announce unto you great
50257I.
50258Is..
50259i.xvi,
502607. —
502612. yaviaGix. —
502623. Greg,
50263äxpavev,
50264Crom lxpT,Yvjat, whieh
50265the translator
50266has
50267taken
50268for
50269an
50270aor.
50271ind. from
50272zpdc<u. —
502734. Oc. xlv,
5027413.
50275::7 r b.
p. 274
50276XXX
50277G 76 v° b
50278262
50279LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
50280[90]
50281yciaü^ ^«l/;
50282.|^ci^ o£sjl^ c*JL*/;
50283^.öi JK.^;
50284Ho»-«
50285yOJÜS.
50286Jj/
50287\ sen\*
50288^^o/
50289rdn^VÄ.3
50290na.-Lji-i-.n'n cain_x r^aan
50291rsfnjj aa ji^ ^Vrv>
50292rd.la
50293jcoaiv^rsf
50294rd.x.c\_xjj
50295rdJ*
50296/JL.r^a-i.ia-vn
50297cot^-S
50298rdlTi rdnaca*
50299jcnctiursf
50300cal .ntwn ^Lrdla
50301.'rsf^cuin
50302ooi
50303..jlioKjLio
503041^.JLijJ»o
50305yOpbsJiO
50306jjLi',-0 JVoK-3 ^iwj
50307OÖI
50308V-»->x j^o-A
50309K-.JU--3 1>
50310OCH» ^-.1 QJÖt .•w^OoJ^it/
50311Oi^pQjL^
50312v3/l
50313OCH» ..'K-Jf^fc
50314j'ffeS —OloK_/
503151. Ms. ^'llio-
50316joy,
50317that
50318is
50319to
50320all
50321the people,
50322llial
50323liiere hath been born
50324to vou
50325to-day
50326a
50327Saviour, who is the Lord Christ
50328»
50329'
50330.
50331XXX.
50332ÜF
50333THE
50334HOLY
50335SeVERUS,
50336FROM
50337THE
50338LETTER
50339TO
50340THE
50341PRESBYTER
50342Victor
503432
50344, because someone when reading with the same Victor
50345in tue book
50346of the same patriarch
50347said to
50348ihm that
50349it
50350is not proper to say that the
50351breaii
50352which
50353is
50354consecbated
50355upon
50356the holy
50357altars, which
50358is
50359the
50360body
50361OF Emmanuel,
50362is
50363impassible
50364and
50365immortal,
50366and
50367is
50368a
50369giver
50370of
50371impassi-
50372BIL1TY AND
50373IMMORTAL1TY
50374TO
50375THOSE WHO
50376PAKTAKE
50377OF
50378IT,
50379THOUGH
50380EVEN
50381HE
50382HIMSELF
50383SAID
50384AND CONFESSED THAT THE
50385BREAD WHICH
50386II \S
50387BEEN TRANSMUTED
50388IS
50389THE
50390BODY,
50391BUT
50392NOT
50393IMPASSIBLE, BECAUSE
50394IT
50395IS
50396BliOKEN AND
50397DIYIDED;
50398IN
50399ANSWER
50400TO
50401WHICH
50402THE
50403HOLY
50404MAN
50405HIMSELF
50406SPEAKS
50407AS FOLLOWS.
50408519-21
50409(?).
50410For
50411the bread
50412that
50413is
50414consecrated ou
50415the
50416holy
50417tables
50418and
50419mystically
50420transmuted
50421is
50422itself truly the body, the body of liiin in whose aame
50423il was in
504241. Luke, n, 10,11. — 2. S .L.,
50425p. 154, 474. These references make
50426il probable that the
50427letters
50428to Victor
50429were writleu soun aller episcopacy.
50430See also below,
50431p.
50432103,
50433106.
p. 275
50434[91]
50435XXX. — TO VICTOR.
50436JjlOJu*
50437jJ»
50438j^.-»-- *-)V^
50439-oiok-./
50440^<a-o;
50441oöi»
50442^-.;
50443yj
50444.,_.
50445la^ JJ/
50446•.
50447'
50448••,
50449- -
50450K~.J-ijj»
50451jböK-iLio» oöt lou^ o^v v^^ vj -Uo-^ö JJo .«okA../
50452o&.
50453^-ju^aio
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50455o£*.
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50470}
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50475001
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50484-.yi
50485»
50486juacu«ot-aoo
50487o»J^
50488^i^sKJm^o
50489(laxic^ot-s
50490ovo
50491,.3 öu»
50492-.^a-oo au~
50493K^Jjl»^s,o
50494: fcv»J_ta^Ajcio
50495JJo )la_na_»—
50496jJ
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50498. • Ijiqj^m
50499JJo
50500s^otoJS*../
50501)la*..iö
50502jJ
50503vs/j
505041
50505.-^JL.;aioo
50506looi J-po JW; ^^io :1K.sKjo
50507J «^üKj; ^«xa;
50508t-"-^, °°« •^*-*>
50509Jlola.00
50510.•|j_Aj
50511j^cuJ^io
50512vA^lIh liax^cupa^
50513ovjs
50514r3
50515öi^>
50516•
50517. ^.oia*.ji.rQ.j
50518!^,L.j^..~/i
50519^^^./i JüdA;
50520y.-/
50521jU-^ioJ^
50522Jjoio
50523.JoüSs;
50524^t-^p
50525«^.äo^-*/ op ^>o;
50526oöi
50527>^»..3j
50528oj—
50529)»m^io
50530-.^.j-wJ.J
50531)K_oiQ-^V
50532yOOi-fcJLo^LS
50533^01.^0
50534..^.jJ^ioKjiLie;
50535•:• L~.=>,.:>o ^i»
50536Na..Ä£0»
50537oöi
50538J.:>a~._. a^o
50539•
50540. ) ^o K.io;
50541J-^t-s
505421. Ms. US/»- —
505432. Added in mare. —
505443. Ms. ow-
50545fact transmuted, that
50546is of him who voluntarily died and rose
50547for our sakes.
50548Bat,
50549if
50550it
50551is
50552tlie body of him who
50553rose,
50554it
50555is piain
50556that
50557it
50558is impassible and
50559immortal.
50560Ifwe do not look at the bread that
50561is mystically transmuted, but
50562at that which comes under the eyes of the senses, and, seeing
50563it broken, do
50564not confess
50565it
50566to be
50567indeed immortal,
50568it
50569is time
50570for us to say that neither
50571is
50572it God's body
50573: for what
50574is seen
50575is indeed bread.
50576By the faith therefore
50577bv which we understand and
50578believe
50579it to be the body of God who became
50580incarnate withont Variation
50581for our sakes, and voluntarily suffered and rose,
50582by the
50583same
50584faith we
50585understand and confess that
50586it
50587is also immortal and
50588impassible, and bestows impassibility and immortality on
50589us.
50590For
50591he who
50592allowed
50593it to be cut and divided, because indeed
50594it was otherwise impossible
50595for us
50596to
50597partake
50598of
50599it,
50600in the same
50601mercifulness also
50602allows God's body
50603which
50604has
50605been
50606already
50607transmuted
50608to
50609appear
50610as
50611bread.
50612And
50613for
50614a
50615confirmation of the transmutation that
50616is accomplished this has been seen bv
50617many
50618even
50619with
50620the eyes of their
50621senses themselves, and they have
50622seen
50623bloodstained llesh being broken,
50624not the bread that
50625is
50626laid upon the
50627altar.
p. 276
50628XXXI
50629I. 24v° a
50630F
50631'.l'l V).
50632'
50633264
50634LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
50635L'-^
506361
50637*r£Lfio*£cLfio
50638JK_oö
50639J_*jo_x>
50640».-»
50641JJ
50642>_>/;o
50643:Jooi
50644K_Jjojlo;
50645J_u«_£o/;
50646ot_^._a£>
50647^_; ^£^>o
50648la_\
50649..KjüldI/
50650v_cl_cl2>)._>
50651op>a>.i
50652^öt
50653s_oo;o(.jo_co ^i.o
50654: Jio.._._oo~.i
50655J»*-,.-« ^^
50656J>i__^ ^a—^j
50657^.-/o
50658.|;ot "^^-O;
50659,__^/
50660K_s'K_
50661Jjl_j ^v>
50662,__o
50663^*Jlj/
50664L24v
50665i)
50666^.ooa-^3;
50667J3s°
50668It--31*?
50669••**-*
50670K_>.j-J./o
50671.k__öu )l^JbOOA_
50672JIX^_oo
50673:*o—__*._>
50674vm.».\^lnfi «>
50675^_o;
50676J-.Ö;
50677oöt
50678t-*-^ °^ .^loL^_oa_\
50679>,_*./'
50680)V^s oii
50681Ji^____-
50682yoot-s
50683t5
50684»ooi_>
50685-.oi»K_»
50686^_oo
50687-ojaio^o ^_o; ^"^
50688>
50689J^'t"**/ ^ M
50690JJo__oo
50691Jjooi Inn.qmN
50692jJ / .^-*>/
50693U*>
50694^---N,-,
50695jJ
50696,-> -.a—*—'*/
50697J-Ä3^
50698>q_m
50699: 3vm mä).^
50700jKju.,_o —öi
50701V-"-^ 'vcoojogaa
50702.o,-_i.
50703Jo»__N ^i.;
50704J_5;a_^;
50705JJ
50706Jlo_L.ia.-oi ^.£_*>
50707Jl,-v.
50708*>t-^o
50709-.K-JL;»!/
50710J»a___oa_»
50711Jjjj«
50712J>ok»
50713!» <m »
50714v_oa..jo_^-Q..M
50715J-ooot...
50716Jjl9l,vO____> oorpl/; yOJÖM
50717;cu-L\i
50718JJ / .K_u_N
50719Oi_s_> "^3
507201. As
50721Ibis leaf
50722oi' L
50723is
50724lorn,
50725I supply
50726the gaps l'rom F
50727(see
50728p.
50729iv). —
507302. F
50731wos***, L
50732def. —
507333. F
50734tooomSIsj, L
50735def.
50736XXXI.
50737Of TUE
50738HOLY SEVERUS FROM
50739TUE
50740LETTER
50741TO
50742SeBGIUS
50743TUE
50744PHYSICIAN
50745\ND
50746SOPHIST.
50747515-8.
50748But with regard
50749to the
50750reception
50751of
50752Eutyches
50753that
50754it
50755was
50756done
50757in
50758a
50759canonical way, and that
50760it
50761casts no slur on the holy Dioscorus, and
50762on the
50763synod which assembled with liim at Ephesus,
50764I addressed
50765the arguments on
50766this head to certain persons some time ago, and
50767I also dealt completely with
50768it as the truth demands
50769; and
507701
50771have thought
50772it good and urgent
50773to send a
50774copy
50775of these things to your learning.
50776Not only the wretched man
50777l'rom
50778Scythopolis
50779'
50780,
50781but many others
50782besides beforc bim and after him, employed
50783the same blasphemous absurdities, not knowing what they are saying-, hnt
50784made empty-mindedness fulness of blasphemy against God.
50785The holy synod
50786which assembled at Ephesus with the saintly witness of the truth Dioscorus
50787taught
50788nothing new whatever
50789with
50790regard
50791to
50792the
50793faith,
50794but
50795only effected
50796the
50797deprivation
507983
50799of
50800those
50801who were
50802infected
50803with
50804the Jewish
50805poison
50806of
50807l. John
50808the scholastic
50809:
50810sc.'
50811Loofs,
50812Leontius
50813v.
50814Byzanz,
50815p.
50816269
50817Texte
50818u. Untersuchungen, Bd.
50819III);
50820Lebon,
50821Le Monophysisme Severien,
50822p.
50823149,
50824153,
50825162. —
508262.
50827I Tim.,
50828i,
508297. —
50830>.
50831xaüai'peoi;.
p. 277
50832[93]
50833XXXI. - TO SERGTUS THE
50834PIIYSICTAN.
50835265
50836J^;oKa/
50837|J p .k\ -\r>
50838Jjl.oS.3 ^Ot-o a-skol/ ^Q^\aaüL*^JL^coaiu» ? ^-\oi
50839)^—a.jL.io
50840y.-/
50841./aju-jL^K-ioA
50842vQ.
50843,.
50844ffl ^
50845Jjoijaso
50846.<h_^l^js;
50847)
50848i
50849°> ^jo
50850Lju^?
50851»s^ö
50852K^j^is.^ )-.oiSs v^M^>
50853-ot-JLio
50854^.äj!/ Mj|j
50855JK~jj{
50856^J^o«
50857v\^o«
50858V-*>Lj ^T r^?
50859La*>
50860•J-*^»a
50861IA» r^!
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508674 j_a-ot^o J.^io;))^;
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50877.'
50878,^a*ia^mj;
50879woi
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50881L>^_>>o JJ-^»
50882J-3 ?«*--«^? :Uä».3
50883-,.*> laA»
50884-öi otlv^/o
50885: J-^-°<?
50886a_j
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50889: v oJJ»
50890C otkoo>
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508921
50893»_-^ia.io» vaj6t
50894-.vO-a^
50895l»** e**x—3 ^/? *Mi78v
50896l. Ms. a*^-«^- —
50897'2. Heiv begins an
50898extracl
50899in M
50900i:s v
50901a. -
509023.
50903F Pojö^as,
50904s?
509051'». L
50906def. — v
50907l
50908^«^.o, L def. —
509095. M •moo£mj v
50910!•' <a£m> ?
50911. L def. —
509126. M l^ov —
509137. M
50914pl. —
509158. M Pcuima;
50916(sie).
50917_ 9. M
50918voom^Siüso
50919Nestorius and cast them
50920off
50921:
50922bu1
50923Eutyches, wlio
50924presented
50925a
50926petition and
50927anathematized his heresy, on aecount of which he was aecused,
50928il aeeepted on
50929the ground of the actual petition itself and on the ground of the minntes' that
50930were
50931written
50932at Gonstantinople
50933before Flavian,
50934since
50935it did
50936not
50937recognise
50938the poison that was in his heart, and
50939the disease hard
50940to be discovered was
50941in
50942aecordance with
50943the human
50944Standard properly
50945hidden
50946from
50947it
50948;
50949for
50950the
50951divine Scripture plainly teaclies that 'man looks on the
50952face,
50953bu1 God looks
50954on the
50955heart'
509562
50957.
50958Bat what
50959will \nyone
50960say about those who assembled
50961at
50962Chalcedon, who reeeived Theodoret and Hiba, who
50963not merely
50964liid the foul
50965heresy of Nestorius
50966in the
50967heart,
50968but actually displayed
50969it with open
50970face.
50971W'hen the contents of the minntes' on accounl
50972of which
50973Iliha's deprivation
509743
50975took place had been
50976read,
50977and his
50978Ietter
50979to Mari
50980the
50981Persian,
50982which was
50983füll
50984of many blasphemies
50985(a copy
50986of which
50987I
50988liave
50989also
50990sent to
50991you), the
50992representatives of Leo, who had become prelate of the church of the Romans,
50993pronounced him blameless, making the following declaration
50994'
50995:
50996« Pascasinus
50997and Lucentius the reverend bishops and Boniface the presbyter representing
509981. 0«o(ivr,(i.aT«. —
509992.
51000I
51001Reg.,
51002xvi,
510037 —
51004:J.
51005xa6a:'f,E(5t;. —
510064.
51007SiaXaii'a.
p. 278
51008XXXII
51009M 178 v"
51010b.
51011266
51012LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
51013[94]
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51108illeg. —
51109:s. M
51110l3ao^m9(. —
51111',.
51112|, |_x2o»U(- —
511135. Herp
51114the
51115extracl
51116in
51117L eiuls. —
511186. M*.^w with erasure following.
51119the apostolic throne'
51120said by the mouth
51121of
51122Pascasinus,
51123'From the reading
51124of the documents
511252
51126, and from the Statement
511273 of the reverend bishops we know
51128that the reverend Hiba has been shown to be innocent.
51129Für, when his letter
51130was read, we recognised that
51131it is orthodox''
51132; and therefore our decision
51133is
51134that the episcopal rank
51135also and
51136the church from which
51137he was wrongfully
51138ejected
51139in
51140his absence be
51141restored'
51142»
51143:i
51144.
51145And
51146to
51147tliese
51148tliings
51149the
51150whole
51151synod assented
51152; and they promulgated the same
51153decision.
51154How then can
51155those who
51156defend
51157those
51158men
51159dare
51160to
51161make
51162the
51163reception
51164of Eutyches,
51165which took place according to the canons, a charge against the holy Dioscorus
51166and the synod which assembled with him?
51167XXXII.
51168Of
51169THE
51170SAME
51171FROM
51172THE
51173LETTER
51174TO
51175TUE ORTHODOX
51176"
51177BROTHERS
51178IN
51179THE
51180CITY
51181OF TvHE,
51182WHICH
51183IS
51184SuR.
51185513-8.
51186Siiice
51187yon
51188have
51189thought
51190lit
51191to
51192ask
51193nie
51194for
51195wlial
51196reason Eutyches
51197is
51198anathematized, the man of
51199ill name' and impions, and how
51200it
51201is that he was
51202received bv Dioscorus of saintly meinory, we say
51203in a few words that he was
512041.
512056p6vo?. —
512062. yüprtK. —
512073. öno^aoic
51208-
512094.
51210öp6iS8o£oq. —
512115. Mansi, VII,
51212261. —
512136.
512146p6<58o5oi. —
512157. This
51216represents
51217Svctiävuiios and perh. means
51218thal
51219he was falsely Damed Eutyches (fortunate
p. 279
51220XXXIII
51221M 178 r
51222b.
51223[95]
51224XX XIII.
51225- TO NEON.
51226267
51227k_/j
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51286^.iOO
51287.JloJL-V^O
51288J^JU^iCUS O^stol/»
51289I. Ms. om.
51290i- —
51291i. Lacuna
51292in ms.
51293received
51294on presenting a document' which
51295contained
51296a
51297right confession of
51298faith and anathematized Mani and Valentine, and Apollinaris, and those who
51299say thatthe flesh ofourLord and God Jesus Christ came down from heaven;
51300to which he further added the words that follow (though those who assembled
51301at (lhaicedon
51302interrupted the reading, when the
51303things that werc written at
51304Ephesus
51305in the transactions
513062 concerning him were put
51307in),
51308that the things
51309which
51310they wished
51311to
51312impule
51313to him wert- slanders
513143
51315.
51316But
51317the man
51318of
51319ill
51320name seems ayain to have
51321'returneü to his vomit'
51322'
51323.
51324And that
51325'
51326XXXIII. — Of
51327the
51328iioi.i
51329Severtjs,
51330from
51331the
51332letteh
51333to
51334Neois
51335THE
51336PRESBYTER AND ARCHIMANDRITE
513376
51338,
51339AB0UT
51340THE
51341RSCEPTION
51342OF EüTYCHES.
51343And,
51344in
51345Order
51346not
51347to extend the
51348letter
51349to
51350a great
51351length,
51352from
51353these
51354513-
51355declarations '
51356it has been clearly made known that, as we said, in consequence
51357of the document' and
51358of the minutes
513598 written
51360in the royal
51361city, and of the
51362depositions
513639 on behalf of Eutyches that are contained in them the holy synod
513641.
51365/.iScXXov. —
51366-2.
51367npä$t;. —
513683.
51369Mansi, VI, 633, 639-643. —
51370i.
51371II Pet.,
51372ii,
5137322. —
513745.
51375tlere the ms. breaks
51376u/1'. — 6. Of Tagais
51377(S.
51378L., p. 318, 320). —
513797.
513806iaXaXi<x?. —
513818.
51382ino[;.vr,[ia7oc. —
513839.
51384/.OTOcOeuei«.
p. 280
51385268
51386LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
51387[96]
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51477^.i
51478J»-*-^! •°91 ? J"^
51479l^t-3 ?
514801. Ms.
51481©ifc-ö-.
51482which ihen assembled in the city of the Ephesians gave a decision by which
51483it declared this man innocent; and
51484it can never be accused on account of the
51485fact that after these things the same Eutyches ran back
51486to the vomit'
51487of his
51488own
51489evil
51490opinion.
51491For
51492neither
51493against
51494the
51495holy fathers
51496did
51497this bring a
51498reproach, because many
51499heretics consented
51500to a temporary
51501hypocrisy, and
51502again
51503returned
51504to
51505their
51506impiety;
51507since
51508even
51509with
51510the
51511318
51512holy
51513fathers
51514Eusebius
51515Pamphili both
51516sat in concourse with
51517Ihem and was one of their
51518nnmber; and he contended with these on behalf of the madness of Arius, and
51519armed himself against those who held the right opinions.
51520(And
51521(i
51522Utile farther on.
51523i
51524Bnt
51525in the synod
51526at Chalcedon Dioscorus said this
51527:
51528«
51529But,
51530if Eutyches
51531holds anything outside the doctrines of the church,
51532he deserves not merely
51533punisliment,
51534but
51535even
51536iire.
51537But
515381 concern
51539myself
51540Cor
51541the
51542catholic
51543and
51544apostolic
51545faith,
51546not for any man
51547soever
51548y>".
51549But
51550that
51551the
51552saintly man
51553of
51554saintly memory acknowledged Emmanuel who
51555is of the Father's
51556nature
51557in
515581.
51559II
51560Pet.,
51561ii,
5156222. —
515632. Mansi, VI,
51564033.
p. 281
51565XXXIV
51566l: 217 r
51567b.
51568[97]
51569XXXIV - TO ELISHA.
51570269
51571£>l
51572Jo.oi;
51573:)ooi
51574^jofcotio o£^
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516111^*1
516121. Ms. oeoL|. —
516132. Ailded in marg.
51614in smaller
51615letters. — $. Ms. e^P^v —
516164.
51617Ms.
51618vf>;-x>b-
51619llie Godhead
51620himself
51621to
51622have become
51623also
51624of our nature
51625in
51626the manhood,
51627how do \ve need any other Eestimony, since the minutes'
51628that were written
51629in Constantinople before Flavian, and brouglit in again
51630at Ephesus,
51631plainly
51632contain this
51633expression, which was
51634confessed by
51635Eutyches, and confirmed
51636by
51637him,
51638in
51639that he
51640asked
51641that
51642synod,
51643« Do we
51644all
51645also
51646agree
51647to
51648these
51649things?
51650» and they said,
51651« We agrife
51652»
51653- ?
51654XXXIV. — Of
51655tue
51656iioly
51657Sevehus,
51658a letter
51659to
51660Elishä
51661THE
51662PRESBYTER
51663AND
51664A.RCHIMANDRITE,
51665AND
51666THE
51667REST
51668:l
51669.
51670The saintly presbyter John
51671lias removed and gone to the place of light of
51672519-21
51673(?)
51674the righteous, and to the rest above in which those who have so lived abide,
51675expecting the day of the perfecl and
51676füll promise, and not without ns to be
51677made perfect, as Paul who was initiated into the deep and inelTable things of
51678the foreknowledge of God somewhere says
51679'.
51680What need is there even to say
516811.
51682Ü7to(j.vr,!J.o!7a. —
516832. Ibid.,
51684744- —
51685:i. Appended
51686in
51687the ms.
51688lo bk. m
51689of the work against John
51690the
51691grammarian
51692of Caesarea
51693(Joh.,
51694Vit.
51695Sev.,
51696in
51697/'.
516980.,
51699II,
51700278), a work which
51701exisls onl>
51702in
51703fragtuents
51704see G.
51705B.
51706M., p.
517071323;
51708Lebon, Le Monophysisme Suvorien.
51709p.
51710147. — 4. Hebr.,
51711xi,
5171240.
p. 282
51713217
51714v°
51715a.
51716270.
51717LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
51718[98]
51719Jjlj/ p
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517631. Ms.
51764is»:»
51765what poignant and heavy sorrow has shaken my soul?
51766For
51767it is a great loss
517681 hat this wretched turbidity of times in which we ourselves have been leftalive
51769should by such men being snatched away be gradually laid bare and reduced
51770so to speak to the last dregs.
51771About liim there
51772is much that
51773I might write
51774oii the laudatory side, but, overcome by the multitude of subjects,
51775I say this
51776briefly,
51777that he alone taught us and caused us to see before our eyes, what
51778is the kingdom of heaven that
51779is
51780spoiled, which spoilers seize
517811
51782.
51783In such a
51784a way, clad in the feeble body as
51785in a cliain of lead, he parted and dispersed
51786all
51787things
51788outside,
51789and
51790by
51791taking
51792little
51793thought
51794for things
51795that
51796draw
51797downwards,
51798and
51799receiving strength
51800through
51801desire of heavenly things,
51802he
51803iitted himself wholly for things above, to which
51804he has now easily departed.
51805Therefore we must both weep and
51806groan
51807for our
51808solitude, which has been
51809deprived entirely of such a pattern and honourable example.
51810But, since we
51811ought
51812to bow our neck before the just scales of the judgments of God, we
51813praise him who so Orders these things andbrings them to pass
51814: for the wise
51815and strenuous Job somewhere says,
51816et But
51817if he too liath sojudged, who
51818is he
51819that gainsaith him?
51820For what
51821he
51822himself vvished he
51823also did
51824»-.
51825And for
518261. Mallh.,
51827xi,
5182812. —
518292. Job, xxiii.
5183013.
p. 283
51831[99]
51832XXXIV. — TO ELISHA.
5183327J
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518892. M>.
51890.oSLoo^*.!--
51891.;.
51892Jls.
51893B
518941 1
51895i •
51896stop following. —
518974. Ms. ^oo
51898the
51899rest
51900\ve
51901pray
51902that by
51903tlie
51904saintly prayers
51905of those who
51906have made
51907a
51908good deparlure
51909hence we may be
51910saved,
51911and
51912as
51913far
51914as
51915possible
51916be
51917kept
51918miliarmed, and not wander irom the
51919l'ailli
51920of these men, and may be raised
51921to them in memory.
51922May these things be
51923so.
51924But
51925in
51926respect
51927of wliat has been written by
51928your
51929lovc
51930of God about the
51931sustenance
51932of the poor, and
51933our
51934necessity or
51935refreshment, and
51936that you wish
51937to
51938share
51939witb
51940ns
51941in everything, and give
51942readily, know this, that we accept the füll pnrpose of your mind,
51943but, being
51944small and weak, we
51945look
51946tu
51947Paul
51948the doctor of the church, and as regards
51949our needs set ourselves to feel shame and refrain, and look at him who says,
51950« In
51951all things
51952I
51953have kept myself wilhout being burdensome to you and will
51954keep
51955myself
51956»'.
51957But with
51958respect
51959to the
51960relief of our brethren who
51961are
51962labouring under the same dislresses, by which
51963life
51964is oppressed,
51965I will exerl
51966myself,
51967and
51968will
51969be
51970importnnate,
51971or
51972rather
519732
51974will
51975use
51976lawful
51977rboldness
51978of
51979speech
519803
51981, and will beg, and grasp
519824
51983, and incite to liberal giving; and I will again
51984use his words and say,
51985« He that soweth sparingly shall reap sparingly; and
51986he that soweth bountifully shall reap bountifully
51987»
51988: and
51989this
51990he seals by the
519911.
51992II Gor.,
51993xi.
519949. —
519952.
51996[iä»,ov. —
519973.
51998rtappjioia. — i
51999Peili. read
52000*§$'— 1° 'and urge'.
52001V
52002I).
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52003272
52004-LEITERS OF SEVERUS.
52005[100]
52006yx.~ i
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52059)a*.'LL/>
52060very wise and understanding addition,
52061« Every man as Ins heart willeth, not
52062grudgingly nor
52063ot' necessity
52064: for God loveth a cheerful giver »
52065'
52066.
52067As to the book that
52068I have composed against
52069the heretical
52070fatuity
52071of
52072the
52073wicked grammarian, by
52074often writing and asking
52075for
52076it
52077lo be
52078sent
52079to
52080von
52081before
52082it was completely finished you were acting like men who urge a boj
52083who is healthy and well-prepared, and instructed in military affairs, to appear
52084in the line of battle when he has not yet pnt
52085011 bis armour.
52086But, now that
52087by God's
52088help
52089it has been
52090finislied, as
52091far as our
52092little power goes, and has
52093been duly written, and duly collated as far as was possible, it has been
52094sent.
52095It was a very difficult task and ueeded a great störe
52096of books, and
52097it was so
52098to speak difficult for nie to correct, because
52099I am moving from place to place,
52100and
52101I
52102have not everywhere
52103at hand
52104fitting testimonies and demonstrations
52105from tHe Scriptures.
52106For
52107I thought
52108it right to meet no1 only the lamentable
52109babblings of the grammarian, but also the whole web of impiety contained in
52110wha! was defined and done by way of innovation at Chalcedon by
52111llie synod
52112which met there, and theimpious Tome of Leo, taking occasion from the very
521131. H
52114Cur.,
52115ix,
521166,
521177.
p. 285
52118[101)
52119XXXIV. — TO ELISHA.
52120273
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522363. Ms. um. v —
522374. Ms. voov.fcv»/- —
52238:,. Ms.
52239pl.
52240things stated by him
52241(I mean that grammarian)
52242to expose the
52243dishonesty
52244oi'
52245the adversaries, and cut the very root so to speak
52246oi' bitterness', and to show
52247wiience
52248it sprang, and that these things arc not nevv, but were evolved long
52249ago by the impious Company of those wlio unlearnedly held this evil opinion;
52250and
52251not
52252only
52253so,
52254but
52255also
52256to show -»the
52257agreement
52258of the
52259doctors
52260of
52261tlie
52262orthodox
522632
52264,
52265and
52266of things
52267whieh
52268to men
52269wlio
52270are
52271not
52272practised
52273in
52274divine
52275doctrines seem to be contrary, and have the satne purpose beforc them, and to
52276guard
52277myself as
52278far
52279as possible against contention from
52280all sides.
52281Imme-
52282diately therefore
52283after the holy
52284Cyril and Gregory the Theologian, and
52285all
52286who so to speak taught the same things, had also said that we must note the
52287distinction
52288in
52289theory
522903 and
52291in thought of the natures of whieh
52292Emmanuel
52293is
52294composed, from whieh natures the different character and diverse essence
52295' of
52296the
52297elements that were joined
52298in union
52299is recognised, Theodotus of saintly
52300memory, bishop of Ancyra
52301in Galatia, seems to deny this and not
52302to accept
52303the division
52304in thought
523055
52306.
52307On this account many of the orthodox" also were
52308confounded by
52309the
52310heretics
52311as
52312if
52313they were
52314adducing
52315fathe/s who said
523161.
52317Ilebr.,
52318xil,
5231915. — 2. öp9doo?oi. — 3. Bewpio. —
52320i.
52321oütn'oc. —
52322.",. Exp. Syn. Nie, 10
52323(/
52324J
52325.
52326(j., LXXVII,
523271328).
52328218
52329r*
52330a.
p. 286
52331i is r
52332li
52333274
52334LETTERS
52335<>F SEVERUS.
52336[1021
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52452contradictory things, though the objectors could not discern even tlie reading
52453of the words of Theodotus, but read them differently, not as the words stand.
52454This therefore and
52455all such points we liave brought together froni all quarters,
52456and,
52457God
52458stretching
52459forth
52460bis
52461band, bave
52462explained
52463tbem,
52464and
52465so
52466have
52467shown the objections of the impious to be vain.
52468Tlie demonstrations which
52469ihey adduce are of ancient date and not of yesterday and the day before, and
52470they have been worked up by means of inventions and false attributions and
52471tens of thousands
52472<>f contrivances,
52473since they wish on
52474all sides
52475to show the
52476refutation of the impiety
52477to he futile.
52478Therefore
52479it was indeed atask replete
52480with great difficulties to
52481lind tbese passages, and lay bare
52482tlie
52483evil dealing
52484and expose the deceit contained in them.
52485These things the prophet's words
52486fit, which were spoken
52487in the name ol'God
52488to
52489lliose of Israel,
52490« Ephraim halh
52491surrounded me with
52492falsehood, and the
52493house
52494of Israel and
52495of Judah witb
52496impiety
52497»'
52498: and
52499still
52500better
52501that
52502also which
52503is
52504written
52505in
52506Daniel,
52507« They
52508worked zealously to strengthen
52509their
52510deceit which
52511consisted in
52512transgres-
52513sions
52514»
525152
52516.
52517Having therefore as far as possible read all the books, thoroughly
52518and not
52519negligently,
525201 madc myself acquainted with
52521their
52522evil purpose
52523after
52524l.
52525lld>.,
52526xi,
52527I-. — - Nut
52528in um' lexts
52529<>( Dan.
p. 287
52530in:;
52531XXXIV. — TO ELISHA.
52532275
52533.Jj/
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52591) m^^ ^^£0*5
52592much labour and after searcliing for each one of them (often
52593it could not be
52594found
52595at
52596all), and
52597this though
52598I am in
52599a condition
52600'
52601of exile, and
52602flee from
52603one place
52604to
52605another
52606for refuge
52607like
52608boats
526092 npon
52610the
52611sea.
52612To me
52613also
52614it
52615was
52616gratifying
52617that
52618the
52619wise
52620and
52621Ghrist-loving Zacharias
52622the
52623scholastie
5262411
52625slionld read the dissertation mentioned
52626:
52627for in the royal
52628city also
52629I used
52630to
52631bring mv works
52632to him, when he wonld
52633listen
52634attentively with
52635all
52636care
52637fulness, and received from God the privilege of being a wise hearer
52638of .lern-
52639salem,
52640I mean
52641of the
52642church
52643of God. and
52644did
52645not
52646shrink
52647from
52648being
52649an
52650admirable adviser, on account of the great experience and Instruction in
52651the
52652sacred
52653books which
52654he
52655lias
52656enjoyed from
52657his boyhood.
52658And
52659\ve
52660believe
52661that upon you
52662the
52663religions presbyter Victor'
526641 the same grace blooms,
52665and
52666that
52667it
52668in
52669no way
52670falls
52671shorl of that which was given
52672to him,
52673or
52674certainly
52675it was even
52676ereater, and reaches
52677a
52678still
52679hierher Standard on account
52680of the
52681order
52682of the presbyterate, and
52683the
52684priestly
52685seat
52686to which you
52687have
52688been
52689called by God.
52690I
52691therefore beg von
52692all
52693to read the composition
52694diligently
52695and with attentive thoughts and,
52696as your
52697habit
52698is,
52699wisely, and
52700if as weak
52701men we
52702have
52703anywhere
52704gone
52705wrong
52706to point
52707it
52708out.
52709«
52710That
52711a
52712brother
52713should be helped by
52714a brother,
52715this
52716also
52717is the firm
52718strength
52719of a
52720fortified
527211.
52722ayf^ix. —
527232. xapöSia. —
52724:*. The biographer vi Severüs
52725'/'.
527260.,
52727II.
527287). — 4. See above, ep.
52729:J>0.
52730PATR. OR. —
52731T.
52732XII. —
52733F.
527342.
5273519
52736218 v
52737a.
p. 288
52738*
52739218
52740V"
52741I
52742276
52743LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
52744[IO'i]
52745. JK im ..^
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52826• .) ivki »\ Jbo^ io^ocu»
52827city
52828»',
52829tlie
52830God-inspired
52831words
52832teacli.
52833Tlierefore
52834also we made
52835it
52836our
52837Business,
52838as
52839far as possible, to bring this
52840dissertation
52841also to
52842certain men
52843of intelligence and
52844skilled
52845in
52846argument, who
52847are
52848not
52849without
52850a
52851share
52852in
52853divine and
52854profane
52855learning,
52856and
52857read
52858it
52859to
52860them,
52861generally
52862stealing
52863an
52864opportunity for reading, and doing this in
52865secret, on account
52866of the present
52867tiine.
52868The beginning of this treatise
52869I have put
52870in such
52871a form
528722
52873,
52874in order
52875that
52876I may seem to have
52877prepared
52878this
52879while
52880I was
52881living
52882in Antioeh,
52883lest
52884perhaps these adversaries might kindle a greater Harne
52885of prejudice against
52886me,
52887if they perceived
52888that this had been composed by
52889nie in
52890exile*: and
52891in
52892truth when
52893I was there
52894I began to prepare material for an auswer,
52895though,
52896when tlie persecution came,
52897it scaltered these things.
52898Since
52899you,
52900the Goddoving
52901presbyter
52902Philip
52903',
52904have
52905often asked
52906for
52907the
52908Book of Dispensation as you say to bo sent you, the only reason
52909for which
52910we have put olf doing this
52911is
52912that we are desirous of lirsl carrying out your
52913request,
52914and
52915casting
52916an
52917eye
52918of
52919criticism on what
52920is
52921written
52922in
52923it;
52924which
52925down to this day we have been confident of beingable to do, though
52926all our
52927attention was
52928occupied
52929with
52930the
52931said
52932composition.
52933Tlierefore,
52934when we
52935have read your book also hastily, we will send
52936it as soon as possible.
529371.
52938l'r..
52939xviii.
5294019. —
529412.
52942<sy;i\\i.a.. —
529433.
52944S.
52945L..
52946i.
5294751
52948;
52949i>.
52950181,
52951:(8'i
52952; see below, ep.
52953.">:>.
p. 289
52954[105]
52955XXXIV. — TO ELISHA.
52956277
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53089Ms.
53090ins.
53091.=
53092• —
530932. Ms.
53094ins. xoou*
53095As to those who have been converted from
53096tlie error of Theodotus
53097' , we
53098say this much, that,
53099it' there are some who received Ordination from Theodotus
53100liiinself,
53101since
53102he
53103was
53104a
53105bishop
53106legally
53107appointed,
53108but
53109was
53110al'terwards
53111perverted to the abominable tenet of a self-created observance 2
53112,
53113I mean that
53114of the
53115illegal
53116re-anointing, and to a -«hange as to the
53117faith, so that he does
53118not confess that our Lord and God Jesus Christ, who
53119is
53120of one essence
531213 witli
53122the
53123Father
53124in the Godhead,
53125himself became
53126also
53127of one
53128essence''
53129with
5313011s
53131without
53132Variation,
53133and
53134took
53135our
53136likeness
53137except
53138sin
53139only,
53140let
53141these
53142he
53143subject to the
53144periods
53145of penance which Timothy of saintly meinory,
53146arcli-
53147bisliop of Alexandria, laid down with regard to those who are converted from
53148tlie heresy of the Diphysites'.
53149But,
53150if there are some others who derive the
53151ordinations alleged
53152to have been performed over them from the man called
53153Gregory
531545 or from others, who are not even bisliops,
53155let these be reckoned as
53156lavmen, and not dream of the name of service or priesthood; but eventually
53157aftcr some
53158time,
53159if some
53160of them receive a report for good works,
53161let these
53162l.
53163Bp. of Joppa
53164(op.
53165cit., p. 207,
53166356,392,
53167472; Zach.
53168Rh., v,4; Evagr.,
53169in,
531706). —
531712. This represenls
53172ieeioöpyiuxei« (Col.,
53173II,
5317423). —
531753. ovoi*. — 4.
531768.
53177r...
53178p.
53179201.
53180368, 382; Zach.
53181Rh.,
53182IV,
5318312
53184Land,
53185p.
53186162);
53187C.
53188B.
53189M..
53190p.
53191643. —
531925.
53193S.
53194L.,
53195p.
53196232,
53197472.
p. 290
53198278
53199LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
53200[106]
53201)
53202>/>) ^\
53203.).ivi.\^
53204JjL~ ^iO;
53205OOI
53206y-*\
53207..^-^01 N^.
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53262*IS~»Va
53263be ordained,
53264as
53265if they
53266liad been advanced
53267from
53268the
53269lay
53270standing
53271to
53272the
53273prieslly
53274cliancel
532751
53276.
53277But
53278I was surprised to
53279see that in your letter, though
53280you termed them laymen, you afterwards asked the question
53281«
53282I low long a
53283period ought to be appointed for these mcn
53284»,
53285as
53286if they were clergymen
532872
53288,
53289men who never became such at all.
53290Therefore also
53291I praised the ignorance
53292of the religious presbyter Victor about these men.
53293As to the
53294rcomplete manuscript
532953 of the divine Scriptures which belonged
53296to John whose soul
53297is at
53298rest, which may
53299fill many
53300bellics of poor men, seil
53301it
53302:
53303for we by God's
53304grace
53305have
53306books
53307', and would wo
53308liad
53309also
53310perfect
53311knowledge of these, which we pray may be given to us by God.
53312We were not surprised to
53313liear that those witliout are at peace with you,
53314since we recalled to mind the
53315divine declaration which says to the righteous
53316man,
53317et For the beasts of the field shall be at peace with thee
53318»
533195
53320.
53321Therefore
53322also we again praised
53323hiin who confessed these
53324things without
53325falsehaod.
53326The end of the letter
53327tu Elisha
53328the presbyter and archimandrite.
53329I.
53330\:,.\>.i. —
53331'2. Ar
53332l oi*.oL —
53333:>. 7rxv8sxTYn. —
53334'/. Or 'the
53335Scriplures
53336'. — S.Job,
53337\,
5333823.
p. 291
53339[107]
53340XXXV. — TO THE MONKS OF TUR KÄST.
53341:>7<>
53342)
533431 1 v>'«v<\n
53344j.i. V | n\o ^J^^o-s;
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533982.
53399R. sing. —
534003. R >a>w. —
53401'..
53402p ^»o» ^poC-^J. —
534035.
53404p
5340511=11
53406XXXV.
53407Of THE PATRIARCH SeVERI S TO THE MONKS OF THE E AST
53408'.
53409To the holv
53410fathers and archimandrites of the holy
53411cloisters
53412in the
53413East
53414and the
53415presbvters and deacons, and
53416all
53417the
53418brothers who
53419are
53420practising
53421the God-loved
53422life of monasticism Seferus greeting in our Lord.
53423I have heard that the great convents of the holy monasteries in the East,
53424who are honoured for eminence
53425in
53426life and
53427in asceticism and
53428for age, have
53429withdrawn, and
53430that
53431to this same thing they have been driven by compul-
53432sion, by those who without fear stretch out their hands against every man
53433:
53434and
53435I groaned deeply; and
534361 continued weeping
53437tili there was no strength
53438lcft
53439in
53440nie
53441to weep more,
53442as
53443the
53444Holy
53445Scripture somewhere
53446says
534472
53448.
53449For
53450I sorrowed not for you (no tears are needed
53451for you) but
53452for the countries
53453wliich have been deprived of you, and for those who live a religious
53454life
53455in
53456thera, and
53457to speak generally
53458for all
53459tliat district\
53460If there were not uni-
53461versal
53462wrath,
53463and
53464the
53465face
53466of God were not
53467averted, you
53468at
53469leasl
53470would
534711
53472Tliis
53473letter
53474is
53475preflxed
53476lo the correspondence with Julian
53477of Halicarnassus
53478in
53479the Roman
53480mss.,
53481bul
53482is absenl
53483in Add. 17000, whieh contains that correspondence.
53484Itwas clearly written at the Urne of
53485the expnlsion of the monks
53486Land. Anecd. Syr., II, 289; Zach. Rh., VIII, 5). — 2.
53487I Reg., xxx, 4. — 3. X"P a -
53488XXXV
53489I! 66 r
53490c.
53491p 260
53492I".
53493p 260 V.
53494R 66v a.
53495520-5.
p. 292
53496i;i; \"
53497li
53498280
53499LETTERS ÖF SEVERUS.
53500[108
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53573>o-i,j.i/- —
535742. Here
53575p breaks
53576off. —
535773. Ms. s?'w.
53578liave remained, as pillars of the great house who would have prevented the
53579ruin that was threatening
53580it.
53581So also, when Jerusalem was being chastised
53582for her sins, and was being delivered to various chastisements, the God
53583of
53584merey,
53585'he that
53586taketh pleasure
53587in merey
535881
53589'
53590(for
53591so
53592the
53593divine
53594Scriptures
53595term
53596him),
53597again
53598spared
53599her
53600on
53601aeeount
53602of
53603his
53604great
53605mereifulness,
53606and,
53607because he did not wish
53608to bring a complete destruetion,
53609is seento address,
53610those who administered such chastisements
53611as were to come,
53612things
53613which
53614Jeremiah saw
53615and
53616heard by
53617prophetic
53618pereeption,
53619in
53620this way
53621:
53622« Go
53623up
53624to
53625lier walls
53626and
53627pull
53628down; but make
53629not
53630a
53631füll
53632end.
53633Leave
53634her
53635foun-
53636dations because they
53637are of the Lord
53638»
536392
53640.
53641If then you, who
53642are
53643the
53644foun-
53645dations of the Lord which
53646stave
53647off destruetion,
53648have now been disturbed
53649and shaken, what
53650is there
53651to
53652expect, save sore stripes from God, and great
53653evils that cannot be assuaged and wrath that
53654is poured
53655out, which
53656he
53657who
53658in just judgment brings
53659it declares
53660in such words as these
53661:
53662« Behold!
53663inv
53664wrath and mine anger
53665is pound out
53666lipon
53667this country and lipon men and
53668upon cattle and lipon
53669all things that are
53670in the
53671field, and upon
53672all
53673the
53674fruits
53675of the earth, and they shall be burnt up and shall not be extinguished
53676»
536773
53678?
53679].
53680Midi.,
53681vii,
53682is. —
536832. Jer.,
53684v, 10.—
53685:i.
53686Id.,
53687VII, 20.
p. 293
53688[109]
53689XXXV.
53690-
53691TO THE MONKS OF THE EAST.
53692281
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53781for «•—
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53783oiii. >lop. —
53784li.
53785»
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53787laier above. —
537887. Ms. I&^aa-
53789For these reasons
53790I
53791sorrowed, and
53792I
53793perceived not the number
53794of my
53795groans, while
53796I contemplated the desolation
53797of
53798the ways
53799that led
53800to your
53801convents and sent to you those who had a
53802zealous
53803desire
53804to
53805delight
53806their
53807souls by the remembrance of divine Hangs, and
53808to whom constant stariding
53809and angebe
53810singing were
53811a
53812festival, and
53813the
53814upward-pressing
53815life, which
53816reminds rational sonls of the imitation of God.
53817For thus Jeremiah also made
53818lament after the destruetion of Jerusalem, and said as in a figure
53819:
53820« The ways
53821of Zion mourn because there is none to come to
53822the
53823feast.
53824All the gates in
53825her are desolate »
53826'.
53827(And he hiinself clearly said
53828tliat her produce
53829is given
53830to destruetion).
53831« Whose priests shall go into captivity groaning, and tliey
53832that have taken upon them the virgin
53833life
53834shall be led away.
53835And
53836slie that
53837was abandoned by them hath bitterness for these things ».
53838For, in order that
53839none might
53840think
53841that the
53842larnentation
53843that was made was
53844not
53845right,
53846on
53847aecount
53848of beams
53849and
53850stones
53851and
53852great
53853buildings
53854that were razed
53855to the
53856earth and the
53857dust, exalting plainly by words the greatness of the disaster,
53858lie made
53859proclamation
53860and
53861said
53862:
53863«
53864Her
53865priests
53866groan
53867and
53868her
53869virgins
538701. Lam.,
53871I
53872i.
p. 294
53873282
53874LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
53875[110]
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53958yofcvj/
53959^-*po|
53960t^5
53961.va2ti«; wai. la^
53962^p3
53963.|^£CL^X
53964v»lol^ ^U
53965JJo
53966.^iOS»
53967^^JS.
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53970~.0,-2^
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53974.Jfco>a_s
53975oi»l)_i
53976^.iö oaJ^Jio .JolKioo ^..«^oj^ ^-Ditoo
539771. Ms. v^w- —
539782. Ms.
53979oni.
53980stop.
53981are
53982carried away, and she
53983herseif within
53984lierself hatli
53985bitterness »\
53986And
53987Elisha the
53988great, who received
53989a
53990double
53991portion
53992tif the
53993spirit that was
53994in
53995Elijah,
53996the man
53997of manv visions and
53998miracles,
53999foreseeing
54000that which was
54001future
54002like
54003the
54004present, and how many
54005evils
54006the people
54007of
54008Israel was
54009to
54010endure, inasmuch
54011as Hazael, King
54012(»f Syria, was
54013to come
54014against
54015theni
54016to
54017war, wept bitterly when he considered the incurability of the evils that were
54018coming, and under
54019stress
54020of these things
54021he could
54022nol
54023refrain, and abstain
54024from tears, and
54025l'rom pitv, though they were about to endure these chastise-
54026ments as they deserved.
54027And therefore also the divine Scripture says as
54028in
54029wunder
54030:
54031« And the man of God wept
54032»
54033J
54034.
54035Bat I heg and entreat your sanctities
54036(for you
54037are my
54038affection no
54039less than he
540405
54041), you who also
54042suirer with your
54043kindred, and,
54044to speak in the words of the apostle,
54045«
54046liave a
54047liearl
54048of mercy
54049and
54050of grace
54051»
54052',
54053pray
54054for
54055the
54056sheep and
54057avert
54058the
54059wrath, and
54060cease
54061not
54062holding up your saintly hands
54063to your Jesus, saying to him from the divine
54064Scriptures,
54065« These
54066sheep wliat
54067have
54068they
54069done?
54070Have
54071pity, Lord,
54072uppn
54073thy people, and give not
54074thine inheritanee
54075to shame
54076» ".
54077Perhaps he will be
54078turned by these prayers and repent, and will leave in his country a blessing,
54079I.
54080Lam.,
54081i,
54082i.
54083;.
54084I\'
54085Reg., vm,
540861
540871. —
540883. sie Syr. —
54089i. Gol.,
54090in.
5409112. — 5.
54092II
54093He?-'.,
54094\.\i\.
5409517:
54096.lud. n.
5409717.
p. 295
54098-,,,
54099XXXV. - TO THE MONKS OF THE KÄST.
54100283
54101•^»^,
54102JLsläO 1o>^-^-o .^K-wJo ^VJaJ
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54146K.-/- ^£00?
541471. Ms. o». —
541482.
54149Ms. om. stop. —3.
54150Ms. °w. —
54151\. Writtcn
54152in erasure.
54153Ms.
54154stop
54155following. —
541565. Ms.
54157»»«. — 6.
54158• added over marg. in cursive liand.
54159a sacrifice and a libation tu the Lord our God.
54160For
54161011 your account
54162I have
54163no weighi
54164of care and no anxiety
54165:
54166for well
54167I know that everythmg
54168is easy
54169to
54170vou, and
54171there
54172is no impediment
54173or
54174difficulty
54175of Walking
54176for your feet,
54177which
54178are adorned
54179in apostolic
54180fashion with
54181bareness,
54182and
54183by their
54184steps
54185are
54186able
54187to
54188bless even the
54189uninhabiied
54190deserts and make them
54191habitable;
54192and that the lack of money in your girdles is
54193a
54194fulness of
54195all
54196abundance, so
54197that
54198it provides a superfluity
54199for others also, and
54200the
54201stall'
54202in your hands
54203is
54204a symbol
54205of the very hxity and firmness of the
54206faith
54207that
54208is in you, so that
54209it Supports
54210Ihose who are
54211shaki n
54212also and
54213Ihey do not
54214fall;
54215but
54216the
54217earth
54218and the heaven and the air' are your purse, and
54219all the elements supply food
54220in diverse forms and Coming of
54221itself, and make
54222it known
54223to everyone
54224that
54225« man liveth not by bread alone, but also by every word that proceedeth out
54226of the mouth of God »
542272
54228:
54229I forbear to say, wliaf
54230is a great thing and very true,
54231that, since you have a spiritual rock going before you (and Paul
54232said
54233that
54234Christ is a rock
542353
54236), that
54237is
54238to you
54239food and
54240drink;
54241for you were persecuted
54242with
54243this same rock when
54244it was persecuted.
54245For
54246in
54247the case of the sons
54248of Israel
54249of
54250old, who
54251saw
54252little,
54253and
54254had
54255their
54256eye
54257blinded
54258by
54259Egyptian
542601.
54261irjp. —
54262-.
54263Mallli..
54264iv.
54265i. —
542663
54267I Cor.,
54268X,
54269i.
p. 296
54270284
54271LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
54272[112
54273oooi
54274^»>^o
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54353* added over marg.
54354in cursive hand.
54355darkness, and could scarcely see ihe writing of tlie law and could
54356not con-
54357tfinplate the depth of hidden mysteries, the
54358apostle justly wrote
54359tliat
54360«
54361that
54362rock followed tliem
54363»
54364'
54365:
54366for
54367it was
54368right
54369that they who were
54370so imperfecl
54371sliould be
54372first
54373excrcised
54374in the law,
54375and afterwards
54376see
54377Christ
54378following
54379them.
54380Wherefore
54381also
54382in waterless
54383countries he gave them water
54384in tan-
54385gible form, assuaging the
54386thirst
54387of the
54388ilesh;
54389and, whenever
54390they
54391desired
54392flesh, he
54393invisibly brought birds
54394like
54395rain from
54396the
54397air 2
54398,
54399and other things
54400like
54401these
54402and
54403resembling them.
54404Bnt
54405before your own perfections, who
54406can contemplate the very glory of the Lord 'with open
54407face',
54408as again Paul
54409said
54410',
54411that
54412rock
54413continually
54414goes
54415in
54416front,
54417giving snprasensnal
54418food
54419and
54420diink, and showing everyone that through Ihe things which you have endured
54421you cry and say,
54422« Who shall separate me from
54423the love of Christ?
54424Tribu-
54425lation,
54426or
54427distress,
54428or
54429persecution,
54430or
54431Inniger
54432or
54433nakedness
54434or
54435(langer
54436or
54437the sword,
54438as
54439il
54440is written, 'For thy sake we die every dayj we
54441liave been
54442reckoned as sheep
54443for slaughter'; but
54444in
54445all these
54446things we
54447are victorious
54448through him who loved us »'.
54449For the results of your victory are not only
544501.
54451I
54452Gor.,
54453\,
544544. —
544552.
54456ar,p. —
54457;i.
54458II Cor.,
54459in,
54460IS. —
544614. Rom.,
54462VIII,
54463:J.">-37.
p. 297
54464li;
54465>-
54466XXXV. — TO THE MONKS OF THE RAST.
54467285
54468)
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545091. Ms. J.
54510in this evil present worlcl, in which you showed invincibility, but
54511all of them
54512are more trulv
54513in the future world.
54514Then
54515all who have been exercised
54516in
54517the
54518life
54519of virginity,
54520and
54521have
54522prevailed
54523over
54524shameful passions
54525and
54526are
54527honoured for white-haired
54528old age
54529of the
54530intellect, and
54531for the
54532holv order,
54533and receive the accompanying honour, shall be gratified with such joy tliat
54534their soul
54535shall be made drnnk with good things, as
54536to which Jeremiah the
54537prophet,
54538depicting
54539them
54540beforehand,
54541spoke
54542tlius
54543:
54544«
54545Then
54546shall
54547virgins
54548rejoice in gatherings of young men and old men shall rejoice
54549: and
54550I will tarn
54551their mourning
54552into joy,
54553and
54554I
54555will make them
54556rejoice
54557: and
54558I
54559will make
54560oreat and make drnnken the
54561soul
54562of the
54563priests the
54564sons
54565of
54566Levi, and my
54567people shall be filled with my good things
54568»
54569'; and these things that
54570l'ail not
54571and are as they are, and are never destroyed.
54572Such as these are the blessed
54573homes and mansions.
54574But,
54575if
54576there
54577is
54578yet an
54579extension and we
54580have not
54581been brought to the end of time, assuredly 'he who scattered Israel he
54582will
54583gather him, and he
54584will keep him
54585as a shepherd who
54586feedeth
54587his
54588flock' and
54589will say,
54590« With weeping went they out, and with consolation will
54591I
54592bring
54593them
54594: and
54595I will make them
54596to dwell by streams of waters
54597in ä right way
54598and they shall not again go astray
54599»
54600'
54601\.
54602Jer., xxxvni,
5460313,
5460414. —
546052.
54606Ibid., 9,
5460710.
p. 298
54608* 67V
54609li
54610286
54611LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
54612114]
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54614JJo .uu^d^
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547101. MS. N&JOV
54711But praythat we also may hold
54712to the
54713right and unerring way, and mir
54714l'oot may
54715not
54716turn
54717aside
54718to the
54719right hand
54720or
54721to
54722the
54723left from the king's
54724highway' which was
54725righlly traversed by those seers and ministers of the
54726*
54727word. For, inasmuch
54728as you exercise yourselves
54729in the law of the Lord by
54730night as well as by day, you know well
54731that,
54732even
54733if a man eontend, he
54734is
54735not crowned
54736unless he contends
54737lawfully.
54738For certain tnen
54739have come
54740in
54741upon
54742us, wishing to put a blemish on
54743the
54744'good eonfession'
54745to which we
54746were called and which we confessed 'before many witnesses'
547472 as the apostle
54748said, that
54749is, before the whole church and 'the elect angels'
547503
54751, nevcr having
54752yielded to
54753remissness.
54754For that 'we
54755are
54756not
54757of remissness which leads
54758to
54759perdition'
54760'' you also well know
54761: for you are the first who testify.
54762For, 'having
54763no
54764sound
54765knowledge
54766of what
54767they
54768say
54769or
54770the
54771things
54772about
54773which
54774tliey
54775strive'
547761
54777', they do
54778uol
54779consent to confess
54780that the
54781true
54782llesh
54783of God and the
54784Word which
54785is from
54786the
54787holy God-bearer and
54788ever-virgin Mary and from
54789the
54790IIolv
54791Spirit, which was hypostatically united
54792to
54793him,
54794so that from the
54795fact that
54796he came
54797to be with us
54798as God who became man he was named
54799Emmanuel, and that he was made like unto us in all things except
54800sin, suffers
548011. Nuin., xx,
5480217. —
548032.
54804I Tim.,
54805vi,
5480612. —
548073.
54808Id.,
54809v, 21. —
54810i. Hebr.,
54811x,
548123'J. —
548135.
548141 Tim.,
54815i.
548167.
p. 299
54817[115]
54818XXXV. — TO THE MONKS OF TMP. EAST.
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549471. Ms.
54948willi stop following. —
549492. Ms. sing.. — 3- Ms. .&».
54950like us and
54951is susceptible
54952of innocent passions, but say that he
54953suffered in
54954semblance, and that the
54955flesh was impassible and immortal
54956at
54957the time
54958of
54959the voluntary and
54960saving Cross;
54961and
54962besides
54963other impossible
54964things
54965the
54966wretched men
54967foolishly speak
54968of
54969false
54970passions,
54971and
54972in
54973false
54974words
54975they
54976name phantasv
54977' incorruptibility, anchdeny the true incorruptibility, and they
54978lail
54979to notice
54980ihe wisdom
54981of the dispensation whereby the impassible God
54982united to himself tbose of our passions which do not fall under the description
54983of
54984sin,
54985wishing
54986in
54987it
54988to
54989taste our death
54990voluntarily, destroy
54991its dominion
54992over us, and bv means of the Resurrection to set us free
54993in
54994incorruptibility,
54995Ihal
54996is
54997in
54998impassibility and
54999immortality, and
55000raise
55001us
55002to our
55003lirst
55004state
55005in
55006which also we were created.
55007If
55008I he Word of God desired to display passions
55009and death
55010in
55011unreal
55012form,
55013the
55014Incarnation
55015is quite
55016superlluous.
55017Ue
55018had
55019the divine impassibility and immortality, and so also he might have suffered
55020as in semblance and shown himself after the fashion of former appearances,
55021as he appeared as a man who wrestled with Jacob and was reeeived
55022in Abra-
55023ham's house, and was represented in many forms through the prophets
55024:
55025for
55026this he himself is seen to have said in Hosea the prophet
55027L>
55028.
55029But this was not
550301.
55031qpavTaota. —
550322.
55033IIus.
55034,
55035XII,
5503610.
5503767 v"
55038f.
p. 300
55039GS r
55040288
55041LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
55042[116
55043jua«; jlaJL^^^o ^i
55044K.^.^0«
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551501-0-3
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55152'<-» °>
551531
55154Ms. ^V-9a*- —
551552. Ms. sing.
55156\\ hat he desired, but that by means of a real deatli he might save the manwho
55157had died through the deceit of the serpent, and make
55158bis own Resurrection
55159the gate and way of return to everlasting
55160life.
55161For this reason Paul
55162cries
55163louder than
55164all trumpets in the ears of men who will not hear
55165:
55166« For, since
55167by man came death, by man also cometh the resurrection of tlie dead.
55168For,
55169as in Adam
55170all died, so also
55171in Christ shall
55172all
55173live
55174»
55175'.
55176But...
55177with...
55178the
55179Scriptures
55180and...
55181these
55182hasty
55183and
55184presumptuous men presumed
55185blasphc-
55186inously
55187to
55188say
55189against
55190the
55191divine
55192Scriptures and
55193against the holy
55194fathers
55195who interpreted tliem in approved fashiou, who at various times fed the hol)'
55196churches.
55197From
55198Lhese
55199things you
55200see
55201clearly how much
55202difference aud
55203distinction
55204tliere
55205is between truth and error even
55206as the heaven
55207is
55208far from
55209the
55210earth, and
55211that
55212out
55213of the
55214thought
55215of their
55216beart they have
55217'devised
55218words
55219of iniquity'
55220and
55221that
55222'truth
55223has
55224perished
55225in
55226their ways,
55227and
55228they
55229could not walk
55230in the
55231right way' and
55232also
55233that 'they have
55234removed
55235their
55236thoughts
55237from
55238understanding
55239'
552402
55241.
55242For
55243well
55244did
55245Isaiah
55246the prophet expose
55247lliem beforehand by
55248tliese words.
552491.
552501
55251Cor.,
55252sv,
5525321,
5525422.
55255-i. K,
55256i.i\.
55257L3-15.
p. 301
55258[117]
55259XXXV. — TO TUE MONKS OF THE KÄST.
55260289
55261• l-JO
55262\
55263l.flkj;
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55316:;. Ms.
55317vj"»?- —
55318''• Ms. P^ov —
55319:,. Ms.
55320oin.
55321slop. —
55322G.
55323» added n\er
55324line
55325in cuisive liand. —
553267. This wuid
55327is
55328nul nthnwisr known.
55329Pray
55330therefore,
55331saintly
55332ones
55333(for
55334indeed
55335I
55336say
55337the same
55338thiag many
55339times)
55340that we may
55341be
55342delivered
55343from
55344evil
55345and
55346unjust
55347men.
55348For
55349tln\
55350liave been unable
55351not only
55352to endure reproof on account
55353<>t'
55354their wicked-
55355ness, but even to give drink to tliem that thirst
55356:
55357for, besides their tliouglits
55358that blaspheme against God, 'their cotmsels' also 'are counsels of murder'.
55359For this very thing
55360Isaiah says with me concerning them.
55361But that these
55362same men may
55363be changed
55364to what
55365is right make the subject
55366of your own
55367prayers.
55368For we on our part look
55369to him who
55370willeth not
55371tlie death of
55372a
55373sinner
55374so much
55375as that
55376he be converted and live".
55377Indeed at
55378first on
55379the
55380entreaty (and to speak the trutli
55381on
55382the compulsion)
55383of him who
55384wrote
55385uu-
55386soundly and rashly lipon this same matter', while
55387far away and in hiding
55388i
55389wrote and admonished him
55390in a brotherly
55391maaner and urged
55392him
55393to
55394have
55395regard to the holy fathers and to the approved doctors and follow lliem, and
55396correct himself.
55397And even upon
55398tliis he attacked my meanness in a ferocious
55399manner, worse than any raging savage beast, and kept bitterly complaining
55400because
55401he
55402did
55403not find me
55404a
55405partner
55406of
55407his
55408error,
55409and
55410over
55411the
55412whole
55413world,
55414as
55415far as he
55416could,
55417he
55418sent out and scattered
55419abroad what
55420he
55421had
55422I.
55423Is., lix.
554247. —
554252.
55426E/.., xxxiii,
5542711. — 3. Julian
55428:
55429=ei? the correspondence
55430in Zach.
55431Uli.,
55432ix,
5543310-13.
5543468 r
55435li
p. 302
55436290
55437LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
55438[118]
55439.0001
55440^..opkoo
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55498l. Ms. w
55499im- w. —
555002.
55501Ms.
55502tio^Vi. _
555033.
55504[nserled above
55505line
55506in small
55507letters. —
55508'1. Ms.
55509with
55510stop
55511following. — 5. Ms.
55512sing.
55513written, which came from
55514his heart 'not from the moutli of the Lord'
555151
55516: and
55517\ve were
55518sei
55519forth as a laughing-stock to
55520tliose who contend for the Chalce-
55521donian impiety; and in Palestine, as
55522I
55523liave learned, and in other provinces
555242
55525tliey were
55526going
55527about,
55528and
55529everywhere
55530opening
55531and
55532extending
55533their
55534capacious
55535moutli
55536and
55537saying
55538:
55539«
55540See!
55541Those who
55542pride
55543tlieniselves
55544011
55545heilig orthodox
555463
55547liave been
55548manifestly scen to he zealous
55549for the semblancc
55550i)l' Eutyches, which
55551is the error
55552of the
55553followers
55554of Mani
55555».
55556Tlien
55557indeed,
55558being pierced by the judgments of God after the manner of goads and heilig...
55559in my soul because
55560I could not endure the slander and the blasphemy agaiusl
55561the glory of
55562ihe Most High and the
55563fact that one man's
55564error should he a
55565stain lipon the whole body
55566of the
55567cliurch,
55568I made
55569the
55570true
55571facts known
55572In
55573everyone,
55574facts
55575which are known
55576and
55577familiär
55578to
55579yon
55580also,
55581saying
55582willi
55583courage
55584as
55585well as
55586faith
55587in
55588accordancc
55589with
55590the
55591truth
55592(for Jesus
55593is
55594vefy
55595God and Saviour),
55596«
55597If it be my lot to die with thee
55598I will not deny thee
55599»
55600',
55601but,
55602«
55603I will go up upon the mountains, and will preach to Jerusalem »
55604'.
55605May
55606I gain
55607his Hxddness of speech
55608c
55609, and may
55610I
55611receive help from bim, through
55612your saintly prayers and
55613entreaties.
556141.
55615.Icr.,
55616XXIII,
556171
55618'j
55619. —
55620'1.
55621irca^/tot;. —
556223.
55623ö^Qöäoäjo;. —
55624'i. Mallh., XXVI, 35. —
55625.">.
55626[s.,XL,
55627'.l. — ü.
55628ratfpricjta.
p. 303
55629M 36 i"
55630b.
55631[119]
55632XXXVI. — TO ISAAC.
556332\)\
55634^rfOr»
55635«
55636.
55637t f>\.
55638+£j-l
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55674. m
55675JK—ioJ.
556761. Ms. <»M»^- —
55677-2. Mi<.
55678?• —
55679:S. M
55680Ija-'-oo-
55681TAe handwriting
55682<>/' the patriarch
55683himself.
55684May the
55685hol v Unity
55686in Trinity
55687(for this
55688is our God) keep vour
55689holines-
55690ses, and
55691all the brotherhood that
55692is with you, illustrious
55693in divine
55694contests,
55695in perfect concord and endurance and praying
55696for our meanness.
55697My
55698spirit
55699greets you.
55700« Greet one another with a holy kiss »'.
55701Grace he with von.
55702Blessed be God for ever, and praised be his name to
55703all generations.
55704XXXVI. — Oi
55705tue
55706iioly Seyeiujs from tue lettek to Isaac
55707tue
55708scholastic,
55709wiiich begins,
55710«
55711I, sinee on account of my sins
55712I have been condemned to
55713live
55714for a long space of time
55715in the royal
55716city
55717».
55718For
55719it
55720is not saying what agrees with the 318 fathers that
55721is prohibited
55722to us, but adding anything to or detracting anything from the eorrectness of the
55723doctrines
557242
55725.
55726If not, thesynod of the 150 also incurs blame, because
55727it widened
55728tlie theologv
557293 relating to the Spirit, and,
55730wlien the confession Iiad been laid
55731down with regard to the only Son who became incarnate for us,
55732it added the
557331.
55734I Cm..
55735\vi.
5573620;
55737II
55738Gor., xin,
5573912. —
55740l'. S6f}iaxa. —
55741i.
55742(Jeoioyt'a.
55743PATB. OR. —
55744T.
55745XII. —
55746F.
557472.
5574821)
55749509-11.
p. 304
55750292
55751LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
55752[120]
55753smoA^oa
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55829>*o»©na*o- —
558302. M
55831l'O.fNti »
558323.M l-'t^l- —
55833'i. M v-*>- —
558345. M u»*»o£>aaJv _
558356.
55836UaaSioÜ/v
55837words 'from the Holy Spirit and from Mary the Virgin', and 'he was crucified
55838in the days bf Pontius
55839Pilate'; for these
55840tliings were not stated by the
55841'-i\H.
55842And
55843(i
55844little farther
55845on
55846in
55847the same
55848letter.
55849But you say that the synod at Chalcedon also placed the
55850faith of the 318
55851before
55852its definition.
55853But in that
55854case the innovation
55855is
55856obvious.
55857First
55858it
55859says in piain words, and that twice and three times, that
55860it
55861is
55862itself making
55863a definition;
55864secondly, because
55865it
55866said
55867that
55868our
55869one
55870Lord
55871Jesus
55872Christ
55873is
55874made known
55875in two natures;
55876thirdly,
55877to omil
55878Ihc
55879other points, because
55880it
55881called Leo's letter, which is füll of the blaspheinies
55882of Nestorius,
55883'a pillar of
55884orthodoxy
55885''.
55886XXXVII.
55887Ol'
55888THE
55889SAME
55890FROM
55891THE
55892LETTER
55893TO
55894ClI.WUSIlS
55895THE
55896MONK,
55897THE
55898beginning
55899of
55900willen
55901is,
55902•
55903II
55904did
55905not
55906escape
55907Oll
55908I
55909-
55910Sllialllll'SS
55911».
55912>i3-8.
55913Who among
55914the
55915orthodox
55916- would
55917agree
55918that
55919the
55920synod
55921a1 Chalcedon
559221. Äp6oSo£ia. Vide Mansi, VII,
55923113. —
559242. öp0ö5o$oi.
p. 305
55925153
55926v° a.
55927[121]
55928XXXVII. - TO CHARISIUS.
55929293
55930^6
55931>
55932,.,,\ ot}o
55933.öt_s ^»pu.|;
55934yQ-ioi
55935lo_^>
55936yOOiJLs/
55937^OlSou^o
55938öiXio;
55939,-^J^ot
55940•:-|--.Aa. s^io Jlopo ooto JKaJ'^/
55941oiöua..co ^.^oi
55942ya.^.
55943:).-oai
55944JL»_.U
55945JK-»;ol v—vJo
55946:^C0;oj-JQ-fl0 v^lKjJU
55947a>;j;
55948:'t-^o)j?
55949t-o-^v
55950>-öt
55951JJo
55952•.öi.-^ts^l
55953)K^£oo.yxi
55954jJo
55955-.JLjcLso
55956J^oj^Sus vOOU>
55957i-.Siä^J^ >n^J
55958,_.;
55959jj
55960)
55961*
55962Y
55963*>
55964^.io
55965vju/
55966JJo
55967-.^.-UL-JL-i,
55968|^cüü;
55969J-^fH
55970^»J
55971y'-- ^/
55972-U^ji;
55973jJUn i\
55974jlo_.,_JS. Joch ^.^a^too .•Ji.aJLi^./ifcoo öi^a J;oi jK-s K-Jv-k-o .•am^jolV/j
55975•,-a^ yoa^
55976yVfflVi
55977s*j/
55978yj
55979.'po/ k-d-^^v
55980JL*a^ji
55981»o
55982.j;oi
55983^-./j )Kx*^
55984• •J-Sl^ yOCH~»Vi '^X yo^j ^.^_«/;
55985. »\om
55986—6t
55987•.v-choK-./
55988jjot
55989..)^jia^A_3
55990should be suppressed in conjunction with
55991all the
55992religious
55993synods,
55994so that
55995from the silence
55996it might be inferred that
55997it too enjoys equal honour? Assur-
55998edly those who turn away their faces from
55999it would raise arguments against
56000those who hold to
56001it, and the one would say,
56002« It
56003is suppressed as impious
56004»,
56005while ihe others would say.
56006«
56007It has met with the same suppression as the
56008other synods
56009», and again there would be contentions and disturbances.
56010And again
56011before
56012these things he saijs.
56013For for us to say that the synod must be suppressed, and forraulate an ortho-
56014dox confession, but not reject the blasphemies with the persons themselves
56015and the words,
56016is
56017neither lawful nor conducive to peace.
56018But, even ifwe be
56019willing to shut our eyes, no one among the eongregations of the orthodox
56020',
56021especially
56022after
56023so much
56024agitation,
56025would agree
56026tu such a spurious union,
56027sinee the apostle plainly says,
56028«
56029If anyone preacheth to you outside whatye
56030have received, let him be analhema
56031»
56032=
56033.
56034What has thrown the churches into
56035confusion down
56036to
56037the present day
56038is
56039this,
56040the
56041fact
56042that those who are in
56043power halt between the two sides, and wish always to please both
56044sides.
560451,
56046öpOooo^oi. —
560472. Gal.,
56048I,
560499.
p. 306
56050XXXVIII
56051S
560521H8 v°
56053b,
56054in!) r
560552!i/,
56056LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
56057[122]
56058JLjujl^cl^
56059wJ^^.^1 va.jöi
56060» »«;
56061•.tSiS.jj
56062jjy \o tr>?
56063yooux^o;
56064'»-^Ns. ^N-*-^*
56065)
56066.« x */;
56067odo »
56068->
56069i
56070y—li
56071^--~\oi
56072^jl«
56073. ^j_^.io
56074,-jlccudI.
56075Jl,:^
56076looi
56077J..»^
56078icoo't^S
56079-.0001
56080yocfl-lx.../
56081j^ij<
56082j't-^Q-i L10! ^°? .LsL^a—
56083o/
56084J^s»/
56085o/ .J-DÖ-ßO;
56086)lxuL-.».io V>\
56087tio/;
56088^.;
56089JKjl>,^o
56090f-3
56091.)ocn
56092^.ojoK-/
56093J_»^L2u./j
56094)»!/
56095^.io;
56096ocx
56097^v^-oo
56098oo\
56099J_»^a/o
56100.'Kl^i
56101oJj-^^j/»
56102vxoajoilx^i
56103ooi
56104v£oa^jx»oiojlo -.^x^»
561051. Ms. k.U-»»-»- —
561062. Written over marg. in smaller
56107liand.
56108XXXVIII.
56109Ol' THE HOLY MAR SeVERUS THE PATRIARCH FROM THE LETTER To
56110Peter
56111and
56112Ammonius
56113'
56114and Olympiodorus,
56115abotjt
56116tue
56117naming
56118of Peter
56119bishop
56120of
56121Alexandria;
56122which
56123is
56124tue
5612510'"
56126of
56127the
561281
56129sI
56130rook
56131of
56132tue
56133letters dritten
56134during
56135TENTJRE
56136OF
56137THE
56138SEE.
56139513-6.
56140For we may learn from the facts theraselves, that we, the few
56141in number
56142and small, by God's help completely checked the synod of Chalcedoa tlial was
56143already acting as absolute shepherd of the churches, we who as
56144in Isaiah's
56145prophecy were
56146left
56147like a bunch
56148al'ter the olives have been gathered, 'two or
56149three on the high ends of the branches, or four or five, who were from this
56150bunch of olives'
561512
56152, Peter who was from the country of the Iberians,
56153but was
56154a
56155citizen
56156of Jerusalem the
56157city
56158above, and Theodosius
561593 who
56160adorned
56161the
56162throne'' of Antinou', and
56163Isaiah'' the very famous, the statue
56164' of philosoptiy
56165and of life
56166in God,
56167like a column and pattern; men who even
56168in
56169this worhl
56170reaped
56171the honour due to their lahours, prophesyings and gifts of healings,
561721.
56173Presb.
56174ol Alexandria, addressed
56175also
56176in
56177S.
56178I..,
56179i\,
56180- un Ihr smie subjerl, irom
56181wliicli
56182I
56183infer the
56184date. —
561852.
56186Is., xvn, 6 (differing
56187widelj
56188from
56189lxx). — 3. Theodore
56190is meant (Zach.
56191Uli.,
56192vi,
561931.
561942;
56195Vit.
56196Monoph.
56197(ed. BrooksV
56198p.
56199:(
56200: P.
562010-,
56202II,
5620378). —
56204'i.
56205Opovo;. —
562065. Misrendering
56207of
56208Tij;
56209'Avrivdou. —
562106. Zach.
56211Rh.,
56212vi. 3; Vit. Monoph.,
56213p. 3-16. — 7. ivSpiivTa.
p. 307
56214[123
56215XXXIX. — TO THE PRESBYTERS AT ALEXANDRIA.
56216295
56217.Jjloi
56218-v^*?
56219)i.oiv»o»;
56220J't-00 /
56221••JJl-j.o
56222)lo-.o/
56223J;oti ^V—°
56224•.^^>cu-.äj
56225JJÖ-^/
56226.JloKJL»*
56227J-Usj
56228oo»
56229|_L-./i -JK-u^/ )^^
56230^-«^Ol ^ t-^^
56231°°°» ^>>t-
56232J
562331^1
56234»i /io
56235vfflO*jaj|l|;o vojqj^^o
56236^30a^v«-ca^;
56237) K.v>
56238;
56239i
56240.
56241.
56242JJLojy_3pa,\o
56243•.rdi-r^m^rdm
56244-
56245cuoa
56246XXXIX
5624722'Jv"
56248b-
56249* 230 V
56250a.
56251-ota_s/}
56252(.-2o,v.-2
56253jj-.~-J
56254Ji—s;
56255oouj/;
56256och
56257y.-/ -.^ou» AoJ^ K^J^joi
56258jjisoi
56259.JK-öi^/
56260JIqa'^o
56261JiVJL^j
56262p-l ö&o
56263j^Qo;
56264Ut-^JJ
56265V-«-^
56266k~~a*/
56267.KJi.^.
56268I
56269Ms.
56270«i . '\vi . _
562712. Erased. —
562723. Ms. &aj>U».
56273and were illustrious in other spiritual excellencies, whose
56274spirits
56275also,
56276I am
56277convinced, are offering prayersonour
56278behalt', and are
56279close by
56280ns
56281in
56282these
56283present struggles, and rejoice
56284in
56285this union and
56286peace, and bond
56287of
56288faith,
56289which has now begun.
56290For besides the other good things they know what
56291is
56292Ihe time of strietness, and what that of lawful concession, and they used
56293to learn the dispensations of the
56294Spirit, and followed the wise dispensations
56295of Basil and Gregory and Athanasius and other God-clad fathers
56296: whom let
56297us
56298also
56299follow, though
56300\ve are small raen, whose judgment
56301is
56302a suhject
56303of
56304prayer.
56305XXXIX. — Of tue iiolv Severus from the letter that was written
56306TO
56307THE
56308PRESBYTERS
56309AT ALEXANDRIA.
56310When
56311I took in my hands the letter that has now been addressed to me by
56312516-8
56313your holinesses,
56314I began to read it with such pleasure as if a son were seeing
56315Ins father's face after the lapse of a long time.
56316But after reading it
56317I knew you
56318better from the Contents; for
563191 found the letter to be in reality wholly occupied
56320with fatherly reproofs; for it is often a habit of fathers also to apply unfounded
p. 308
56321296
56322LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
56323[124]
56324^i»
56325^_»oi-iKi7
56326jj;
56327y.-.Aoi
56328jlojt^^o;
56329-.yj-fc^ö ^.jL»;
56330JöusJJo
56331V-»-^
56332001
56333J»-»-^
56334:yOOÜS.
56335»»)'»;
56336^-»?
56337l^°
56338-\?->l
56339yp^^J
56340yQ^iO
56341Ji^-No
56342ki^l
56343-.yoK-O
56344)
56345«
56346'«S
56347^3
56348^-i-ot
56349•. r-*VJi
56350)lo-* y.-^oo
56351j—ot-a
56352.n°>>o
56353y-^-^>- jL^v^
56354-
56355AoA
56356K-)^CL*au*;
56357^Abotoo
56358).xib'i
56359^_soo
56360:|^ulo Joa~ K^a«^
56361j-^^x
56362K.ba->^
56363^.-.2L^.--.jLio
56364• ,yOOJ\
56365JL^Q-^fiD jla^^S
56366W,^
563670D ? ^
56368)AQJL*3;po ^*3jp0
56369'.^-.joi
56370Jlo,.~ wiOO
56371J—oV-=>
56372v£L2Lia\
56373K-joi-i/
56374axiaji v-,^>o .^.jjjLio )K-.J^.i y^\
56375J_Jl3;
56376Jla3j\o
56377JloK^K^^» Jj'^oj» -JKraioi
56378l
56379*^-»» y-A°
56380•) >-»>i
56381J->-?
56382Q.J050 -.yOlN »;
56383)v-^?
56384V
56385J »-•—U
56386J~.Vo.ro... JJ JloJ^K^ ^0 V^\;
56387-JKJi.^K.ü
56388V-*-^ v°^V^°/
56389.OJL-__s
56390JJ?
56391;öt._»/
56392yau^o_.MjJo
56393-.oJS^.3
56394yooda^v
56395j-*»t—->
56396t-3
56397yjoo > ffl ^N^.3;
56398^^s-^oo
56399Jov-äao
56400>.jL.) t,*«Ti3s>;
56401j^lo^o Jb^.
56402\±t>\
56403olotvi-lioio
56404-,ou» ^-/
56405'H
56406-)•,
56407-
56408«•>
56409--
56410_J^Oo/
56411.-j-J^_<o
56412J—Vo m »)J
56413Jjo« u^,
56414j_io/
56415jlaAV-o
56416J,l»/o
56417. '-otO*
56418JJ
56419nn. ft>'oj;
56420. 'yOodojO^I
56421OJ..O
56422)LbOoi
56423loJ-s
56424J!^__v_.!So
56425^.S;
56426> jj^too
56427y__<> ><wm /y.~X
56428. o>\.
56429Jl>V-~>/
56430yQ-JÖ!
56431^0.-^>
56432-JoOiJ
56433)loK>J^.tO
56434.'sfl
56435(T>l
56436yOOtla^s
56437^-...»...Oi
56438J- :-=M
56439JJ w<
56440t-3
564411. Ms. ifioaioin^a,. _
564422. Ms. H»v —
564433. The adverb
56444is unknown to
56445llie lexicons. —
56446'1. Ms. occ^-.
56447roproofs
56448tu
56449sons
56450in
56451order
56452to make tliem more
56453'
56454industrious and
56455vigilant;
56456but, when
56457they
56458see them making
56459a
56460wise defence
56461to
56462the
56463accusation and
56464dissipating the reproofs,
56465tlien they exchange the desire of fault-finding for
56466the desire of natural affection, and are fdled with tears and exult from joy, and
56467submit to a defcat that they have made an object of much prayer, and proclaim
56468the
56469sons' victory as their own.
56470Aceordinglv listen like fathers to vour sons
56471defence, and judge upright judgment, and test the matter carefully as in the
56472seales of a balance.
56473You say in the letter that we departed from the
56474strict
56475rule in making union with the Isaurians, because Philoxenus, when he wrote
56476to them in the course of the controversy, testified that there is nothing wan-
56477ting in the
56478edict", and said
56479that he was in communioii with the prelate
56480of
56481Alexandria', and did not omit the names of the heretics.
56482Teil nie what blame
56483this casts upon the Isaurians, since they are shown to have summoned Phi-
56484loxenus by letter to the high Standard of their profession, and, when he would
56485not at that time
56486rise
56487to their height and ränge himself 011 the
56488side of strict-
56489ness, together with the others to have left those who were in cominunion with
564901.
56491(iäX)ov. —
564922.
56493-^oi/.tov,
56494i.
564950.
56496the
56497Ilcnulikon. and
56498so
56499wlierever
56500'edk-l' occurs
56501in
56502the
56503li'anslaliun. —
565043.
56505CT. S.
56506L., p. 20.
p. 309
56507[125]
56508XXXIX. — TO TUE PRESBYTERS AT ALEXANDRIA.
56509207
56510•)
56511n >*i n ^. i)-n o-.K-
56512Vl^oi
56513oot
56514J.jl.0^3^,
56515ooot ^.sIoKjl^o* ^_^cx
56516on^t
56517).io^ ••o-»;o/
56518JLV^jläjjSs;
56519J-J'^t^o la^ jlaslojt yooi^
56520J~.o6t K-.J_^j^./
56521jls/jo
56522•
56523•
56524Vs_po J^-^f-io
56525,-ioo
56526.'J-MOj-a »niv ^2«^
56527a_co_3o;l.VJJ K-Jjo^ K-J^o^ä»
56528^Ao«_=)
56529a*ioöi/j
56530061
56531^.-/
56532^-oot
56533Jjl3lL./
56534.oux.io ^ v^-*»-3 ? v^®1 J^ *
565352
56536-01 V*^ \/ -%-^ ^-)i-«J ^^J
56537sö/j
56538^-*jöi .-yoou^
56539yot^j/ ^-A^
56540Julsj
56541..001
56542jL»^,^.
56543JL^iOJLiO;
56544«öC^
56545'-01-.JOVJ3JO
56546: >joo
56547I ffl
56548l
56549!\
56550. °>N
56551vOJsl^aj;
56552[loAi] ^
56553a£.2u'~ jlojL^io Kjupcus; ^o^^J
56554yaaJLio ^JüjJ
56555vs/;
56556[o]oi
56557yS^ö p .-oto o^v~ ?
56558Lslaio [*]*»
56559°oi ^"/
56560J.«^?
56561>^^i0
56562-'jL^Ot-«
56563|
56564JL ]-»5oV
56565VaJKA)
56566Jj>j.aj
56567jlojLsfcö^o |^uö»]o
56568JJJäü jm^Vki
56569iaaaj; 01A
56570[joot]
56571^Ao»^; -6t
56572jJ/ -.«xA-./ «\^ K~J. ^ieu^aj K_jJ^iavio
56573jJ K-Uj;—/ 0/
56574Jfcoiiö
56575^.1
56576«öi^o
56577.JjjJ
56578[jJLaja^»
56579-öu> ai>o
56580.vÄ-QJ
565814 oK..sl/
56582[v*J«J
56583^-bo»
565841.
56585Ms. with point following (perh.
56586later Insertion). —
565872. Ms. «JP^- —
565883. Over this
56589is wind appears
56590to be an estrangelo
56591» inverted, or a mark of citation. —
565924. Ms.
56593aak.3l.i-
565943n
565951
56596\i
56597Flavian who previously held the
56598see
56599of Antioch, and united
56600with
56601us only,
56602and exposed in writing the imperfection of the edict, and professed that they
56603would not otherwise enter into communion with the chief of the Alexandrines
56604until he first madte a defence to the orthodox'
56605in common and removed from
56606the
56607midst the
56608scandals which
56609separate us
56610from
56611him.
56612How
56613then do you
56614find
56615fault with them as
56616if they had neglected these things, things which they
56617were in fact careful to put
56618in writing?
56619If to write to Philoxenus and summon
56620him to the perfect Standard
56621is a cause of hlame
56622in them,
56623it
56624is time
56625for us to
56626hlame some of you also who in the royal city urged us to go
56627[to] Philoxenus
56628and examine him, and
56629to bring serious accusations
56630against the
56631[holy]
56632Cyril
56633because he wrote
56634to Acacius the prelate of Berrhoea, when he advised him
56635to disavowthe
5663612 chapters- and the other works against Nestorius.
56637But it
56638is not receiving a letter from men who are involved in heresies, or otherwise
56639not of a perfect mind, which subjeets us to blame, but adhering to the things
56640written
56641by
56642[them], and
56643not Walking
56644in
56645a
56646contrary
56647direction.
56648I am much
566491.
56650öp06?o<;oi. —
56651~.
56652xscpä).aia.
p. 310
56653298
56654LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
56655[126J
56656JujJ^» ^.X^ao/;
56657[jLj^allo ^J^o^» -.ou^ ^ /
56658jio.tia-.oi;
56659[)iw.i ]l )K_»ol
56660^K^oot
56661Ua-.'/
56662|.J»|iJL3
56663JJo Jioi ^Jp°/
56664llAJÄAiaa
56665.• ya^x'i^ \OJÖi>
56666Lsia^o
56667K.../
56668YjJU—jl)
56669j[K-j]ol
56670JJo
56671)ij
56672>
56673->»
566747~- /?
56675°°i-J /
56676.-)l[*].Naotv>
56677JJ
56678«oioJfcs»./
56679[K-.]/
56680[J_* ]XsojLio
56681JJ;
56682V-^x
56683©Ol -vÄ^iö JJ^[*.*]io ^so
56684JJ ü ii\
56685^*;
56686JJo .ou^
56687|^.Ö|
56688Vy )a.oUt
56689J-L3--/
56690.J-^OGJLiO
56691OOI
56692[y-./
56693JOy. jiO
56694JKjLiÖ vTDOV^O ^O
56695OlS.
56696• .oC^v
56697N-|-/
56698J^>cl.^m ;
56699-61
56700)!^.JLiä_s
56701JJ
56702«s/»l
56703^_»;
56704oöi
56705. ) Lo_^oa.i.:*L^
56706\\
56707. eo ..;
56708[^•1
56709JLlVIaL./
56710.-oioK^.^; oöu\
56711'ooi
56712jo-Jio
56713...ts~.)t.*ict^ JJ/
56714J-^oajLio
56715JJ o\
56716^-.lifco
56717J-.»|a|jo_./
56718JjLa^aj/
56719Jo/
56720JoCSs.
56721[ J^CS.]—?[?]
56722JL»;oiaiw;
56723oöiS. p \oKj/
56724ya^ja.-^./; .-yolvio/o
56725>voKx^ looi )i~oo/ )J.ax3,x^a^
56726j ^s^pf;]
56727w.ot..3 .-yoto/
56728s£oo_^.-2o_^L.2>; va.jci
56729li.'JL^l
56730[o]/
56731.oi~^
56732JK._,/
56733)la.i-^a-.oi;
56734)1>->U
56735[ )K.]-jol
56736./•./
56737\ooi~^
56738vJl.Si
56739j^JSo..^;
56740J—«o*^
56741»aa.ioi
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56750» jl~q—.
56751|.j>/
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56753ooi
56754^.io
56755.
56756.'
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56760V*'
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56762•OJP° V*^-a-,t-«/!
56763JfcsJiJLau.
56764JJ^Ö;
56765^.OULio[»j
56766I. Ms. um. —
567672.
56768I cannot
56769reslore otherwise; but Iho form
56770is elsewhere
56771«^l-l.. —
56772::.
56773Ms.
56774ooi-
56775aslonished at
56776tliat part of your
56777[letter
56778in
56779wliicli
56780after] saying that
56781the
56782cdict
56783is imperfect you write lower down,
56784« We, [when] in thechapters
56785' which wc
56786presented to tlie prelate of the men of Jerusalem we said that the edict contains
56787a
56788[right]
56789profession
56790of
56791faitli,
56792said
56793so
56794as
56795a concession,
56796not
56797as the
56798truth
56799».
56800Ilow then
56801is
56802it imperfect,
56803if in truth
56804it does not contain
56805a
56806right profession,
56807and does not rcmove the scandals from the midst?
56808That which
56809is imperfect
56810contains
56811at any rate some part [agreeing with] that which
56812is perfect, so
56813lhat
56814[that] which
56815is wanling
56816for
56817perfection may be
56818restored
56819:
56820but
56821that
56822[which]
56823contains nothing sound
56824[even]
56825in part
56826is not imperfect
56827but entirely
56828[false
56829'
56830and
56831is the same as that which does not exist.
56832[But] howis
56833it that you, when
56834writing to
56835fatlier Stephen the Isaurian
56836of religious memory, imitated
56837wliat
56838was [formerly]
56839said
56840as
56841a concession, and
56842said,
56843« The edict contains a
56844right
56845profession of
56846faith
56847»?
56848Or liow
56849is
56850it
56851that the God-loving fathers
56852in Egypl
56853reject the written testament
56854:
56855' of defence which remained
56856with them
56857as they
56858sav from fatlier .lohn the archimandrite and bisliop who
56859is among the saints,
56860[which]
56861is composed
56862of the actual bare words
56863of the edict?
56864Or
56865radier'',
56866to
568671.
56868xE(pä).aia. —
568692. Tlii-
56870i-
56871Ihe sense
56872required. —
56873'<.
56874Slpc'i^xtj. —
56875'1.
56876|iäX),ov.
p. 311
56877[127]
56878\X\I\.
56879TO THE PRESBYTERS AT ALEXANDRIA.
56880'>'.)0
56881y^.i
56882^in)Ui
56883^.ch
56884-.jb^io ua^jaioi
56885J*l»/;
56886P°l-<
56887JU /
56888i im
56889JK^poo
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56893.
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56970^.o«\- K../ ^.»-oi ^\c*\
56971JJ/ [.Jjj ^«V^oj ^«Jl^;
56972JL.»j
56973.'t-a^'»
569741. Ms. oaGätlv
56975che the very words themselves,
56976let someone proeeed to
56977say what heresy
56978it
56979introduces "when
56980it
56981is
56982said,
56983« For we
56984say
56985that both
56986the miracles and the
56987passions, which he underwent voluntarily
56988in the
56989flesh, belong
56990to one only
56991Son of God », and again,
56992« Because the trae and sinless Incarnation from the
56993God-bearer did not bring about an addition
56994ol' a Lord
56995; for the Trinity remained
56996a
56997Trinity
56998even when
56999one
57000of
57001the
57002Trinity, God
57003the Word,
57004became
57005incar-
57006nate
57007»'.
57008Bat perhaps you
57009will say
57010that
57011the words
57012are
57013rightly
57014expressed
57015and
57016free
57017from blame, but
57018are
57019not
57020sufficient
57021to demolish
57022the
57023scandals;
57024for,
57025inasmuch as they are ambiguously expressed, even those also who
57026call
57027the
57028one Christ two natures profess them, since [they confess] the form
570292 which they
57030call the Son who became
57031incarnate
57032to
57033be one and the same in identity of
57034hononr,
57035in identity of name in that he is of the same [essence], inauthority, as
57036weourselves elsewhere stated,when convicting the edict of ambiguity; but we
57037ought not to open a door to impiety by ambiguity in what we write, according
57038to
57039the
57040words of Gregory
57041the Theologian,
57042« For
57043this
57044is
57045a common sandal
57046which is put onboth feet;thisis an image which looksat everyone who passes;
57047a sifting which [sifts out] everything
57048»
570493
57050.
57051But this argument is then [sound]
57052'
57053l
57054Gvagr.,
57055in.
5705614. —
570572. ayf^a. —
57058:f.
57059I cannol
57060lind
57061Ihe
57062source of Lhis
57063citation. —
570644. This
57065is Lhe sense
57066required.
p. 312
57067rTERS OF SEVKR1
57068-
57069L
57070. ,*c\
57071i
57072a ^
57073*»
57074-
57075i>
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57196:|lf> n»,
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57198,-33
57199U-^3
57200,_/•'!.
57201-
57202-
57203.
57204wheu
57205the ambignity
57206i> introdneed
57207und tho] trnth eondemned,
57208iü then expeUed and banished,
57209like that whioh
57210was done bj th
57211sj
57212i whioh
57213the
57214holv [Äthan
57215-
57216-
57217termed
57218"an
57219assembl
57220taiaphas'",
57221[vrhen
57222it
57223inti
57224-
57225dnced]
57226tho
57227xpi
57228ssion
57229"like" and removed
57230that of
57231eo-essentialitj
57232rder
57233(hat
57234Ine
57235\
57236ins
57237_
57238rstand
57239the word
57240%
57241semhling
57242ho orth
57243:
57244.
57245\
57246'.
57247' whioh
57248is
57249s
57250«ssenee'
57251' and 'thal whioh does aol
57252Bnt,
57253if,
57254vrhen
57255it pronouneed thal
57256[the S
57257-
57258the
57259Father.
57260it had
57261added,
57262'that
57263is
57264identieal
57265—
57266with
57267the
57268Father*,
57269it
57270wonld r
57271.
57272Idition have limited the
57273\
57274—
57275of likeness whioh
57276i> [com-
57277mon] to both and eradieated the erro»
57278s
57279g from the ambigoity.
57280So also
57281a man who
57282pts
572831
57284right
57285ssion ol the ediet,
57286it"
57287it
57288i> enongh for him,
57289and
57290he
57291de
57292-
57293idd tho
57294s
57295-
57296whioh remove the
57297I
57298-
57299apens
57300a
57301r to impiety throngh th
57302$
57303••.
57304\\
57305rds» and falb nnder
57306n that he
57307i< doing detriment to the trath.
57308Bnt,
57309if beides the
57310ediel he both
57311fesses
57312natnre ofGod the
57313\\
57314ithematu
57315s
57316speak
57317I two natnres
57318after the
57319onion,
57320-
57321I
57322properlies
57323of
57324these, and
57325all
57326the
57327impiety
57328that
57329\
57330ulim>j>K> in
57331-
57332lullho
57333-
57334-
57335.
57336.
57337--
57338-
57339--..'.
57340-•
57341-
p. 313
57342i'j'i
57343XXXIX.
57344TO THE PRESBYTERS AI
57345\I.K\.\\l)lil.\.
5734630J
57347.•^^..£0.^0
57348Jlo-^.-io
57349> v>;
57350061
57351^coojo t
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57354-.»jKa./
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57356oöi
57357J^oo_ia.j^. ool """" -v*-3
57358*"*" '\v f'^!
57359°*
57360jJ-3Q-CQ-^ Ji-oK—K-~ *
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57364.'1-1301 olSo;
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57375.
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57378-.mn
57379. V
57380ft.
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57408SO
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57435.tN_.^v
57436;
57437|.._oi
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57439»_<
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57443.
57444\
57445. m _«o
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57459j-a.coa.io?
57460ö»_».
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57462^.iö y/
57463..J—_cdo)_2
57464j^öij
57465—öi .pö/
57466-_>^;
57467vr>i\ .» —öm
57468i- Ms. *»»;—'•
57469confirmed
57470a1
57471Chalcedon,
57472he
57473has removed
57474the danger
57475'
57476thal
57477is expected Crom
57478tlic ambiguity, and
57479lias bound
57480the understanding
57481of both
57482parties under
57483the
57484yoke of exactitude, and
57485has
57486also followed
57487the law of Gregory the Theologian
57488wlii.
57489In
57490the
574913
57492rd
57493letter
57494to Cledonius
57495v**rote
57496thus
57497:
57498«
57499Since
57500therefore
57501the same
57502expressions when
57503rightly understood are consistent with
57504religion,
57505but when
57506badly interpreted contain
57507foul
57508impiety, what wonder
57509is
57510it Lfwe apcepted
57511the
57512whi'iIs of Vitalis also in a more religious
57513sense,
57514for
5751530 our objecl arges,
57516w hile
57517others are
57518furious againsl
57519the sense of the things written?
57520»
57521l
57522Lct us there-
57523fore
57524acquiesce
57525in
57526the
57527Spiritual
57528distinctions
57529of Gregory
57530the Theologian,
57531and
57532slnin ambiguity only when it Stands alone, and
57533In
57534the double meaning
57535inflicts
57536injury on
57537the
57538truth;
57539but,
57540when
57541ii
57542is made
57543subservienl
57544to accuracj
57545by the
57546addition
57547of more
57548perfecl
57549Statements,
57550le1
57551us
57552accepl
57553it.
57554This
57555same
57556teaching
57557is
57558given
57559bj
57560Basil
57561also who
57562has
57563the same
57564spiril
57565as Gregory
57566in
57567the
57568epistle
57569wliicli
57570he w ioh-
57571to Maximus
57572the
57573philosopher,
57574the
57575words
57576being
57577as follows
57578:
57579a
57580Hui
57581Cor my part
57582I musl
57583call whal
57584is yours mine
57585:
57586.
57587As
57588to
57589the term 'Iike
57590in
57591essenfH;',
57592il'
57593it
57594lias added
57595'withoul
57596Variation',
57597I
57598accept
57599the
57600expression,
57601as
57602I.
57603xiv3uvo(. —
57604-1.
57605Ep.
57606103
57607/'.
57608'<.. XXXVII,
57609199
57610. —
576113.
57612Bas
57613I
57614,/yr,
57615-.:.}.-,,
57616iSiov
p. 314
57617.'502
57618LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
57619L30
57620la*a*9
57621^.o(\
57622cx\
57623+3 0^1
57624L*o f\
57625-.jLo
57626Ij.-^ U\ ^ ^n>»
57627• .J.ai-vw-a*
57628J]*t
57629231 ra.
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57714^--^01
57715v3lcooU7j
57716«01
577171.
57718Ms.
57719&">»Uf.
57720Coming to
57721tlie same thing as co-essentiality, that
57722is, according to the sound
57723meaning
57724of
57725the
57726expression
57727'co-essentiality',
57728which
57729tliose
57730at
57731Nicaea
57732also
57733understood, when they called the Only one 'Light of Light', 'true God nf true
57734God', and
57735similar things,
57736and consequently
57737introduced the
57738expression
57739'co-
57740essentiality'.
57741But
57742it
57743is
57744never
57745possible
57746for
57747us
57748to imagine
57749any
57750difference
57751between light and
57752light,
57753or between truth and truth, or between the essence
57754of the Only one and that of the Father.
5775511' anyone therefore takes
57756it as
57757I have
57758said,
57759I
57760accept the
57761expression.
57762But,
57763if anyone
57764severs
57765'without
57766Variation'
57767from
57768'like',
57769as tliose at Gonstantinople
57770'
57771did,
577721 am suspicious
57773of the phrase,
57774as diminishing the
57775glory
57776of the Only
57777one. For even
57778in the case
57779of things
57780that
57781resemble
57782in
57783a
57784few
57785points
57786also,
57787and
57788are very
57789much
57790inferior
57791to the
57792Originals,
57793\ve
57794are
57795accustomed
57796often
57797to
57798use
57799the
57800expression
57801'like'
57802»
57803~.
57804In
57805accordance therefore with these enactments of the fathers, sinee a mention
57806of the
57807edict was
57808once
57809inserted
57810in the
57811defencc
57812of the
57813Isaurians,
57814we
57815have
57816accepted it, because the whole evil-doing lhal
57817is contrived by the ambiguity
57818was removed by the very
57819fact that the things that are lacking were added,
578201.
57821In 360
57822:
57823see
57824p.
57825128,
57826a.
578271. — 2. Ep. 9,3
57828(/>. G., XXXII,
57829269).
p. 315
57830[131]
57831XXXIX. — TO TUE PRESBYTERS AT ALEXANDRIA.
57832303
57833oiSlIä) J^^ajLio
57834J.-o,_3
57835'vnaiOL^;;
57836vOJÖ« .-Jl^J-s K^cüao
57837«2S.
57838^öot Jjo^J-^j
57839>
57840JL.,..../;
57841J_io y^\
57842\ > m\
57843Jl-j/;
57844y**\
57845\-*-^ oA
57846-°°°t ^*»t-*-*ö v°-^-°-^/
57847^./
57848^.j
57849]io .^.x-j.^|K>c
57850Jljj
57851Jjlooi
57852^.-/;
57853Jliö
57854lab, .^a^^l;
57855Jj»oiai^>
57856^„.c*Ai. "^^oo;
57857«6t ^£^»0
57858jJ/
57859.^oa_a_i yOi^.;
57860JJoa-aAj;
57861yi,»N^>;
57862oöt
57863vÄja^aS
57864J^a*A-.j
57865y-*\
57866l*,i.iH.\o JlaJbaJ^o
57867.J.ia^.\
57868^jl«
57869^oot v^J*-
57870I^.J-.aA
57871Jj'^J ^-^ol ?
57872»ö»J
57873•.^-J^*»,*.ap "^»A-io
57874jll^S;
57875JjOi>
57876K^-J.0
57877:Viö/
57878.
57879.
57880»o»i
57881,-^.J
57882*V-oJ
57883v»©t-^3 ^oo JLJb.^
57884^-ioo .Viotu jaJSo laA
57885)
57886)
57887n
57888i qi \ ^
57889-M7.
57890\jh2><L^^>
57891'.äiS.
57892K-./
57893i-^a-Jt;
57894v*oi;
57895JIqjujoOo
57896laJb.
57897...,»' ..ftoo
57898JjLicu^JLio JjU^jo Jju»a-^ oo-wJ
57899JJo
57900.JJl_*^d Jlou»/j Jou^
57901^_io K^^°>
57902i
57903.»QJtJ
57904J>; K*_s ^io ^oC^o^^Kj |i.ais^s.io JK„>
57905Jjo .jt^-coaiQJ Jlok-A—
57906;
57907Jv-^JL-io U-^-o ^-^o
57908»
57909Jjt«»t-o
57910,.3
57911Jioio -.^ K*\ K4. V
57912. ft^o
57913JLao» 3/
579141
57915Ms. ^a-»^,.
57916and
57917a
57918clear defence
57919was made to us
57920that
57921cxposed the
57922imperfection
57923of tlio
57924edict.
57925These things
57926I was desirous
57927to
57928write, not out of self-seeking ',
57929bul
57930because
57931I
57932liave
57933inserted
57934in
57935the
57936letter
57937a portion
57938of what
57939has
57940often
57941been
57942addressed
57943by me
57944in
57945laborious
57946arguments
57947to
57948niany who
57949maintained
57950that
57951the edict
57952sufficed
57953for
57954a defence.
57955Itns
57956not as one might
57957think
57958because we
57959cling to the memory of the
57960edict that we
57961are compelled to employ words
57962of this
57963kind,
57964nor because we wish
57965to
57966oppose
57967you
57968; but,
57969since
57970by
57971reason
57972of
57973our
57974sins
57975'we
57976have
57977been
57978made
57979a
57980spectacle
57981to
57982the
57983world,
57984and
57985to
57986angels
57987and
57988to
57989inen',
57990as the
57991wise Paul
57992says
579932
57994,
57995and we
57996are
57997henceforth
57998set
57999under the eyes of everyone, we must speak the words of truth to everyone
58000alike,
58001and guard ourselves beforehand
58002against
58003causes
58004of blame
58005even from
58006all quarters, and use the examples and
58007God-inspired
58008teachings of
58009the
58010holy
58011fathers
58012to
58013guide
58014us
58015in
58016wliat
58017is
58018right,
58019and
58020not
58021love
58022laughter
58023and show
58024ourselves
58025betrayers
58026of
58027lawful
58028accuracy,
58029nor
58030yet
58031incur blame
58032for
58033lack
58034of
58035learning and spring beyond the bounds of the
58036wrestling-space, but wisely
58037consider the saying of Koheleth,
58038« There
58039is a righteous man who perisheth
58040in
58041bis righteousness
58042»
580433
58044.
58045Even now we are
58046ready,
58047and
58048that since the holy
580491. Representing
58050ipiXotiiiia. — -
58051I Cor..
58052IV,
580539. —
580543.
58055Eccl., vn,
5805615.
58057!31
58058r° b
p. 316
58059304
58060LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
58061[132]
58062Liu^-J
58063JK-Oo;;
58064oou/
58065;o_—^v_3 .J^OOJ vjooa^So^/
58066la_^.i -.^ oKp
58067.. ^.
58068^<X^i
58069-,-äLi.
58070Jjü/
58071^-*>
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58073[U]a-/ \^ ^V**»! s~^°£* J^aLAo J-^a»
58074voot-j-io
580751 j-Sft.>J./
58076^Ot^
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58080.-|^»a_floJ_s;
58081|_£Q_3o;JlV/
58082yQJÖi
58083twMf^oU/;
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58085^-.;
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58088.a ../t 'rt> / JM mo v>
58089t
58090) m
58091*>oil;/
58092^_^ot
58093.-QjLiäA.
58094oiloi »jm>n\i
58095vQJoi tsanm;°i|
58096jot^JJ
58097w»^cu»V;
58098[\oouioo]
58099.^.äi "^fl0 ? )^^° .Jlaau^.^o Kju^iCLS
58100yi.o-f-.j.-aA
58101oooi
58102^_N._..M
58103vs/;
58104[^Ü^OO pj
58105-. x^.»
58106)ÖU)Ji vQj\ „-L^
58107v3/; ^joi .J-uloö-
58108)V-=lä> „_^iöo
58109\o»j
58110j);
58111[-po|]i./j ^*Aoi ^x> V-^-^ yoK-j/
58112y.1 ,. ->» '..too
58113jjlaio;
58114«6«
58115)k.-^-.
58116i>
58117°>
58118).|^iö
58119^]-»
581204vaX_io
58121jLsoua^; ^j
58122-6i
58123)K^ );« o£sJ;
58124^lo/
58125K-oöt J-^^»
58126[.-yaaljn
58127. m
58128.» %m . °> ^U;
58129Jj/
58130Jlij
58131—
58132^--»
58133jjoi
58134.^^-aloj
581351.
58136Mg. oJ-^U-
581372. Ms.
58138to>ajoii-*ß. —
581393. Ms.
58140ooiO' —
581414.
58142Ms.
58143with
58144stop following.
58145John
58146the
58147presbyter
58148and
58149archimandrite
58150wrote
58151to
58152us,
58153to
58154proceed
58155to
58156Egypt, only provided that he
58157will choose
58158für us
58159a quiet spot suited for our
58160purpose, so
58161that we may not be annoyed by turbulent men, nor yet suffer
58162iiijury from our opponents.
58163For tlirough your saintly prayers those orthodi >x
58164'
58165in Isauria, forrning a determination worthy of their previous
58166life, and being
58167tlic
58168first
58169to
58170incur
58171danger
581722 on
58173behau'
58174of the common hope,
58175have lawfully
58176instituted an orthodox archbishop
58177:!
58178: and now both the man himself who has
58179been
58180instituted [and some
58181of] the
58182God-loving
58183bishops
58184who performed
58185liis
58186institution, men who were indeed known to our meanness in the royal city,
58187have written
58188us
58189letters
58190that
58191are very excellent and füll of propitious hopes,
58192which we
58193will
58194also
58195read
58196to you
58197our
58198fathers, [when] we
58199deliberate
58200[lipon]
58201what
58202is
58203ben'eficial. For you
58204[will
58205see]
58206'' from what
58207has
58208been
58209[said]
58210that We
58211should
58212not
58213[reject]"
58214so mueh
58215good,
58216and accept
58217the
58218contrary,
58219or
58220rather
582211 '
58222simple
58223[words].
58224And
58225this
58226I
58227[Iieartily]
58228''
58229wish
58230[your]
58231sanctities
58232to
58233believe,
58234that
582351 would have chosen to
58236l>e
58237burned
58238with
58239fire,
58240[in
58241order] that what
58242is
582431. öp965o?o?. — 2. The word xivSuvcüaai
58244is here preserved. —
582453. As Solon was appointed
58246before Scv.
58247became
58248bp.
58249(S.
58250L.,
58251i,
582522),
58253this nmst be his successor, probably Stephen (id.,
58254p.
58255160), who, as no
58256bp.
58257of
58258Seleucia
58259occurs among the
58260exiles
58261(Mich., p.
58262266), may have conformed
58263on Justin's
58264accession.
58265Solon
58266sein.-
58267to have
58268been
58269alive
58270in 516 (S.
58271L.,
58272i,
5827322). —
582744. This
58275is
58276the sense required. —
582775. näXXov.
p. 317
58278[133]
58279XL. - TO TUE MONASTERY OF BASSUS.
58280305
582811^1 J^J_k-9 -,^1—V oiA
58282[*a] <ä^;
58283Jk_ao/
58284-Jt-a-»
582851<*^|I
58286[\{] ^?
58287«ULm
58288iO
58289XL
58290•b.
58291n.
58292^*Äj/
58293JJo -.Um»
58294>» * .V
58295JJo
58296\*'i%n
58297jJo .JloN-K— ^.ikj;
58298^ju^A*.
58299:^_*ooi
58300.^.ouoKliLio;
58301^.x-.y-A^m.^o
58302'jjo^^u^;
583033 sfloojouojco.^
58304osloKji/j
58305-)-i'f— /
58306JJ^^cd
58307jloVl/;
58308-61
58309:)Kjl^^d
58310Jlp.» JK^Aoa
58311Jlo_,_~o
58312)ln°> , m
58313iab>
58314,_»;
58315vj
58316.J-0-.X3
58317jj
58318,-^.jl
58319,_2>o
58320JjjfcO
583210/ vAJ
58322JJL3°' y**U y°y^° y.
58323••'Q--J
58324)
58325"> » ^ J^°
58326.^x^jl^l .^eyiobo^o
58327•^i„.>\' n
58328J-iUq-
58329JJ»
58330Jlorv.oii-a
58331+s
58332-.^»aj ^-^
58333JW°
583341. L "O.
58335-1. G «Bloß*»./». —
583363. G
58337u»>oOä=>- ._
58338',.
58339I, poiß^ii.
58340gratifying to you may be done, and
58341especially where with
58342the gratification
58343tliere
58344is
58345combined
58346lawfuluess and
58347reasonableness.
58348Bnt
58349tbese
58350tliings,
58351[if]
58352God pleases, we will [consider]
58353'
58354at lengtli together when we med.
58355XL.
58356Of THE SAME FROM THE LETTER TO TUE
58357[NMATES OF
58358TUE CONVENT OF THE
58359HOUSE
58360OF MAR BASSUS, WHIG!! WAS WRITTEN ON THE SUBJECT OF NAMES 2
58361.
58362For,
58363if we are about to
58364require
58365strictness
58366like our
58367strictness which we
58368516-7
58369observed when we were living in seclusion in raonasteries, we sball not suffer
58370presbyters
58371or archimandrites,
58372or anyone
58373eise who took
58374part
58375in
58376the synod
58377of Chalcedon, to be named.
58378But,
58379if we have regard to the complete conjunc-
58380tion and unity
58381of the holy churches, which extends to many countries and
58382churches,
58383it
58384is
58385not
58386easy suddenly
58387to
58388observe
58389or
58390think
58391of any such
58392rule
58393:
58394and,
58395if we
58396do, we
58397shall unwittingly
58398fall
58399iiito useless
58400confusion, and upset
58401everything, since such tliings are not of a kind to stand at
58402all in the way of
58403the general beneiit of peace.
584041. This
58405is the
58406sense required. —
584072. The
58408letters
58409on
58410this
58411subject may
58412be presumed
58413to have been
58414written about the same time, and
58415the dalu
58416is
58417fixed by ep.
58418'i5 and
5841916,
58420which were «rillen white
58421Dios-
58422corus was patriarch
58423of Alexandria.
p. 318
58424XU
58425G 47 V b.
58426L 34 v b.
58427306
58428LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
58429[134]
58430^^io yQ-xaiJjj jlok-K— -JKjüq^ JlcL,»— X^N
58431Jlöi^/t
58432.^*
58433,,_.;
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58454) ^nräs/;
584554 ^£oo;ouai»
584569
58457<;.
58458i, ai,|tü. —
584597. L
58460vooiowttÄ). —
584618.
58462i; ^otfc^Jio- —
584639. G om.
58464XLI.
58465FliOM
58466THE
58467LETTER
58468TO
58469MlJSONIUS
58470BISIIOI'
58471OF MeLOE
58472I.N
58473IsAURIA.',
58474THE
58475bkginning of
58476wiiicii
58477is,
58478« When
584791 came to the high-priestly throne
584802
58481».
58482516-7.
58483And know
58484this, that, where general nnions were concerned, the
58485fathers
58486did not wish to inquire into
58487the ohservance of tlie strict rule with regard
58488to
58489names.
58490Many of the 318 who assembled at Nicaea, as ecclesiastical histories
58491relate, were present at the synod at Ariminns [sie] and at Sardica
58492:!
58493; and
58494still,
58495thouffh the doctrines there laid down'
584961 were not approved, no one contended
58497about names.
58498And in the same way at Nicaea
584995 in Thrace also the synod of
58500bishops which pronounced that the Fatlier
58501is
58502like the Son, not co-essential,
58503was rightly rejeeted; and yet there was no question about names atthat time.
58504It
58505is a long matter
58506to
58507recounl
58508Ihe other rejeeted synods,
58509that at Sirmium,
58510that at Lampsacus, that at Rome,
58511that at Zelo
585126
58513, that at your Seleucia,
58514all
58515ol
58516which the synod
58517of the 150 caused to be passed over in silence as
58518if it
58519liad
585201.
58521S. L.
58522i.
585233,
585244,
5852522,
585262:i. It
58527is clear that this lelter was «rillen before the
58528last
58529:i of Hirse. —
585302.
585316p6vo;.
585323
58533Xhe synod of
58534Philippopolis
58535is meant. —
585364. The word
585378oYnacTi<j6j)vai
58538is höre
58539presen-ed. —
58540;">. Nico
58541is meant, and Sev.
58542intends
58543to say
58544lhat
58545llie s\nod
58546of Nice was
58547rejeeted. —
58548<i.
58549Zela
58550is meanl.
p. 319
58551[135]
58552XLI. — TO MUSONIUS.
58553307
58554ya*. -.Ja-^ J—o^
58555;o-J^s
58556JJ/ .^S.
58557K.iJi»/
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58652^..»^ot
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58655J_i^sj
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58657Nfc-/;;
58658^.ömo
58659'Jjlsj
58660J.i3oj
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58663) fcJUJLsLs
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58666-.^j/
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586681, G u»^oaio. _
586692.
586701;
58671iqonn"^ ;. _ 3. g
58672pl. —
58673St. Mss. v^ w —
58674•"•• G "">• —
586756. L
58676l»*lo. —
586777. L
58678J-ot.
58679forgotten
58680them,
58681not
58682introducing among
58683us
58684any vain
58685talk
58686or
58687superfluous
58688inquiry about names,
58689but
58690only asserting
58691the
58692divinity'
58693of the Holy
58694Spirit
58695together with the Father and the Son, and explaining the Intention of the 318.
58696And, when
58697the
58698holy Cyril
58699^Yith the
58700holy
58701synod
58702at Ephesus accomplished
58703the deprivation
587042 of the
58705evil Nestorius, the bishops of the East, though they
58706contended for bis rejected tenets
587073
58708, afterwards agreed
58709to
58710the deprivation
587112 of
58712that wolf and
58713the
58714rejections
58715of the
58716hateful
58717tenets
587183
58719; and there
58720was
58721never
58722any
58723discnssion
58724about names,
58725althuugh how many
58726do you
58727think had
58728died
58729in the meanwhile,
58730who
58731contended
58732for
58733the wickedness
58734of Nestorius?
58735For
58736these things, as
58737I have said, general unions have no room; but they remained
58738without examination; since manyare in faet passed over at Councils, although
58739they have often been involved in impious opinions.
58740Since thcn at the present
58741time some common
58742agreement among
58743the
58744ehurches
58745is
58746hoped
58747for,
58748do
58749not
58750lower your mind to untimely hair-splitting.
58751As there is a time to speak and
58752a time
58753to be silent', so there
58754is a time both to inquire
58755into
58756a matter of this
58757kind and not to inquire. Bear these things
58758in mind and be
58759rightly disposed,
587601. The word
58761BeoXoYSjam
58762is
58763liere preserved. —
587642.
58765xa6aipE<ji;. —
58766-i.
5876756-(\i.oLta. —
58768\.
58769Eccl.,
58770in,
587717.
58772PATR. OB. —
58773T.
58774XII. —
58775F.
58776!.
5877721
5877835
58779i"' n
58780.
58781G
5878218
58783i".i.
p. 320
58784308
58785LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
58786[136]
58787, 35 r
58788. b.' JÜUJLf |.Jxs^^io
58789Jt-lo
58790).-.J<xd
58791[jsKs JVok-co vOOt^J .,—A,^
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58793L35
58794<;
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58798516-7.
58799l$i.£
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58820;;. Q um. — 4.
58821(1 iaam9|V. — 5, L uMa£>«"Uo' — 6. L U3i p.
58822and
58823havc
58824no
58825regard
58826to men who
58827cleave
58828to
58829division,
58830and
58831find
58832fault with
58833everything in the same way, whom the sacred Scripture calls backbiters and
58834enemies of the common peace, and Christ the God of peace '.
58835XL1I.
58836Ol' THE SAME PROM THE LETTER TO T/HEOPHA.NES TUE
58837SCIIOLASTIC.
58838For that to be devoid of dispensation
58839is
58840a
58841subversal
58842of every action
58843is
58844testified
58845also by the
58846text of Proverbs which
58847says
58848thus
58849:
58850« They
58851that
58852liave
58853not dispensation fall like leaves »
588542
58855.
58856Of
58857flu' same,
58858from
58859lln
588601 same
58861letter.
58862We see that the champion
58863:1 of the truth also, tlie man of blessed and very
58864beloved memory, Timothy
58865arclibishop
58866of
58867Alexandria,
58868walks
58869in
58870the
58871same
58872paths, and through the Encyclical letter communicated with Paul of Ephesus
58873and Peter
58874of Antioch, and Anastasius of Jerusalem, and,
58875to put
58876it
58877simply,
58878with
58879all who signed the Encyclical
58880letter, and
58881that
58882lie did
58883not demand any
588841. Rom.,
58885i,
5888630. —
588872. Prov., XI,
5888814. — 3.
58889aytüvidtr,!;.
p. 321
58890[137]
58891XI. III. — TO TIIROPHANES.
58892309
58893»V«*J;o
58894.) n<r>'°> '^xa
58895^jt*.L.i/j
58896öua-*J;o
58897.
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58953'.t-^
58954K-J-flOCOCUO
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58958jlöu»/
58959^-io; yo^o
58960V^ä>?
58961^-«?
58962oöi
58963'"^^S. ^io»
58964«öl
58965^Q.^X3o)i la^;
58966jlj^v
58967J_s .»3Ü^.iO
58968Jioja»
58969Jju.,-0
58970och
58971vS/;
58972Jj-3-./
58973»Jbcu^p
58974R»ia ^v —
589753. Ms.
58976sin:;.
58977rejection of names, but set one purpose only before himself,
58978to root out the
58979Iieresy
58980frora
58981the
58982foundations,
58983and
58984to show that
58985it
58986had been unanimously
58987condemned, and to free the right confession from every evil species of heresy,
58988and from the mist that
58989arises therefrom.
58990For
58991all those, inasmuch
58992as thev
58993were like Moses faithful servants in all God's house', were instructed in the
58994sacred text of Proverbs which wisely teaches and says,
58995« He that dispenseth
58996not his house aright inheriteth winds^ 2
58997.
58998XLIII.
58999For
59000in
59001matters
59002in
59003which we
59004have
59005patristic
59006examples we
59007are
59008not
59009to
59010blame,
59011as
59012the
59013holy
59014Severus
59015teaches
59016in
59017the
59018letter
59019to
59020Theophanes
59021cited
59022above
590233
59024.
59025But he who does a thing which was done by the fathers, he aets canoni-
59026eally and
59027lawfullv,
59028as
59029(he holy Severus also teaches,
59030in the
59031letter
59032to Theo-
59033phanes cited above
590343
59035.
590361.
59037Ilebr..
59038in,
59039."..
59040Mary.
59041« For
59042all who
59043like Moses are faithful
59044in
59045all God's
59046house
59047:
59048l>nl he means one
59049i.i
59050anderstand
59051the church
59052». —
59053J.
59054Prov.,
59055xi.
5905629. —
590573. There
59058is no previous citation
59059of Hie
59060letter
59061in this
59062doeument
59063(a defence of the deposition
59064of Lhe
59065palriarch Paul ofAnliooh).
59066L
590673:1 r a.
59068\ I.I 11
59069M
59070173V"
59071I
59072M
59073175 v" a.
5907416-
p. 322
59075310
59076LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
59077[138]
59078G^sjya.
59079*' oocu3.tl y*73
59080,:i\M
59081oocurr\c\r£?
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59112p
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59120^*j>
59121J^a*.
59122jis/o
59123from
59124£*'£
59125XLIV.
59126Of THE
59127SAME FROM
59128TUE
59129LETTER TO UrBAN
59130TUE
59131GRAMMARIAN,
59132which begins,
59133« When
59134I read the letter of your learning
59135».
59136516-7.
59137In dealing with abstentions with regard to names preserved in the sacred
59138tablets we must in fitness duly compare the things of which
59139the sacred Scrip-
59140lure said
59141that, when they
59142fall into water that
59143is contained in small vessels,
59144they
59145pollute
59146it,
59147but, when into
59148pools
59149or wells
59150or cisterns containing many
59151streams, they cause no stain or pollution.
59152For the law of the divine
59153Spirit
59154said thus
59155: « And every drink that ye shall drink in any vessel shall be polluted;
59156and everything on which anything from a dead body
59157falls
59158is polluted.
59159Howe-
59160ver fountains of water and pools and cisterns of water shall be pure
59161»'.
59162This
59163principle then ought to be observed in the present case also.
59164If a man sepa-
59165rates from many on the ground that they are infected with heresy,
59166or that
59167they communicate with those who
59168are
59169infected,
59170let him with
59171all bis power
59172maintain abstention from the doad body, and not mention even the name of
59173those who are under suspicion and not genuine,
59174lest
59175iL
59176fall and pollute
59177the
591781. Lev.,
59179XI,
5918025,
5918126
p. 323
59182[139]
59183XI. IV. - TO URBAN.
59184311
59185^ts,,m\>; ^Ao»
59186JoU>cU
59187%-^-oi
59188..JLajj
59189JJ » ^»ö^o
59190Jk~.;ol ),—
59191J.ia^ 4*^»
59192j.-3 ? >-*> .JKJJ&Obo;
59193joouo
59194)»/
59195^--i v/
59196•
59197J^-**
59198V*> )°+* Jk-ÜO
59199J-^o»
59200Ja..*- .oVl=)j
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59202Jjou» ^JuJ-AJ^o
59203.)iw.;l
59204jtOss^o;
59205J^ocL^d
592060001
59207^sj-s»
59208yQJoi
59209^oi;
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59212kq..+.^-&o.£u\^ '^—1/»
59213:y.a... m
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59216066» ^coojßoa.^
59217)ot-^Ö-J p
59218.-).,. »vi \
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592209 )-oau^vj/
59221Jjot?
59222J-slaio
592231. L
59224>mo»3V3owo. —
592252. L
59226r?» ^w- —
592273. L
59228pl. —
59229'i. G
59230**oa»i3e;V=. —
59231.,.
59232(i corr.
59233I'rom |k.^&3. _
592346. G <*— 5»
59235(.?
59236corr. from Raipäsas)
59237|Loip>«oa. _
592387. Mss. r-t;o. —
592398. L
59240l^nm* !- _
592419. LUa^J-
59242-
5924310. G ß^>a-" 'O.
59244purity
59245of the communion.
59246But,
59247if the holding of the orthodox
59248faith, and an
59249anathema of every heresy reigns
59250in the
59251churches, and whole countries and
59252provinces', and populous churches, confess one uncorrupted confession, then
59253names which are thought to pollute are inundated by the multitude of streams.
59254It
59255is good thal no particle of a dead body should be introduced even into a
59256large quantity of water; but
59257if perchance"
59258it in fact happen to be introduced,
59259it
59260is cleansed by the quantity
59261of streams, and swamped by the quantity
59262of
59263cleansinff
592643
59265.
59266We find that in fact the holy
59267fathers
59268also who were
59269in former
59270times upholders of the righl word managed these things in this way.
59271Show
59272us from the compositions of the doctors of the church
59273that,
59274after so large a
59275number had found fault with the faith of the 318 at Ariminus [sie], any question
59276was raised about the names
59277of those who had
59278died.
59279And, not to make the
59280letter tedious by using many words, let us pass on in mind to times that are
59281near and not far removed.
59282We find that the holy Timothy, he who underwent
59283long exiles \ united with everyone in the Encyclical, and communicated with
59284Paul bishop of the city of the Ephesians, and Peter who had become prelate oi
592851. inrapxias (for inap-/ia{). — 2.
59286äpa. — 3. Cf.
59287S.
59288L.,
59289p.
59290"289. — 4.
59291eijopia;.
p. 324
59292312
59293LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
59294140
59295L35v°b. :v,(Do^d.JaÄ ^-o
59296|.jl-^x>o .)K_oöu
59297)K.. niaia
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59319~--o
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59321.•~_*Aoi
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59373^001
593747.-/;; J£C^
59375l
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59378<^>o _
59379',.
59380<; marg.
59381l~»j*w»v -
593825. G
59383|fe>W--»o, L |m-.»i
59384•
59385—
593866. L k^ooi-
59387this
59388great Christ-loving
59389city of Antioch, while names under suspicion were
59390preserved in the sacred tablets
59391; and the holy Cyril, when he united with the
59392Easterns after the deprivation
59393'
59394of Nestorius, when many
59395bishops had died,
59396und had departed under the
59397stain of the Nestorian heresy, made no inquiry
59398about names.
59399lf therefore those who set great störe by strictness in respect
59400of such names say
59401that the oblation
59402is not pure,
59403let them know
59404tliat their
59405strictness
59406also draws
59407its
59408origin
59409and
59410existence
59411from such communion, and
59412descends from that source as from a root.
59413For
59414the
59415saintly Timothy, as we
59416have
59417said,
59418consented
59419to
59420hold communion
59421with
59422those
59423of
59424like
59425opinions
59426in
59427Company with such names, he whose grandsons they
59428are who now with a
59429boastful front loudly proclaim,
59430« You
59431shall
59432not approach
59433nie because
59434I am
59435pure
59436».
59437And
59438this we say
59439superfluously,
59440that some
59441of the
59442bishops
59443in the
59444cities
59445of
59446the
59447Easterns
59448set even this
59449also
59450straight,
59451and
59452ceased to
59453mention
59454all
59455such
59456names
59457:
59458for
59459others
59460found
59461it
59462impossible
59463to
59464set
59465this
59466same
59467thing
59468straight; and
59469it was not right for such
59470a reason
59471for them to enter 011 wran-
59472gles
594732
59474, and set themselves in array against the enthusiasm of the people of the
59475cities, in order that they might suffer shipwreck
59476in
59477llie most essential things.
59478I. xaöaipeoi;. —
594792.
59480^-jyo\i.6.yas.
p. 325
59481[141]
59482XI.V. - T(> SOTERIC.
59483313
59484CLV
59485r°b.
59486L
59487:i'i r° a.
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59489.
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59527^dq^.äoV3
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59533^3
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59536(
59537;
59538u»a»^.i &£*»(
595392. L ö»*«i "Oio^»N -|*o3ß- —
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59543',. Mss. ^2iwv —
59544ö.
59545I
59546um. v
59547(5. Q »>U.W-
595487. L rWv —
595498. L UmS^V/v —
595509. G unaJ^nuSi
59551:
59552corr. marg.
59553in another
59554hanil. —
5955510. L.
59556pl. —
5955711. Mss.
59558(im. —
5955912. L <i»v —
5956013. L with point
59561: following.
59562XLV.
59563Of
59564THE
59565HOLY
59566SeVERIS,
59567FROM
59568THE LETTER
59569TO
59570SeTORIC
59571'
59572BISHOP
59573OF
59574Caesarea in Cappapocia, which begins,
59575et The God-loving hishop ofthe city
59576of the Nyssencs
59577».
59578They are not acting rightly who think
59579llial our oblation
59580is
59581not pure ou
59582516.
59583account of the names of those who
59584liave already
59585died, and who
59586liave
59587fallen
59588into
59589heretical tenets
595902
59591, and havc
59592not been removed from the sacred tablets;
59593because in
59594fact such matters did not affect the oblation of orthodoxy' ofthe
59595holy fathers
59596also.
59597Though
59598Eusebius Pamphili contended
59599for
59600ihe disease of
59601Arius, both
59602in speech and
59603in
59604act,
59605the members of the
59606church
59607of Caesarea
59608mentioned bis name, until the holy Cyril passed by, when he was hastening
59609to the city of the Ephesians, and had this name removed.
59610What shall \ve then
59611say? That throughout the time during which the name
59612of Eusebius stood in
59613the sacred tablets it perturbed the oblation of men who held right opinions
596142
59615?
59616What? When again the same holy Cyril of saintly memory wrote to the holy
596171.
59618Soteric
59619is
59620nseant
59621:
59622see
59623S.
59624L..
59625p.
5962661,
59627291,
59628387,
59629407;
59630Evagr.,
59631in,
5963244;
59633Cyr. Scyth.,
59634Vit.
59635Sab., 56;
59636Theoph., A. M.
596376003. —
59638i. oö^fiara. —
596393.
59640Öp0ooo5ia.
p. 326
59641L 34V a
59642314
59643LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
59644[1421
59645sCDomoJI;
59646).jjao "^n ^isa«J;
59647:ooi U^»-s vm «No,
59648!
59649i «^a^jpoja;
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597541,
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59756•>. L
59757ioo»o»|l.v —
597583. G fe»Ji*«v — 4. L ft«uv — 5. L Hol-»iv —
59759(j. L ^^,W-
59760_
597617, L IäSoi^N- —
59762g.
59763<;.-• —
597649. L ooi Um-
59765Proclus bishop of Constantinoph' at that lime to spare the namc of Theodore
59766of Mopsuestia, who was the putrid source of the hateful and putrid tenets
59767' of
59768Nestorius, in order not to give an opportunity to those who wished to disturb
59769the church-,
59770shall we think that thereby some pollution and stain of heresy
59771was inflicted on the oblation of the orthodox
597723
59773? By no means.
59774If we searcli
59775into
59776this, there
59777is no time at which we
59778shall see the church to be pure.
59779If
59780is already well-known that such things have not and
59781never
59782will cause any
59783injury
59784to the whole
59785fulness of the body
59786of Christ.
59787In
59788fact
59789in Leviticus we
59790find something like this written, where
59791it
59792is dealing with the pollution that
59793is caused
59794to anything by
59795a dead body, as follows
59796:
59797« And
59798all food that ye
59799shall eat on which water shall come, and there fall upon it any of these dead
59800things,
59801it
59802is pollution; and
59803every drink that ye
59804shall drink in any vessel
59805is
59806polluted.
59807However of
598084 Springs of water and of pools and of cisterns of water
59809they
59810shall be pure
59811»
598125
59813.
59814What then
59815is
59816it that
59817is made known
59818to us by this?
59819That, when certain men are by themselves,
59820in a church for instance or in one
598211. S6yv-axa. —
598222. Ep.
5982372
59824(P.C.. LXXVTI,
59825315). —
59826:i. öpBöooHot -
59827V
59828Thus
59829meaninglessl>
59830has the
59831translator rendered
59832the genitive aller
59833n>,r|v. —
598345. Luv.,
59835xi,
5983624-26.
p. 327
59837[143]
59838XIV. - TO SOTERIC.
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59915:,.
59916i
59917;
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59919perh. erased.
59920—
59921(',. Appaivnllv something has
59922lallen oul. —
599237. Mss. ^»U _
59924s. L l^oiaS/. _ 9.
59925i,
59926,.?
59927city, or in monasteries perhaps make mention of the names of those who are
59928under suspicion and of dead
59929nien,
59930like the
59931similarly small amount of water
59932contained in a vessel they are polluted by the mention, as
59933if something dead
59934were
59935falling
59936;
59937but, when churches
59938of many provinces
59939'
59940and
59941of dioceses are
59942held in one bond of faith, and resemble
59943fair fountains and pools and cisterns
59944of water, the dead thing which has the property of polluting
59945if it
59946fall cannot
59947injure; for it is swamped by the flow, and by the abundance of many streams.
59948I have said these things
59949in order to show from the God-inspired
59950Scripture,
59951and from the bishops, the pastors, the upholders of right reason,
59952t hat
59953in such
59954matters observance of every point
59955is
59956endless, and that mention of this kind
59957J
59958does
59959no
59960injury to the
59961fair body
59962of the
59963church. ßut your
59964sanctity should
59965know that we have by a letter made the above
59966project known to the saintly
59967Dioscorus also, bishop of Alexandria \
59968since we
59969considered
59970liis assent
59971also
59972most neccssary.
599731.
59974üicopxi'a? (for eicap/.fcec). —
599752. This is the sense required. — 3. Preserved in
59976S.
59977L.,
59978iv,
599793. The date
59980is
59981Iherefore 516
p. 328
59982316
59983LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
59984[144]
59985*Ka_n1.
59986JK_.ot.lSx
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600682. L >*~-£;o^/- —
60069:;.
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60071',. G marg.
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60080sing. —
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60083XLVI.
60084Ol' THE HOLY SeYERUS, FROM THE LETTER
60085TO
60086HlPPOCRATES THE SCHO-
60087lastic
600881
60089, whicii
60090regins,
60091«
60092I have
60093not learned
60094to
60095jest
60096at divine things
60097as
60098011
60099a stage
601002
60101»
60102.
60103516-7.
60104For
60105the
60106lioly
60107Cyril
60108also,
60109alter
60110he
601111 1 ad
60112written
60113a
60114derisive book
60115against
60116Theodore and
60117Diodorus,
60118the
60119teaeliers
60120of the
60121impiety
60122of Nestorius (and he
60123contends against them and says, « You have surpassed the open-mouthedness
60124of
60125the
60126heatlien, you
60127have
60128shown
60129the
60130impieties
60131of Jewish
60132pride
60133to
60134be no-
60135thing»
601363
60137), sent a message by letter to Proclus
60138of
60139sainllv
60140memory
60141bishop
60142of
60143Constantinople not to remove the name of such men Crom the sacred diptychs,
60144because those of the East clung to the memory of this man 4
60145.
60146Of the
60147holt]
60148Severus,
60149from
60150the
60151letter
60152l<>
60153Hippocrates,
60154ich ich
60155bei/ Ins,
60156«
60157Not to jest as on a stage
60158».
60159For
60160I
60161believc that we
60162ineur
60163etjual danger
601645
60165if we abate
60166anything
60167from
601681.
601698.
60170I,..
60171p. 147.— 2.
60172Mai;,'.
60173«
60174He here calls
60175a theatre
60176(OeceTpovj
60177a stage
60178(tenl)
60179». —
601803. Mansi.
60181IX,
601822:!.'..
60183—
60184'i. Theodore,
60185to whom alonc Ihe
60186letter (ep.
6018772.
60188in
60189/'. C, LXXVII, 345) refers. —
601905. xivSuvo?.
p. 329
60191* L33\
60192.1
60193[145J
60194XL VI. — TO HIPPOCRA.TES.
60195317
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602532. G
60254le»fc>Aa^aaao. —
602553. L m**i
60256uoio^-N- —
60257i.
60258Mss.
602590111. —
602605. L l-Oo»a3o-
60261ti, l tSnm.'W. _
602627. L Ußiaas
60263strictness in the case
60264of strict and
60265perfect men, and
60266if we show untimely
60267strictness in the case of men who need a dispensation and lawful concession,
60268and give our neiglibonr, as
60269it
60270is written, turbid dregs to drink
602711
60272.
60273Of the
60274samt' from
60275the
60276Vetter
60277to Hippocrates
60278the
60279scholastic,
60280which
60281begins,
60282«
60283I have
60284not learned to jest at divine things as on a stage
60285».
60286Being pricked by these words and divine laws as by goads, and fearing
60287and trembling,
60288I mentioned the matter of those from Gappadocia who wish to
60289be united to us to the saintly Dioscorus bishop of Alexandria and our fellow-
60290minister, and
602911 eonsulted with your learning
60292also, revealing to von
60293all my
60294affairs from the beginning, and hiding nothing whatever; and
60295I do not know
60296huw
60297it
60298is that you have thrown over the letters and consultations that have
60299passed since that time, and teil us to take no account ofthose from Gappadocia
60300the waste country, but to
60301treat the
60302divine laws that
60303I
60304have just mentioned
60305with
60306contempt.
60307In the
60308first
60309place
60310the same
60311account
60312is
60313due
60314to
60315one
60316soul
603171.
60318Is..
60319LI.
6032017
60321(?).
p. 330
60322318
60323LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
60324[14(i]
60325o2s>o
60326-.V-iö/ )min> y -^. V-*^
60327v*-^
60328°°* •\a^.-io
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604152. G um. —
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60419l'or^- -
60420•",. L
60421sing. —
604226. G |G^>» ^m^s -
604237
60424Q
60425&..|;>£^,.
60426and tomany;
60427and
60428next how cau we
60429call
60430the two
60431Cappadocias and Arme-
60432nia waste places? But
60433in this you thought or spoke rather
604341
60435like the natives
60436of the country
60437(allow me
60438with your pardon
60439to
60440say),
60441and
60442not
60443truly.
60444For
60445it
60446is
60447the
60448habit
60449of the Alexandrines
60450to
60451think
60452that
60453the
60454sun
60455rises
60456for
60457them
60458only, and towards them only
60459the lamp bums,
60460so that they
60461even jestingly
60462term
60463outside
60464cities
60465'lampless'.
60466If for the purpose
60467of right judgments
60468it
60469is possible to weigh the numbers of a people,
60470like weights
60471that
60472are distiu-
60473ouished by the
60474inclinations of the scale of a balance,
60475the inhabitants of
60476all
60477Ihese countries will produce no less than the whole city ofthe Alexandrines.
60478But you say that
60479in the
60480case
60481of men who make
60482right
60483requests we shonld
60484liave regard to our understanding.
60485But
60486in
60487this also we
60488liave a better prin-
60489ciple, as we showed in what we
60490said a liltle before, having countless other
60491texts ofthe God-inspired Scriptures also which command us
60492that
60493those
60494that
60495are strong
60496should
60497bear the
60498infirmities
60499of those
60500that
60501are weak
605022
60503,
60504and
60505that
60506we should not liave regard
60507to our own affairs but to the interest of others
60508',
60509and
60510texts
60511that
60512agree
60513with
60514those.
60515And, while was
60516writing and
60517speaking
605181.
60519[löaXov. -
605202. Rom., XV, 1. — 3.
60521Philipp.,
60522II,
605234.
p. 331
60524[147]
60525XLVI. — TO HIPPOCRATES.
60526319
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60608«j^o;
60609^>oi
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60611.JIjqjlS
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60613|aüm.us;. —
606146.
60615i, UoiaSo- —
606167. g
60617*jo»
60618(*
60619over
60620marg.). —
606218. G
60622«kmovloo- —
606239.
60624L Ijco^Sv
60625in.
60626<;
60627Ivra^ißi v«i
60628^o^3ciigM»i. .»;-/. _
6062911.
60630L
60631US/- —
6063212.
60633I,
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6063513.
60636(I
60637|£ooi3|.
60638._
60639[4.
606401,
60641|tti
60642|' "-[,
60643these
60644things,
60645I
60646showed
60647cautioa
60648in
60649every
60650point,
60651and
60652did
60653not
60654trust
60655to
60656myself in
60657everything,
60658but awaited the
60659assent
60660of the
60661saintly Dioscorus my
60662fellow-minister
60663who
60664shares my
60665opinions,
60666and
60667Eleusinius
60668'
60669and
60670Proclus-
60671the God-loving bishops from Cappadocia
60672I
60673took from the beginning
60674as my
60675fellow-communicants and now hold them as
60676such,
60677since they have anathe-
60678matized
60679the synod
60680of Chalcedon by many
60681signatures
60682in no
60683small number
60684of tonies
60685: but Soteric
606863 who offered us a covenant of Union and conjunction
60687I
60688passed over, for
60689I did not wish to term him our fellow-communicant by letter
60690iliow
60691eould
60692I
60693so
60694term
60695one
60696wlio
60697is
60698not bound
60699in
60700communion?) Wherefore
60701also
60702Asterius,
60703his
60704God-loving
60705brother,
60706and
60707bishop
60708of Nvssa,
60709is
60710ready
60711to
60712leave the
60713see.
60714So
60715for our part we
60716lield
60717to our own
60718principles and did not
60719give any
60720man,
60721to speak
60722in
60723tlie words
60724of
60725Scriptlire,
60726cause
60727of offence*.
60728For
60729we know
60730positively and we
60731say
60732openly
60733s
60734that you
60735have
60736formed
60737an
60738exe-
60739crable
60740purpose that
60741is
60742not pleasing to
60743God.
60744And
60745I beg your
60746learning not
60747to bestow this
60748foolish
60749favour on me
60750at
60751all, and
60752hide wliat was written bv
60753me,
60754but make
60755it known,
60756if possible,
60757to everyone.
60758What sense
60759is
60760there in
607611. Bp. of Sasima(8. L., vi, 1;
60762p. 93, 321; Theoph.,
60763A. M. 5999; above, ep.
6076410-12
60765. --
607662.
60767Bp.
60768of Colonia
60769(8. L.,
607701, 56;
60771v,
6077213;
60773p.
6077493; Mich.,
60775p.
6077626G). —
607773.
60778Bp.
60779Ol' Caesarea; see
60780ep.
6078145. —
607824.
607831
60784Cor.,
60785x,
60786:i2
60787(?
60788. —
607895.
60790\\ ith napp/,ata.
60791I,
60792::',r" a.
p. 332
60793I,
60794151
60795v"
60796li
60797152
60798r" a
60799320
60800LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
60801L48]
60802J;ok-JL_J
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60861ogLio
60862.
60863.» \ "»top; ^.N oi;
608641. L \^i —
608652. Ms. om.
60866our promising something
60867diflicult on
60868account
60869of an
60870insignificant
60871cause
60872ot
60873fear,
60874aiul
60875in fact taking the opposite course?
60876Of
60877the
60878same
60879from
60880the
60881fetter
60882tu
60883Hippocrates
60884the
60885Alexandrine
60886scholastic,
60887the
60888beginning
60889of which
60890is,
60891« And
60892I have not learned to jest at divine things as
60893on a stage
60894».
60895But as to the edict
60896I liave often said to your wisdom what my position
60897is,
60898and
60899it seems
60900a
60901piece
60902of
60903perversity
60904that we
60905should
60906sing'
60907to
60908110
60909purpose
60910about the same things
60911; for whcther you remember or do not remeraber is the
60912same
60913to me.
60914Wliile
60915llie things
60916wickedly done
60917at Ghalcedon against
60918the
60919orthodox faith are not anathematized by name, no argument can persuade me
60920like an interpreter
60921of dreams
60922to expound and forcibly
60923underständ the text
60924of the edict as a
60925rejection
60926of the unlawful things. (And again
60927he says
60928of the
60929Henotikon.)
60930For
60931it contains a right confession of faith only, though by
60932itsclf
60933it be destitute of healing for what
60934is required.
609351.
60936l'i.'ili. read
60937;-*>!' (speak).
p. 333
60938L49J
60939XLVI. — TO HIPPOCRATES.
60940321
60941:-|L^./>
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61030</(e «ime
61031/'/>;/?(
61032the
61033sinne
61034letter.
61035And, when
61036all
61037the
61038bishops
61039of the
61040East were present
61041at
61042Aiitioch', and
61043anathematized the synod in writing, and we addressed a synodical letter to
61044Timothy the prelate of the royal
61045city, we anathematized what was done
61046at
61047Chalcedon against the orthodox
61048faitli, ahd the Jewish Tome of Leo, and those
61049who
61050call our one Lord and God Jesus Christ two natures
61051after the incom-
61052prehensible union.
61053And
61054afterwards, when innumerable attacks were made
61055upon me, insomuch that the glorious Asterius, the ex-prefect" of the city, who
61056held the
61057ollice
61058called a secretis*, was sent
61059after me,
61060J was
61061not
61062in the least
61063frightened,
61064nor
61065did
61066I
61067fear,
61068aor
61069yield
61070to
61071the. time, though
61072he
61073said,
61074« The
61075kingdom of the Romans
61076is
61077in a turmoil'' on aecount
61078of this
61079»,
61080but
61081I
61082plainly
61083said,
61084«
61085I am ready to leave the city and resign the see, rather than upset one
61086stroke of what
61087I wrote from the beginning in the synodical words addressed
61088to Timothy »
61089: and this I did not say without writing it down, but
61090I expressed
61091myself with freedom
610925
61093in writing to the
61094religious king also.
610951. In 512 (Zach.
61096Rh.,
61097VII,
6109810). —
610992.
61100änb
61101=7iapxwv. —
611023. As an ex-prefect could not hold this inferior
61103office, the meaning
61104tnust be that he was an ex-prel'ecl
61105at
61106Ihc time
61107of writing, and
61108his prefeclure must
61109therefore he dated between 51ü and
61110öltj. —
611114.
61112xe'H«"''. —
61113ä.
61114irap(i/;<jia.
61115152 r b.
p. 334
61116XI, VII
61117[,
61118152 r
61119b.
61120322
61121LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
61122[150]
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61208(sie). —
612093.
61210Ilere, begins
61211an
61212extract
61213in M
61214175
61215v"
61216b.
61217For <•?
61218s| M has
61219,
61220(sie) owi —
612214. M
61222sing. —
612235. M
61224oni. —
612256. M
61226IJO.- nVii
61227. _
612287. M ^wjc —
612298. M ^»oi-V
61230Ilere the
61231extract ends. —
61232'.1. ^^
61233-
61234in another hand over erasure.
6123551fi-7.
61236XLVII.
61237Of THE SAME FROM ANOTHER LETTER
61238TO THE
61239SAME
61240Hll'POCRATES, THE
61241BEGiNNiNc of wiiicH is,
61242« That which brings your wisdom ».
61243But this you may keep firmly and fixedly in your mind, that no one shall
61244be our fellow-communicant, nor will
61245vve consent
61246to greet by letter any man
61247who at the sarae time reeeives the wicked synod at Chalcedon contrary to the
61248law, and does not anathematize the Tome of Leo.
61249But,
61250if any concession is
61251necessary',
61252I will stand within the ordinances of the holv Timothy-, consi-
61253derinff the s-eneral benefit ol'a uniou of the holy churebes, and demanding an
61254open anathema of the things done at Chalcedon against the orthodox
61255faith,
61256and of the wicked Tome of Leo, and of those who speak of two natures after
61257the union, and the
61258Operations of these and
61259their properties.
61260But,
61261if tbese
61262things are upset, no argument
61263nor iiiducement
61264shall persuade
61265nie to assent
61266to the wickedness.
61267P^or
61268I say
61269like
61270Paul,
61271«
61272It
61273is
61274better for me
61275to
61276die, than
61277that anyone sbould make my boasting vain
61278:
61279for,
61280if
61281I
61282so preach,
61283I
61284have
61285110
612861.
61287avi^x-l- — - See
61288p.
61289105.
p. 335
61290L51
61291XI.VII1. — TO IIIPPOCRATES.
61292323
61293&cvl:\ r£&\\\rdn
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61301sie) ocul/vpcvSarsf
61302XI.IX
61303L
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61305* v°
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61338tva
61339* caL-n
61340cause of boasting; for
61341necessity
61342is
61343laid upon me, and woe to
61344nie
61345unless
61346I
61347so preach, since so
61348I have reeeived »'.
61349XLVI1I. — For the holy Severus said
61350in a letter to Hippocrates.
61351This
61352therefore
613531
61354testify
61355to
61356all who
61357confess the
61358right
61359faith aecording
61360to
61361516-7.
61362the apostolic command, before God and Christ the Son, who shall judge living
61363and dead at his appearance and in
61364his kingdom, that for my partl even now
61365also have believed that
61366I have stood and stand as a mediator between the holy
61367church of Alexander's city and thatof the city of Antiochus, liolding the
61368right
61369hand of each of them, and
61370I will hold inseparably to the confessions in which
61371both have been united, although
61372I pass beyond the bounds of Gades or ofthe
61373end of the
61374inhabited earth.
61375XLIX. — Of tue same from the letter to Dioscorus Patriarch of Alexandria.
61376But perhaps
61377it
61378is good to
61379say, both to our people and to
61380all strangers,
61381511;--.
613821.
61383I Cor.,
61384ix,
6138515,
6138616.
61387TATR. OR. —
61388T.
61389XII. —
61390F.
613912.
6139222
p. 336
61393l.M V
61394324
61395LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
61396[152]
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61438^oaiaj
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61440p>Kiß/;
61441> ^J\oi
61442:J^qjl3 ^o'^*Kj
61443.
61444»Not;
61445)kn°> v>\
61446t.0
61447•.yOA.A^uoi K_o
61448o/ vO^JUp|
61449•.) ...«».so
61450^_-!\
61451ch\
61452>m
61453.
61454m-3^-3o
61455.ISo^o/;
61456y-*\
61457) rn *°\
61458);oi
61459) n <=>'«>; b/
61460ojl!~
61461JJ -.^Ktv
61462ioot vaoLa\i
61463l. Ms. ^«j Ry-vj-
61464that,
61465if the timc of concession
61466call, to catch one who is separated and to gain
61467him,
61468I
61469prescribe a formula
61470that
61471does not exceed what
61472is right, but goes in
61473the middle of the king's highway
614741
61475, a formula which anathematizes by name
61476the things done at Chalcedon against the orthodox
61477faith, and
61478against those
61479who contended on behalf of this, and the wicked Tome of Leo, who became
61480chief of the church of the Romans, and those who call our one Lord and God
61481Jesus Christ two natures after the divine and ineffable union, there beingalso
61482expressiv joined with these things the right confession contained in the edict
61483of Zeno of pious ending, for the
61484rejection of the wicked synod
61485at Chalcedon.
61486]f
61487the
61488things blasphemously and unlawfully done
61489at
61490that synod, and
61491the
61492polluted Tome of Leo, and those who after the union divide
61493the one Christ
61494into a duality of natures, are not anathematized, though the edict or Henotikon
61495is taken as
61496a
61497rejection
61498of these
61499things,
61500I do not consider this
61501sufficient
61502for
61503persuasion, as was also declared
61504in the proceedings
615052 held among you.
615061. Num., xx,
6150717; xxi,
6150822. —
615092.
61510itpälji?.
p. 337
61511[153]
61512L — TO DIOSCORUS.
61513325
61514]Jo
61515..Jj/
61516^ajLio
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61518joiS^
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615391".
61540LI
61541M 176 r° a.
61542*
61543176 r b.
61544L.
61545Ol'
61546TUE
61547SAME
61548FROM
61549TUE
61550LETTER
61551TO
61552DlOSCORUS
61553BISHOP
61554OF
61555AlEXANDRIA.
61556But neither can
61557I consent to the prdposals that come from yonr religions-
61558516-
61559ness, nor
61560is
61561it reasonable for nie to form
61562a jndgment upon the things written
61563by the other party as if something certain were in question, even
61564if it were an
61565angel who
61566says these things
61567:
61568for can
61569I ratify words without witnesses and
61570without verification while \ve are at a distance?
61571LI.
61572AnD THIS AGAIN
61573THE HOLY SeVERUS STATES
61574IN" THE LETTER TO AmANTIUS
61575THE
61576CHAMBERLAIN,
61577IN
61578REFERENCE
61579TO
61580EpiPHANIUS
61581METROPOLITAN
61582OF TyRE
61583'
61584,
61585« Even
61586if he repents,
61587I cannot receive him,
61588lest the church be rent asun-
61589der in that he has wounded the feelings
61590of many
61591»;
61592for he
61593said thus
61594:
61595Now
61596therefore
61597I
61598have thonght
61599it
61600necessary to write this
61601present
61602short
61603513-8.
61604letter and
61605inform
61606von
61607that
61608the
61609good
61610and
61611gentle
61612Epiphanius
61613of the
61614city
616151.
61616S. L.,
61617I,
6161831
61619;
61620vi, 2; P.
61621().,
61622II, 30; Evagr.. m, 33; Mansi, VIII, 1074.
p. 338
61623lii
61624G 227 v b.
61625519-20.
61626326
61627LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
61628[154j
61629yOOt^O;
61630)Li^\o
61631jJ
61632/
61633.vQJLJlI;
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61691JJi
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61693)—10
616941
61695O; 3~\:Jo
61696:|~»W— /
61697Ll-s)
61698oöi
61699of the Tyrians exalted liimself
61700against my groat weakness, and he became
61701an cxample
61702to others
61703to
61704secede;
61705but
61706lie has
61707also wounded the hearts of all
61708the believers,
61709as
61710if
61711I,
61712who
61713confess
61714the
61715right
61716faith,
61717were
61718hurling myself
61719against
61720that
61721impious
61722man, who
61723exalts
61724himself
61725both
61726against
61727the
61728divine
61729commands
61730and
61731against
61732church
61733Order
61734;
61735so
61736that,
61737if
61738I
61739wish,
61740it
61741is
61742110
61743Ionger
61744permissible for me
61745to
61746receive him
61747in communion, even
61748if he repents,
61749since
61750every man's conscience has already been wounded because of him.
61751LII.
61752Of TUE SAME FROM TUE
617532'"' LETTER TO TUE SAME
61754PillLIP TUE PRESBYTER
61755AND MONK
61756'
61757ABOUT
61758THE
61759FORMATION
61760OF
61761MAN,
61762AND
61763THAT
61764THE
61765MONASTIC
61766HABIT
61767FREES FROM PREVIOUS SINS.
61768And now
61769I turn
61770to the Statement made by your religiousness,
61771that one
61772of those who live an ascetic life of philosophic labour,
61773after he had come and
61774presented himself for Ordination- in order that he might ofliciate as a priest
61775to God, having aftenvards come to remember
61776his
61777life, and the
61778sins
61779that he
61780had committed in his boyhood, and all the rest of his life, and having learned
617811. S. L.,
617821, 51 (which precedes
61783in nur ms.);
61784p.
61785181, 364; above,
61786p.
61787104.
61788II
61789is most natural
61790to suppose
61791that
61792tliis correspondence preceded ep. 34 and S.
61793L.,
61794v,
617958. —
617962. /"potovia.
p. 339
61797[155]
61798LH. - TO PHILIP.
61799327
61800»_isoo
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61899I. Ms. «v- —
619002- Here begins an extract
61901in
61902II 32 r. —
619033.
61904II
61905».'-ni lov^-v —
61906i.
61907II |LaWs~a=. —
61908:,. n
61909ta»{. —
619106. üere
619111 he extract ends.
61912that the canon
61913requires blamelessness, sought
61914to ränge himself outside the
61915priestly ministry, and in a way renounce Ordination', and satisfy the canon.
61916Flow
61917is this endurable? teil me; and how
61918is
61919it anything but a result of false
61920modesty? You write that this man has lived both with earnestness and accor-
61921ding to the ordinances of philosophy
619222
61923, and, to speak in the language of Scrip-
61924ture, looks to himself
619253
61926.
61927If the facts of that great sin which cuts off from the
61928priesthood or from the ministry had happened after the profession of monastic
61929life, then there would have been reason for modesty to play
61930its
61931part.
61932But,
61933where the facts of the sin happened first, and the enxolling in pliilosophy fol-
61934lowed, how
61935is
61936it right to feel fear where no fear is
619374
61938? We believe,
61939not without
61940the divine Spirit, that the holy habit of the monastic life carries forgiveness of
61941sins, and strips off the old man 'who
61942is corrupted
61943in the lusts of error', and
61944puts on 'the new man who was created in God, in righteousness and sanctity
61945of truth'% as the wise Paul somewhere said in writing.
61946I adduce, although
61947I am addressing those who know,
61948in confirmation of what has been stated,
619491. xsipoTovto. —
61950•!.
61951cpi)io<jo?ia. —3. II John, 8(?). —
61952'i. Ps. LH,
619536. —
619545. Eph..
61955IV, 22,
6195624.
p. 340
61957* 228
61958r"
61959b.
61960328
61961LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
61962[156]
61963s**_l>s;
61964oöi
61965.-«kSJLl*./
61966°<V-30;t
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62079«*'»jj
62080. lJ l f^>l k-jLolo
62081the vision which that heavenly man the great Antony saw.
62082What
62083in
62084i'act
62085does the man who told the story of Ins life say, the divine Athanasius who
62086is
62087among the high-priests?
62088« When he was about to eat, and had risen to pray
62089at
62090the
620919"' hour, he feit his consciousness lifted up, and (wonderful to relate!)
62092he
62093feit himself standing and seeing himself, as
62094if he had been taken outside
62095him, and as
62096if he were being led into the
62097air by some men, and afterwards
62098some grievous and cruel men standing in the air and seeking to prevent him
62099from passing.
62100And, when the conductors opposed, tliese required an account
62101to know
62102if he were
62103not
62104liable to them
62105;
62106but, when they sought to make an
62107account from his birth, those who were leading Antony prevented
62108it, saying
62109to these
62110:
62111'What happened from
62112his birth the Lord has wiped out; but you
62113may inquire into the time
62114since he became
62115a monk and made profession to
62116God'.
62117Then upon
62118their making charges and
62119failing
62120to
62121convict,
62122the
62123road
62124was made free and unimpeded before him.
62125And immediately he saw liimself
62126standing,
62127as
62128if he had
62129come
62130to
62131himself, and
62132that
62133he was
62134again whollv
62135Antony »'. Guided
62136therefore by
62137this divine command,
62138I have answered the
62139present question
62140; and
62141I alfirm and say with coniidence that that modest man
621421.
62143Vit. Aul..
62144C5.
p. 341
62145£157]
62146LIII. — TO CAESARIA.
62147329
62148J^a*a-,
62149JJ)qa
62150,-^so ..^.
62151ilo/
62152^..aVo» v--^»? ^-^oi
62153..JUo_^_jo jlov-og;
62154'j-J-j
62155yo^s
62156l
62157.nV •'"> JJo
62158.-Jj»o«; ^-\ot;
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62160o/
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62162. T
62163.'/ffl ;
621644 «6i ouM ;a-^s v*^ J*~ x^M Hj^a-l jJ; ^^ "^o?
62165'-ous .-fco/
62166LID
62167i 219 r" a.
62168P 248
62169V°.
621701. Ms. U^»". —
621712. Erased in G. — 3. Mss. ^o\- —
621724. G om.
62173must
62174retain
62175the
62176priestly ministry,
62177since with
62178Ins
62179very scrupulousness and
62180carefulness he
62181has conferred
62182a great benefit upon
62183us, and by the wise and
62184modest question has astringed with apostolie salt those who gape
62185for priestly
62186Offices,
62187and
62188run
62189after
62190ordinations',
62191like
62192the
62193pomp
621942
62195and honours
62196of
62197the
62198world, and those whose minds
62199are
62200fiked on
62201pride or on visions
62202of things
62203here, and who treat as of no account the judgments which we
62204shall receive
62205for these
62206things, when
62207the day
62208of judgment
62209arrives, which
62210will assuredly
62211come,
62212and is spoken
62213of by every one's
62214mouth, but
62215is looked for by
62216few as
62217it should be looked
62218for.
62219LIII. — Of tue
62220iioly Severus from the letter to Caesaria tue iiypatissa \
62221which begins,
62222« Again of this letter also let God be the beginning
62223».
62224You are acting rightly and as beiits women who profess religion in asking
62225519-38.
62226everything without shame;
62227for there
62228is one thing only
62229that brings shame,
62230if through
62231sin we come
62232in
62233conflict with
62234God's
62235laws, and
62236fall under
62237the
622381. XEipoTovi'a;. —2. tavTaota. —
622393. S.
62240L., in, 4;
62241IV, 10; x, 7; Anecd. Syr., II, 26
62242ff. See ROC... VI. 470.
62243Greek
62244extracts
62245from
62246letters to
62247Caes.
62248are
62249published
62250i» Gramer,
62251Gat.
62252in Matth.
62253et Marc,
62254p.
62255HS, and
62256S. V. N. C, IX,
62257731
p. 342
62258330
62259LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
62260[158]
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623235. G o'»v —
623246. P
62325l^o^a«». _
62326-. p
62327judgment of divine wrath.
62328I. Rnow thercfore that a woman whö has
62329the
62330usual flow of blood ought not to communicate in tho divine commnnion tili the
62331blood ceases
62332to come.
62333II. On the same
62334principle,
62335in
62336the case of one also
62337who has held the chaste intercourse of the conch with a lawful husband, after
62338the same intercourse,
62339it
62340is not
62341in accordance with religion that
62342slie
62343should
62344for the space of a day receive the most mysterious
62345food
62346:
62347for
62348these things
62349increase men's awe and clearness of vision as regards the practice of religion
62350and the worship
62351of God.
62352In the apostolic injunctions something like this
62353is written about a widow
62354who
62355is appointed
62356in the churches
62357:
62358« But,
62359after
62360she enters
62361lipon
62362her func-
62363tions,
62364as has been
62365said,
62366let
62367her not be
62368concerned with
62369anything,
62370but
62371be
62372ahme, for the pnrpose of undisturbed prayers;
62373for to such a widow
62374solitude
62375is a foundation of holiness and of life
62376:
62377for she has had no pleasure in anyone
62378eise but the God of gods,
62379the
62380Falber
62381in heaven.
62382But
62383at
62384stated
62385times
62386let
62387her give praise
62388apart,
62389at night and
62390in the morning.
62391If she have
62392a mens-
62393truation,
62394let her remain
62395in the church, but not approach the altar; not that
62396she
62397is
62398polluted, but because honour
62399is due to
62400the
62401altar
62402»'.
62403For the sake
624041. Test. Dom.,
62405i.
6240642.
p. 343
62407[159]
62408Uli. - TO CAESARIA.
62409331
62410oöi
62411•)
62412-;,.^-n^v.
62413' |Ainm,^|
62414J-s»
62415oöi
62416:
62417' va»o)l!oct*4
62418L****»°
62419JjK^o^!1 * p 249
62420K... ) v^\» ,
62421.joot
62422^otok-./ |3oAO^| ^*t^ «o
62423JJ^o>
62424\flD;o«JO-flO>
62425jj-aj-s;
62426);o«
62427"^_^.^oo .-^
62428^s'fco
62429J^JSu
62430y^\
62431^-oot
62432y~-U r^04-3 ? U
62433!**
62434-3
62435^
62436jootl
62437Jlkj/j oou/
62438.')jl-V\
62439;•;
62440jJjoA1
624413 .j.^Laa
62442^jxh
62443..J^cu^co
62444J^x-^o;
62445yO^a-mJ;
62446o>';j
62447jJ
62448,4J^CL^yfl «JOS
624491
62450.jJ
62451o/
62452Outtl;
62453^o*;j
62454vj
62455-.J-^s^s
62456öft-a.^
62457jLio
62458J1o*^jl^ v/
62459jJ/ .)V^A vo>^i
62460jJ
62461.vn^po
62462]~*V». ^
62463.Jr^o
62464p
62465ötioi. oolo .Jla^^
62466vonaj^flol;
62467.JIosIqjus;
62468ooi pö\
62469^.;
62470\±^)
62471.J-U>;
62472ooioi .va3i.niimvi..V)
62473JJ; JJ^j "'^^e U^co
62474vOT
62475. mi
62476i
62477JJ;
62478-.voljl ötlo^
62479v
62480/
62481..JJü; f^]o&-j |^?
62482-6i
62483J>-~1
62484JKxicu.oUo JIM?
62485oou/ *'lpJxA;
62486JJJoa
62487Jj>;J1;
62488Jiio,^
62489^o';j
62490jJ
62491.
624924 |^a^fco ^jos
624931
62494.JJ
62495o/
62496,J^oa^>
62497ojjs j/J^ ovaUj
62498^>';J
62499.Jt^oCSss jlosloA
62500,-äo o-xol;
62501Jr*Oo
62502)oC5s tCSI«;
62503jlNjjJ
62504^^^^-Jot ö&
62505u>»;
62506Ji^k-JJ
62507..n'..U [ju.]«aieu J*n »v> ^ioo .J^oo-.
62508oöi ^)o,-o
62509^-io ^-»^U
62510;><V*>J-;
62511Jo£m
62512lpo;o )v^j
62513I. p
62514iÄ>o|I.a.»4,
62515t»a»-o
62516I-lso^,?. _
625172.
62518I'
62519u»oioiafiov _
625203. Instead
62521of
62522the
62523following P has o'w
62524U|a»
62525omoll.a.io-4,» U=*i 0010
62526p (*-vi~v —
62527\.
62528In
62529red.
62530of coiifirmatiun \ve have also adduced the answers of the blessed and saintly
62531Timothy,
62532the great bishop of Alexandria, who was at the time of the synod
62533of the
62534150 bishops,
62535which
62536in giviug instruction
62537011 such
62538matters write
62539for
62540us in agreemeut with the
62541apostles, and on
62542the
62543present
62544point enjoin
62545as
62546fol-
62547lows
62548:
62549Question
62550V;
62551if a woman be with
62552her husband
62553at
62554night, whether she
62555ought to receive or not.
62556Answer.
62557« They ought not to receive immediately,
62558since the
62559apostle
62560cries
62561:
62562'Deprive not one another, unless
62563it be by consent
62564for a time'
62565(by
62566time' he means that which
62567is occupied
62568with communion),
62569'that ye may devote
62570yourselves
62571to
62572prayer, and come together
62573again,
62574lest
62575Satan tempt von
62576concerning the
62577lust of incontinence '
62578»
62579: and again
62580: Ques-
62581tion
62582VII;
62583if
62584a
62585believing woman
62586see
62587that which
62588is
62589customary among wo-
62590men,
62591whether
62592she ought
62593to
62594approach
62595the
62596mysteries
62597on the same day,
62598or
62599not.
62600Answer.
62601« A
62602religious woman
62603therefore who
62604is
62605about
62606to
62607receive
62608of the
62609divine communion ought
62610to
62611prepare
62612herseif beforehand before
62613that
62614day, and abstain from
62615the lawful couch,
62616in honour of the body and blood
62617of God
62618»
62619'
62620.
626211. P. G., XXXIII, 1300.
p. 344
62622LIV
6262382 v\
62624332
62625LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
62626[160]
62627•.• 2 Hoijj|
62628^ «*>
626291. Ms. t^vi^i». _
626302. Ms.
62631U^.oo/- —
626323.
62633Ms.
62634&»(• —
626354.
62636Ms.
62637*»• —
626385.
62639Here
62640tlie
62641text
62642breaks
62643ofT in
62644consequence of the loss of a leaf or moie.
62645LIV.
62646FROM
62647THE
62648LETTER
62649OF THE HOLY SeVERUS,
62650PATRIARCH
62651OF AnTIOCH, TO
62652Caesaria the hypatissa, the beginning of which
62653is « The words that were
62654uddressed
62655to me by your God-loving highness
62656».
62657[The order of Service
62658of me,
62659Severus,
62660in
62661Palestine and
62662in Antioch they
62663continue to sing even down
62664to this day.
62665The
62666officc
62667{
62668.
62669519-38.
62670The service of night and evening]
626712
62672.
62673But
62674I wish your God-loving highness
62675to know that the order of hymns and ödes has been preserved
62676in one form
62677among the Egyptians,
62678in another among the Palestinians and Phoenicians,
62679and in another among the Syrians, according
62680to the custom that
62681has been
62682lianded down l'rom the beginning in each of the regions
626838
626841.
62685äxoXo-jOia. —
626862. The fragment down
62687to
62688this point can hardly belong
62689to a
62690letter
62691of
62692Sev., and
62693is
62694probably a gloss. — Ar x>t'[j.a. Here the ms. breaks
62695otf.
p. 345
62696[161]
62697LV. - TO CAESARIA.
62698333
62699:vjjc\
62700^.Hjäx^
62701(sie)
62702%^nil
62703> fYi*7iflocn ^
62704.rsTnardfio
62705rtiiWti
62706^lv
62707vla^o
627083^1| ?
62709Jjl-^
62710JJIä;
62711JNisJbo '«^a* -.J^* ^j ^^o
62712J^uas ju/
62713i+x
62714Joi^jJ ^1« ?
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62716^o^ojo)!; ..v-^opo/ .K^ooJ./
62717. Jv-=^ oöi
62718J^;J^>
62719juoj ^o
62720• <5:^^
62721k-^-
627220/ x^& ^°t° ^°
62723°*
62724iaiaJ ?
62725V-*>|
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62727}-io/ ^A
62728oot po .Juojj
62729001 "^f
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62731po/o
62732.jl^>«
62733.vkO-^sJL
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62738i v> .01
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62740U^Jsa^J
62741^.otiCLiio
62742^.j
62743! ^oJho JKjL*i
62744Jood ^ij
62745».^s*
62746JoiSs
62747Jlij
62748JJo
6274918't V
62750a.
627511. Ms.
62752v».-vi-*. _
627532. Ms. C^a^/v —
62754:i. Ms. *jßM*>; see above.
62755LV.
62756Of THE HOLY SeVERUS FROM THE 21
62757st HYPOMNESTIKON* TO CaESARIA
62758THE
62759HYPATISSA.
62760But,
62761as
62762to
62763the
62764kings, hear
62765a
62766story
62767of the
62768holy old
62769meii
62770tliat has
62771been
62772519-38.
62773transmitted and has come down
62774to us.
62775They said
62776that
62777the religious king
62778Theodosius sent someone secretly to father Nisthora' the God-clad old man,
62779begging of him to pray that a male child might be given him
62780:
62781and,
62782011 the
62783day on which the messenger reached his
62784cell
62785in the desert,
62786it happened that
62787that old man died two or
62788three hours before; and, when that man knocked
62789at the door, immediately the old man rose up and sat down aecording to his
62790custom to make a rope
627912 of palm-leaves; and he said to his disciple,
62792« Bring
62793in the man who knocked
62794»
62795: and when he came in he said to him,
62796« Say to
62797Theodosius,
62798'Because God loves you,
62799he
62800will
62801not give you
62802a
62803malakion; for
62804after your reign the
62805faith
62806shall
62807be
62808corrupted,
62809and
62810the
62811faith
62812of
62813Nestorius
62814shall prevail, and God does not wish the evil to be done through your seed' »
62815(The Egyptians call a male infant malakion, as the Byzantines call
62816it philika-
628171. P. G., LX\\ 305; Jo. Cass., Conl.
62818xiv. xv. —
628192.
62820<j£ipi.
p. 346
62821LVI
62822F 54 v".
62823334
62824LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
62825[162]
62826ool
62827•J^a^v
62828oöt
62829^.^lj ^o
62830.yO^.', n «\ B
62831L^jjä.=>i
62832)jp|
62833-J't-3?
62834).joou^S.^CS.
628351 1
62836»
62837^l
62838JioK.ÄLj
62839Ls/ — ..i
62840)joi
62841JoC^s
62842ta\
62843w>il»o
62844,v^l3l.jlo
62845) ^tr>
62846oöi
62847-c&»sx/
62848jjjoiai»
62849K../
62850U_-,-o
62851(.JLcDi JKj^jJU Lifo ^o Jj^Aj^a;
62852J.ia~./ -Jooi
62853^.oiofcv-./
62854t_^OJ;
62855L.po
62856jJ
62857• Jt-«—/
62858J-»Qf» n\>
62859v£oo;ouo_CD;
62860,\*3<3|
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62867Jioio
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62869liaj
62870^\qj
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62872o/
62873.-J Jb j^L^o
62874oöi
62875r--«--^ Jßo-.'^a\
62876.^.o_« )i.mi
62877ooi
62878,)jl^^6
62879\o|J;
62880otK^ocL^so .opo/
62881aio,ja
62882K-»|~n .» <y>
62883.K^.^o
62884oulX|_3
62885JJ *
62886,^.oio^/
62887>o,-o
62888^_i>oo
62889.«—^coLl/
62890, <n n
62891vs/
62892J'O-^j
62893duTun
62894(sie) jwna
62895.coLt\
62896rsfLvpa
62897r^ivUin
62898*1\.t\
62899r^ua-in
62900r^3\ i u *73\J>3
62901\^»lx
62902^i^aujb
62903t^irtVf^m
62904r^aen*
62905.»Jvinr^
62906y-K.
62907'Xyi
62908\ %
62909i « iS
62910yOoC^J> ^o*
62911oöi :)»mo
62912)oi\JJ
62913J)a— io
62914IdlV^ö
62915oöi
62916t-»o;
62917JLi_.pö*
62918JJ-*^00
62919L^-^
62920yo^
62921:.
62922,»i,r>j
62923^_»lVl
62924_oia^i.
62925^*;j/
62926^ol*. ^
62927:)ooi
62928r/o//)
62929: and, wlion that man liad gone out, that old man again lay down and
62930feil asleep and departed to God.
62931This father Nisthora was a celebrated man,
62932so that his words are recorded in several of the books which contain tales of
62933the holy old meii.
62934So long therefore as the synod of Chalcedon
62935is in force,
62936it
62937is impossible for a hing to heget sons',
62938or,
62939if he heget one,
62940to leave
62941the
62942kingdom to his son. And this was both foretold bv those holy men, and in the
62943days of Leo the
62944king
62945proved by
62946experience
62947:
62948for
62949Leontarius
62950the younger
62951was actually created Caesar, and died an untimely death before his father
629522
62953.
62954Vainly therefore does he err who deeeives himself.
62955LVI. — Of Mar Severus to
62956Caesaria the
62957hypatissa,
62958bv way or defence for
62959HIS OWN FEAR
62960AND
62961TIMIDITY,
62962AND
62963THAT
62964TO
62965FEAR
62966YVHEN'
62967IT
62968HAS
62969HAPPENED
62970THAT
62971TRIALS
62972BESET
62973US WORKS
62974A REWARD AND
62975IS
62976A MARK
62977OF LOYE
62978OF GoD.
629795io(?).
62980David
62981that king and lover of God and
62982prophet, who was more humble
62983than
62984all men, when Saul had twice armed himself against
62985him, with
62986niany
629871. This passago
62988is quoted by John
62989of Nikiu, Noliccs
62990et
62991extraits des
62992mss., XXIY,
62993i.
62994564,
62995581.
62996The
62997words which
62998l'ollow on p. 581 are quile different
62999l'rom our text, and are perh.
63000not pari
63001of Ihe citation.
63002I owe the
63003ref. to M. Nau.
63004Cf. also
63005ibid.,
63006p. 502. —
630072. If Leo's grandson
63008is meant, Ulis
63009is false.
p. 347
63010[163]
63011I.V1. — TO CAESARIA.
63012335
63013M<H-^ol ojoKa/
63014;o ..\
63015-> a^ -.yo^
63016Jj>-=> +*^l
63017^so
63018:Jl*fcofcoo
63019J-J*_3o
63020JL^I-s
63021^oiq^Ow
63022^-;j/j
63023ook»
63024»3/
63025jl/
63026:o£^
63027Joe*
63028V-t-*!
63029061
63030v£Dojo,jl^>
63031^io
63032^.cxobsJs
63033sca—
63034JS^.)Ljlj/
63035feoa.~i
63036Joot
63037-otok-./
63038j^io -ota-^^oj;
63039-cx»o
63040:wjlJl3
63041Jloia^Jjo
63042)i.oi\ « mv>;
63043-."^-qji
63044J_iot ^~./>
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63046*o]
63047^[t-]-30 -o«^ ^" "^
63048jus/
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63050<--\oi ^-'^=^ IJ^Cao
63051»-.o;
63052^euoo
63053.~ «[*-/] ^*>
63054)lo_JL_ia-oi_s
63055vju^o
63056^.io ts^jl^ww«
63057[s*6(
63058^»],J*oi
63059JL001
63060öv..K_./ "^.«joi
63061Jjl-./
63062pojl
63063^aiw'o
63064Joot
63065[oJL-A.]äo ^-Aoi ^-./;j
63066oö«
63067^.o;
63068la£>>
63069>s/;
63070JjJ^/
63071:)-t-Ä>)-o
630721.
63073jis. *;*>». — 2. The space seems to need a longer word. LXX £x x^f'Z a-Jzm. — 3. Ms.
63074<^>:i-
63075thousands
63076of armed men and warlike
63077sohliers,
63078and,
63079after being in
63080a way
63081caught, he not only escaped in a marvellous manner from the danger
63082' which
63083surrounded him, but even captured with
63084bis hands the man who bad armed
63085himself against him, and he had it in his power to kill him, mercifully spared
63086him twice,
63087that enemy and murderer who was
63088so
63089- ferociously
63090set against
63091him.
63092And
63093yet,
63094[after] he had received such an experience of God's Support
63095and protection, hear what kind of things he meditates and says
63096[in] his mind
63097when he
63098is debating with
63099himself.
63100« And David said
63101in
63102his heart,
63103' Now
63104shall
63105I
63106[be
63107delivered] one day into Saubs hands and there
63108is nothing good
63109for me, unless
63110I escape
63111to the land of aliens, and Saul cease
63112searching
63113for
63114me through
63115the
63116whole
63117border
63118of
63119Israel,
63120and
63121I
63122escape
63123from
63124his
63125[hand]
63126'.
63127And David arose and the 600 men who were with him; and he went to Achish
63128son
63129of Maacah, [King of Gath]; and David
63130settled with Achish
63131in Gath he
63132and
63133his men
63134»
631352
63136.
63137Where therefore was then Caesaria the strongest
63138of all
63139persons
63140in
63141faith,
63142in order that she might have said
63143to David
63144also who was
63145[meditating] and doing such things,
63146« Whither flee you,
63147prophet?
63148Rather
631493
631501.
63151xivSuvo«. —
631522.
63153I Reg., XXVII,
631541-3. — 3.
63155[iäXXov.
p. 348
63156336
63157LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
63158[164]
63159oc*2\
63160.y, \
63161.;
63162J~.^.J-s ^\» |o
63163^K-sjoa;
63164«ö|
63165.jouSSj
63166)J^nm..[aoo|
63167J-o-A
63168i~.rN-.io
63169.*>-s
63170qh'nI/
63171)l[ojacu]et
63172JJ;
63173j.Hxv»
63174•)[
63175-^ |.aaoo
63176J;o..q..cd
63177)—o^
63178KjJ ..../;
63179^.-^»ot
63180jhä y^ vt^^! ^ ^j/
63181i-a^xo-io *JLf^a
63182>*^.s/;
63183yoot^ii^ö/
63184^.)
63185, ^co; ..^^.io/;
63186Jj/
63187JLlLia_.oOo
63188Jj/; ^Aoo, .-Kj/
63189Vio>io
63190j.Ju.«.A
63191..vooi^.;
63192J^o*>^
63193yOOiX nN J-.p° V^-J -J-'po yOj|
63194x>o*,_Sü vOOl^O ^ioo .-JiASlJ;
63195.
63196>\ot
63197l0L^ vOt^l
63198)) H\;
63199JKjLäJ
63200|~>V^°
63201«xtovsu
63202ooLo .^LKj
63203JJ
63204yOOULiO ^o
63205)K ;: axl;
63206Jl. « «,.\
63207J.j/
63208^»~« >^*3j;/ u\<o
63209>»l'»-a w^-aa* .»~.o»
63210)ooi
63211*pö/ ^s^soi
63212oöt .-^40»
63213joj^JJ Ul ^t—°
63214JJ/
63215.>.^i\i
63216j-»k-«
63217.-'t^ö?;/ ^üo»
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63231»s/;
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63233-.JÜuJ
63234^-bo;
63235^^^ P ^"^ vj
63236-v?»
63237"
63238>
63239.N|1
63240°^>
63241« n i\M;
63242^.-.\oi
63243^_io
63244yo+Sßo
63245.- v n>o\».'i
632461. Ms. ^vt/. _ 2. Ms. om.
63247you
63248are
63249forgetting God's
63250[high
63251and] constant right band, which
63252saved you
63253and delivered that adversary and foeman into your hands, faithless thoughts
63254have gained control
63255of you
63256»; and,
63257« The land
63258ot' the
63259mightiness
63260of
63261that
63262Exalted one
63263is more worthy of confidence
63264for your
63265protection than
63266that
63267of
63268Achish the barbarian.
63269It seems
63270to nie that the words escape your memory
63271which you yourself ... sing by the Holy Spirit, which,
63272I believe, run
63273: 'Many
63274are the tribulations
63275of tlie righteous, and the Lord
63276will
63277deliver them out of
63278tliem
63279all.
63280Tlie Lord preserveth all their bones, and not one
63281of them shall be
63282broken'
63283; and again, 'The Lord will deliver the souls of his own bondmen'
63284' »
63285?
63286In
63287answer
63288to
63289these
63290things David would
63291say,
63292«
63293Listen, my
63294daughter, and
63295incline
63296tliine
63297ear'
632982
63299.
633001 know
63301the
63302purport
63303of the
63304Spiritual
63305songs that were
63306sung by me better than you
63307: but
633081
63309also know
63310the God of
63311all, who beyond
63312all hope snatches his own peculiar bondmen out of all dangers
633133
63314, and again,
63315exercising them, also leaves them to adopt plans derived from human thoughts,
63316and weapons drawn from nature,
63317in order that they may also flee and choose
63318to suffer everything, and not betray God, and do aught that distresses him.
63319lf we trusted to
63320his
63321lielp and were incapable
63322of
63323falling,
63324not weakening
63325in
633261. Ps. XXXIII,
6332720,
6332821,
6332923. —
633302-
63331Id., XLIV,
6333211. —
633333.
63334xivSuvoi.
p. 349
63335[165]
63336I.VI. — TO CA.ESARIA.
63337337
63338'^juaj ^io ye^o JW
63339*3
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63392001
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63446061 vjooa^as
634471. Ms.
63448ins.
63449f3
63450-
63451anything of ourselves or contributing anything, the virtue would
63452In- without
63453reward; or rather' there would be
63454110 room
63455at
63456all to perform anything what-
63457ever,
63458or to show any kind of success
63459».
63460For
63461this
63462reason
63463therefore
63464Moses She
63465great was
63466afraid
63467of the
63468king
63469of
63470Egypt and
63471fled, and became a sojourner in the land of Midian for 40 years,.
63472and again he returned to Egypt, and
63473transfers the fear to the king, and he
63474chastised that obstinate and disobedient man with plagues by means of the
63475marvellous
63476signs.
63477[And
63478the
63479one] was
63480the
63481effect
63482of the
63483virtue
63484of Moses,
63485that
63486is
63487[the
63488affair]
63489of the
63490flight
63491by which
63492he
63493fled,
63494in
63495order to
63496bring
63497jnst
63498help
63499to
63500his countrymen who were being oppressed,
63501while
63502the
63503other was
63504the effect of the mightiness of God,
63505the display of the great wonders.
63506And
63507Elijah the
63508prophet,
63509fearing the
63510threat of Jezebel,
63511the wife
63512of that
63513prodigal
635142 and impious
63515man, was
63516a
63517fugitive,
63518he who bound the
63519clouds
63520for
63521three years and six months, and dried up the land with drought, and again
63522by a word brought down rain.
63523But Paul also, the great in
63524signs and won-
63525ders, was let down from the wall in a basket
635263 by the disciples in Damascus
635271.
63528[iöc),Xov. —
63529"2. auiüio;. —
635303.
63531snupioa.
p. 350
63532LVII
63533H 32 r°.
63534338
63535LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
63536[166]
63537.^.ot^Job^-^üj*
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63609jj»o_«l
636101. Ms. |^iov-v»o. —
636112. Ms. «^
63612»•«•
63613and
63614fled, when the Jews wanted to
63615kill hiin; and tliose who took pleasure in
63616hearing
63617his teaching did not
63618say,
63619«
63620Let the teacher
63621stay with us
63622that avc
63623may
63624hear
63625his
63626very pleasant
63627exposition, by means
63628of which
63629he causes the
63630venomous
63631reptiles to flee
63632like a stag
63633»
63634(I mean the dcmons and
63635evil
63636spirits
63637that are envious and
63638hostile against the
63639salvation
63640of raen).
63641(After other
63642things).
63643And the Lord
63644also,
63645the Giver of powers,
63646not being
63647a teacher of timidity,
63648said,
63649« When they persecute you
63650in this
63651city,
63652flee ye
63653to another »
63654', wishing us
63655not to
63656trust in our own
63657strength, but ratlier
636582 be
63659anxious about such things,
63660and, when at his permission
63661conditions of
63662trial
63663beset us,
63664then indeed
63665\ve must fight bravely.
63666LVII. — Or tue blessed Mar Severus, concerning Ordination
636673
63668.
63669The test of true Ordination
636701
63671is not the matter of the see, but holding the
63672right faith in God.
636731. Matth., x,
6367423. —
636752.
63676(läXXov. —
636773. yeipotovta.
p. 351
63678LIX
63679N
63680203 v°
63681p167]
63682LIX.
63683- TO ANDREW TUE PRESBYTER.
63684339
636851 vrdxjxo
63686rsfrsfn-xirsf
63687&c\1t\ ^
63688oil^J ^
63689,^.;
63690)jojo
63691.JL-V^»
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63694^_ie>
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63696..
636973 Jjl*ä-j^>
63698Jv-»
63699>*->
63700I.X
63701F
6370224 V.
637031. Four extracts follow,
63704of which the first
637053 can be
63706identiiied in the
63707letter
63708to
63709Photius and Andrew
63710(S.
63711L.,
63712i,
6371360).
63714The
63715last,
63716here given, must belong
63717to the lacuna (p.
63718210) or the lost end
63719of the
63720letter.
63721_
637222. Ms. "»o» (so abbr.). —
637233. Ms. U*^ ;=
63724LVIII. — To
63725Zenobius'.
63726But he who
63727is lacking in wisdom and virtue is under blame; and he who
63728r,i3-s.
63729is under blame
63730is under sin.
63731LIX.
63732FrOM THE LETTER TO ANDREW THE PRESBYTER".
63733For the mind that
63734is burdened by the
63735dull weight
63736of demons does not
637375,19-38.
63738receive the spiritual
63739first word.
63740LX. — Of Mar Severus from the letter to John archimandrite
63741of the house of Mar Hananya.
63742When
63743I learned that
63744the presbyter and archimandrite Beronician
63745(?)
637463 of
63747saintly memory had departed and migrated to the heavenly mansions, partly
63748from outside report, and partly from bis revered letter, which at bis decease
637491.
63750S. L.,
63751p.
63752'.7'.. —
63753-2.
63754Id.,
637551, 60
63756: see note
63757on
63758(ext. —
637593.
63760Cf.
63761S. V. N. C, IX,
63762738, where
63763a Greek
63764fragment of a
63765letter to
63766Beronician
63767is published.
63768The ms.
63769here has 'Bar Nikiya'.
63770patr.
63771or. —
63772T.
63773XII. —
63774f.
63775>.
6377623
p. 352
63777340
63778LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
63779[168]
63780ftoÖ, o/o
63781.jL^OOt-äCL^.
63782)'f^ y°-^
63783-k-«-^U
63784«J-X.>»
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63793I)
63794in; v-
63795b.
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63797rsfnardas rdx/\j37\
63798117
63799p
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63803ooi
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63832y£Oov^-3
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63838);oi ^i.o
63839.J^jjs
63840ooi
63841Kj/;
63842.•J-fc—
63843)oi^X;
63844oi}^»
638451. Ms.
63846«wa»»V-3-
63847he
63848left
63849for me
63850as
63851a Messing
638521
63853, which
63854is truly
63855füll of all
63856spiritual blessing,
63857then
63858I was distressed and my heart gave me
63859bitter pain; and not only did
63860I
63861lament
63862for
63863Ins decease,
63864but
63865I
63866also
63867lifted the
63868eyes
63869of my mind together
63870with my body upwards, and lifted np my voice to him, as to one who hears
63871and
63872perceives;
63873for indeed he
63874does
63875even
63876perceive
63877the
63878truth,
63879« My
63880father,
63881my father, the chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof » 2
63882.
63883LXI.
63884Ol
63885THE
63886II0LY SeVEHUS THE PATRIARCH, A LETTER TO THE
63887HOLY CONVENTS OF VIRGINS OF CHRIST.
63888An identical copy
63889' to each one of them.
63890519-25.
63891That a church is a confession of right faith no one who is reckoned among
63892Christians and has understanding doubts, since the Lord plainly said
63893in the
63894Gospels to the divine Peter, the
63895first of the apostles, when he made the con-
63896fession,
63897« Thou art Christ,
63898the Son
63899of the living God
63900»,
63901« Thon art Ccplias,
63902and lipon this rock will
63903I build my church, and the gates of Sheol shall not
639041.
63905I.
63906f.,
63907a
63908present (representing eOWyia). —
639092. IV
63910lies;., n,
6391112; xm,
6391214. —
63913:!.
63914üaov.
p. 353
63915[169]
63916LXI. — TO TUR CONVENTS OF VIRGINS.
6391734i
63918Y—l»
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64044'^_k__oi
64045ooi
64046__.,_3
64047•.*»-*>/
640481. Ms.
64049o.^.. —
640502. Ms
64051prevail against it »
64052'
64053; and he called the firmness and fixity of such a confession
64054a rock.
64055And,
64056as speech knows
64057a
64058right
64059and sound
64060opinion on
64061faith
64062as a
64063church,
64064so
64065it also knows
64066the helievers who
64067confess
64068it as a
64069church.
64070And
64071David the wonderful among prophets, depicting
64072this church beforehand as
64073a queen and
64074a virgin clad
64075in various kinds of flowers and
64076in
64077royal
64078excel-
64079leacies, and for this reason
64080all the more and" in loving fashion espoused to
64081the
64082king,
64083and
64084gathering many
64085virgin
64086souls,
64087and
64088attracting tliem
64089to
64090her
64091pattern and the example
64092of her chaste
64093life,
64094said,
64095« Virgins
64096shall go to
64097the
64098king after her
64099»
641003
64101.
64102You also therefore showed by your writings and
64103acts,
64104after choosing the
64105virgin
64106and
64107angelic
64108life,
64109that
64110is
64111free
64112from
64113all
64114material
64115things,
64116that you
64117are Walking
64118after the queen and
64119first virgin,
64120the church.
64121See therefore
64122that you
64123turn
64124not your looks
64125away,
64126but
64127witli
64128all
64129diligence
64130look intently and
64131securely and
64132fixedly
64133at
64134her, and
64135cleave
64136to
64137her,
64138in order
64139that, being hard by, you may enter the king's temple, which
64140is the expected
64141rest,
64142and
64143the
64144suprasensual
64145bridal-chamber,
64146concerning
64147which
64148the
64149same
64150prophet again said, « Holy is thy temple, and wonderful in righteousness
64151»
64152'
64153:
641541. Matth., xvi,
6415516,
6415618. —
641572. This
64158is perh. corrupt. —
641593. Ps. xliv.
6416015. —
64161i.
64162Id.,
64163i.xiy.
64164:,.
641656.
64166117 r
64167l>.
64168117
64169v°
64170a.
p. 354
64171117 v"
641721j
64173342
64174LETTERS OF SEVERUS.
64175[170J
64176yJLOCUfcJ
64177jlovi
64178. ffl-a
64179-.J..soot-.;
64180)Kx^3.jl
64181OU—iO-.
641821<X^
64183^--i«*-~ P
64184vOt^
64185)-10
64186^a^io
64187j'^og
64188|Iq_.qjl^i
64189J^a^l^cl^
64190t.3
64191-.^slaSiaj
64192w—3liJ,>
64193jood ^\oi .^a^i^.
64194)^a:*i\
64195-.) n
64196.
64197..i
64198J;ot r--^ t-3 .JL~..sa*. lw.il Jloivi .ot;
64199Jlia-£j w^
64200.-w»fcwj/
64201laS.
64202^ÜlaL "^wOOI
64203JJ
64204....T V>
64205JJ
64206.iOJJLM
64207} ... * V)
64208^-iO
64209^£0.^1
64210w-i6
64211vw./
64212•
64213r \ imf
64214J.ASwia3j
64215jfcw9LflDolo
64216.w»w»£w\)
64217J-iL~;
64218)r.1«l3
64219w...;
64220wJwwflOill/
64221.jl^cLv.
64222)
64223i->
64224../
64225)
64226i rtOVs 3^
64227) in
64228.
64229ffr.
64230I
64231Na.^ _,, ^Kj
64232.^JL*viO;
64233J^O
64234w-iO
64235^-.K-.
64236J-OQjta»
64237) n
64238..<v
64239t -s«
64240.
64241>A
64242^.^1
64243. >wi_»» w^Äo
64244kw.JLw\i
64245wiö ^\ok>
64246,oj a .'mvi\
64247^ojj;
64248w-A-./
64249.
64250.^N«N-
64251^.j
64252>oa-. ^o
64253.w.k-./
64254Jlwooö
64255jJo
64256Ka^^JLio
64257Jfcs-oöf-so
64258l. Ms. ^teHH. —
642592. Ms.
64260^i^-vijo,
64261])ul a
642622'"' "^ seems
64263to have been erased.
64264For
64265it excites wonder as something
64266lioly and raised above earthly deeds and
64267tho.ugb.ts,
64268and
64269it cannot
64270be
64271expressed and explained
64272in words, but shows
64273by experience
64274to tbose who
64275are worthy what manner
64276of thing
64277it
64278is;
64279und,
64280looking at the
64281])Ountiful
64282rigbt hand of
64283tlie Giver, they will
64284say,
64285« Pleasure
64286is in thy
64287right band for
64288ever
64289»
64290'
64291.
64292These things may your
64293chastities
64294find,
64295sliowing as you do the lamp of asceticism in
64296its brightness, through keeping
64297the orthodox
64298faith;
64299for, when this
64300is absent, the lamp inasmuch
64301as
64302it lacks
64303oil
64304cannot
64305give
64306light 2
64307.
64308Be
64309not
64310tberefore
64311remiss
64312in
64313labours,
64314but
64315sustain
64316yourselves on the hope of the future
64317life, and look for a reward to be added
64318to the now
64319existing troubles, and ask
64320the God
64321of
64322all not to allow us to be
64323tried beyond what we can
64324bear,
64325but with
64326the
64327trial
64328to
64329give
64330also a way of
64331escape, that we may be able to endure
643323
64333.
64334And these things we have written
64335in few words, being as we are
64336at
64337a distance and
64338in varying and unwonted
64339places; but every day we are with you in spirit, and speak similar words.
64340\
643411.
64342Ps. xv,
6434311. —
643442. Malth..
64345x\v, 1-12. — 3.
64346I Cor.,
64347x,
6434813.
p. 355
64349MOUFAZZAL IBN ABIL-FAZAIL
64350HISTOIRE DES SULTANS MAMLOUKS
64351TEXTE
64352ARABE
64353PUBLIE
64354ET
64355TRABUIT
64356EN
64357FRANCAIS
64358PAR
64359E. BLOCHET
64360PATR.
64361OR. —
64362T.
64363XII. — FASC.
643643.
6436524
p. 356
p. 357
64366INTRODUCTION
64367L'ouvrage historique arabe dont je public
64368le texte
64369et
64370la traduction dans
64371la
64372Patrologie
64373Orientale
64374m'est connu
64375par un
64376seul
64377manuscrit, que
64378j'ai
64379toutes
64380les raisons
64381de
64382croire
64383unique.
64384II
64385porte aujourd'bui
64386le
64387nuraero 4525 dans
64388le
64389l'onds arabe de
64390la Bibliotheque Nationale,
64391ä laquelle
64392il appartient depuis
64393le
64394regne
64395de Louis XIV,
64396apres avoir
64397fait partie du cabinet de Colbert, comme
64398l'indique assez
64399la
64400note
64401suivante,
64402ecrite de
64403la main de Baluze, au
64404recto
64405de
64406son dernier feuillet
64407:
64408« Codex iste in bibliothecam Colbertinam ex Oriente delatus
64409est anno MDCLXXV. Steph.
64410Baluzius
64411». Ge manuscrit forme un volume
64412in-
64413quarto,
64414assez compact,
64415le
64416papier qu'on employait
64417ä l'epoque
64418de
64419sa
64420copie
64421etant tres epais,
64422de
64423"270
64424leuillets,
64425revetu
64426d'une mediocre
64427reliure
64428Orientale,
64429qui
64430a
64431ete raccommodee plusieurs fois, tant en Orient que par
64432les soins de la
64433Bibliotheque Nationale,
64434et
64435qui
64436ne presente aucun
64437caractere.
64438Je
64439reviendrai
64440bientöt sur
64441les
64442caracteristiques
64443de
64444cet ouvrage,
64445et
64446sur certaines particula-
64447rites curieuses de son execution.
64448Le manuscrit arabe 4525 contient un bon resume, son auteur lui-meme
64449le
64450qualifie
64451de j-äxt*
64452',
64453de
64454l'histoire
64455de
64456l'Egypte
64457sous
64458le
64459regne
64460des
64461premiers
64462sultans mamlouks
644632 de la dynastie des Bahris,
64464depuis l'avenement d'al-Malik
644651. Au
64466folio
64467157
64468v°;
64469on
64470lit dans
64471utie
64472note
64473ä demi
64474rongee
64475du
64476folio
644771
64478r°,
64479au
64480point
64481que
64482le nom de l'auteur a presque disparu
64483:
64484aj". jic
64485ga-Mt
64486.Wjjjj
64487»*äs^!
64488J«*JI i-^J
64489a*ä=^
64490i.^2 4i>j U^c J,Uj' ii!l ^äc
64491JjLaäJl
64492j|
64493yi\
64494J-jai». La restriction d'apres laquelle cette
64495lüstoire na pas ete öcrite pour le public ne doit pas faire illusion, etc'est lä une modestie
64496affectee. Dans la preface de son dictionnaire biographique, Ibn Khallikan dit aussi qu'il
64497l'a redige pour son usage personnel, mais
64498il est bien evident qu'il n'en faut rien croire.
64499II convient de ne pas attribuer plus d'importance ä J'affirmation courante chez les auteurs
64500musulmans qu'ils n'ont compose leurs ouvrages que pour repondre aux supplications de
64501leurs amis.
645022. Ces sultans mamlouks faisaient primitivement partie d'une milice qui, imprudem-
p. 358
64503346
64504INTRODUCTION.
64505[4]
64506az-Zahir Bai'bars,
64507en 1260,
64508jusqu'ä la mort d'al-Malik an-Nasir Mohammad,
64509fils d'al-Malik al-Mansour Kalaoun, qui survint en l'annee 1341, avec quel-
64510ques
64511additions
64512qui
64513s'etendent
64514jusqu'en
645151349.
64516Son
64517auteur,
64518Moufazzal
64519ibn
64520ment
64521constituee au Caire par al-Malik as-Salih Nadjm ad-Din Ayyoub,
64522se
64523transforma
64524bientöt en une bände de pretoriens qui
64525dicterent leurs volontes ä leurs maitres,
64526et fini-
64527rent par
64528les
64529renverser.
64530Ils emprunterent
64531leurs
64532titres formes avec Malik aux Ayyou-
64533bites,
64534qui,
64535eux-memes,
64536les tenaient
64537des
64538vizirs
64539des
64540khalifes
64541fatimites.
64542Ce
64543fut
64544quand
64545Saladin
64546s'imposa comme
64547vizir au
64548khalife
64549al- "Adid li-din Allah qu'il prit
64550le
64551titre
64552d'al-
64553Malik an-Nasir. Ces mamlouks se recrutaient par achat dans le pays turk, tant dans le
64554Kiptchak
64555qu'en Asie centrale;
64556ils etaient de
64557race mongole
64558et turke,
64559et
64560se rattachaient
64561aux Huns, aux Ibir, aux Sibir, qui dominerent en Asie centrale jusqu'ä l'hegemonie des
64562Turks,
64563lesquels,
64564ä
64565leur
64566tour,
64567furent
64568supplantes
64569par
64570les
64571Tonghouzes mandchous du
64572Kara-Khital,
64573et
64574par
64575les
64576Mongols.
64577II y
64578avait des
64579Tonghouzes du
64580Kara-Khitai'
64581parmi
64582ces mamlouks
64583egyptiens,
64584tels
64585l'historien
64586Bai'bars
64587et Kushtoghdi
64588(la
64589nuit
64590s'est
64591levee)
64592c-SU^I
64593^cJj^ii"
64594(fol.
64595186
64596r°),
64597ainsi que des Mongols
64598(fol.
6459968
64600r°, 70 r°, 73 v°).
64601C'est sous le regne de la dynastie des Wei', en 545, que les historiens chinois parlent
64602pour la prcmiere
64603fois des Turks, qui formerent un petit royaume, dont
64604ils transcrivent
64605le nom sous
64606la forme A-sheu-na, au
64607S. du Kin-shan, de
64608l'Altai. Les
64609Chinois affirment
64610que les Turks appartiennent ä la grande famille altaique
64611; sous la premiere dynastie des
64612Hia (Thoung-kian-kang-moti, chap. 32, pages 62
64613et 63), cette nation se nommait Hiun-
64614yu, sous
64615les Shang,
64616Kouei'-fang,
64617sous
64618les Tcheou,
64619Hien-yun,
64620sous
64621les
64622Han,
64623Hioung-
64624nou,
64625sous
64626les Wei et les Thang, Thou-kiue,
64627soit Turks, sous les Soung,
64628Khitan. Les
64629Hioung-nou, Variante des noms beaucoup plus anciens de Hiun-yu, Hien-yun, qui, avec
64630le zend Hyaona
64631et
64632le grec Ouwoi, renvoient ä une forme
64633altaique Hounyou, Hounnou,
64634Hyounou, furent tres puissants, dit le precis historique chinois, puis
64635ils s'aifaiblirent, et
64636les Ou-houan, ou Oughoun,
64637les dominerent;
64638les Sibir detruisirent les Oughoun ä la fin
64639des
64640Han,
64641et
64642s'emparerent de
64643leur
64644pays
64645ainsi que
64646de
64647celui des
64648Huns. Au temps des
64649Wei, les Ibir (Jouen-jouen) detruisirent
64650la puissance des
64651Sibir,
64652et les Turks leur suc-
64653cederent dans
64654la domination de
64655l'Asie
64656centrale.
64657Sous
64658les
64659cinq
64660petites
64661dynasties,
64662les
64663Khitan arriverent ä
64664la souverainete
64665;
64666ils
64667etaient subdivises en tribus qui
64668se nommaient
64669les Mongols,
64670les Tailchighod
64671(Thai-tchheu-ou),
64672les Tatars (Tha-tha-eul)
64673et les Kerai't
64674(Khe-lie).
64675Cet expose
64676est
64677tres exact
64678et correspond
64679ä
64680ce que
64681dit Rashid ad-Din dans
64682son histoire des Mongols;
64683les peuples turks
64684se divisent en deux grandes
64685fraetions,
64686le
64687groupe
64688tonghouze
64689(sibir,
64690ibir, mandchou,
64691mongol),
64692et
64693le
64694groupe
64695altaique
64696(hun,
64697oui-
64698ghour,
64699turk), dont les idiomes sont apparentes.
64700L'onomastique
64701des
64702mamlouks
64703ne
64704differe pas
64705de
64706celle
64707des
64708Mongols
64709:
64710Arghoun,
64711Keukeltei
64712^jJLCi',
64713Mogholtai ^IkU.^,
64714Tatchar = Toghatchar
64715y-^-u,
64716,U-Us, Soudoun
64717.,Jj~.,
64718Eultchei ^^1,
64719Barkhokh ^jßj'.,
64720Berke
64721a^j, Tchoupan
64722.hj^-, Esen Temour
64723y3J~,},
64724Tcherik Temour jäSjss.,
64725Toghai Temour
64726w*j
64727j^ih,
64728Tokhtogha
64729Uxib,
64730Esen
64731(j— ', Tarakhai
64732^pJJs, Mankou Temour ^si^Si*, Nokhai ^y,
64733Bashgliird
64734^ȟ&u,
64735Esen
64736Boukha liJLwt, qui sont des noms de mamlouks dans Makrizi, sont purement mongols.
64737Ibn Dokmak nous
64738a
64739conserve dans
64740son
64741histoire
64742(ms.
647431597,
64744fol.
6474592
64746r°)
64747le nom des
64748tribus du Kiptchak dont
64749ils etaient originaires; c'elaient Celles de Toukhousba L^ids, Yeta
64750i
64751Bardji
64752Oghli
64753^Jil >s^'
64754Albarali JJ*J!,
64755Khonghor
64756Oglili
64757U! ycs,
64758Andjoghli
p. 359
64759[5]
64760INTRODUCTION.
64761347
64762Abil-Fazail,
64763dit
64764qu'il
64765l'a
64766ecrit
64767pour
64768lui-meme
64769dans
64770le
64771but
64772de
64773fixer
64774les
64775details historiques des evenements auxquels
64776il
64777avait
64778assiste, ou
64779qu'il
64780avail
64781,Jj^!, Dourout o-ji^i
64782Khoulaba
64783Oghli
64784Ut
64785\j%,
64786Djourtan
64787j^a-,
64788Khara
64789Berekli
64790J^H
64791\ß, Loutan
64792ljsi. Ces tribus etaient oui'ghoures, les Turks, qui s'etaient revoltes en
64793545 contre les
64794Ibir, n'ayant pas tarde ä
64795se
64796diviser en deux nations,
64797les Turks du Nord,
64798qui regnerent de
64799la Caspienne ä
64800la mer de Coree, et les Turks de l'Ouest, qui residerent
64801dans
64802le pays de Kashghar, de Khotan,
64803et en Asie centrale;
64804le royaume des Toukhou-
64805khan,
64806qui
64807etaient une branche des
64808Sibir tongbouzes,
64809se
64810tronvait entre
64811les
64812deux,
64813et
64814il
64815s'etendait autour du lac Keuke Nagliour qui en occupail ä peu pres le centrc, jusqu'aux
64816frontieres du pays de Khotan. La vie de ces Turks etait tres miserable, dans une
64817con-
64818tree
64819inhospitahere,
64820et
64821leur
64822civilisation
64823etait
64824rudimentaire;
64825les auteurs
64826chinois
64827nous
64828apprennent que ce
64829fut seulement en
64830780
64831qu'il
64832s'etablit dans
64833ces
64834tribus une
64835difference
64836serieuse entre le chef
64837et les
64838sujets,
64839l'ofiicier
64840et
64841les
64842soldats. Ces Turks abandonnaient
64843leur
64844desert
64845sans
64846espoir de
64847retour pour
64848aller chercher en Chine
64849et dans
64850les contrees
64851de
64852FOccident
64853des
64854conditions
64855de
64856vie
64857plus
64858favorables.
64859On
64860les
64861trouve
64862ä
64863la
64864cour
64865des
64866khalifes
64867abbassides,
64868dont
64869ils commanderent
64870les
64871armees,
64872tels
64873le
64874celebre
64875Afshin
64876qui,
64877bien
64878qu'il
64879etit
64880officiellement embrasse
64881l'Islamisme,
64882avait
64883garde
64884au
64885fond
64886de son
64887coeur
64888le
64889manicheisme
64890de
64891ses
64892ancetres.
64893Au
64894milieu
64895du vm e
64896siecle,
64897un
64898turk,
64899refugie
64900en
64901Chine, que
64902l'histoire du Celeste Empire nomme An-lou-shan,
64903arriva des rangs les plus
64904bas de l'armee au grade de general, et fut nomme prince par l'empereur Iliuen Tsoung.
64905Cette
64906fortune
64907inesperee ne
64908suffit
64909pas
64910au
64911fils de
64912la
64913steppe
64914qui
64915osa
64916convoiter
64917le pou-
64918voir supreme;
64919il
64920se
64921revolta
64922contre son
64923maitre, s'empara de
64924la
64925capitale,
64926Tchhang-an,
64927et
64928poursuivit
64929le
64930Fils
64931du
64932Ciel
64933jusque
64934dans
64935le
64936Sse-tchouen
64937actuel,
64938oü
64939il
64940se
64941declara
64942empereur.
64943Hiuen Tsoung,
64944incapable
64945de lutter contre
64946le
64947rebelle, abdiqua en faveur de
64948son
64949fils, Sou Tsoung. Le
64950roi
64951de Khotan,
64952tous
64953les princes
64954des Turks occidentaux,
64955le
64956khaghan
64957des
64958Oui'ghours,
64959le
64960roi du
64961Farghana,
64962le
64963khalife
64964abbasside,
64965durent envoyer
64966des armees
64967ä
64968l'empereur
64969chinois
64970pour
64971qu'il
64972püt
64973venir
64974ä bout du
64975terrible
64976insurge.
64977An-lou-shan
64978fut
64979assassine
64980par un
64981de ses
64982eunuques,
64983ä
64984l'instigation de
64985son
64986fils
64987aine,
64988lequel
64989fut assassine par un general
64990d'An-lou-shan, qui
64991fut tue
64992ä son tour par son
64993fils
64994aine
64995qu'il
64996avait voulu exclure de l'cmpire au
64997profit de son
64998plus jeune
64999fils.
65000Cette
65001his-
65002toire se repeta indefiniment, avec des variantes plus ou moins tragiques, dans les pays
65003de
65004l'Ouest,
65005pendant
65006des
65007siecles,
65008car
65009ces Turks,
65010comme
65011d'ailleurs
65012les Mongols,
65013se
65014consideraient comme en disponibilite de commandement ou de souverainete, n'importe
65015dans
65016quelle
65017contree, n'importe sous
65018quel
65019ciel. On les retrouve partout dans
65020l'histoire
65021musulmane, depuis les Ghaznavides
65022et
65023les
65024Saldjoukides, jusqu'aux Kadjars qui domi-
65025nent encore
65026actuellement sur
65027la
65028Perse, jusqu'aux Osmanlis
65029qui
65030regnent sur
65031les
65032rives
65033de la mer Fgee.
65034Par une coincidence assez curieuse, l'Inde toml)a aux mains de mamlouks turks ä la
65035meme epoque ä laquelle l'Egypte fut soumise par los Turks. Mo'izz ad-Din Sam, souverain
65036ghouride de
65037la dynastie des Shansabaniyya, n'ayant pas
65038de
65039fils,
65040acheta des
65041esclaves
65042turks qu'il traita comme ses enfants,
65043et
65044il leur hissa ä chacun un tröne; ils se nommaient
65045Kotb ad-Din
65046Ai'bek, Tadj ad-Din
65047Youldouz, Nasir ad-Din
65048Kabatcha,
65049Ikhtiyar ad-Din
65050Khalatchi et Baha ad-Din
65051Toghril. Kotb ad-Din
65052A'ibek
65053fut prince
65054de Dehli. Un mar-
65055chand l'avait achete dans
65056le Turkestan, et
65057l'avait amene ä Nishapour;
65058le
65059kadi
65060Fakhr
65061ad-Din ibn al-Aziz al-Koufi l'acheta et lui donna une bonne instruction musulmane. A la
p. 360
65062348
65063INTRODUCTION.
65064[G]
65065entendu
65066raconter,
65067sans aucune
65068intention
65069precise de
65070le
65071livrer au
65072public,
65073et
65074aussi, comme
65075il
65076nous l'apprend dans la preface
65077et dans
65078la
65079souscription
65080de
65081son livre, pour
65082tisser
65083la trame
65084des evenements qui suivirent ceux qui
65085sont
65086mort du
65087kadi,
65088il passa en
65089la
65090possession
65091d'un marcliand
65092qui
65093l'offrit
65094ä
65095Mo'izz
65096ad-Din
65097Sam. Quand ce prince eut
65098ete tue,
65099son neveu, Mahmoud ihn Gliiyas ad-Din Moham-
65100mad
65101ihn Sam,
65102devint sultan du Ghour;
65103il
65104envoya ä Ai'bek
65105le
65106titre de sultan avec les
65107insignes
65108de
65109la
65110souverainete, car jusqu'alors
65111Ai'bek
65112n'avait porte que
65113le
65114titre de
65115roi.
65116Le
65117fils
65118d'Ai'bek, Aramshah,
65119fut
65120renverse,
65121et
65122les
65123generaux
65124donnerent
65125la
65126couronne
65127ä
65128Shams ad-Din Eltetemish, qui
65129etait un turk originaire du pays de
65130Kara-Khitai', comme
65131le
65132furent
65133plusieurs
65134officiers
65135des
65136sultans du
65137Caire;
65138le
65139fils
65140d'Eltetemish, Rokn ad-Din
65141Firouzshah,
65142fut detröne en 1236, apres
65143six
65144mois de regne,
65145et
65146il
65147tut remplace dans
65148la
65149souverainete par
65150sa
65151sceur, Raziyya Sultane,
65152qui
65153fut detrönee
65154et tuee en
651551239 par son
65156frere,
65157Mo'izz
65158ad-Din Bahramshah
65159;
65160Bahramshah
65161fut
65162ä
65163son
65164tour
65165renverse
65166et
65167assas-
65168sine en
651691246 par Nasir ad-Din Mahmoud
65170ibn
65171Eltetemish,
65172son
65173frere.
65174Ce
65175dernier eut
65176pour
65177successeur Ghiyas
65178ad-Din
65179Balaban,
65180qui
65181etait
65182egalement un
65183esclave
65184originaire
65185du
65186Kara-Khitai'
65187(1265). Les Mongols l'avaient fait prisonnier quand
65188ils s'etaient empa-
65189res
65190de
65191ce
65192pays,
65193et
65194l'avaient
65195conduit
65196ä Baghdad,
65197oü
65198il
65199avait
65200ete achete
65201par Khadja
65202Djamal
65203ad-Din
65204al-Basri en
652051232. Ce personnage
65206se
65207rendit
65208ä
65209Dehli
65210et presenta son
65211esclave
65212ä
65213Eltetemish
65214qui
65215le
65216lui
65217acheta.
65218Ghiyas ad-Din
65219Balaban eut pour successeur
65220son
65221petit-fils,
65222Mo'izz ad-Din
65223Kai'-Kobad
65224ibn
65225Nasir ad-Din Boghra-Khan
65226ibn
65227Ghiyas
65228ad-Din Balaban,
65229qui
65230fut detrone par ses generaux,
65231lesquels
65232mirent
65233sur
65234le tröne son
65235fds, Kayoumars.
65236qui etait en bas äge. Deux
65237partis
65238politiques
65239se
65240disputaient
65241le pou-
65242voir
65243ä
65244Dehli
65245:
65246les
65247Khalatchis,
65248qui
65249reconnaissaient comme
65250chef Malik
65251Djalal ad-Din
65252Firouz Bahadour, et les Turks, qui tenaient pour Kayoumars. En
652531288,
65254Djalal ad-Din
65255fut proclame
65256sultan,
65257et la souverainete passa aux Khalatchis, qui pretendaient descen-
65258dre de Khalatch, un gendre hypothetique de Tchinkkiz Khaghan, dont on chercherait
65259en vain
65260le nom dans
65261les chroniques,
65262et qu'ils avaient invente de toutes pieces, comme
65263les Timourides
65264inventerent Karatchar Noyan, tandis
65265qu'ils etaient tout simplement des
65266Turks de la tribu ouighoure des Khalatch.
65267Des peripeties identiques se deroulerent constamment en Egypte;
65268les Turks substi-
65269tuerent
65270leur
65271autorite
65272ä
65273celle
65274des
65275Ayyoubites,
65276lesquels
65277l'avaient
65278arrachee aux
65279Fati-
65280mites, comme
65281les Capetiens, vassaux
65282et olficiers
65283des
65284Carolingiens,
65285se substituerent
65286a
65287ceux-ci,
65288qui, vassaux et
65289officiers des Merovingiens, leur avaient succede dans la souve-
65290rainete des Francs. Les Ayyoubites formaient une feodalite dynastique dans une meme
65291famille, comme devaient
65292le
65293faire, deux siecles
65294plus tard,
65295les Timourides de Perse,
65296le
65297sultan d'Egypte etant
65298le
65299suzerain de tous
65300les princes
65301ayyoubites. En
65302fait,
65303ce Systeme
65304politique
65305aboutit
65306ä
65307la
65308division de
65309l'empire en
65310Syrie
65311et
65312Egypte,
65313empire du Nord
65314et
65315empire du
65316Sud,
65317les
65318petits princes locaux de Palestine
65319et de Mesopotamie se trouvant
65320entraines dans l'alliance de Tun ou de
65321l'autre. Les Mamlouks
65322prirent le contre-pied de
65323ce Systeme,
65324et
65325ils regnerent comme souverains absolus du Caire
65326et de Damas
65327; jamais
65328ils ne concederent ä un de leurs
65329officiers un
65330titre
65331royal,
65332et ceux-ci
65333n'etaient tous que
65334des
65335na'ib as-saltana, des
65336« lieutenants dans la souverainete
65337»
65338des
65339villes oü
65340ils gouver-
65341naient.
65342Ils recevaient bien des sortes d'apanages
65343^Iksl et y~^, mais le sultan etait libre,
65344au moins
65345en theorie, de
65346les leur reprendre quand bon
65347lui
65348semblait,
65349et
65350ils ne consti-
65351tuaient que des fiefs viagers. Tout ce qu'ils pouvaient esperer, etait de se
65352faire nommer
p. 361
65353[7]
65354INTRODUCTION.
65355349
65356exposes dans un
65357traite
65358historique bien connu des
65359arabisants,
65360Ia chronique
65361d'Ibn al-Amid, que l'on connait plus generalcment sous le nom de chronique
65362d'al-Makin.
65363Moufazzal
65364ne
65365dit
65366pas
65367qu'il
65368a
65369voulu
65370ecrire
65371une
65372continuation
65373ic Ao
65374ä l'histoire d'Ibn al-'Aniid, mais seulement
65375qu'il a eu l'intention de
65376traiter
65377de
65378la
65379periode
65380qui
65381suit
65382celle dont
65383parle
65384j*j Li
65385Ibn al-Amid;
65386il y
65387a uoe
65388nuance.
65389L'oeuvre
65390de
65391Moufazzal
65392ibn
65393Abil-Fazai'l,
65394ä
65395laquelle
65396il donna
65397le
65398titre de
65399jLaJI
65400jj,l
65401jcjjl" -u Li
65402-x^äJl JjJIj
65403Jo-uJI
65404twJI
65405jt>, fut terminee, comme nous
65406emirs
65407de
65408100 ou
654091.000
65410cavaliers,
65411avec
65412le tablkhana
65413pour
65414couronnement de leur car-
65415riere;
65416cela etait loin, comme on
65417le
65418voit, d'une
65419Constitution
65420feodale.
65421Seuls,
65422les princes
65423ayyoubites
65424des
65425petites
65426principautes
65427syriennes
65428garderent
65429quelque temps
65430leur
65431souve-
65432rainete, mais
65433eile
65434etait
65435tellement
65436illusoire que
65437le
65438i'ait ne
65439tirait pas
65440ä consequence,
65441et
65442d'ailleurs, ä la moindre incartade, le sultan du Caire avait vite
65443fait de la
65444leur enlever.
65445Ce regime
65446fut deplorable, car le principe d'heredite
65447n'etait point du tout reconnu chez
65448ces Turks, ce qui ouvrait la porte ä toutes les ambitions; de plus,
65449le pouvoir du
65450sultan
65451n'etait en
65452rien comparable ä
65453la
65454dignite
65455souveraine du
65456prince mongol
65457de Perse.
65458Bien
65459qu'ils fussent,
65460en
65461fait,
65462les vassaux de
65463l'empereur de
65464Dai'-dou,
65465les Mongols
65466de
65467Tabriz
65468etaient investis d'une
65469teile autorite qu'aucun de leurs generaux, meme
65470des plus mau-
65471vaises tetes, n'aurait eu l'idee
65472qu'il pourrait un jour s'asseoir
65473sur
65474le tröne. Houlagou,
65475Abagha, Ghazan, Abou
65476Sa'id lui-meme,
65477etaient d'autres
65478souverains que
65479les
65480chefs
65481de
65482pretoriens qui trönaient dans la forteresse du Caire,
65483et autour desquels
65484s'entrelacait la
65485trame de complots dont plus d'un
65486reussit
65487et ensanglanta les dalles du palais de Salah
65488ad-Din.
65489Les Ayyoubites
65490eux-memes,
65491malgre
65492les
65493imprudences
65494de
65495leur
65496politique,
65497ne
65498connurent jamais l'insecurite du lendemain dans
65499laquelle vecurent ceux qui
65500leur suc-
65501cederent dans la souverainete de l'Hgypte.
65502Les Egyptiens, heureusement,
65503n'etaient pas
65504dilliciles ä mener,
65505et,
65506s'il
65507n'y avait eu
65508qu'eux, les choses eussent marche toutes seules; ce qui
65509les compliquait, c'etait l'aristo-
65510cratie militaire des mamlouks, composee de soudards d'une ambition demesuree et d'une
65511rapacite incroyable, avides de titres, de distinctions, et surtout d'argent. La bureaucratie,
65512compliquee
65513et paperassiere, etait un autre voile impenetrable entre
65514le peuple et le sou-
65515verain, lequel, comme tous ceux qui sont appeles ä gouverner, ne demandait pas mieux
65516que de regner avec justice, mais etait dupe par ceux
65517qu'il appelait ä
65518le
65519conseiller.
65520Ce qui
65521fit
65522Ia fortune de ces Turks turbulents d'Asie centrale,
65523et des Mongols, que
65524l'on ne peut separer des Turks,
65525bien
65526qu'ils aient constitue une
65527race autrement
65528puis-
65529sante qu'eux,
65530et douee
65531de
65532tout
65533autres
65534qualites
65535politiques,
65536c'est
65537qu'ils
65538arriverent dans
65539des empires oü
65540le concept de
65541l'autorite
65542et de
65543la responsabilite personnelle s'evanouis-
65544sait completement. L'Islam vivait sur sa scolastique,
65545et ses princes, spirituels
65546et tem-
65547poreis,
65548etaient
65549tous,
65550plus ou
65551moins,
65552des
65553rois
65554faineants,
65555qui avaient
65556tous
65557les
65558defauts
65559requis pour tomber irremediablement
65560sous
65561la domination
65562de
65563maires du palais.
65564Sans
65565ces Turks, qui, le jour oü
65566ils ont ete les maitres de l'Islam, ont pousse l'outrecuidance
65567jusqu'ä pretendre
65568que
65569leurs
65570ancetres
65571mythiques
65572furent
65573la
65574souche
65575de
65576la
65577race arabe
65578(man. arabe
655791723,
65580fol.
6558118
65582v°),
65583le monde
65584aurait
65585ete
65586bien
65587tranquille; mais,
65588depuis
65589les
65590origines de l'histoire,
65591ils n'ont
65592fait que se demener, attaquant la Chine,
65593les Sassanides,
65594provoquant
65595les
65596invasions des
65597Barbares
65598qui
65599detruisirent
65600l'empire
65601romain,
65602ruinant
65603le
65604Khalifat, et enfin, s'emparant de la Chine et de l'empire grec.
p. 362
65605350
65606INTRODUCTION.
65607[8]
65608l'apprend la souscription qui se trouve ä la fin de sa copie,
65609le lundi, onzieme
65610jour du mois de Shavval de l'annee 759 de l'hegire, autrement dit, le vingt du
65611mois de Tot de l'annee
656121075 de Diocletien,
65613roi des Coptes dans
65614l'antiquite,
65615ou,
65616si Ton
65617preTere,
65618suivant
65619l'ere
65620grecque,
65621le
65622dix-sept du
65623mois d'Eloul
65624de
65625l'annee 1670 depuis Alexandre,
65626fils de Philippe,
65627le Grec, le Macedonien, que
65628Ton nomine
65629egalement
65630Zoul-karnai'n,
65631ce
65632qui
65633correspond, dans
65634le comput
65635solaire du monde, ä
65636la 6850 e annöe, plus
65637vingt jours
65638: -^
65639<j-«
65640^->jÜl
65641X»"
65642LojJj
65643.)-?.fl'l
65644^iLL«
65645j"yli^lijj
65646'j-x^-J
65647A
65648»->
65649k_iJl
65650Alw
65651<^>¥
65652_
65653>**"
65654V*
65655j \i * -'
65656I
65657^-TL .Oll
65658\j
65659jAlx^^AJ
65660~yjL^$
65661aJL«^-j
65662v
65663äJl
65664AI-
65665J«X1
65666,,.,':..£
65667«jLw
65668j_j^J1
656697x_jjÜ1
65670\^
65671^l?;
65672a_1_»J; JUJ
65673Uy_
65674jj^icj, dates qui correspondent au 16 septembre 1358.
65675C'est en vain que j'ai cherche dans les historiens musulmans de la terre
65676d'Egypte
65677des renseignements
65678sur
65679ce
65680chroniqueur
65681qui
65682se donna
65683la
65684täche
65685modeste, mais
65686utile,
65687d'ecrire
65688l'histoire de l'epoque qui
65689suit immediatement
65690celle a laquelle
65691s'est
65692arrete un
65693litterateur qui jouissait parmi
65694les Chretiens
65695du
65696Caire d'une
65697juste
65698celebrite,
65699au
65700lieu
65701de
65702s'efforcer
65703d'elever
65704un
65705monu-
65706ment ä sa propre gloire ', en recommencant, comme cela ne
65707s'est produit que
65708trop souvent dans
65709les
65710litteratures arabe,
65711persane
65712et
65713turque,
65714une
65715nouvelle
65716histoire du moude,
65717depuis
65718le
65719deluge,
65720ou meme
65721avant,
65722d'apres une com-
65723pilation
65724hätive
65725des
65726chroniques
65727dejä
65728existantes,
65729lesquelles,
65730en
65731derniere
65732analyse,
65733remontent
65734toutes,
65735ä
65736travers
65737plus
65738ou
65739moins
65740d'intermediaires
65741qui
65742ont successivement deforme
65743l'original, au texte de Tabari
65744et d'lbn
65745al-Athir
65746chez les Musulmans,
65747et chez les Chretiens,
65748ä celui de l'Ancien et du Nouveau
65749Testament.
65750Salah ad-Din Rhalil ibn Ai'bek as-Safadi, qui a ecrit une continuation du
657511.
65752II laut reconnaitre toutefois que
65753les auteurs qui recommencaient
65754l'histoire
65755ä
65756l'ori-
65757gine du monde, au lieu de continuer Celles qui existaient dejä, rendaient Service aux let-
65758tres, car, avant l'invention de
65759l'imprimerie, les livres manuscrits etaient i'orcement tres
65760rares,
65761et seulement
65762accessibles
65763ä
65764tres peu
65765de
65766lecteurs.
65767Certains
65768ouvrages
65769existaient
657706ous
65771les
65772especes
65773d'un
65774unique
65775exemplaire,
65776dans une
65777seule
65778bibliotheque
65779;
65780il
65781est
65782tres
65783vraisemblable qu'ä l'epoque ä laquelle Ibn al-Athir reprit, en la continuant, l'histoire de
65784Tabari. les exemplaires de cette chronique etaient dejä ä peu pres introuvables, ou tout
65785au moins, dun prix exagere et inabordable pour les gens d'etude.
p. 363
65786[9]
65787INTRODUCTION.
65788351
65789dictionnaire biographiqüe J'Ibn Khallikan, ou
65790plutöt
65791qui
65792a
65793repris le
65794travail
65795d'Ibn Khallikan, en
65796l'amplifiant
65797et en
65798le continuant, ne
65799cite pas
65800le an-Nahdj
65801as-sadid parmi
65802les ouvrages
65803qu'il connaissait pour
65804traiter
65805de
65806l'histoire de
65807l'Egypte;
65808mais
65809il ne
65810faut pas oublier que
65811Salah ad-Din
65812Klialil
65813ibn
65814Aibek
65815as-Safadi
65816est mort ä Damas, en l'annee 764 de l'hegire (1362-1363),
65817et que,
65818dans ces conditions,
65819il est assez vraisemblable que
65820la pretacc de son diction-
65821naire
65822biographiqüe,
65823dans
65824laquelle
65825il
65826cite
65827les
65828sources
65829qu'il
65830pretcnd
65831avoir
65832utilisees,
65833etait
65834terminee
65835ä
65836jine
65837date
65838ä
65839laquelle
65840Moufazzal
65841ibn
65842Abil-Fazail
65843n'avait pas encore mis
65844la derniere inain ä son travail.
65845Ni Makrizi, dans
65846le Kitab
65847as-soulouk,
65848ni Aboul-Mahasin, dans
65849le an-Nou-
65850djoum az-zahira et le al-Manhal as-safi, ne parlent de Moufazzal ibn Abil-Fazail
658511'.
6585211 ne
65853faut point
65854voir dans
65855ce
65856fait
65857la preuve
65858d'une Jalousie ou
65859d'un mepris
65860retrospectifs
65861d'auteurs
65862qüi
65863avaient une
65864tres
65865haute
65866idee
65867de
65868leurs
65869merites
65870litteraires
65871et
65872scientifiques,
65873et
65874qui auraient pu ne
65875pas
65876citer Moufazzal pour
65877exercer sur sa memoire une vengeance posthume
65878autant que mesquine. En
65879effet,
65880la comparaison du recit de l'histoire de l'Egypte, teile qu'on
65881la trouve
65882dans
65883Makrizi
65884et dans Aboul-Mahasin,
65885d'une
65886part,
65887et dans
65888le an-Nahdj
65889as-
65890sadid, de l'autre, montre d'une fagon certaine qu'ils n'ont pas connu Moufazzal
65891ibn Abil-Fazail,
65892car, bien qu'ils aient
65893utilise
65894les meines sources que
65895lui,
65896ils
65897interpretent tres souvent les evenements d'une
65898fagon entierement opposee
658992
659001.
65901La mort de
65902Moufazzal
65903n'est
65904point mentionnee
65905de
65906l'annee
65907759
65908(1358)
65909ä
65910l'annee
65911783 de l'hegire (1381-1382)
65912;
65913il est probable
65914qu'il n'etait plus jeune en 759, quand
65915il
65916ter-
65917mina sa chronique,
65918autrement
65919il
65920l'eüt
65921continuee.
6592211
65923est
65924bien
65925evident qu'en
65926783,
65927son
65928corps reposait dans Fun des cimetieres du Caire. Dans le Soulouk, Makrizi
65929cite
65930le nom
65931de savants musulmans qui n'ont joue aucun role politique, mais, comme tous ses coreli-
65932gionnaires,
65933il ignore les Chretiens.
659342.
65935Moufazzal
65936a
65937pris
65938le
65939soin
65940d'indiquer ^es
65941sources.
65942L'une des plus souvent
65943citees
65944est la grande chronique
65945qui
65946fut ecrite par
65947l'emir Rokn ad-Din Baibars al-Khitayi ad-
65948Davaddar al-Mansouri, sous le
65949titre de
65950'iysr^\
65951£>„^ J,
65952>V\IU
65953üjjj,
65954eile se trouve men-
65955tionnee aux
65956l'olios 87
65957v°, 92 v°, 93
65958r", 97
65959v°, 99
65960v°,
65961103
65962v°,
65963106
65964v°,
65965109
65966v°,
65967119
65968v»,
65969120
65970v°,
65971121
65972v°,
65973124
65974v°.
65975120
65976r°;
65977la
65978Vie
65979de
65980Baibars par 'Izz ad-Din
65981ibn Shaddad
65982est
65983citee,
65984fol.
6598512
65986r°,
6598719
65988r°,
6598957
65990r";
65991l'Histoire de
65992Baibars par
65993le
65994kadi
65995Ibn 'Abd
65996az-Zahir,
65997aux
65998fol.
6599915
66000v°,
6600121
66002v°,
6600343
66004r°,
6600543
66006v°,
6600744
66008r°;
66009le
66010^Usyll
66011w.li" d'Abou Shama,
66012au
66013folio
6601412
66015r°;
66016la
66017Vie
66018du
66019khalife
66020fatimite
66021al-Hakim,
66022au
66023folio
6602427
66025r°;
66026le
66027«j-r^l
66028<r>^
66029de
66030Mohammad ibn Rizwan, au
66031folio 31
66032v";
66033le
66034..tjU! ^£ d'Ibn Mounkidli, au
66035folio 34
66036v°;
66037la
66038chronique
66039d'lbn
66040'Asakir, au
66041folio
6604226
66043r°; as-Sam'ani, au
66044folio
6604531
66046r°; mais ce
66047ne
66048sont
66049lä
66050que
66051des
66052sources
66053accessoires
66054de
66055la
66056chronique
66057de
66058Moufazzal
66059ibn
66060Abil-
66061Fazail
66062qui
66063a
66064fait un
66065si
66066grand nombre d'emprunts ä
66067l'histoire
66068des
66069sultans mamlouks
66070ecrite par Nowairi, que
66071son an-Nahdj as-sadid
66072n'en
66073est qu'un
66074abrege;
66075il
66076est
66077clair
66078d'ailleurs que, comme
66079le
66080fait
66081s'est
66082produit
66083maintes
66084fois
66085dans
66086la
66087litterature
66088arabe,
66089il
66090n'a pas
66091consulte directement
66092tous ces ouvrages,
66093et
66094qu'il
66095en
66096cite
66097un
66098certain nombre
66099par l'intermediaire de ceux qu'il copiait, sans
66100les avoir vus.
66101Jamais Moufazzal
66102n'a cite
66103le nom de
66104Nowairi,
66105qui ne
66106parait
66107pas une
66108seule
66109fois
66110dans
66111le
66112an-Nahdj as-sadid,
p. 364
66113352
66114INTRODUCTION.
66115[10]
66116et
66117contradictoire, ce qui
66118etablit suffisamment rindependance de leurs chro-
66119niques. De plus,
66120le recit de Moui'azzal nc comprend point un nombre consi-
66121derable
66122de
66123details
66124auxquels
66125Makrizi
66126et Aboul-Mabasin
66127ont
66128fait une
66129place
66130dans leurs chroniques,
66131et qui les grossissent d'une facon demesuree, car
66132ils
66133n'ont souvent qu'unc importance des plus minimes, mais
66134il expose les evene-
66135et
66136les
66137tres nombreux
66138extraits
66139de
66140sa
66141clironique ne
66142sont
66143introduits
66144dans
66145le
66146recit de
66147Moufazzal que par ces mots
66148:
66149«
66150L'historien a dit
66151» fjjd)
66152JU.
66153II ne faut point voir dans
66154cette formule, qui
66155se repete constamment dans
66156le an-Nahdj
66157as-sadid,
66158l'intention
66159de
66160cacher
66161le nom de
66162Nowai'ri,
66163car Nowairi
66164l'emploie lui-meme dans
66165sa chronique (man.
66166arabe
661671578,
66168fol.
6616913 vu
66170,
6617114
66172v°), avec son abreviation JU
66173[ibid.,
66174fol.
6617557
66176v°,
6617767
66178r°, 88
66179r°),
66180ä
66181l'imitation de
66182ce qu'ont
66183fait couramment Mas'oudi dans
66184ses
66185Prairies
66186d'or
66187et
66188Ibn
66189Wasil dans le Moufarridj al-kouroub; mais, autant qu'il est possible de
66190le determiner
66191par
66192la comparaison du texte de Moufazzal avec
66193celui de
66194Nowai'ri,
66195tel
66196qu'il se trouve
66197conserve dans
66198les manuscrits de
66199la Bibliotheque
66200Nationale,
66201l'historien copte
66202a etendu
66203cette
66204formule
66205ä un grand nombre
66206de
66207passages
66208(man.
662091579,
66210passim),
66211dans lesquels
66212Nowairi
66213avait juge
66214inutile
66215de
66216s'en
66217servir.
66218C'est
66219lä,
66220en quelque
66221sorte, un hommage
66222spontane et presque irreflechi a l'ecrivain qui
66223est
66224si bien l'historien classique du com-
66225mencement du regne des Mamlouks bahrites qu'il
66226paraissait
66227inutile, quand on parlait
66228de
66229« l'Mistorien
66230»,
66231d'ajouter qu'il
66232s'agissait de Nowairi. La chronique de Nowairi, qui
66233est la base de celle de Moufazzal,
66234est un ouvrage excellent, d'une lecture agreable; son
66235auteur n'a pas cherche ä eblouir ses lecteurs par une elegance tapageuse et de mauvais
66236goüt;
66237c'est un des modeles du genre
66238historique chez
66239les Musulmans par sa precision
66240et
66241sa
66242nettete;
66243c'est entierement sur
66244eile que sont fondees,
66245pour les premiers
66246sultans
66247mamlouks,
66248les chroniques
66249posterieures
66250de Makrizi
66251et d'Aboul-Mabasin.
66252Par malheur,
66253Moufazzal n'a pas reproduit le texte de Nowai'ri dans son
66254integrite,
66255et
66256il lui a substitue
66257un resume,
66258ecrit
66259le plus souvent dans une langue fruste et informe, qui fait regretter
66260la
66261correction
66262et la bonne tenue du style de son original. La comparaison
66263est doulou-
66264reuse,
66265surtout quand
66266l'on confronte
66267le
66268texte de l'autographe de Nowairi avec celui de
66269Moufazzal.
66270Baibars
66271al-Mansouri
66272est un
66273historien
66274tout
66275different de
66276Nowai'ri;
66277c'est un
66278auteur elegant, ou plutöt qui vise ä l'elegance; les lauriers d'Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani
66279devaient troubler
66280ses
66281reves,
66282tandis que Nowai'ri se
66283rapproche
66284infiniment
66285plus
66286de
66287la
66288secheresse d'Ibn al-Athir
66289et d'Ibn Wasil
66290; encore Ibn Wasil cite-t-il
66291de longues pieces
66292de vers, tandis que Nowai'ri est sec
66293et precis,
66294et
66295s'interdit rigoureusement
66296tout orne-
66297ment litteraire. Bien qu'il y
66298ait dans
66299la clironique de Baibars,
66300ou plutot dans
66301les frag-
66302ments que l'on en connait, des fautes de goüt choquantes,
66303il est certain que cet
66304officier,
66305qui
66306etait de
66307race mandchoue, comme
66308l'indique
66309assez son surnom
66310d'al-Khilayi,
66311avait
66312attrape la maniere des historiens precieux et decadents, pour ne pas dire ridicules, qui
66313se sont rendus
66314illisibles ä force de rechercher une elegance de mauvais
66315aloi.
66316C'est de
66317meme que le turk Aboul-Mahasin,
66318fils d'Ibn Taghribirdi, a ecrit une excellente histoire
66319de l'Egypte,
66320qui, pour la
66321partie qui traite des evenements dont
66322il a ete
66323le temoin,
66324est
66325un chef-d'oouvre et une source extremement precieuse. Et cependant, Baibars et Aboul-
66326Mahasin etaient des
66327officiers
66328de metier, qui avaient du, non seulement
66329s'adapter ä
66330la
66331langue arabe, mais aussi au genre litteraire dans lequel
66332ils ont ecrit, ce qui
66333est autre-
66334ment difficile, et ce qui montre la souplesse avec laquelle les hommes de l'Extreme-Orient
66335savent entrer dans la culture occidentale.
p. 365
66336[11]
66337IXTRODUCTION.
66338353
66339ments
66340qu'il rapporte en möme temps que
66341le Soulouk
66342et
66343le an-Noudjoum
66344az-
66345zahira d'une maniere
66346quelquefois plus complete
66347et
66348plus
66349iutelligible que
66350ces
66351deux chroniques,
66352ce qui en
66353i'ait
66354un ouvr.age d'une certaine importance pour
66355l'histoire de l'Egypte, bien qu'il ne
66356soit qu'un abrege, car, en plus de
66357cette
66358particularite,
66359il ne
66360faut
66361pas oublier que
66362le
66363an-Nahdj
66364as-sadid
66365est
66366anterieur
66367de cent vingt annees au
66368Soulouk
66369de
66370Makrizi.
66371Ce silence n'a rien qui doive surprendre de la pari des auteurs musulraans
66372du
66373Caire,
66374car
66375Moufazzal
66376ibn
66377Abil-Fazail
66378n'appartenait point
66379ä
66380la
66381confes-
66382sion islamique;
66383il
66384etait Tun de
66385ces nombreux chretiens
66386coptes
66387qui vivaient
66388dans
66389la
66390basse Egypte, meprises
66391et lionnis
66392des sectateurs de l'Islam qui les
66393rudoyaient, sans perdre une occasion de leur extorquer de l'argent, comme
66394on
66395le voit assez par VHistoire des Patriarches d'Alexandrie, dans la Situation
66396angoissante
66397et desesperee des
66398nationalites qui ont eu
66399le tort de succomber
66400devant la poussee des barbares.
66401Par un hasard inattendu,
66402Ton connait
66403cinq
66404des membres
66405de
66406la
66407famille
66408de
66409l'auteur du
66410an-Nahdj
66411as-sadid,
66412qui
66413dut
66414avoir une
66415certaine
66416importance
66417dans la communaute chretienne de l'Egypte musulmane,
66418et
66419ils appartiennent
66420ä quatre
66421generations
66422consecutives
66423: l'auteur
66424de
66425la
66426presente
66427histoire, Mou-
66428fazzal,
66429fils
66430d'Aboul-Fazail,
66431qui
66432la termina en 1358;
66433son pere,
66434Aboul-Fazail
66435as-Safi,
66436qui
66437ecrivit,
66438sous le
66439titre de
66440Firdaous ^^f
66441« le
66442Paradis », un traite
66443contenant
66444un
66445recueil
66446d'histoires
66447edifiantes
66448'
66449;
66450son
66451oncle,
66452Georges,
66453qui,
66454en
664551353,
66456a copie
66457un magnifique
66458Pentateuque, traduit sur
66459la version
66460des Sep-
66461tante, lequel appartient ä la Bibliotheque Nationale
664622
66463;
66464le pretre Aboul-Mou-
66465i'azzal,
66466pere
66467d'Aboul-Fazail
66468as-Safi
66469et
66470de
66471Georges; Amin
66472al-Moulk,
66473pere
66474d'Aboul-Moufazzal,
66475ces deux derniers personnages
66476n'etant connus que par
66477la
66478souscription
66479du
66480Pentateuque. Comme
66481l'indique
66482assez
66483son
66484titre,
66485Amin
66486al-Moulk
66487fut
66488titulaire,
66489ä une
66490date
66491qu'iT
66492n'est
66493point
66494temeraire de
66495fixer aux
664961. Le
66497« Paradis
66498» d'Aboul-Fazail
66499as-Safi,
66500fils
66501d'Aboul-Moufazzal,
66502est
66503cite comme
66504etant
66505la source
66506principale
66507d'un
66508recueil
66509d'anecdotes et
66510de
66511recits
66512edifiants
66513attribues
66514a
66515des moines celebres par leur
66516saintete;
66517l'auteur de
66518cette mediocre compilation. qui est
66519conservee dans le fonds arabe sous le numero 283, n'est point connu.
665202.
66521Ce
66522Pentateuque, ^J! ^-y ^
66523äJj^J)
66524L-JiJI
66525»IjjxJI ^U-t
66526*«*=,
66527porte
66528le
66529numero 12 dans le fonds arabe; le copiste se nomme dans la souscription
66530: Djordjos,
66531fils
66532du pretre Aboul-Moufazzal,
66533petit-fils d'Amin al-Moulk;
66534il termina son
66535travail en l'annee
665361067 des Marlyrs, qui correspond ä
66537la
66538754
66539e annee de
66540l'hegire. Ce Georges,
66541qui
66542devait
66543appartenir au
66544clerge,
66545etait un
66546savant;
66547il connaissait
66548le grec, l'hebreu,
66549le
66550copte, sans
66551compter l'arabe. Au-dessus des noms qui figurent dans le texte du Pentateuque,
66552il a pris
66553soin d'ecrire
66554leurs formes telles
66555qu'on
66556les trouve dans
66557la version copte de la Bible; les
66558variantes du texte hebrai'que, et des gloses, se lisent dans les marges du manuscrit qui a
66559ete collationne avec
66560le Pentateuque en liebreu, la version des Septante et la traduction
66561copte; Georges a note, au folio 224, un long passage qui ne figurait pas dans le manus-
66562crit qu'il copiait. mais qui se trouve dans les Septante et dans le texte hebrai'que.
p. 366
66563354
66564INTRODUCTION.
66565[12]
66566environs de
66567la
66568fin du xin"
66569siecle, ou du commencement du
66570xiv
66571e
66572, d'un office
66573dans l'administration nuanciere du royaume egyptien.
66574L'auteur du Catalogue des manuscrits arabes de la Bibliotheque Nationale
66575a reconnu
66576que
66577Moufazzal ibn
66578Abil-Fazai'I
66579etait un
66580chretien copte,
66581et cette
66582affirmation
66583surprend
66584quand
66585l'on
66586constate
66587que
66588les deux
66589manuscrits
66590d'Ibn
66591al-'Amid
66592qui
66593s'y
66594trouvent
66595decrits portent
66596les numeros 294
66597et 295 dans
66598la
66599section consacree aux
66600auteurs chretiens, ce qui est bicn
66601leur place,
66602et
66603que,
66604pour une cause que je
66605n'ai pu decouvrir,
66606le an-Nahdj
66607as-sadid,
66608qui continue
66609Ibn
66610al-'Amid,
66611se trouve
66612rejetö tout
66613ä
66614la
66615fin du fonds
66616arabe, comme
66617si
66618on
66619l'avait oublie dans le classement, sous le numero 4525'.
666201.
6662111 ne faut pas se dissimilier que c'est par suite de cette erreur de classement que le
66622manuscrit de Moufazzal n'a pas ete dejä utilise. En realite,
66623il
66624a echappe aux recherches
66625de toutes
66626les personnes
66627qui
66628s'occuperent
66629de
66630l'histoire de l'Egypte,
66631lesquelles,
66632natu-
66633rellement, sur
66634les indications memes du Catalogue des manuscrits arabes, les limiterent
66635ä
66636la
66637section specialement consacree
66638ä cette
66639contree,
66640sans
66641se douter qu'une clironique
66642egyptienne existait
66643tout ä
66644fait ä
66645la fin du Catalogue, apres les divans des poetes et les
66646ceuvres de la litterature imaginative; c'est ainsi que je n'ai point mentionne le an-Nahdj
66647as-sadid quand
66648j'ai
66649dresse
66650la
66651liste des ouvrages arabes musulmans
66652et
66653chretiens
66654qui
66655traitent de l'histoire de l'Egypte.
66656En somme, depuis la fin du xvm e siecle, date ä laquellele tres savant Dom Berthereau
66657a lu cette chronique dans l'intention d'en faire des extraits pour ses Historiens Orientaux
66658des Croisades, personne,
66659ou
66660presque,
66661n'a consulte
66662ce manuscrit, car
66663c'est
66664ä
66665peine
66666si
66667Quatremere le
66668cite assez dedaigneusement sous
66669le titre de
66670« continuateur d'Elmacin »,
66671dans son Histoire des sultans mamlouks . C'est de merae que, dans le premier volume des
66672Historiens Orientaux
66673des Croisades, publie par l'Academie des
66674Inscriptions
66675et
66676Belles-
66677Lettres, M. Mac Gluckin de
66678Slane,
66679le meme
66680qui oublia Moufazzal dans
66681le classement
66682des manuscrits du fonds arabe, a consacre ä ce chroniqueur quelques lignes qui suffisent
66683ä etablir
66684qu'il ne
66685s'etait
66686point rendu compte de
66687la place que cet ecrivain occupe dans
66688l'histoire de l'Egypte musulmane.
66689Je n'insiste sur ces faits, qui intrinsequement n'ont pas une ombre d'importance, que
66690pour montrer que
66691la decouverte du an-Nahdj as-sadid est due a M. l'abbe Nau
66692et ä
66693M.
66694l'abbe Leroy.
66695M. Leroy
66696fut successivement
66697professeur d'arabe
66698ä
66699l'Institut Catho-
66700lique d'Angers
66701et vicaire
66702ä
66703Courbevoie,
66704et
66705il
66706avait assume
66707la
66708täche de
66709publier
66710cette
66711chronique dans la Patrologie
66712Orientale; personne
66713avant
66714lui, depuis Dom Berthereau,
66715n'avait songe ä
66716utiliser cet ouvrage pour le moindre memoire. M.
66717l'abbe Leroy avait
66718ä peine commence son travail quand
66719il fut terrasse par un mal inexorable,
66720et
66721sa mort
66722fut douloureusement
66723ressentie
66724par
66725tous
66726ceux
66727qui
66728s'interessent
66729au developpement de
66730l'Orientalisme independant;
66731il avait garde le feu sacre ä un äge oü tant d'autres sentcnt
66732leur ardeur se refroidir,
66733et regardent avec inquietude la carriere qui leur reste ä parcou-
66734rir pour terminer l'ceuvre qui fut le reve de leur jeunesse. M.
66735l'abbe Nau a raconte dans
66736la Revue de V Orient Chretien la vie de ce travailleur simple et modeste, qui s'etait forme
p. 367
66737[13]
66738IXTRODUCTION.
66739355
66740La
66741lecture
66742<le
66743l'oeuvre
66744entiöre
66745de
66746Moufazzal
66747ibn
66748Abil-Fazai'l
66749est
66750bien
66751faite pour tromper
66752sur
66753lä
66754veritable
66755religion de
66756cet
66757ecrivain,
66758et
66759il
66760semble,
66761ä premiere vue,
66762qu'il
66763soit impossible de determiner
66764la conl'ession ä Iaquellc
66765appartint cet
66766historien,
66767car on y trouve un melange incxtricable
66768et confus
66769de
66770formules
66771et de
66772concepts, dont
66773les uns
66774sont
66775radicalement
66776chretiens,
66777les
66778autres absolument musulmans,
66779et qui se contredisent d'une facon inexorable.
66780A plusieurs reprises, dans
66781le
66782texte de sa chronique, comme on vient de
66783le voir en lisant sa souscription, Moufazzal ibn Abil-Fazai'l date les evenements
66784qu'il
66785raconte, non
66786seulement ä
66787l'aide
66788de
66789l'ere musulmane,
66790qui
66791etait
66792l'ere
66793officielle de l'Egypte des sultans mamlouks, mais aussi dans l'ere des Coptes,
66794l'ere grecque,
66795et
66796l'ere cosmique,
66797qui
66798a pour
66799origine
66800la creation du monde;
66801or, ces
66802trois
66803derniers computs ne sont jamais employes par les Musulmans,
66804mais uniquement par les Chretiens. Un fait aussi caracteristique est que l'au-
66805teur donne
66806a
66807un religieux
66808chretien,
66809Bar Sauma
66810al-'Ourian,
66811les
66812titres
66813de
66814Ijjjj!
66815«
66816notre Pere
66817»',
66818et de
66819Jic^l
66820^_J>£\
66821«
66822le
66823Pere
66824auguste
66825»,
66826et
66827qu'il
66828dit,
66829en parlant de sa mort,
66830Jjj, expression qui est speciale ä la langue des Chre-
66831tiens d'Egypte,
66832et qui ne
66833se rencontre jamais chez un auteur musulman au
66834sujet de
66835la mort d'un sectateur du Prophete, pour lequel on dit toujours j,y,
66836ou o^i ou d'un Chretien, qui se contente de
66837l^,U.
66838Dans
66839la
66840courte
66841preface
66842du an-Nahdj
66843as-sadid,
66844Moufazzal ibn Abil-Faza'il
66845invoque Allah, dont
66846le nom
66847est commun aux
66848Chretiens et aux Musulmans,
66849mais
66850il
66851n'adresse
66852aucune
66853salutation au
66854prophete Mohammad,
66855ce
66856qu'aucun
66857tout seul, au prix d'efforts considerables, presque sans aide, au müieu de ces conditions
66858precaires qui trempent les ämes
66859fortes
66860et qui affirment
66861les vocations inebranlables. La
66862science
66863desinteressee
66864fut son
66865seul
66866but.
66867et
66868il
66869s'est eudormi du sommeil
66870de
668711 eternite
66872sans avoir pu realiser les desseins qu'il portait en lui.
66873Mgr Graffin
66874et
66875M.
66876l'abbe
66877Nau m'ont
66878demande
66879d'executer
66880l'ceuvre
66881que M.
66882l'abbe
66883Leroy
66884n'avait pas eu
66885le
66886temps
66887d'accomplir,
66888et
66889je
66890n'ai
66891pas
66892voulu
66893resister
66894ä
66895leurs
66896encouragements, bien que je crusse avoir renonce definitivement ä ecrire sur
66897l'histoire
66898de
66899l'Egypte
66900en
66901terminant
66902celle
66903des
66904Ayyoubites,
66905teile
66906que
66907l'a exposee Makrizi
66908dans
66909le Soulouk. Le plan de la Patrologie Orientale ne m'a pas laisse libre d'annoter ce texte
66910autant que la lecture des autres historiens de l'Egypte, qui me sont familiers, m'aurait
66911permis de
66912le
66913faire.
66914J'ai du me borner ä donner au lecteur
66915les explications essentielles
66916pour la comprehension d'une histoire qui
66917etait courante pour son auteur et ses compa-
66918triotes, mais qui Fest beaucoup moins pour nous, qui se deroula pendant plus de deux
66919siecles
66920et demi dans un cadre ä peu pres immuable, qu'il laut aujourd'hui reconstituer
66921piece ä piece, par
66922la
66923lecture des ecrivains contemporains,
66924si l'on tient ä voir revivre ces
66925princes que
66926les
66927voies de
66928la Providence
66929amenerent
66930des
66931steppes
66932glacees
66933de
66934la Siberie
66935pour regner
66936sur l'Egypte musulmane jusqu a
66937la conquete des Osmanlis.
669381. Jiß^, ß*> JjjjM
66939\jy*>ji
66940(sie) Lot J^^l ^1 ^p ^_Ji\
66941tJj» >U Jj,
66942fol. 157 v°;
66943^yij U^^j
66944\jj>] Jiß JL jlkU! j^&. UU,
66945fol.
66946157
66947v°;
66948,\)h jLC ^1
66949t+~\
66950,)k X
66951b»j«9j.j
66952(sie)
66953Uyjt,
66954fol.
66955158
66956r°.
p. 368
66957356
66958INTRODUCTION.
66959[1V|
66960Musulman ne se permet d'omettre, meme dans le cas tres rare oü il commence
66961son livre sans la formulc
66962:
66963« Au nom d'Allah,
66964lc Clement,
66965lo Misericordieux!
66966»
66967Dans une
66968glose qui
66969se
66970lit
66971au
66972folio
669737
66974r°, l'auteur,
66975parlant des
66976khalifes
66977des deux dynasties
66978abbassides,
66979les traite de
66980«
66981rois des Musulmans
66982»
66983:
66984cette
66985denomination prouve, de
66986la part de
66987celui qui l'emploie,
66988soit une ignorance
66989absolue de l'essence meme du Khalifat, comme c'est lc cas pourun Chretien,
66990soit la volonte bien nette d'un Musulman de proclamer qu'il se refuse ä admet-
66991tre la mission
66992spirituelle
66993des
66994fils d'Abbas,
66995et qu'il les considere comme
66996des
66997usurpateurs
66998qui ont derobe
66999le pouvoir souverain aux imams Alides, ce que
67000fönt les Shh'tes de Perse; mais il est bien evident qu'il ne s'agit pas
67001ici d'nne
67002manifestation alide.
67003En parlant de l'incendie de la Batiliyya, au Gaire, Moufazzal ibn Abil-Fazail
67004oublie de dire que la rumeur publique accusa les Chretiens de l'avoir allume
67005pour venger les dommages que le sultan Baibars avait
67006fait subir aux
67007Francs
67008de
67009Syrie. Nöwalri,
67010qui
67011etait musulman,
67012n'a pas manque
67013de relater dans sa
67014chronique
67015cette
67016Imputation, qui
67017est tout ä
67018fait vraisemblable,
67019et que Mou-
67020fazzal
67021ibn
67022Abil-Fazail
67023a
67024completement
67025passee
67026sous
67027silence,
67028tandis
67029qu'il
67030qualifie de
67031« catastrophe
67032» les persecutions que cet incendie
67033causa aux Chre-
67034tiens,
67035et l'obligation que Baibars
67036leur imposa de
67037payer 500.000 pieces d'or
67038comme indemnite de ce
67039sinistre.
67040Au
67041folio
6704232
67043v°,
67044l'auteur
67045du
67046an-Nahdj
67047as-sadid,
67048parlant
67049du
67050sultan
67051du
67052Maghreb,
67053Aboul-'Ala
67054ldris
67055ibn Abi
67056'Abd
67057Allah Mohammad
67058ibn Yousouf,
67059lui donne le titre de khalife, lequel, comme celui de
67060roi, applique aux Abbas-
67061sides, montre une singuliere ignorance de la valeur precise des titres musul-
67062mans, qui s'expliquerait fort mal de
67063la part d'un
67064sectateur de l'Islam.
67065Cet argument, d'ailleurs,
67066n'a pas une valeur absolue
67067;
67068car un poete turc,
67069Tadj ad-Din Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ahmadi, qui a ecrit pour l'emir Solaiman,
67070fils de
67071Sultan Bayazid, en
670721390, une histoire en vers d'Alexandre
67073le Grand,
67074intitulee
67075Iskeiider
67076warne', parle
67077dans
67078son poeme du
67079khalifat des
67080souverains
67081mongols de l'Iran, Abagha et Gueikhatou,
67082qui
67083etaient bouddhistes;
67084si Tadj
67085ad-Din, qui
67086etait
67087fort Ignorant
67088de
67089l'histoire, a pris
67090ces
67091infideles
67092pour
67093des
67094Musulmans, ce que l'on peut
67095lui pardonner, ä
67096la rigueur,
67097il
67098est inexcusable
67099d'avoir
67100donne
67101le
67102titre de
67103khalife
67104ä
67105ces
67106princes,
67107successeurs de Houlagou,
67108qui renversa le Khalifat de Baghdad, et aneantit la puissance des fils d'Abbas.
67109A ces
67110details, qui
67111etablissent
67112le
67113Christianisme
67114de
67115Moufazzal ibn
67116Abil-
67117Fazail, j'opposerai les
67118faits suivants, qui ne pourraient guere s'expliquer que
67119par l'hypothese que l'auteur, chretien, mais
67120vivant dans les
67121etats d'un prince
67122musulman,
67123a
67124cherche
67125ä menager
67126les
67127susceptibilites de
67128ceux de
67129ses sujets
67130qui viendraient ä lire son livre.
671311. Manuscrit Supplement turc 635.
p. 369
67132[15]
67133INTRODUCTION.
67134357
67135Un
67136des plus
67137caracteristiques
67138est
67139certainement
67140la tenacite
67141avec
67142laquelle
67143Moufazzal
67144fait
67145suivre
67146le
67147nom
67148des
67149saints
67150personnages
67151musulmans
67152des
67153formules qui leur sont traditionnellement consacrees dans
67154l'Islamisme, telles
67155jji AH ^o. et *^a.j AM >ß pour
67156Ali,
67157et meme, corame on le
67158lit au folio 160 v",
67159celle
67160encore
67161plus
67162musulmane
67163:
67164«
67165qu'Allah
67166soit
67167satisfait
67168de
67169lui,- de
67170ses
67171deux fds
67172et des membres de la famille du Prophete », Ges formules
67173sont loin
67174d'etre
67175secretes, mais
67176il
67177est
67178certain qu'elles ne sont connues que des Musul-
67179mans, et que les Chretiens les ignorent absolument; corame
67180le manuscrit du
67181an-Nalulj as-sadid est l'exemplaire original qui
67182Tut execute pour le compte de
67183son auteur,
67184il est impossible
67185d'admettre
67186que
67187ces
67188formules
67189ont
67190ete
67191ajoutees
67192par un
67193scribe musulman qui
67194a recopie
67195le brouillon de Moufazzal, de meme
67196que, lorsqu'un livre sunnite tombe entre
67197les mains d'un Sbiite,
67198et qu'il y
67199lit
67200ixe,
67201aJJI
67202^a. y&,
67203il gratte
67204cette
67205formule
67206et
67207la remplace
67208par
67209^J!
67210ÄXxJJ)
67211aAs j*z
67212Au
67213folio
6721417
67215r°,
67216on
67217lit que Dieu
67218decut
67219les
67220esperances du
67221roi de France,
67222et
67223qu'il permit aux Musulmans de triompher de
67224lui
67225; au
67226folio 20
67227v°,
67228parlant
67229de
67230la conquete par Mo'aviyya de
67231la
67232ville de Cesaree en
67233Palestine,
67234l'auteur
67235nous
67236apprend que
67237cinq
67238mille Musulmans y
67239cueillirent
67240la palme du martyre
67241J^i.; je sais bien que cet argument n'a pas une valeur absolue, puisque Yakout
67242a
67243ecrit dans
67244son Modjam al-bouldan
67245' que les Byzantins ont
67246ete
67247gratifies du
67248martyre pj\ J-^i,; maisjen'en considere pas comme moins etablique, dans tous
67249les passages de la litterature arabe dans lesquels il m'a ete donne de rencontrer
67250le verbe
67251^-$~,, je Tai toujours trouve pour indiquer
67252la mort d'un Musulman,
67253tue dans une guerre
67254contre des non-Musulmans, Chretiens ou
67255autres,
67256et
67257il
67258faut, ä mon avis, considerer l'emploi qu'en fait Yakout comme une exception.
67259C'est dans le meme esprit, qu'en parlant de la prise de Safad, qui appartenait
67260aux Chretiens de
67261Syrie, Moufazzal
67262ibn ^Abil-Fazail nous montre
672632
67264les
67265eten-
67266dards
67267victorieux de Ba'ibars, arbores sur les murs
67268et
67269sur les tours,
67270flottant
67271au vent dans la gloire de la victoire
67272et du triomphe. Cette haine contre
67273les
67274Chretienä de Syrie se manifeste d'une maniere encore plus eclatante dans deux
67275autres
67276passages,
67277Tun, dans lequel
67278il
67279est
67280parle de
67281la conquete d'Antioche
672823
67283,
67284et oü
67285l'on
67286voit des
67287officiers places
67288par Baibars aux portes de
67289la ville pour
67290surveiller
67291les
67292canailles
67293qui
67294allaient
67295en
67296sortir,
67297ces
67298canailles
67299n'etant
67300autres
67301que les Francs vaincus. Dans le second, Moufazzal nous apprend que le prince
673021.
67303I,
67304p. 137
67305; ä Adjnadain, en Palestine, oü, sous le regne d'IIeraclius,
67306il se livra entre
67307les Musulmans
67308et
67309les Byzantins une
67310furieuse
67311bataille, au cours
67312de
67313laquelle
67314les Grecs
67315perdirent 100.000 liommes
67316:
67317a*+>\ ^
67318\
67319i5!
67320joU
67321j^Lä!
67322,^»
67323J-^i; cette
67324expression, que
67325Yakout a empruntee aux historiens qui ont raconte les conquetes des Arabes X^u ULM
67326~yiJI,
67327est completement, sous
67328la plume d'un Musulman, dans
67329le
67330recit d'une
67331bataille
67332entre Chretiens et Musulmans.
673332. Fol. 24 v°. — 3. Fol. 29
67334r°.
p. 370
67335358
67336INTRODUCTION.
67337.
67338[16]
67339chretien
67340d'Antioche
67341profita
67342de
67343l'invasion des Mongols cn
67344Syrie pour com-
67345mettre toutes sortes d'horreurs contre
67346les Musulmans, mais qu'Allah tira une
67347vengeance eclatante de ses crimes.
67348Un peu plus
67349loin',
67350il dit, au sujet de ce prince chretien, qu'il
67351fut Fun des
67352Francs les plus violents que Ton ait jamais vus, et. qu'il seconda les Mongols
67353de tous ses moyens, jusqu'ä ce qu'Allah permit aux Musulmans de
67354le vaincre.
67355La description
67356historique de
67357la mosquee al-Azhar,
67358ä laquelle Moufazzal
67359a uonsacre un assez long passage, au commencement du an-Nahdj as-sadid,
67360dans laquelle on
67361trouve l'expression coranique o~j employee pour designer
67362cet edifice, est tres exacte au point de vue musulman,
67363et, par deux fois, l'au-
67364teur parle des grandes fetes de l'annee islamique en homme pour qui elles sont
67365des evenements
67366familiers,
67367qui viennent scander
67368le cours de
67369sa vie avec une
67370regularite parfaite, sur lesquels
67371il est inutile d'entrer dans aucune precision,
67372parce
67373qu'ils
67374sont trop universellement connus. C'est
67375ainsi qu'au
67376folio 35
67377v°,
67378il
67379parle de
67380Baibars
67381qui celebre
67382la
67383fete
67384ä
67385'Akkar,
67386sans
67387ajouter
67388qu'il
67389s'agit
67390de
67391la
67392fete
67393de
67394la
67395rupture
67396du
67397jeüne,
67398parce
67399que
67400la mention du
67401raois
67402de
67403Ramadhan, au cours duquel se placent les evenements qui precedent imme-
67404diatement, montre suffisamment
67405ä un Musulman
67406qu'il ne peut
67407etre question
67408que de
67409la fete de la rupture du jeüne,
67410et non d'une autre; de meme, quelque
67411temps apres, il mentionne que le sultan celebra la fete ä Salihiyya, en laissant
67412ä son lecteur le soin de determiner qu'il faut entendre dans ce passage la fete
67413du
67414sacrifice, comme
67415on le
67416voit suffisamment
67417par l'indication du mois dans
67418lequel eile se place. Ces deux faits sont d'autant plus interessants, qu'au folio
674192
67420r", Moufazzal
67421ibn Abil-Fazail nous apprend que Baibars monta ä la Forte-
67422resse de la Montagne au moment delapremierepriere Jl^l
67423.<^-~J', expression
67424C"
67425qui
67426n'a
67427jamais
67428etö
67429musulmane,
67430la
67431priere
67432etant toujours
67433appelee
67434i'iLe dans
67435l'Islam.
67436*
67437Au
67438folio 46 v°, Moufazzal parle de l'atabek Nour ad-Din,
67439le Martyr
67440(ash-
67441shahid), qui
67442avait, comme
67443l'on
67444sait, gagne ce
67445titre en combattant contre
67446les
67447Chretiens; des habitants du Darband, qui sont les armees de la guerre sainte
67448contre
67449les
67450infideles,
67451c'est-ä-dire
67452contre
67453les Chretiens
67454d'Armenie; ce terme
67455de guerre sainte contre
67456les Chretiens revient encore au folio 47
67457r°, par deux
67458fois,
67459avec une
67460insistance invraisemblable sous
67461la plume d'un homme qui
67462a
67463professe
67464le
67465Christianisme;
67466au
67467folio 57
67468v°,
67469Moufazzal nous montre
67470le sultan
67471Baibars, rentrant en Egypte pour le salut de l'Islam,
67472et traversant
67473le champ
67474de bataille sur lequel
67475il avait recu l'assistance des anges d'Allah pour ecraser
67476les Mongols allies des Chretiens; un peu plus loin, fol. 60 v°, ce meme Baibars,
67477qui passa toute sa vie ä combattre
67478les Chretiens, meurt dans la misericordo
67479de Dieu. Moufazzal parle tranquillemcnt d'un shaikh
674802 qui saccageait les egli-
674811. Fol. 30 v°. — 2. Fol. 65 v°.
p. 371
67482[17]
67483INTRODUCTION.
67484359
67485ses,
67486et
67487qui,
67488en
67489particulier,
67490detruisit
67491ä
67492Jerusalem
67493celle
67494de
67495la
67496Grucifixion,
67497laquelle,
67498ajoute-t-il,
67499etait en grande veneration chez les Chretiens. Kalaoun,
67500qui combattit les Chretiens avec la derniere Energie, est qualifie de « martyr »
67501(shahid)'
67502par Moufazzal, tandis que Nowairi, qui
67503etait musulman, ne donne
67504pas
67505ce
67506titre
67507ä
67508Kalaoun dans
67509le
67510passage de son histoire
67511de l'Egypte qui
67512a
67513ete copie
67514par Moufazzal.
67515G'est de meme que
67516Moufazzal, parlant de
67517navires
67518francs
67519qui
67520se presenterent
67521sur
67522les
67523atterrages
67524de
67525Bairout
675262
67527,
67528dit qu'AUah,
67529le
67530Tres-Haut,
67531leur envoya un vent qui leur
67532fut contraire,
67533et en
67534fit
67535couler plu-
67536sieurs, tandis que Nowairi raconte seulement, dans le passage que Moufazzal
67537a copie, que plusieurs de ces navires sombrerent, et que d'autres se mirent en
67538pieces
67539;
67540il
67541semblerait
67542que
67543cette
67544aggravation ne
67545puisse
67546se
67547comprendre
67548que
67549de
67550la part d'un Musulman
67551fanatique.
67552Dans un
67553autre passage,
67554il
67555dit qu'on
67556recut des nouvelles de Perse, annoncant que Khorbanda avait repandu l'here-
67557sie
67558shi'ite (roufz) dans ses
67559etats,
67560qu'il
67561avait ordonne
67562aux predicateurs, dans
67563tout son empire, de faire disparaitre du pröne les noms des
67564trois prerniers
67565khalifes orthodoxes, Abou Bakr, 'Omar et 'Othman, qui sont l'objet de l'exe-
67566cration
67567des
67568Shii'tes, et de
67569le reduire aux noms
67570d' 'Ali, de ses deux
67571fds, des
67572descendants de Mahomet par Patime,
67573« qu'AUah
67574soit
67575satisfait de
67576lui, de ses
67577deux iils et des membres de la famille du Prophete
675783
67579»
67580; logiquement,
67581il devrait
67582etablir que Moufazzal profcssait
67583le Sunnisme,
67584au meme
67585titre que la profes-
67586sion de foi ehret ienne qu'il fait en qualifiant Barsauma al-'Ouryan de
67587«
67588notre
67589Pere »
67590et de
67591« Pere auguste
67592»
67593etablit
67594qu'il appartenait
67595ä l'eglise
67596copte. Ces
67597deux formules,
67598ces deux facons de
67599penser,
67600sont absolument contradictoires
67601et antinomiques, car on
67602ne
67603voit
67604point un
67605ecrivain persan
67606ou
67607un
67608officier
67609afghan parlant de notre Saint-Pere
67610et de Notre- Seigneur pour
67611designer
67612le
67613Pape
67614et
67615Jesus-Christ. Moufazzal
67616ibn Abil-Fazai'l, au
67617sujet
67618de
67619l'accord qui
67620intervint entre Kalaoun,
67621le prince Nadjm ad-Din Khidr
67622et Temir Sonkor
67623al-
67624Ashkar, dit qu'AUah, dans
67625cette
67626occurrence,
67627« rendit unanime
67628la
67629parole
67630de
67631rislam
67632''
67633», employant ainsi unc
67634expression qui
67635n'est point classique,
67636car le
67637Lisan al-'Arab ne la connait pas, mais qui signifie qu Allah
67638fit cesser les diffe-
67639rends et les divergences d'opinions qui avaient eclate
67640entre
67641les Musulmans.
67642Bien
67643qu'ä la rigueur
67644cette formule puisse se rencontrer dans
67645le
67646style
67647d'un
67648historien ehretien,
67649il est certain qu'elle ne s'explique completement que sous
67650la
67651plume
67652d'un
67653historien
67654musulman.
67655Les
67656faits
67657suivants
67658sont
67659encore
67660plus
676611. Fol. 86
67662r°. — 2. Fol. 108 V.
67663C^J!, fol. 160 v°.
676644.j»lk)l ^1 ^
67665^.jJ! ^
67666J>-Jl ^SU\
67667*> jr^J!
67668sjJOs)!
67669c,lkUt JL*\
67670JLÜ\ Us" «Ü!
67671£*a.j yü^Sjüx- ^.jJI ^^j..^ ^ oXJ-LC, folio74 v°.
67672C
67673patr.
67674on. —
67675T.
67676XII. —
67677f.
676783.
6767925
p. 372
67680360
67681INTRODUCTION.
67682[18]
67683caracteristiques
67684: Moufazzal raconte
67685' que Baibars, passant par Abouloustain,
67686v
67687vit
67688les
67689cadavres
67690des Mongols
67691qui
67692avaient
67693ete
67694tues par
67695les Musulmans,
67696comme Ton
67697sait,
67698et
67699dont
67700Allali
67701avait
67702precipite
67703les ämes
67704»laus
67705les flammes
67706infernales, sans compter celles des Kurdjs maudits
67707: or les Kurdjs,
67708les Geor-
67709giens,
67710etaient
67711chretiens;
67712plus
67713loin 2
67714,
67715Moufazzal
67716nous
67717parle
67718des
67719heurcuses
67720nouvelles qui arriverent au Gaire, annoncant la prise de Tyr sur les Francs,
67721et la fuite des Chretiens;
67722il qualifie egalement d'heureux evenement la prise
67723de la Kala'at ar-Roum qui appartenait aux Armeniens chretiens
677243
67725, et
67726il parle
67727''
67728de la circoncision
67729benie
67730^_r,LJ' h^^'
67731c[ug subit
67732al-Malik an-Nasir,
67733fds
67734de
67735Kalaoun. Tous ces
67736details, la citation de passages du Goran, de vers de Mou-
67737tanabbi, suffiraient ä etablir que Moufazzal etait musulman,
67738si Ton ne savait
67739d'une
67740facon certaine
67741qu'il
67742etait chretien;
67743car, bien
67744qu'il soit evident, comme
67745on
67746l'a vu
67747plus haut,
67748qu'il
67749n'a
67750pas
67751fait
67752une- oeuvre
67753originale,
67754et
67755qu'il
67756s'est
67757borne ä
67758copier les
67759historiens
67760qui
67761ont
67762ecrit
67763avant
67764lui,
67765la
67766logique
67767voudrait
67768qu'un
67769Copte
67770ait
67771fait
67772disparaitre
67773ces
67774aflirmations de l'Islamisme, en
67775rema-
67776niant
67777la
67778matiere
67779historique
67780qu'il
67781puisait
67782dans
67783ses
67784auteurs. De
67785plus,
67786la
67787chronique qu'il a ecrite
67788n'a rien de commun avec
67789celles qui
67790ont ete compo-
67791söes
67792par
67793les
67794Chretiens,
67795et
67796rien ne
67797la
67798distingue des
67799liistoires musulmanes
67800qui furent ecrites aux epoques
67801posterieures,
67802et qui sont beaucoup plus eon-
67803nues.
67804C'est tout ä
67805fait par hasard
67806qu'il
67807est question des Chretiens dans
67808le
67809an-Nahdj
67810as-sädid, dont la trame,
67811en somme, ne
67812dilfere en
67813rien de
67814celle du
67815Soulouk ou du an-Noudjoum
67816az-zahir.a.
67817Malgre
67818toutes
67819ces apparences
67820bizarres
67821et
67822trompeuses, au
67823milieu
67824des-
67825quelles on
67826risque
67827de
67828se
67829laisser egarer,
67830il faut conclure que
67831Moufazzal ihn
67832Abil-Fazail, tres
67833mediocrement
67834instruit, comme
67835tous
67836ses
67837coreligionnaires
67838coptes, s'est borne ä resumer, d'une facon toute mecanique
67839et inintelligente,
67840le texte des chroniques musulmanes
67841qui
67842etaient en
67843sa
67844possession,
67845sans
67846se
67847rendre un compte
67848cxact de
67849la valeur des termes
67850et des expressions
67851qui y
67852etaient
67853usitees, et
67854qui, sous
67855la plume d'un ecrivain chretien, constituent des
67856blasphemes inexpiables.
67857Cette
67858alliance
67859deconcertante
67860de
67861formules
67862chretiennes
67863et
67864musulmanes
67865est tres
67866insolite,
67867et
67868eile ne
67869se
67870remarque dans
67871aucun des
67872ouvrages qui ont
67873ete ecrits par les Chretiens coptes;
67874il convient peut-etre, d'ailleurs, de ne pas
67875s'en etonner outre mesure,
67876car on
67877lit dans
67878la chronique de Moufazzal, qu'en
67879l'annee 718 de
67880l'hegire (1318-1319),
67881le
67882sultan al-Malik
67883an-Nasir,
67884fils de Ka-
67885laoun, ordonna par un rescrit que l'on construisit Teglise de Barbara
678865
67887, qui etait
67888situee dans
67889la
67890rue
67891des
67892Grecs. Cette
67893eglise fut
67894ödifiee avec un deploiement
67895extraordinaire de
67896forces, avec
67897le concours des
67898inspecteurs
67899de
67900l'armee, des
679011. Folio 58 r°. — 2. Folio 88
67902r°. — 3. Folio 90
67903r°. — 4. Folio 92 v".
67904.">. Sainte Barbe.
p. 373
67905[19]
67906INTRODUCTIOX.
6790736J
67908ouvriers
67909d'ötat, et d'autres gens. Cela
67910indigna
67911fort
67912les Musulmans,
67913si
67914bicn
67915que
67916Ia populace du Caire
67917detruisit l'6glise
67918; mais
67919cette erneute ne troubla en
67920rien al-Malik an-Nasir, qui lanca un second rescrit, par lequel
67921il enjoignil de
67922reconstruire avec des roseaux
67923les parties
67924de
67925l'edifice qui avaient'öte domo-
67926lies,
67927ce qui
67928tut execute'.
67929On
67930avait
67931dejä vu
67932un
67933sultan
67934sunnite
67935de l'Egypte, Salah
67936ad-Din,
67937faire
67938construire un College dans
67939sa capitale pour les Batheniens,
67940c'est-ä-dire pour
67941les
67942Ismailiens,
67943lesquels,
67944ä
67945la
67946lettre du
67947texte
67948coranique
67949et
67950des
67951traditions,
67952opposaient
67953leur interpretation
67954esoterique.
67955basee
67956sur une pretendue
67957revela-
67958tion, en dehors de tout raisonnoment, ce qui ouvrait
67959la porte aux pires hete-
67960rodoxies
67961et
67962aux
67963fantaisies
67964les
67965plus inconcevables.
67966Mais, en
67967agissant
67968ainsi,
67969toute revoltante que
67970tut
67971sa conduite au point de vue
67972sunnite,
67973et meme au
67974point de vue strictement rationaliste, Salah ad-Din restait dans Tlslam,
67975et
67976il
67977ne donnait point de gages ä une confession etrangere, tandisqu'en employant
67978ses troupes et le personnel de son service des ponts et chaussees ä construire
67979une eglise pour les Chretiens du Caire,
67980le sultan al-Malik an-Nasir Moham-
67981mad se
67982livrait ä une manifestation qui
67983ne pouvait plaire
67984ä ses sujets musul-
67985mans,
67986lesquels consideraient
67987les
67988Coptes comme
67989des gens
67990qu'on
67991aurait
67992du
67993exterminer, tandis que
67994le sultan d'Egypte, qui se
67995servait d'eux, et qui excel-
67996lait dans
67997l'art de leur soutirer de Targent, comme on
67998le
67999voit
68000suffisamment
68001par le
68002recit de
68003l'auteur de VHistoire
68004il<-s Patriarches d'Alexandrie, professait
68005ä
68006leur egard des
68007sentiments tout
68008differents,
68009et beaueoup moins
68010impolitiques.
68011Le manuscrit
68012qui
68013contient
68014l'histoire de Moufazzal ihn
68015Abil-Fazai'l n'est
68016pomt autographe. comme
68017le pretend Tauteur du Catalogue des manuscrits
68018arabes de la Bibliotheque Nationale, qui a vu, dans
68019la note ä demi eiTacee du
68020premier
68021feuillet
68022_x-jJI j^jU
68023a**».,
68024l'indication
68025que
68026son
68027auteur
680281'avait
68029ecrit pour son
68030usage, en restreignant
68031le
68032verbe
68033« ecrire
68034» ä son
68035sens mate-
68036riel de
68037« copier ».
68038S'il est quelquefois difficile de discriminer dans une sous-
68039cription
68040le sens exaet de ^_^ et
68041de «^,
68042quoique j'aie
68043l'opinion, pour mon
68044compte personnel, que
68045le premier de ces verbes
68046signifie plutöt
68047« copier
68048», et
68049le
68050second
68051<r Compiler »,
68052il me parait que
68053Interpretation de
68054cette
68055note
68056n'est
68057i. Ji= »Uf o^ ;JI ä.l^
68058-'*
68059ü.ü.l L~J J.Uo ^U! ^OJ
68060!
68061,IUJ!
68062_.,
68063Lyjjt
68064J
68065Li« U^
68066^XJjJ
68067(sie)
68068lirJUjl
68069yJyJ*
68070<tS3'i j£* ^-; -V ^.^3
68071fi*\ y= ^JJiy,
68072j.,^ ^^ä)L
68073LJ! ^
680741&,
68075«x. u ^
68076c>
68077< ^UJUI r
68078, J
68079,]j}\
68080(fol. 187 r°
68081:
68082il s'agit ici de lits de briques dans un chainage de roseaux, qui remplace
68083le
68084chainage en planches et en boulins de l'architecture byzantine.
p. 374
68085362
68086INTRODUCTION.
68087[20]
68088point doutcuse, et qu'il y faut simplement voiiTaflirmation que Monfazzal ibn
68089Abil-Fazail
68090a
68091redige
68092cette
68093chroniqüe
68094pour
68095son
68096usage
68097personnel, ce
68098qui,
68099comme
68100j'ai dejä eu
68101l'occasion de
68102le dire, est une
68103affectation de modestie
68104et
68105de desintefessement ä laquelle
68106il convient de ne pas se laisser prendre.
68107J'ajouterai que l'examen du manuscrit du an-Nahdj as-sadid infirme com-
68108pletemenl l'opinion qui a ete emise par le redacteur du Catalogue des manus-
68109crits arabes. La Bibliotheque Nationale possede un certain nombre de manus-
68110crits autographes qui ont justement
68111ete executes en Egypte, ä l'epoque des
68112sultans mamlouks, un tome de l'encyclopedie de Nowairi, uu volume du an-
68113Noudjoum az-zahira d'Aboul-Mahasin, une
68114partie du trop vaste
68115dictionnaire
68116biographique de Makrizi, un exemplaire du Vorrat al-aslak d'Ibn Ilabib, un
68117autre de
68118la chroniqüe d'lbn Dokmak,
68119et un curieux opuscule dont l'auteur
68120s'est impose la täche ardue d'essayer de
68121coneilier
68122les
68123opinions divergentes
68124des deux commentaires classiques de la Logique d'Avicenne.
68125Les
68126caraeteristiques
68127de
68128ces manuscrits
68129sont
68130absolument
68131differentes
68132de
68133cellcs de la chroniqüe de Moufazzal ibn Abil-Fazail, dont l'ecriture, un neskhi
68134mamlouk
68135tres soigne,
68136mais
68137entierement impersonnel,
68138avec
68139des
68140titres
68141tres
68142regulierement traces ä l'encre rouge, comptant toüjours dix-huit lignes ä la
68143page,
68144est celle
68145d'un
68146copiste
68147de profession,
68148et
68149n'a rien de commun
68150avec
68151le
68152neskhi personnel et plus ou moins cursif des historiens dont nous possedons
68153les
68154autographes, ou
68155avec leurs
68156fantaisies graphiques, meme
68157avec
68158celui
68159de
68160Nowairi,
68161dont l'execution
68162est extremement soignee.
68163Je n'insisterai pas plus
68164longtemps
68165sur ces
68166faits
68167qui
68168sont assez
68169difficiles ä exposer en l'absence
68170des
68171manuscrits eux-memes ou de leurs reproduetions photographiques.
68172La chroniqüe
68173de Moufazzal,
68174dont
68175plusieurs
68176feuillets ont disparu
681771
68178avant
681791. Si Ton
68180en
68181croit
68182une notice redigee par
68183le celebre Dom Berthereau
68184ä
68185la fin du
68186xvme siecle,
68187ces
68188lacunes
68189seraient
68190tres
68191considerables;
68192bien que
68193tres
68194fächeuses,
68195l'his-
68196toire
68197de
68198Kalaoun, par exemple, ayant presque
68199entierement
68200disparu,
68201elles
68202sont moins
68203importantes que ne
68204le croyait
68205le savant
68206benedictin
68207:
68208«
68209II manque dans
68210ce
68211manuscrit,
68212ecrit-il, au moins un tiers des feuillets. Le titre qui se trouve au commencement n'annonce
68213qu'une premiere partie de
68214la suite de l'histoire d'Elmacin, mais
68215il parait hors de doute
68216que ce manuscrit contient les deux parties. Car
68217l'intention du continuateur est d'ecrire
68218la
68219suite
68220de
68221l'histoire jusqu'ä
68222son temps comme
68223il
68224le
68225dit dans
68226sa
68227preface;
68228or
68229il
68230('mit
68231ce
68232livre ä l'an 741 de l'hegire,
68233et
68234dit ä
68235la
68236fin qu'il a
68237fini en
68238entier
68239•i*^^ ^,
68240le lundi
6824111
68242Schaoual
68243l'an
68244759.
6824511
68246vivait donc l'an
68247759,
68248et
68249c'est bien avoir conduit son histoire
68250jusqu'ä son temps que d'avoir ecrit tout ce qui s'est passe depuis Bibars jusqu'ä l'an 741.
68251Si
68252donc
68253on
68254ne
68255trouve pas
68256le
68257titre
68258de
68259la
68260seconde
68261partie
68262ä peu
68263pres au
68264milieu du
68265manuscrit, c'est que ce fcuillet manque ainsi que plusieurs autres.
68266« Le continuateur d'ailleurs
68267n'a pas
68268pris
68269Elmacin comme modele.
6827011
68271est bien
68272plus
68273etendu; je
68274le
68275regarde comme un bon
68276compilateur
68277qui
68278ne donne que
68279des morceaux
68280d'auteurs bien choisis,
68281et dont on ne trouve pas des citations dans plusieurs autres que
68282j'ai
68283vus.
68284II parait ne rien dire de lui-meme,
68285et ne
68286faire que coudre des fragments de
p. 375
68287[21]
68288INTRODUCTION.
68289363
68290l'epoque ä laquelle
68291le manuscrit a recu
68292sa
68293reliure
68294actuelle,
68295est formte, pour
68296sa plus grande partie, d'extraits ou de resumes des chroniques anterieures,
68297divers
68298auteurs.
68299Reste
68300ä
68301seavoir
68302s'il
68303les
68304donne
68305cntiers,
68306ou
68307si
68308ä
68309l'exemple
68310d'autres
68311historiens,
68312il
68313n'en donne
68314que des sommaires
68315».
68316II
68317s'est
68318glisse une erreur dans
68319cette
68320excellente notice, qiü montre que Dom Berthereau avait lu entierement
68321le manuscrit de
68322Moufazzal, et qu'il l'avait compris.
68323L'auteurne dit point qu'«
68324il
68325l'a
68326fini dans son
68327entier ***»=. ^y
68328», mais qu'
68329«
68330il a
68331ter-
68332mine sa
68333compilation
68334a**3.
68335y>
68336», ce qui
68337est tout
68338different. Le
68339titre qui est ecrit au recto
68340du
68341premier
68342feuillet
68343porte
68344en
68345efl'et
68346:
68347Ivi
68348-V.j^'
68349i J-"j
68350-V.-*—^'
68351-^-s~" ^
68352Jj^'
68353'j^'
68354J^JI
68355,y>\
68356jju,
68357ä
68358savoir
68359que
68360cc qui
68361suit
68362est
68363la premiere
68364section
68365de
68366la
68367continuation
68368d'Ibn
68369al-'Amid,
68370ou, pour
68371etre
68372plus
68373exact,
68374de l'histoire qui
68375traite
68376des evenements qui
68377se
68378sont produits dans l'empire
68379des Mamlouks
68380apres
68381la date ä
68382laquelle
68383s'arrete Ibn al-
68384'Amid. Or, le titre de la seconde section
68385jbJt
683864=sr-t ne se rencontre pas dans
68387le manus-
68388crit; d'autre
68389part, dans
68390sa
68391souscription, Moufazzal, ne
68392specifiant pas
68393s
68394il
68395a
68396termine
68397la premiere ou la
68398seconde
68399section de sa chronique,
68400mais
68401disant au
68402contraire
68403qu'il
68404a
68405fini toute
68406l'histoire qu'il voulait ecrire
68407... JjJ-JI
68408j^\ •*J^& ^f f^-J^
68409(**"> entend que
68410son
68411lecteur comprenne
68412qu'il
68413est parvenu
68414ä
68415la
68416fin
68417de sa
68418tache,
68419et
68420qu'il
68421ne
68422lui
68423reste
68424plus rien ä accomplir. D'ailleurs, de
68425la lecture de l'histoire de Mohammad ibn Kalaoun,
68426il ressort que Moufazzal a vecu sous le regne de ce sultan,
68427et, par consequent, que sa
68428chronique
68429se termine bien avec les derniers mots qui se lisent dans
68430le manuscrit. Dans
68431ces conditions,
68432il
68433est evident que
68434le
68435feuillet portant
68436le
68437titre de
68438la seconde partie a dis-
68439paru en meine temps qu'un certain nombre d'autres
68440; la proportion d'un tiers indiquee par
68441Dom Berthereau
68442nie semble, malgre ce
68443fait, trop considerable; mais
68444il est malheureu-
68445sement trop certain que Moufazzal n'a
68446fait que resumer assez mediocrement les sources
68447qu'il avait ä sa disposition. Le manuscrit de sa chronique portait ä certains feuillets des
68448gloses, ou plulüt des additions, qui ont
68449ete
68450recopiees par la meme main que
68451le texte, et
68452qui s'avancaient jusqu'ä l'extreme bord despages; les derniers caracteres de ces
68453gloses,
68454quelquefois deux ou
68455trois mots, ont
68456ete rognes par un relieur maladroit ä l'epoque ä
68457laquelle
68458le
68459manuscrit a recu sa
68460reliure
68461actuelle.
68462Voici, comme exemple,
68463ce qui
68464reste
68465d'une de ces gloses qui etait ecrite au recto du folio 2
68466:
68467*»»>- j
68468jliljjül^ ^J\ J^\
68469JIS LiU
68470r^Kjü
68471^jJI
68472£fe.
68473^-«M!
68474^j\jSxJ\
68475^aLüI
68476[ JaIüI dUJl
68477dJüL"
68478Ott
68479Jöt-I J^
68480IaIIL
68481üj! Jo
68482<J
68483iol»s
68484\j~»\
68485\s~^>j
68486^%^j\}
68487...
68488l^j
68489fcjJU
68490di_jJl
68491l>
68492jöj
68493<J>^ ^i
68494.J ülc
68495Uis
68496~6j.xJ\
68497bXs-
68498y&j
68499^*L!äJI
68500[J-
68501-U
68502Jo
68503IAA
68504l». u
685053 Us
68506jLiJI
68507Jäcj
68508JUuYlj
68509Ff-J^
68510ö*
68511lj »i-
68512LfcjlTI
68513J^i
68514—
68515'
68516«Azsl
68517s-Ct
68518\a
68519J
68520*jis
68521jlkUI
p. 376
68522364
68523INTRODUCTION.
68524[22]
68525relirs entre eux par un texte
68526tres mediocrement
68527ecrit, par un homme totale-
68528ment Ignorant de l'arabe classique. Elle presente, avec le dictionnaire biogra-
68529phique du eontinuateur d'as-Sakai (Ar. 2061), avec l'h'istoire d'Ibn Moyassar
68530(Ar.
685311G88), avec l'autographe d'Ibn Dokmak, qui est conserve dans
68532le fonds
68533arabe sous le n° 1597,
68534la particularite d'etre redigee, non en arabe classique,
68535mais bien en arabe vulgaire
685361
68537,
68538sauf naturellement dans
68539les passages copies
68540lilleralement dans les auteurs qui se piquaient d'ecrire en respeetant les regles
68541de
68542la grammaire,
68543tels
68544Nowairi ou
68545Baibars.
68546Cette
68547constatation
68548ne manque
68549pas d'un certain
68550interet, car
68551eile montre qu'au xiv
68552e siecle,
68553la langue parlee
68554en Egypte,
68555l'arabe vulgaire, comme on
68556l'appelle communement, ne differait
68557point
68558d'une
68559facon
68560sensible
68561de
685621'idiomc
68563qui y
68564est
68565aujourd'hui
68566en
68567usage;
68568Moufazzal
68569a
68570pris
68571le
68572soin
68573de
68574nous
68575conserver dans
68576son
68577histoire une apos-
68578trophe que l'emir Badr ad-Din lanca ä Toghatcbi
68579(fol. 105
68580v°)
68581:
68582,»_# JT
68583\<-->,y
68584JjJä
68585,,lkL. £i
68586\j-6~p, en langue tout ä
68587fait vulgaire
68588: tridou
68589koüll yom tkimou
68590lekoum
68591soultan
68592djddid, au lieu de touridouna
68593koulla yaumin toukimou
68594soultanan
68595djadidan;
68596eile montre
68597la meme degradation de
68598la
68599langue
68600qui
68601se remarque
68602dans les Jargons abätardis de l'Afrique du Nord. Ces auteurs n'avaient meme
68603pas
68604la notion qu'ils ne
68605savaient
68606point
68607l'arabe,
68608qu'ils en
68609ignoraient la decli-
68610naison,
68611la conjugaison, l'orthographe,
68612et meme
68613la prononciation exaete;
68614ils
68615ecrivaient absolument comme
68616ils parlaient, confondant les empbatiques entre
68617elles, telles ja
68618et
68619Ji,
68620ecrivant O pour
68621^,,
68622^
68623pour
68624i,
68625ce qui
68626est un pheno-
68627mene
68628courant dans
68629les
68630sabirs
68631modernes
68632africains,
68633aecordant
68634le
68635cas
68636sujet
68637avec
68638le regime direct,
68639ce qui est l'une des caracteristiques de la decadence
68640des langues
68641ä
68642flexion, ignorant l'usage
68643du duel
68644et, par comble,
68645vocalisant
68646leur
68647texte d'une
68648facon
68649insensee,
68650teile qu'on peut se demander, pour Mou-
68651fazzal comme pour Ibn Moyassar,
68652si
68653les signes vocaliques avaient pour eux
68654la
68655valeur
68656classique
68657que nous
68658leur attribuons
68659d'apres
68660les enseignements de
68661la grammaire. Je ne m'attarderai point plus longtemps sur ce sujet;
68662les per-
68663sonnes qui savent l'arabe,
68664et qui
68665liront
68666le texte de Moufazzal, s'apercevront
68667assez de l'ignorance de cet
68668historien, de l'inelegance de sa phrase, qui
68669est
68670lourde et embarrassee comme celle d'un homme qui ne sait point ecrire, doiit
68671la pensce confuse ne peut se revetir d'une forme claire et elegante.
68672Ce
68673defaut, que
68674l'on remarque
68675ä un degre
68676inoui dans Moufazzal,
68677qui
68678est
68679tres attenue dans Makrizi et dans Aboul-Mahasin, qui, eux, au moins, savaient
68680On
68681voit sans peine
68682qu'il n'y a
68683rion k tirer de ces fragments de
68684lignes
68685; ces
68686gloses
68687n'ont
68688d'ailleurs pas une grande importance,
68689car Moufazzal avait copie leur substance
68690dans Nowairi, et quelquefois dans Ba'ibars.
686911. C'est pourquoi j'ai reproduit tel quel le texte du manuscrit de la chronique de Mou-
68692fazzal, en me bornant ä corriger les erreurs du copistc, autant que cela peut se faire, de
68693facon ä dontier dans son integrite un texte egyptien vulgaire du xiv
6869411 siecle.
p. 377
68695[23]
68696JNTRODUCTION.
68697365
68698la grammaire,
68699si
68700leur
68701style
68702est
68703loin
68704d'etre
68705litteraire \
68706etait
68707fatal
68708chen des
68709ecrivains qui, pour la plupart, n'avaient point cultive les lettres arabes,
68710et qui
68711etaient des auteurs d'occaaion,
68712des amateurs. A l'epoque des
68713sultans mam-
68714louks, en Egypte, tout le monde tut plus ou moins atteint de la manie d'ecrire
68715des histoires, de grosses histoires principalement, les plus volumineuses que
68716l'on pouvait, surtoutles gens dont ce n'etait point l'affaire, et dont les fonctions
68717dans
68718la
68719vie etaient tout autres,
68720tels Rokn ad-Din Baübars
68721et Aboul-Mahasin,
68722qui etaient des officiers. Le nombre des chroniques qui furent ecrites au Gaire
68723sous*le regne des
68724Bahrites et des
68725Bordjites est considerable, au point que
68726beaucoup
68727de
68728ces livres, meme
68729des
68730meilleurs, n'ont pas ete
68731roeopies;
68732leurs
68733auteurs en
68734faisaient
68735ecrire par
68736leur scribe
68737trois ou quatre exemplaires, au
68738maximum,
68739et personne ne se donnait la peine d'en faire executer des copies;
68740tel
68741fut,
68742il semble
68743bien,
68744le
68745cas pour
68746le
68747Di van
68748al-Insha
68749et pour
68750le al-Manhal
68751as-safi, qui sont cependant d'excellents ouvrages.
68752Le vocabulaire de tous les historiens de l'Egypte, qu'ils aient ete musul-
68753mans ou chretiens, est surcharge d'un nombre considerable de inots que l'on
68754cliercherait en vain dans un texte classique, ou d'acceptions etranges de mots
68755qui
68756se
68757rencontrent
68758dans
68759les
68760livres
68761classiques,
68762mais
68763que
68764les
68765ecrivains
68766de
68767l'epoque des sultans turks ont completement detournes de leur sens primitif
68768et etymologique.
68769La
68770raison
68771de
68772ce
68773fait est simple, quand
68774Ton songe
68775ä
68776la
68777decadence
68778des
68779etudes musulmanes, qui s'accentuaitdepuis longtemps, etaussi aux conditions
68780toutes particulieres au milieu desquelles vecut l'Egypte,
68781depuis l'epoque de
68782la chute des khalifes abbassides jusqu'ä sa conquete par Sultan Selim. Le monde
68783arabe s'etait resserre autour de la vallee du Nil et des montagnes de la Syrie,
68784au
68785point
68786qu'il
68787n'existait plus de
68788civilisation
68789arabe
68790au
68791dela
68792des
68793frontieres
68794de Tempire des Mamlouks
68795; les sables du desert oü
68796s'etait engloutie
68797l'armee
68798de Cambyse la separaient, sans communication possible, du Maghreb lointain,
68799oü
68800les oulemas de Fez et de Marrakesh vivaient sans aucun rapport intellec-
68801tuel avec le monde exterieur
68802'-. La chute du Rhalifat abbasside ruina ä jamais
688031.
68804Et cependant
68805Ibn Khaldoun
68806affirme,
68807dans
68808sa Mokaddama, qu'ä son epoque, la
68809connaissance de l'arabe n'existait plus qu'au Caire et dans la Transoxiane.
6881011 est evident
68811qu'il y avait en
68812effet dans ces pays des gens tres verses dans les lettres arabes; mais,
68813ce qui est certain, c'est qu'ils n'ecrivaient pas de livres d'histoire,
68814et qu'ils se speciali-
68815saient dans les etudes juridiques, qui demandent une connaissance
68816tres approfondie de
68817l'arabe.
688182. Quelques livres de droit ecrits en Egypte avaient penetre au Maroc, mais cela etait
68819peu de chose,
68820et les deux empires s'ignoraient completement;
68821en
68822tout
68823cas,
68824il ne leur
68825serait jamais venu ä l'idee de faire une politique commune, pas plus que les Musulmans
68826de l'Inde ne pourraient concerter une action avec les Osmanlis. Le pan-islamisme a ete
68827une
68828reverie du jour oü
68829le khalife de Baghdad
68830n'a plus ete reconnu comme souverain
68831indiscute depuis les monts Thian-shan jusqu'ä l'Atlantique.
p. 378
68832366
68833INTRODUCTION.
68834[24")
68835la civilisation arabe sur lcs bords du Tigre
68836et de l'Euphrate,
68837et toute
68838l'aeli-
68839vite de l'Islam vint
68840se
68841refugier ä Damas
68842et au
68843Caire;
68844si, par malheur,
68845les
68846Mongols avaient conquis l'Egypte, comrae
68847tel
68848etait leur
68849dessein,
68850la
68851civili-
68852sation arabe
68853aurait disparu de
68854la face du monde,
68855et ce ne
68856serait plus qu'au
68857Maghreb (jue Ton trouverait encorc quelques traces, presque efiacees, d'une
68858civilisation qui,
68859ä son aurore,
68860brilla d'un eclat aussi
68861vif que
68862celles de Rome
68863et d'Alexandrie.
68864Au
68865milieu de
68866ces catastrophes, dans
68867cette insecurite du lendemain qui,
68868pendant de longues annees,
68869fut teile que les Musulmans du Caire se deman-
68870daient
68871tous
68872les jours
68873si
68874les hordes mongoles
68875n'allaient
68876pas
68877devaster
68878leur
68879pays, comme elles avaient ruine la Transoxiane et la Perse, l'Egypte se replia
68880sur elle-meme,
68881et
68882se recueillit, restreignant volontairement son horizon pub-
68883lique aux limites de ses frontieres; son histoire, comme celle de Finde musul-
68884tnane,
68885devint rapidement une
68886chronique
68887locale, presque entierement fermee
68888aux evenements de l'etranger, ä moins qu'ils ne fussent cn correlation directe
68889et immediate avec ceux qui se passaient en Syrie ou dans
68890la vallee du
68891Nil.
68892Ses
68893annalistes,
68894qui
68895ecrivaient pour un
68896public
68897sans
68898horizon,
68899racontant une
68900lusloire qui ne devait jamais interesser que les gens de leur pays, s'inquiete-
68901renttres peu de savoir si la langue qu'ils employaient serait un jour comprise
68902dans
68903d'autres
68904contrees'.
68905Et,
68906quand
68907la
68908terreur mongole
68909se
68910fut
68911evanouie,
68912quand
68913l'attentat
68914de Temour
68915contre
68916l'empire
68917des
68918Mamlouks
68919eut
68920eehoue,
68921l'Egypte s'endormit dans une securite trompeuse que ne.vint troubler aucun
68922evenement qui valüt
68923la peine
68924d'etre couche par ecrit, jusqu'au jour oü l'at-
68925taque
68926de
68927Sultan
68928Seliin
68929vint jeter
68930ä
68931terre
68932une dynastie
68933d'esclaves,
68934pourrie
68935jusqu'au plus profond de
68936ses
68937moelies,
68938ä
68939laquelle,
68940seules,
68941l'incapacite
68942et
68943la
68944resignation des Musulmans avaient permis de regner sur l'Egypte pendant
68945plus de deux siecles
68946et demi.
68947II
68948n'y
68949avait rien ä raconter au cours de ces
68950annees qui se deroulaient d'une facon terne et monotone,
68951les unes apres
68952les
68953autres,
68954et
68955les seuls evenements qui
68956eussent quelque importance
68957etaient
68958les
68959executions des emirs qui avaient cesse de plaire, ou la nomination aux places
68960de rapport de ceux qui jouissaient de
68961la faveur ephemere du sultan.
689621. C'est Quatremi-re qui a tout
68963i'ait pour fixer definitivement le sens des expressions
68964techniques, et les nuances dialectales des mots de cette langue, et cela parce qu'il se donna
68965la peine de
68966lire tous les
68967historiens de l'epoque des Mamlouks,
68968et de dresser un inven-
68969taire de leur idiome sur des
68970fiches.
68971C'est gräce aux notes de
68972ses
68973travaux,
68974surtout des
68975Sultans Mamlouks et des Mongols, que Dozy a pu donner, dans son Supplement, Fes-
68976sentiel de cette langue;
68977sans l'aide de ces notes, dont on a souvent crilique l'erudition,
68978il aurait du renoncer ä ee dessein,
68979et personne ne comprendrait ces textes, car, depuis
68980Quatremere, l'apport des
68981arabisants,
68982sur
68983le
68984point
68985special de
68986la langue des
68987historiens
68988de l'Egypte, comme sur tant d'autres,
68989a ete nul.
p. 379
68990[25]
68991INTRODUCTION.
68992367
68993L'histoire egyptienne
68994linit par atteindre ä la sechcresse indefinie des chro-
68995niques du Geleste Empire
68996: le Soulouket
68997le an-Nouäjoum az-zahira ne soat plus
68998que
68999la copic des obituaires du Gaire, avec un resume du Journal Ofßciel de la
69000monarchie,
69001et des rapports
69002de
69003la
69004police;
69005eile
69006u'eut meine jamais
69007l'attrait,
69008asscz faible d'ailleurs, que presentent les chroniques persanes de Finde musul-
69009mane, d'un
69010recit
69011historique suivi,
69012au lieu d'etre
69013hache en
69014tranches incxo-
69015rablement egales, annee par annee, mois par mois,
69016et meme jour par jour.
69017Toute
69018la litterature egyptienne
69019de
69020cette epoque manqua d'originalite
69021ei
69022eile visa ä l'enormite, comme les histoires de Makrizi, d'Aboul-Mahasin,
69023et de
69024tant d'autres';
69025eile
69026fut surtout une
69027litterature de compilation, de resumes,
69028secs, ternes, mediocres, comme tout ce qu'ecrivit Soyouti, qui semble
69029s'etre
69030doiine
69031la täehe ingrate de passer
69032les meilleurs ouvrages arabes ä
69033la presse,
69034pour en eliminer tout
69035le
69036suc,
69037et n'en garder qu'une pulpe, indigeste et sans
69038saveur; tout, dans cette litterature,
69039est sans
69040relief
69041et lourd; on sent quelle
69042es1 cclose sur la terre des Pyramides, et que l'ambiance egyptienne, qui avail
69043survecu ä
69044la
69045cliute des Pharaons,
69046voulait que Ton
69047batit pour l'elernite, au
69048risque de massivite et de lourdeur. On chercberait en vain, aussi bien dans
69049les livrcs que dans les ceuvres d'art de l'Egypte, la delicatesse et la gracilitc
69050de la civilisation persane, dont l'imprevu
69051et les defauts eux-memes d'impre-
69052cision
69053et de
69054laisser-aller sont un charme qui secluit
69055l'esprit, jusque chez
69056les
69057polygrapbes
69058tardifs et de mauvais goüt, comme Hosain ibn
69059'Ali al-Va'iz al-
69060Ivashili,
69061et qui
69062le reposent de
69063la secheresse de
69064la civilisation pesante,
69065saus
69066clarte et sans ideal, des sultans mamlouks du Caire.
69067Et.cependant, ces princes, qui ötaient venus des plaines du Kiptchak, ou
69068des steppes de l'Asie centrale, pour regner sur les Musulmans de Damas
69069ei
69070du Caire, n'en ont pas moins preside ä l'evolution d'une
69071societe qui
69072recueillit
69073la tradition du Khalifat abbasside,
69074et qui
69075lui succeda, sans aucun interme-
69076diaire,
69077dans
69078l'histoire de
69079la
69080civilisation islamique. Toutes
69081les
69082prerogatives
690831. Elle rechercha avant tout l'ampleur; Salah ad-Din Khalil ibn Aibek as-Safadi met
69084de la grammaire dans la prel'ace de son dictionnaire biographiquc, et toutes sortes de
69085faits historiques dans son indigeste commentaire de la Lamiyyat al-afal.
69086II bourre son
69087dictionnaire d'une quantite enorme de notices sur des personnages totalement inconnus
69088et d'une importance nulle. Yakout al-Hamawi, dans son Irshad al-arib,
69089avait dejä cede
69090ä cette tendance,
69091et ecrit un nombre deraisonnable de notices sur des gens de
69092loi, dont
69093personne n'avait eure, meme ä leur epoque. Ibn Khallikan montra un goüt autrement sür
69094et judicieux,
69095car tous
69096les personnages
69097qu'il cite
69098sont des hommes de premier ordre,
69099qui sont restes celebres, ou tout au moins tres connus,
69100si bien que l'on est en droit de
69101conclure que ceux
69102qu'il
69103a omis n'avaient qu'une importance tres secondaire. Tous ces
69104defauts n'empechent que
69105la
69106seule
69107bistoire
69108des khalifes que
69109l'on possede
69110soit
69111l'ceuvre
69112de
69113Soyouti,
69114qui est le type des ecrivains hätifs des äges de decadence, pour lesquels
69115la science consistu dans la redaction de manuels.
p. 380
69116368
69117INTRODUCTION.
69118[26]
69119du
69120Khalifat
69121furent
69122devolues
69123aux
69124sultans mamlouks', dont
69125les
69126souvcrains
691271. Moufazzal nous apprend cn effet, sous la rubrique del'annee 707 de l'hegire (1307),
69128qu'ä celte epoque, regnait, depuis le Khorasan jusqu'ä Khanbaligh {sie),
69129le roi Khaidou
69130(^^Ji)
69131et
69132les
69133fils de Barakh.
69134Cc
69135souverain
69136correspondait alors
69137avec
69138le sultan
69139d'E-
69140gypte, et
69141il
69142faisait porter au-dessus de
69143sa tete, en signe de vassalite, deux etendards,
69144dont Tun
69145etait
69146decore du
69147chiffre d'al-Malik az-Zahir,
69148et
69149l'autre,
69150de
69151celui
69152d'al-Malik
69153al-Mansour Kalaoun, qui les lui avaient envoyes
69154: _j-XJ sjXU! ,jpl>
69155.Li.
69156^Jl
69157.Lt^p.
69158y°
69159J*Lk)t OXl«l)
691601*»Jä.!
69161fJiZZ-'""'
69162,J~J.
69163Jl£
69164J-*=rfj
69165K^= l_^-Ul J-w \j>
69166J-;/jJ
69167_**}
69168(äljJ
69169)Sj !j
69170Lajl J! iL.!
69171,,^ jjj^S
69172.j^ü! oXU) j6^}j
69173*J|
69174iL,!
69175.,^
69176[fol.
69177148
69178r
69179].
69180II
69181y
69182a
69183certainement lä une erreur
69184: Khaidou mourut ä la
69185fin de 1301,
69186et eut pour successeur
69187son
69188fds, Tcliapar, que Dogha, l'ancien allie de Khaidou, detrona en 1304. Dogha reunit
69189le royaume de Khaidou
69190ä ses domaines du Tchaghatai,
69191et mourut en
691921306;
69193il eut pour
69194successeur Kuntchek, son
69195fils, qui laissa le trone, au bout de dix-huit mois (708 de l'he-
69196gire), au prince Nalighou, descendant de Mueluguen, qui professait l'Islamisme, tandis
69197que
69198les princes qui avaient regne avant lui etaient bouddhistes.
6919911 est evident que Mou-
69200fazzal a commis dans ce passage une
69201se>ie de confusions, l'une tres explicable graphi-
69202quement, entre ^\s
69203Khai'dou,
69204etj,*J!-> Nalighou; mais
69205il
69206est impossible que
69207Bai'bars
69208(f
692091277) ou Kalaoun
69210(-J-
692111290) aient envoye
69212des etendards ä Nalighou,
69213qui monta
69214sur
69215le trone en
692161308;
69217il se peut toutefois que Tun ou
69218l'autre les
69219aient envoyes au prince
69220Khaidou qui mourut en 1301 (un an apres que Rashid ecrivait sa chronique, II,
692217, laquelle
69222fut terminee en 1303; Khaidou livra bataille ä Temour en 1301, II,
692239), apres avoir mene
69224pendant pres de 50 ans
69225les
69226hostilites contre Khoubilai
69227et Temour Khaghan, avec l'aide
69228des royaumes
69229de Tchaghatai
69230et de Tchoutchi;
69231il
69232ne
69233faut pas
69234oublier que l'oulous de
69235Tchoutchi,
69236la Horde d'Or,
69237qui soutinl
69238Khai'dou dans
69239cette
69240lutte impossible,
69241etait l'en-
69242nemi
69243irreconciliable des
69244princes mongols de Perse,
69245et
69246l'allie
69247des
69248sultans mamlouks,
69249qui pouvaient facilement envoyer par son entremise leurs encouragements ä Khaidou.
6925011 faut retenir de cette aflirmation
69251le fait que les sultans du Caire ont envoye des eten-
69252dards ä un prince mongol d'Asie centrale, ennemi jure de la maison de Touloui, laquelle
69253regnait en Perse comme en Chine,
69254et
69255qui
69256etait l'adversaire des Mamlouks d'Egypte.
69257L'existence de semblables pieces de soie brodee, ouvrees sur les bords du Nil, qui ont
69258passe du Turkestan dans le
69259Celeste Empire,
69260est un
69261fait düment etabli. En 718
69262(1318),
69263on recut au Caire, du pays
69264de Roum, l'ambassadcur du turkoman
69265Ibn Karaman, qui
69266annonga que son
69267souverain,
69268depuis
69269plusieurs annees,
69270faisait reciter
69271le pröne au nom
69272du sultan
69273al-Malik
69274an-Nasir,
69275et que,
69276sur
69277ses pieces
69278d'or et d'argent,
69279au
69280droit,
69281il fai-
69282sait frapper
69283le nom du
69284sultan, et au
69285revers
69286:
69287« L'emir des emirs
69288et de
69289la terre, Badr
69290ad-Din Ibrahim
69291»
69292:
69293^.J-.
69294ä-V ^
69295J\ ^tj
69296*3J\ ^ J^f ^!
69297l^a.
69298^y
69299Jj-j
69300Sj 3
69301«AjJI^ ^^»JJ!
69302y> ^JJ\
69303icJj\
693041=
69305i*J
69306\j}j*>
69307*4j!j _^«U! ^*XU!
69308.'-LLJlJ jjr^.>
69309^y>\
69310^y>.^\
69311.Jj
69312(j=i^'j
69313U**^t
69314h^!
69315*^c
69316v-ir-^ j=^^
69317*^^'
69318o'j
69319(f°l-
69320187 v °)- Au com "
69321mencement de
69322l'annee 720
69323(1320),
69324l'auteur
69325nous
69326dit
69327que,
69328de Bab
69329al-IIadid
69330jusqu'a
69331Kharizm,
69332de Soudak
69333(Solda'ia = Soldaca)
69334et Boulghar jusqu'aux
69335frontieres de Cons-
69336tantinople,
69337regnait Yuzbek (Uzbek)-Khan,
69338fils
69339de
69340Batou,
69341qui
69342descendait
69343du
69344frere du
69345roi Berke; dans l'etendue des etats de ce puissant souverain qui regnait sur
69346la Russie,
69347on
69348faisait
69349la
69350priere
69351au nom
69352du
69353sultan
69354al-Malik
69355an-Nasir,
69356fils
69357de
69358Kalaoun,
69359du haut
69360des chaires, quand on en avait recite
69361les formules au nom de Yuzbek
69362: Jo-Vx-!
69363,
69364,u
69365r
69366'
p. 381
69367[27]
69368INTRODUCTION.
69369orientaux
69370sc rcconnurent
69371les vassaux, commc
69372ils
69373avaient
69374accepte"
69375la
69376suze-
69377rainete
69378des
69379pontifes
69380de
69381Baghdad,
69382et
69383les
69384ecrivains de
69385leur epoque, malgn-
69386leurs
69387defauts,
69388n'en out
69389pas
69390moins continue
69391l'ceuvre
69392des
69393savants
69394qui,
69395aux
69396premiers
69397siecles
69398du
69399Khalifat,
69400avaient
69401i'ait
69402fleurir
69403les
69404lettres
69405musulmanes.
69406Nowairi n'cst point
69407Tabari, Makrizi
69408et Aboul-Mahasin
69409ne valent
69410point
69411Ibn
69412al-Atliir;
69413il
69414serait
69415absurd«'
69416de
69417comparer
69418le
69419Moghni
69420al-labib
69421au
69422Kitab
69423de
69424Sibawaihi,
69425mais Ton
69426doit
69427reconnaitre que
69428ces hommes ont
69429fait
69430tous
69431leurs
69432ell'orts pour rentrer dans la tradition, et que ces efforts n'ont pas ete vains.
69433II convient de se souvenir que Soyouti a renove la transmission orale des
69434traditions musulmanes,
69435apres vingt annees
69436d'interruption,
69437et que,
69438s'il a du
69439renoncer ä renover celle de la langue elle-meme, qui etait tombee en desuetude
69440depuis beaueoup plus longtemps, ce fut parce que les etudiants ne voulurent
69441point s'astreindre
69442ä suivre
69443ses cours
69444et
69445ä y
69446travailler', de
69447teile
69448sorte
69449qu'il
69450renonca ä son projet des
69451sa premiere lecon; mais
69452pareil
69453aeeident etait dejä
69454arrive ä Tabari, qui s
69455! est plaint amerement de ses auditeurs, dont Tinattention
69456et la paresse l'ont force ä reduirc
69457le plan de son histoire dans des proporlbms
69458Cächeuses. Le flechissement des etudes
69459classiques
69460peut, comme
69461on
69462le
69463voit,
69464se reclamer d'une antiquite plus que millenaire.
69465>%\ ^
69466lyb ^1 J± o£^ JÜJ\ L~M~hJ! V- i' j^-J j'Vä OM &
69467Jjü y\Xf
69468Je
69469yj^\
69470s^X-lJ! ^UJÜJ
69471.jCJJ
694724^CL>>
69473A~»=s. Jj
69474'£ß o£Ul
69475{sie) jpJ
69476^GJ LjJI
69477(fol.
69478189
69479v°). En
69480737
69481(1337),
69482des
69483rives du
69484Djilioun
69485jusqu'aux
69486confins du
69487pays des Turks, ä Almaligh et ä Kayaligh, qui formaient le royaumc des maisons (CUj
69488=
69489oulous)
69490de Khaidou
69491et
69492de
69493Dogha,
69494fils
69495de
69496Barakh,
69497regnait
69498le
69499sultan
69500'Ala ad-Din
69501Mohammad ibn Dogha (-Temour) Dharmashirin. qui
69502etait de la descendance de Barakh.
69503L'etendue de son royaume etait de trois mois
69504;
69505il etait en relations d'amitie avec
69506le sul-
69507tan d'Egypte, et
69508il
69509faisait porter au-dessus de~sa
69510tete, dans
69511les pompes solennelles,
69512les
69513etendards d'al-Malik al-Mansour Kalaoun
69514: JU!
69515\jfß\
69516•>&
69517kU?
69518J>' JJ3^" jV
69519<J*3
69520(jf-JjJ! ^
69521.,lkUl
69522j-jyi l^xUj
695230^j>
69524^H ^
69525^.r>.l
69526'j J
69527-rJ
69528~-^>. *^
69529^*3 £^J
69530jäj
69531y<L ^ßi
69532^CL* j^j
69533jl^j
69534Itjb ^ j*3
69535(sie)
69536^ji. U ^U,
69537»lyi ch --^
69538h<y J
69539lJj Jb J^' ^.p jy^\ wOJI
69540,&lj ^ w^U
69541^3Uo
69542(fol.
69543228
69544r°). Cette curieuse mention est repetee dans les mämes termes sous la rubrique de l'annee
69545741
69546(fol. 238 r°), ce qui me dispensera de
69547la copier ici.
69548J~iasd!
69549»j!
69550iüLs^!
69551yJ^)U
69552iLw
69553wJ
69554ÜJUo
69555^ßj^-z
69556isUaiül
69557-V*->
69558iJ\).Xa.j JoUiU'j (^x~-j
69559^r"^''
69560*~"
69561äJUa. J JoJ
69562Ji
69563Ijo-Ij Lis^ C^i^'j *pk -^
69564^s="ij ^l(
69565'
69566--'
69567J -^' j'
69568-^'j' f?^ cH
69569'
69570i.^3
69571A.i v^ri <y %, Mouzhir, edition du Caire,
69572t.
69573II, page 199. (Test en ce sens que
69574Ton donne ä Soyouti
69575les titres de
69576« sceau
69577des hommes qui ont connu
69578par
69579cceur
69580les
69581traditions islamiqucs
69582»
69583(^J'.x="*' lj
69584JblsLs^
69585i*3'U..
p. 382
69586370
695871NTRODUCTION.
69588[28]
69589La premiere
69590periode
69591de
69592l'histoire des
69593sultans mamlouks de
69594la
69595dynastie
69596des
69597Bahrites,
69598teile
69599qu'elle nous
69600est narree par
69601Moufazzal
69602ibn
69603Abil-Faza'il
69604dans
69605son
69606ad-Dourr
69607al-farid,
69608est dominee
69609par deux grands
69610faits
69611militaires,
69612d'ailleurs connexes
69613:
69614la lutte contre
69615les princes mongols de la Perse, dont le
69616plan de guerre
69617etait de s'emparer de
69618la Syrie
69619et de l'Egypte,
69620et l'expulsion
69621des Francs de la Palestine.
69622Les peripeties de ces deux conflits s'enchevetrent et se penetrent durant
69623tont
69624le regne
69625des premiers Mamlouks;
69626elles
69627sont
69628rapportees
69629d'une
69630facon
69631incomplete
69632et
69633confuse
69634par
69635les
69636historiens
69637qui
69638les
69639ont
69640racontees,
69641sans
69642voir,
69643suivant l'habitude des chroniqueurs musulmans,
69644et
69645aussi de tous ceux qui
69646ont
69647ecrit aux periodes lointaines du moyen äge,
69648les connexites qui les unis-
69649sent,
69650et surtout sans
69651se
69652rendre
69653le moindre compte que
69654les vicissitudes de
69655la fortune dans les provinces de
69656la Perse
69657et de
69658la Transoxiane avaient
69659leur
69660repercussion sur les destinees de l'Egypte
69661et des villes l'ranques du Sahel de
69662la Palestine.
69663C'est ä grand'peine qu'au
69664milieu de leurs reeits incoherents
69665et sans suite
69666on
69667parvient
69668ä retrouver
69669le
69670fil de
69671cette
69672histoire
69673compliquee,
69674qui
69675embrasse,
69676en somme, celle de tout l'Orient, ä la
69677fin du xin°siecle et au commencement
69678du
69679xiv
69680e
69681,
69682car
69683ils
69684n'en
69685ont jamais
69686vu
69687que
69688les
69689particularites
69690immediates
69691et
69692brutales, sans se soucier en rien de coordonner des evenements qui sont les
69693resultantes
69694les uns des
69695autres,
69696et
69697qui demeurent incomprehensibles
69698si Ton
69699nc prend pas
69700la peine de les
69701replacer dans
69702la trame bistorique dont ils sont
69703des parties integrantes et essentielles.
69704La lutte contre les Mongols de l'Iran etait une necessite ineluctable pour
69705les Mamlouks du Caire, une question de vieou de mort pour leur dynastie;
69706le testament
69707politique de Tcbinkkiz Khagban
69708comportait pour ses
69709succes-
69710seurs
69711l'extension
69712indefinie de
69713l'empire
69714vers
69715cet Occident dont
69716les
69717plaines
69718avaient jadis
69719ete foulees par les chevaux des guerriers d'Attila, et le prince
69720Houlagou etait parti de Karakoroum avec
69721l'ordre
69722precis
69723et formel de sou-
69724mettre ä
69725la
69726domination mongole
69727les
69728contrees
69729de
69730la
69731Syrie
69732et de
69733l'Egypte,
69734ainsi que l'empire grec, pendant que les souverains de la Horde d'Or, campes
69735ä Sarai, sur
69736la Volga, s'empareraient de
69737la Pologne, de l'Allemagne
69738et des
69739pays
69740latins.
69741Les Mamlouks du Caire se trouverent ainsi, ä la fin du treizieme siecle de
69742notre ere, le rempart de l'Islam contre les Bouddhistes qui venaient de ren-
69743verser le Khalifat abbasside, dans des heures tragiques oü les frontieres de
69744l'Islamisme, que Kotaiba,
69745fils de Mouslim, avait, cinq siecles et demi plus tot,
69746reculees jusqu'au Pamir et jusqu'aux plaines de l'Asie centrale, se trouvaient
p. 383
69747[29]
69748INTRODUCTION.
69749371
69750subitement ramenees ä l'Euphrate, quand encore
69751les troupes dos
69752adorateurs
69753de Sakya Mouni ne ravageaient pas Damas et Alep la cendröe.
69754La
69755lutte
69756contre
69757les Francs de
69758Palestine
69759n'avait jamais
69760cesse depuis
69761le
69762jour oü
69763ils
69764s'etaient empares
69765de
69766la Terre
69767Sainle,
69768et
69769les Musulmans
69770ilc
69771la
69772Syrie
69773et de l'Egypte, surtout les princes ayyoubites qui regnerent ä Damas
69774et au Caire
69775avaient toujours regarde comme
69776leur premier
69777devoir
69778politique
69779de
69780reprendre
69781aux
69782Chretiens
69783les
69784villes de
69785la
69786Palestine.
69787Mais
69788cette
69789guerre
69790se prolongeait
69791iudefiniment, sans que
69792les
69793souverains musulmans parussent
69794Inen presses de
69795rnettre
69796fin
69797ä une occupatiou
69798militaire qui
69799etait im scandalc
69800pour les
69801sectateurs de
69802l'Islamisme,
69803et dans
69804laquelle
69805leurs maitres,
69806occupes
69807ä d'autres pensees, ne voyaient avec raison qu'un episode historique facheux,
69808dont
69809il
69810fallait, comme pour
69811toutes
69812les
69813contingences
69814de
69815la
69816vie,
69817attendre
69818la
69819terminaison naturelle avec calme et serenite.
69820Cette
69821lutte
69822contre
69823les Francs de Palestine
69824qui,
69825en
69826fait, ä part quelques
69827exceptions, avait ete assez conrtoise ä l'epoque
69828des Ayyoubites,
69829se
69830reveilla
69831soudainement, avec une äprete qu'on ne lui
69832avait jamais connue, quand
69833les
69834Mamlouks de
69835la dynastie des Bahrites
69836eurent depouille
69837les descendants
69838de
69839Saladin de
69840la souverainete de l'Egypte
69841et
69842de
69843la
69844Syrie. Les
69845Francs
69846furent
69847poursuivis,
69848sans
69849treve
69850ni
69851repos,
69852par
69853les
69854sultans
69855turks
69856du
69857Caire,
69858traques
69859sans
69860repit, pourchasses l'epee dans les
69861reins, depuis
69862le regne d'al-Malik az-
69863Zahir Baibars jusqu'au moment oü al-Malik al-Ashraf Salah ad-Din Rhalil,
69864fils
69865d'al-Malik
69866al-Mansour Kalaoun,
69867les
69868eut
69869defmitivement
69870expulses de
69871la
69872Terre
69873Sainte.
69874Cet acharnement des sultans mamlouks de l'Egypte, qui acheverent ainsi
69875une oeuvre qui avait toujours excede les forces des princes ayyoubites, tenait
69876ä deux causes
69877:
69878les princes turks du Caire, depuis A'ibek jusqu'ä Kalaoun,
69879le pere du liberateur de
69880la Palestine,
69881etaient des adeptes recents
69882de
69883l'Isla-
69884misme,
69885et des convertis de
69886fraiche date. Leur milice, comme on
69887l'a vu plus
69888haut, se recrutait exclusivement par des achats d'esclaves
69889faits dans
69890le Kip-
69891tchak, oü
69892erraient, dans l'immensite des steppes siberiennes,
69893des tribus de
69894Turks,
69895que
69896se
69897partageaient
69898le Manicheisme,
69899le Bouddhisme,
69900le
69901Nestoria-
69902nisme et l'Islamisme,
69903et des clans de Mongols,
69904qui, eux, etaient les adeptes
69905du divin
69906fils de Sakya Mouni.
69907S'ils faisaient souche en Egypte et en
69908Syrie,
69909lorsqu'ils
69910avaient adopte l'Islamisme que
69911leurs maitres
69912leur
69913iinposaient,
69914il
69915ne parait pas que le nombre de leurs
69916fils füt süffisant pour remplir les cadres
69917de leur milice de pretoriens, car
69918l'on
69919sait que le recrutement du
69920corps des
69921Mamlouks ne put jamais se faire autrement que par des apports constants de
69922nouveaux esclaves, achetes dans ces contrees du Nord, que
69923les descendants
69924du Sain Noyan,
69925suzerains de
69926la
69927Bussie, ne tarderent pas
69928d'ailleurs
69929ä
69930con-
69931vertir ä la foi musulmane, au moins en partie.
69932Toutefois,
69933le
69934zele de
69935ces nouveaux convertis pour
69936la religion qu'eux ou
p. 384
69937372
69938INTRODUCTION.
69939[30]
69940leurs peres venaient d'embrasser n'cxplique qu'incömpletement
69941leur achar-
69942nement ä pourchasser les adorateurs de
69943la Croix,
69944et
69945cefc acharnement
69946avait
69947des causes beaucoup
69948plus
69949profondes. On
69950sait par
69951Moufazzal,
69952et
69953le lecteur
69954trouvera de
69955ce
69956fait plusieurs
69957exemples au
69958cours de
69959cette
69960traduction,
69961que,
69962non
69963seulemeut
69964les
69965Francs de
69966Palestine
69967s'etaient
69968faits
69969les
69970indicateurs
69971des
69972Mongols de
69973l'Iran',
69974mais,
69975ce qui
69976etait infiniment plus
69977grave,
69978qu'ils
69979avaient
69980admis
69981dans
69982leurs
69983places
69984fortes
69985des residents mongols
699862
69987qui
69988leur dictaient
69989leur
69990politique,
69991leur
69992imposant
69993la
69994volonte
69995de
69996leur
69997maitre,
69998l'ilkhan
69999boud-
70000dhiste
700013 de Perse, qui regnait ä Maragba et ä Tabriz, entoure de lamas tibe-
70002tains et de sramanas indiens. Les Francs de Palestine se trouvaient
70003ainsi
70004les
70005proteges des princes bouddhistes de l'Iran, entre lesmains desquels ils avaient
70006remis leur destinee
70007et leur libre arbitre, et
70008leur Situation geograpliique etait
70009teile que
70010les
70011armees musulmanes ne pouvaient
70012faire aucun mouvement qui
70013ne
70014füt
70015immediatement
70016signale
70017aux Mongols
70018de
70019l'Iran,
70020lesquels, düment
70021avertis, avaient tous les moyens de
70022faire une diversion qui reduisait ä neant
700231. Fol. 6r°. — 2. Fol. 30 v°.
700243. Le bouddhisme de
70025ces princes
70026est un
70027fait etabli, quand on
70028a
70029lu
70030les chroniques
70031et les histoires des contemporains, Celles d'Ata Malik, de Rashid ad-Din et de Wassaf.
70032Sans doute, ces souverains ne molesterent pas
70033les Chretiens, qu'au
70034contraire
70035ils
70036trai-
70037terent favorablement, reservant toute leur ferocite pour les Musulmans, qu'ils haissaient
70038d'une haine farouche; mais
70039il
70040n'en
70041faut pas
70042conclure
70043qu'ils
70044etaient
70045chretiens,
70046car
70047le
70048temoignage des hommcs qui
70049ont ecrit
70050leur histoire,
70051et
70052qui avaient vecu ä leur cour,
70053est formel. Plusieurs de ces princes mongols bouddhistes epouserent des femmes chre-
70054tiennes,
70055et
70056les
70057pretres nestoriens etaient au dernier bien avec
70058eux. M.
70059l'abbe Nau
70060a
70061decouvert, dans un manuserit nestorien, un hymne que Ton
70062chantait a
70063la messe pour
70064attirer les benedictions du Ciel sur Arghoun (man.
70065syr. 345,
70066l'ol.
70067163-166), dans lcquel
70068on demande
70069surtout
70070la
70071sante
70072pour
70073ce malheureux souverain qui
70074etait
70075use par toutes
70076les
70077debauches,
70078et
70079qui
70080se
70081soignait
70082ä son
70083idee,
70084et
70085aussi
70086ä
70087Celle
70088des
70089sorciers
70090indiens,
70091avec des drogues qui
70092le
70093tuerent. Les
70094Chretiens,
70095qui
70096etaient
70097en
70098faveur ä
70099la cour des
70100Mongols, passaient du reste
70101leur temps
70102ä
70103denoncer
70104les Musulmans
70105qu'ils
70106accusaient
70107de tramer des intrigues avec le sultan d'Egypte; l'imputation n'etait pas toujours fausse,
70108et l'on sait parfaitement que les Musulmans de Perse servaient d'indicateurs aux sultans
70109mamlouks, tout comme
70110les Francs de Palestine renseignaient les Mongols sur les moin-
70111dres mouvements des troupes egyptiennes. Cette hostilite irreductible des Bouddhistes
70112et des Musulmans
70113n'etait pas
70114particuliere aux
70115relations politiques
70116entre
70117les Mongols
70118de Perse
70119et les Mamlouks du Caire, et
70120eile avait toujours existe en Asie centrale
70121entre
70122ces deux
70123confessions. Les Bouddhistes
70124et
70125les Musulmans,
70126qui
70127vivaient
70128cöte
70129ä
70130cote
70131dans
70132le pays ouighour, en meme temps que des Manicheens
70133et des Nestoriens,
70134s'exe-
70135craient au dernier point, tandis qu'ils paraissent, chacun dans leur camp,
70136avoir vecu ä
70137peu pres en paix, et en termes possibles, avec les Chretiens.
70138II n'y avait pas de mechant
70139tour que les Bouddhistes
70140ne jouassent aux Musulmans, et
70141les Musulmans ne devaient
70142pas
70143se montrer beaucoup plus accommodants.

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